CHAPTER 1: THE ETHICAL DIMENSION OF HUMAN EXISTENCE

Study Questions:
1. Identify a list of: (a) obligations we are expected to fulfill, (b) prohibition we are required
to respect, and (c) ideals we are encouraged to meet. Discuss whether these are ethical in
nature or not.
(a) Obligations we are expected to fulfill – as an individual we obliged to endure
and to live a significant role that would be useful for the local area where he
dwells. We have commitments for ourselves and for others. However, those
commitments should advocate for humanity and not for selfish intentions.
(b) Prohibition we are required to respect - Everyone is relied upon to regard
others including their qualities, properties, morals, inclinations, and so on besides,
we are to regard the law. We ought to notice and practice what the law expects of
us to keep up great and solid associations with everybody.
(c) Ideals we are encouraged to meet - We are urged to practice right values and
good conduct consistently. This is to feature the significance of esteeming the
profundity of humankind. A portion of the standards we are to practice are
honesty, love for other people, service, and foundation for the individuals who are
out of luck.
These should definitely be ethical in nature for as long as we act or behave
accordingly, such that we obey the laws and advocate for humanity. Being ethical
mainly focuses on doing what is morally right and good.

2. Are clothes a matter of pure aesthetic taste, or does it make sense for clothes to become a
subject in discussion of ethics? Why? How about other forms of adornment, such as
tattoos and piercings?
Clothing, piercing and tattoo are all a matter of taste. There’s no discussion about
any of it. Any personal adornment is a matter of taste. It’s not rocket science-it’s
just what it is.

3. Look for a newspaper article that tackles an ethical issue. Consider the following
questions: (a) What makes the matter of ethics? (b) What is your own ethical judgement
on this case? (c) What are your reasons for this judgement?
One of the greatest challenges for any business is navigating ethical issues.
Whereas some ethical issues in business are covered by laws, the requirements
around others are more murky. In these cases, it’s up to the business owner and
managers to hold employees accountable for unethical actions — and, of course,
to behave ethically themselves. Ethical issues in business today are just as
widespread as ever, perhaps even more so. For instance, 40 percent of employees
believe that their company has a weak or weak-leaning ethical culture. At its
simplest, ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make
decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for
individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy.
 My ethical judgment of this case is their employees are the one who don't believe
in there company it is a 40% and it huge number of employee. They must focus on
the needs to innovate and change the management. The reason of this judgment is
they must renew his management strategy. To employees to believe in the
company.

4. Brainstorm and come up with a list of common Filipino values. Consider the strengths
and weaknesses of these.
STRENGTHS:
 Family oriented
 Strong sense of community
 Laid back, relaxed lifestyle
 Optimists

WEAKNESSES:
 Crab Mentality
 Hardworking but Incompetent
 Slave Mentality
 Religion comes first before humanity

5. Imagine that you are a legislator. What rules or laws that currently prohibit certain acts or
practices would you want to amend or repeal? Also, are there certain acts or practices
currently permitted by the law that you would want to prohibit? Think of this on the level
of your school, your city, and the nation.
I would want the federal schedule of controlled substances seriously examined.
If substances were equally bad, then their traffickers should face the lower of the
multiple penalties, because the higher penalty is thinly disguised racism.

6. Comment on this statement “What I believe must be true if I feel very strongly about it.”
First, What I believe has nothing to do with how I feel about it. What I know is
true must be true based on my experience of its kind that I can confirm based on
my experience with it that it is true. Emotion and belief are mutually exclusive
every other time because belief is logical and emotion is like to logic.

7. Is looking after the benefit of your own family over all other aspects considered as
another form of egoism? Discuss.
No, I don't think focusing on the needs of your family is pride/ egoism, it is
entirely expected to care for your family. At the point when you do step on others'
head while doing that, at that point it very well may be. When you `disrupt the
golden rule and giving your family as an excuse, at that point I would think about
that as egoism.
 KEYWORDS
 Ethics - matters such as good things that we should pursue and the bad thing that we

should avoid; the right ways in which we could or should act the wrong ways of

acting.

 Morality – is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those

that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper.

 Aesthetics – refers to the judgement of personal approval or disapproval that we

make about what we see, hear, smell, or taste.

 Etiquette – is concerned with right and wrong actions, but those which might be

considered not quite grave enough to belong to a discussion on ethics.

 Technique – a method of doing some task or performing something.

 Descriptive – Study of ethics reports how people, particularly groups, make their

moral valuations without making any judgment either for or against these valuation.

 Normative – Study of ethics which discussion prescribes what we ought to maintain

as our standards or bases for moral valuation.

 Positive Law – refers to the different rules regulations that are posited or put forward

by an authority figure that required compliance.

 Divine Command Theory – the idea that one is obliged to obey her God in all things.

 Cultural Relativism – ethically acceptable or unacceptable is relative to, or that is to

say, dependent on one’s culture.

 Subjectivism – is the recognition that the individual thinking person is at the heart of

all moral valuations.

 Psychological Egoism – Is an irrefutable theory because there is no way to try to

answer it without being confronted by the challenge that, whatever one might say,

there is the self-serving motive at the root of everything.

 Ethical Egoism – differs from psychological in that it does not suppose all our

actions are already inevitably self-serving.

 ACTIVITY PAGE

I. Imagine a scenario in which an image of someone who is the object of religious devotion
(such as Jesus Christ or Mary, the Mother of Jesus) is placed side by side with a phallic
image.
1. Is this an ethical issue? Why or why not?
Yes, because the artist does not show any consideration for other cultures and
religions, it is an ethical question. As a Christian, it's a must for me to consider
everyone's feelings and culture, particularly if you want to display that art in
public. While the artist relays only his side and his/her beliefs in this picture. As
a Christian, because I am a believer and follower of Jesus Crist, it is insensitive
and offensive on my part.

2. Does the question of the rightness or wrongness of this depend on which religion you
belong to? Explain you answer.
Yes, As a Christian and as a believer of Jesus Crist in our part. That concept
doesn't show any respect.

II. Look for another example of an artistic creation – a painting, poem, or song – that is a
source of either actual or potential conflict between the expression of the artist and a
sensibility that finds this offensive. Present the significant details and the reasons that the
conflicting sides might have on this issue.

Manuel Ocampo's painting was criticized because it portrays Jesus' head attached
to the body of a hawk and is positioned in the center of two large swastikas.
Swastika is for many Germans, the emblem used by Adolf Hitler. This is why it
was taken out when Manuel Ocampo showed his works in a prestigious show of
modern art in Germany. He used such symbols on the part of the painter to
express his opinions on present-day social issues, and the painting does not
encourage fascism.
III. Look for and list down other sources wherein we find a dialogue between ethics and the
variation domains of aesthetic, culture, and religion.

The Book is "The Aesthetics and Ethics of Faith" A dialogue between

Liberationist and Pragmatic Thought by Christopher D. Tirres.
The book is all about how, Tirres looks at the aesthetic and ethical dimension of
faith through the via crucis, the Good Friday event, coupled with the siete
palabras (seven words) and Pesame. These rituals, prayers, and symbols have
both a sensorial as well as epistemic and imaginative quality to them, engaging
both the body and the mind. The aesthetic qualities found in ritual produce
ethical qualities, as realized in new moral sensibilities. The aesthetic, as
embodied in ritual, subverts and collapses dichotomies of the event: the past and
present, the space of the via crucis and their community, as well as how the
death of Jesus in Mary's weeping reminds them of the present life of the
community.
 NARRATIVE

After reading and listening to the reporter in this chapter, I have set up the extension

and the reasoning for analysis of ethics. I know the different areas of valuation in order to

distinguish what makes a particularly grave type of valuation a moral or ethical one. I also

examine various the risky perspectives of morals, some give a too simplistic answer to the

question of our grounds or foundations for moral valuation, while others seem to dismiss the

possibility of ethics altogether in the following chapters, we will explore a number of

different moral theories that have been handed down to us by the history of philosophy.

These are various approaches from thinkers who have presented to us their own

unique way of thinking on how to determine the moral principles that should be maintained.

We will first explore utilitarianism, which establishes that the best consequences for everyone

concerned might be our measure for determining what is right. We then turn to a different

notion the Natural Law Theory, which puts forward the idea that we can base our notion and

bad on something more intrinsic than the consequences of our actions-that s out human nature

itself. We will then turn to Deontology, which will argue that it is unreliable to base ethics on

consequences or on a supposed intrinsic nature; however, reason is able to determine through

its own exploration of itself what our moral duty is. We then round out our discussion of

theories with one often referred to as Virtue Ethics, which requires us to think of our concept

of reason within the larger context of the development of a moral character.

 REQUIREMENTS
IN
GE 8 (ETHICS)
(midterm)

JAMES P. CHAVES
STUDENT

IMELDA g. BANGOT
INSTRUCTOR
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 4: DEONTOLOGY
 Study questions
 Keywords
 Activity page
 Narrative

CHAPTER 5: VIRTUE ETHICS

 Study questions
 Keywords
 Activity page
 Narrative

CHAPTER 6: SYNTHESIS: MAKING INFORMED DECISIONS

 Study questions
 Keywords
 Activity page
 Narrative

GENERAL INTRODUCTION (BOOK 2)

 Narrative

PART 1: THE ACADEMIC ETHICAL TRADITIONS

 Narrative

CHAPTER 1: VIRTUE ETHICS: ARISTOTLE

 Study questions
 Narrative