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6 Statistics and Probability G11 Quarter 4 Module 6 Computation of Test Statistic On Population Mean Final
6 Statistics and Probability G11 Quarter 4 Module 6 Computation of Test Statistic On Population Mean Final
Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Computing Test Statistic on
Population Mean
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Computing Test Statistic on Population Mean
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Nelda L. Oabel
Editors: Jerome A. Chavez, Gilberto M. Delfina, Garry S. Villaverde, and Pelagia L.
Manalang
Reviewers: Josephine V. Cabulong, and Nenita N. De Leon
Illustrator: Jeewel C. Cabriga
Layout Artist: Edna E. Eclavea
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director
Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief
Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator
Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Regional Librarian
Aniano M. Ogayon, Schools Division Superintendent
Maylani L. Galicia, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Randy D. Punzalan, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Imelda C. Raymundo, CID Chief
Generosa F. Zubieta, EPS In-charge of LRMS
Pelagia L. Manalang, EPS
Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computing Test Statistic on Population
Mean!
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computing Test Statistic on Population
Mean!
The hand is one of the most symbolical parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn,
create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that as a learner, you are capable and empowered to successfully achieve
the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your
academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
iii
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
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What I Need to Know
In this module, you will learn how to compute the test statistic on a
population mean particularly the t-test and z-test. It is a skill that you need
to develop to be able to determine whether you reject the null hypothesis or
otherwise (to be discussed in the next module). Perform each activity
independently. If you find any difficulty in answering the exercises, you may
ask the assistance of your teacher or you may consult your peers.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. determine the appropriate test statistic to be used in the given
problem/situation; and
2. compute for the test statistic value (population mean).
What I Know
1
5. When finding the z-computed value, which formula should be used for
hypothesis testing?
𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝜇− 𝑥̅ 𝜇− 𝑥̅
A. 𝑧 = 𝜎 B. 𝑧 = 𝑠 C. 𝑧 = 𝑠 D. 𝑧 = 𝜎
√𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛
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12. Find the computed value.
A. -5.916 B. -4.950 C. 4.950 D. 5.916
13. Which test statistic will be used if the sample size is 15?
A. t-test C. cannot be determined
B. z-test D. neither t-test nor z-test
14. Which statistical method can you use when you have a normal
distribution of data?
A. t–test only C. either t–test or z–test
B. z–test only D. neither t–test nor z–test
15. A tire manufacturer claims that its tires have a mean life of 40,000 km. A
random sample of 46 of these tires is tested and the sample mean is
38,000 km. Assume that the population’s standard deviation is 2,000 km
and the lives of the tires are approximately normally distributed.
Determine the computed value at 5% level of significance.
A. -6.782 B. -3.033 C. 3.033 D. 6.782
How do you find this pre-test? Did you encounter both familiar and
unfamiliar terms? Kindly compare your answer in the Answer Key on the
last part of this module
3
Lesson
Computing Test Statistic on
1 Population Mean
Do you still remember when to use t-test? How about z-test? Answer
the activity that follows for a short review on t-test and z-test.
What’s In
Is It T or Z?
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What’s New
t-Test vs z-Test
YES NO
1.Use: Is the sample
size above
__________
30?
YES NO
2. Use: 3. Use:
__________ __________
I think you are very much ready for this topic. Read, analyze, and
study the given examples carefully.
What Is It
There are two specific test statistics used for hypothesis testing
concerning means: z-test and t-test.
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On the other hand, t- test is used when 𝑛 < 30, the population is
normal or nearly normal, and sample standard deviation (𝑠) is unknown.
The formula for the t- value is:
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠
√𝑛
where: 𝑥̅ = sample mean 𝜇 = population mean
𝑛 = sample 𝑠 = sample standard deviation
The degrees of freedom is 𝑛 − 1 or 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1.
Example 1: Compute the z-value given the following information. Use one-
tailed test and 0. 05 level of significance.
𝑥̅ = 70 𝜇 = 71.5 𝜎=8 𝑛 = 100
Solution: Since σ is known and n ≥ 30, we will use z-test. Thus, we have:
1.5
𝑧=
0.8
𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟕𝟓
Therefore, the computed z-value is 1.875.
Example 2: In the first semester of the school year, a random sample of 200
students got a mean score of 81.72 with a population standard deviation of
15 in Statistics and Probability test. The population mean is 79.83. Use 0.05
level of significance.
Solution: To answer the problem, let us first identify the given. We have:
𝑥̅ = 81.72 𝜇 = 79.83 𝜎 = 15 𝑛 = 200
Since σ is known and n ≥ 30, we will use z-test.
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𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Use the formula for z-test.
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
81.72 − 79. 83
𝑧= Substitute the given value to the
15
√200 formula.
1. 89
𝑧=
15 Simplify.
14. 14
1. 89
𝑧=
1.06
Therefore, the computed z-value is
𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟖𝟑 1.783.
−5
𝑧= Simplify.
30
12.25
−5
𝑧=
2.45 Therefore, the computed z – value
𝐳 = − 𝟐. 𝟎𝟒𝟏 is -2.041.
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Example 4: Compute the t-value given the following information:
𝑥̅ = 129.5 𝜇 = 127
𝑠=5 𝑛 = 12
Solution: Since σ is unknown and n < 30, we will use t-test. Thus, we have:
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Now, it’s your turn to answer the following exercises.
What’s More
Directions: Find the computed z-value of the following. Write your answer
to the nearest thousandths. Show your solutions.
4. 𝑥̅ = 45 000 5. 𝑥̅ = 1.72
𝜇 = 46 100 𝜇 = 1.83
𝜎 = 1 795 𝜎 = 1.05
𝑛 = 50 𝑛 = 36
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Activity 2: Find My t-Value!
Directions: Compute the t-value of the following. Write your answer to the
nearest thousandths. Show your solutions.
4. 𝑥̅ = 1.83 5. 𝑥̅ = 30. 18
𝜇 = 1. 27 𝜇 = 31. 23
𝑠 = 2.15 𝑠 = 3.15
𝑛 = 10 𝑛 = 23
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1. 𝑥̅ = 7.7 2. 𝑥̅ = 19.8 3. 𝑥̅ = 12.5
𝜇 = 8.1 𝑠=4 𝑠=3
𝜎=5 𝜇 = 18.3 𝜇 = 10.75
𝑛 = 135 𝑛 = 11 𝑛 = 18
Directions: Determine the test statistic used. Then, find the value of the
following based on the given information.
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1. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 85 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 85
The sample mean is 83, the sample size is 39, and the standard
deviation is 5. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
2. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 7. 5 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 7. 5
The sample mean is 8.3 and the sample size is 52. The population
follows a normal distribution with standard deviation 3.17. Use 𝛼 =
0.01.
3. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 15 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 15
The sample mean is 10, the sample standard deviation is 6.1, and the
sample size is 9. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
5. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 215 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 215
The population is approximately normal. The sample mean is 219.3,
the sample standard deviation is 13.12, and the sample size is 22.
Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
6. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 15 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 15
The population is approximately normal. The sample mean is 15.3,
the sample standard deviation is 2.5, and the sample size is 12. Use 𝛼
= 0.05.
7. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 65 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 > 65
The sample mean is 63, the sample size is 43, and the standard
deviation is 4. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
12
8. 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 = 25 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 25
The sample mean is 23.75, the sample standard deviation is 4.5, and
the sample size is 12. Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
Directions: What new realizations did you have about the computation of test
statistic? To answer the question, complete the sentences below.
1. The __________ is used if the sample size is large, 𝑛 ≥ ___, and the
population standard deviation (𝜎) is __________.
2. The formula of the z-test is __________.
3. The __________ is used when 𝑛 < 30, the population is normal or nearly
normal, and sample standard deviation (𝑠) is __________.
4. The formula of the t-test is __________.
5. The formula for degree of freedom is __________.
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What I Can Do
The Corona!
Directions: Determine the test statistic to be used, then find its computed
vale.
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Assessment
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7. What is the sample size?
A. 0. 15 B. 0. 48 C. 0. 5 D. 36
11. How many samples are best when dealing with t-test?
A. cannot be determined C. smaller than 30
B. exactly 30 D. equal or larger than 30
13. Which statistical method can you use when you have a normal
distribution of data?
A. t-test only C. either t-test or z-test
B. z-test only D. neither t-test nor z-test
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Additional Activities
2. The maximum heart rate of a person at the age of 20 is 200 beats per
minute. Conduct a survey with your neighbors whose age is between 15-
20. Collect a data of 10 samples, then compute its value for 𝛼 = 0. 01?
17
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What I Know What's In What's New
1. A 9. D (Is It T or Z?) (t-Test vs z-Test)
2. B 10. B
1. Z 1. z-test
3. B 11. B
4. A 12. A 2. T 2. z-test
5. A 13. A 3. T 3. t-test
6. A 14. C 4. T
7. A 15. A 5. Z
8. D
What's More What's More What's More
Activity 1: Find My Activity 2: Find My Activity 3: Compute
z-Value! t-Value! Me
1. 2.063 1. 1.980 1. -0.930
2. -1.725 2. 0.249 2. 1.244
3. 1.211 3. 3.448 3. 2.475
4. -4.333 4. 0.824 4. 1.275
5. -0.629 5. -1.599 5. 2.028
6. -1. 420
7. -0.891
What's More What I Can Do 8. 0.548
Activity 4: Find My The Corona 9. 0.968
Value!
z-test; 1.900
1. z-test; -2.498
2. z-test; 1.820
3. t-test; -2.459
4. t-test; 1.647
5. t-test; 1.537
6. t – test; 0.416
7. z – test; -3.279
8. t – test; -0.962
9. t – test; 2.304
10. z – test; -4.853
Answer Key
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What I Have
Learned
1. z-test; 30; known
𝑥̅ −𝜇
Assessment Additional
2. 𝑧 = 𝜎
1. A 9. A
√𝑛
Activities
3. t-test; unknown 2. A 10. D 1. z = -1.581
𝑥̅ −𝜇 3. A 11. C 2. Answers may vary.
4. 𝑡 = 𝑠 4. C 12. B
√𝑛
5. df = n-1 5. A 13. C
6. B 14. B
7. D 15. C
8. A
References
Textbooks
Albacea, Zita VJ., Mark John V. Ayaay, Isidoro P. David, and Imelda E. De Mesa.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Statistics and Probability. Quezon City:
Commision on Higher Education, 2016.
De Guzman, Danilo. Statistics and Probability. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc.,
2017.
Punzalan, Joyce Raymond B. Senior High School Statistics and Probability.
Malaysia: Oxford Publishing, 2018.
Sirug, Winston S. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School CORE Subject A
Comprehensive Approach K to 12 Curriculum Compliant. Manila: Mindshapers
Co., Inc., 2017.
Online Resources
Lauer, Stephen A., Kyra H. Grantz, Qifang Bi, Forrest K. Jones, Qulu Zheng,
Hannah R. Meredith, Andrew S. Azman, Nicolas G. Reich, and Justin Lessler.
“The Incubation Period of Coronavirus. Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From
Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application,” Annals of
Internal Medicine 172, no. 9 (2020); 577-582. Accessed May 21, 2020
https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-0504
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