q3 g11 Practical Research 1 Week 7 Module 17
q3 g11 Practical Research 1 Week 7 Module 17
Practical Research 1
Quarter 3 – Module 17:
Synthesizing Information
From Related Literature
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 17: Synthesizing Information From Related Literature
First Edition, 2020
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Good day!
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At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. follow the steps in synthesizing information
from relevant literature; and
2. synthesize information from relevant
literature.
Introduction
Synthesizing is the process of summarizing one step further of the
information drawn from readings the researcher conducted. It is not just
simply restating the important points from text rather it involves combining
ideas and allowing a growing understanding of text (Gaither, 2010). It can
be considered that the researcher’s ability to write syntheses depends on
his ability to infer relationships among sources like: essays, articles, fiction,
and also non-written sources, such as interviews, lectures, and
observations. This process is not new for you, since in life you always infer
relationships all the time. Example, you infer on something you have read
in the tabloids and something you have seen for yourself (Sullivan, 2011).
Synthesis is also defined as the process of crafting a new perspective
by analyzing the likeness and differences among a group of other
perspectives. Usually, it transpires in academic writing when you are
conveying together multiple sources. “When you do not synthesize your
sources, your writing tends to read like a grocery list of ingredients rather
than a fully cooked meal” (Library Information Tutorials, 2020).
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(Activity 1) WORD WHEEL
Instruction: Guess the word by arranging the letters inside the wheel. The
letter on the center will be the first letter of the word. Letters
within a word are given as your clue.
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(Activity 2)
Guide Questions:
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A visualization of synthesis
Let us try to imagine that you are working with five sources for a
paragraph, as represented by the five colored circles below.
SOURCE
A
SOURCE
E
SOURCE SOURCE
C B
SOURCE
D
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organize your sources, outline your structure, write paragraphs with topic
sentences, and revise, edit and proofread.
STEP 1 writing, you need to organize your notes in a way that allows you to see the
relationships between sources.
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Source A
Women constitute more than half of the world’s population but their
representation in the political arena has consistently been lower compared to
men. Since representation is important in the allocation of resources, laws have
been passed to guarantee gender parity in decision-making. In Kenya, the 2010
Constitution introduced a two-third gender rule to enhance parity in legislative
bodies at both lower and national legislative bodies. From a sociological
perspective, this paper assessed the extent of participation of women in the
political development of Kenya. The qualitative study used interviews to analyse
the contribution of women in politics. In all, 30 key informants, made up of 11
males and 19 females, were purposively recruited for the study. The study found
that there were hindrances to women’s effective political participation which
included; political environment characterized by violence, discrimination based
on gender and lack of support from fellow women. The study and its implication
for policymaking has been discussed extensively.
Source B
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Source C
Source D
Source E
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Synthesis Matrix
A synthesis matrix is useful when your sources are more varied in
their purpose and structure – for example, when you are dealing with books
and essays making various different arguments about a topic.
Each column in the table lists one source. Each row is labeled with a
specific concept, topic or theme that recurs across all or most of the
sources.
Then, for each source, you summarize the main points or arguments
related to the theme.
The purpose of the table is to identify the common points that connect
the sources, as well as identifying points where they diverge or disagree.
Synthesis Matrix
Casiple,
Gonzaga,
Montates,
Anyango, Pates,
Lundgren &
Author Alupo & Batar, Hickman Lanning
Petrosiute
Opoku Montana,
(Year) (2017) (2017)
Alberea, (2017)
(2018)
Aragasi,
&Ruiz
(2018)
Theme 2 leadership
characteristics,
Leadership
traits, and other
aspects
teachers and
paraprofessiona
ls identified as
being impactful
on morale.
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STEP 2. Outline your structure
There are few different approaches you can take to structure your
resources. Researcher may organize chronologically, thematically,
methodologically, and theoretically. However, most of the authors
subscribe to thematical approach of organizing relevant information. That
means that each paragraph or section focuses on a specific theme and
explains how that theme is approached in the literature.
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review, or any other paper, you should make sure you could answer yes to
all of these questions.
Checklist for Synthesis
Do I mention only the most relevant findings, rather than describing
every part of the studies?
Do I discuss the similarities or differences between the sources,
rather than summarizing each source in turn?
Do I put the findings or arguments of the sources in my own words?
Is the paragraph organized around a single idea?
Is the paragraph directly relevant to my research question or topic?
Is there a logical transition from this paragraph to the next one?
Kids who had been victims only (who never bullied others) had
greater risk for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, generalized
anxiety, panic disorder and agoraphobia as adults (Walton, 2013).
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One longitudinal study led by a group of scientists in Norway
investigated the long-term psychological effects of adolescents. Results of
the study indicated that all groups involved in bullying during
adolescence, both bullies and victims, experienced adverse mental health
outcomes in adulthood. While the victims showed a high level of
depressive symptoms in adulthood, both groups experienced an increased
risk of psychiatric hospitalization due to mental health disorders (Hurley,
2018).
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1. Synthesis is the process of creating a new perspective by analyzing
the similarities and differences among a group of other perspectives
usually done in academic writing.
2. There are four easy steps to follow when we synthesize:
Step 1. organize your sources,
Step 2. outline your structure,
Step 3. write paragraphs with topic sentences; and
Method
Participants
Findings
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STEP 2. Outline your structure. Write the author in the small oblong
and the theme in the big oblong.
Author
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topic?
Is there a logical transition from this paragraph to the next one?
Goals of the The goal(s) of the Some details about The goal(s) have not
study study are clearly the goal(s) of the been described at all,
explained and study are missing. with sufficient clarity
include all the The goal(s) are or they are offered in
relevant sometimes expressed the words that are
information, with sufficient too close to the
including primary clarity, and original source
and secondary sometimes not so indicating little
goals. clearly. paraphrasing.
Results of The results of the Some details about The results have not
study study are clearly the results of the been described at all,
explained and study are missing. with sufficient clarity
include all the The results are or they are offered in
relevant sometimes expressed the words that are
information, with sufficient too close to the
including primary clarity, and original source
and secondary sometimes not so indicating little
findings. clearly. paraphrasing.
Main Ideas The main ideas The main ideas Main ideas are not
derived from the derived from the been described at all,
paper are clearly paper are not always with sufficient clarity
stated and clearly stated. or they are offered in
effectively linked to Student the words that are
the general topic of demonstrates some too close to the
the research. working knowledge original source
Student clearly of class material indicating little
demonstrates a relative to the article. paraphrasing. There
strong working is no evidence of
knowledge of class understanding or
material relative to elaboration of
the article. knowledge from the
part of the student.
Grammar Sentences are well Sentences are not Sentences are poorly
and organized and easy well organized OR organized and there
Organization to follow. There are there are some are several
no spelling, grammatical errors. grammatical errors.
grammar, or
punctuation errors.
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Citation Full citation is Citation is provided Citation is not
provided in APA in part in APA style provided
style
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Let’s Test Ourselves
(Answers vary.)
Let’s Do This
(Answers vary.)
Possible Answer:
Much of the literature claims that children who had been victims only of bullying have
greater tendency for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, panic disorders and
agoraphobia as adults (Walton, 2013; Hurley, 2018).
However, the recent study of Steele (2020) showed that not only the bullied will
have psychological effects but also the bully can develop greater risk of suicidality.
Analysis Let’s Try This
(Answers vary.) 1. Cohesion
2. Concise
3. Literature
4. Summarize
Answer Key
References
Casiple, E., Gonzaga, P., Montante, J., Pates, C., Batar, A., Montana, V.,
Alberca, K., Aragasi, Y., & Ruiz, S. (2019). Women representation in
politics: local government of Davao city in context. Davao City National
High School. Unpublished
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https://library.wwu.edu/lit/drafting-revising/writing-with-
sources/synthesis
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