Flight Manual For Aeroplane VL - 3B-3: Registration Number: Serial Number: VL-3-71 Date: 28.4.2010

Flight manual for aeroplane
VL – 3B-3
Registration number :
Serial number : VL-3-71
Date : 28.4.2010
VL – 3B-3
0. Table of Contents
0. Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................................2

1. General............................................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes .................................................................................................................5
1.3 Descriptive data .......................................................................................................................................6
1.3.1 Aeroplane description .....................................................................................................................6
1.3.2 Basic Technical data.........................................................................................................................7
1.4 Two-view drawing...................................................................................................................................8
2. Limitations......................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Airspeed ...................................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Airspeed indicator markings...................................................................................................................9
2.4 Powerplant ............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.5 Engine instrument markings ................................................................................................................. 11
2.6 Miscellaneous instrument marking ...................................................................................................... 11
2.7 Weight..................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.8 Centre of gravity .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.9 Approved manoeuvres .......................................................................................................................... 12
2.10 Manoeuvring load factors ............................................................................................................. 13
2.11 Crew ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.12 Kinds of operation ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.13 Fuel ................................................................................................................................................. 14
2.14 Other limitations ............................................................................................................................ 14
2.15 Limitation placards........................................................................................................................ 15
3. Emergency procedures ................................................................................................................................ 16
3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2 Engine failure ......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.1 Engine failure during take-off run................................................................................................ 16
3.2.2 Engine failure immediately after take-off .................................................................................... 16
3.2.3 Engine failure in flight (Forced landing) ...................................................................................... 17
3.3 In-Flight start .......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 Smoke and fire........................................................................................................................................ 18
3.4.1 Fire on ground ............................................................................................................................... 18
3.4.2 Fire during take-off........................................................................................................................ 18
3.4.3 Fire in flight .................................................................................................................................... 18
3.5 Glide........................................................................................................................................................ 19
3.6 Landing emergencies ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.6.1 Emergency landing........................................................................................................................ 19
3.6.2 Precautionary landing ................................................................................................................... 19
3.6.3 Landing with a flat tire .................................................................................................................. 20
3.6.4 Landing with a defective landing gear......................................................................................... 20
3.7 Recovery from unintentional spin ........................................................................................................ 20
3.8 Other emergencies ................................................................................................................................. 20
3.8.1 Vibration......................................................................................................................................... 20
3.8.2 Carburettor icing............................................................................................................................ 21
3.8.3 Alternator or power supply failure .............................................................................................. 21
4. Normal procedures ...................................................................................................................................... 22
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 22
4.2 Pre-flight inspection............................................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Normal procedures ................................................................................................................................ 25
4.3.1 Before entering cockpit.................................................................................................................. 25
date of issue: 28.4.2010

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4.3.2 After entering cockpit .................................................................................................................... 25

4.3.3 Before engine starting and Engine starting .................................................................................. 25
4.3.4 Engine warm up, Engine check .................................................................................................... 26
4.3.5 Taxiing ............................................................................................................................................ 26
4.3.6 Before take-off ................................................................................................................................ 27
4.3.7 Take-off .......................................................................................................................................... 28
4.3.8 Climb .............................................................................................................................................. 28
4.3.9 Cruise ............................................................................................................................................. 29
4.3.10 Descent ........................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.11 Check before landing..................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.12 On base leg ..................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.13 On final ........................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.14 Landing .......................................................................................................................................... 30
4.3.15 Balked landing ............................................................................................................................... 30
4.3.16 After landing .................................................................................................................................. 30
4.3.17 Engine shutdown........................................................................................................................... 30
4.3.18 Flight in rain................................................................................................................................... 30
5. Performance ................................................................................................................................................. 31
5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 31
5.2 Performance ........................................................................................................................................... 31
5.2.1 Airspeed indicator system calibration.......................................................................................... 31
5.2.2 Stall speeds ..................................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.3 Take-off performance .................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.4 Landing .......................................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.5 Climb performance ........................................................................................................................ 32
5.3 Additional information.......................................................................................................................... 33
5.3.1 Cruise ............................................................................................................................................. 33
5.3.2 Demonstrated crosswind performance ........................................................................................ 33
6. Weight and Balance ..................................................................................................................................... 34
6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 34
6.2 Permitted payload range ....................................................................................................................... 34
6.2.1 Weight limitations ......................................................................................................................... 34
6.2.2 C.G. calculation .............................................................................................................................. 34
7. Aeroplane and Systems Description........................................................................................................... 36
7.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 36
7.2 Airfram ................................................................................................................................................... 36
7.2.1 Fuselage .......................................................................................................................................... 36
7.2.2 Wing ............................................................................................................................................... 36
7.2.3 Horizontal Tail Unit (HTU)........................................................................................................... 36
7.3 Instrument panels and controls in the cockpit ..................................................................................... 37
7.4 Landing gear .......................................................................................................................................... 38
7.5 Seats and Safety harness ........................................................................................................................ 38
7.6 Baggage compartment ........................................................................................................................... 38
7.7 Canopy.................................................................................................................................................... 38
7.8 Engine ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
7.9 Fuel system ............................................................................................................................................. 38
7.10 Electrical system ............................................................................................................................ 39
7.11 Pitotstatic system ........................................................................................................................... 39
8. Aeroplane handling, servicing and maintenance ...................................................................................... 40
8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 40
8.2 Aeroplane inspection periods ............................................................................................................... 40
8.3 Aeroplane alterations or repairs ........................................................................................................... 40
8.4 Ground handling / Road transport ...................................................................................................... 40
8.4.1 Towing ........................................................................................................................................... 40

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8.4.2 Parkin ............................................................................................................................................. 41

8.4.3 Tying-Down ................................................................................................................................... 41
8.4.4 Jacking ............................................................................................................................................ 41
8.4.5 Road transport ............................................................................................................................... 42
8.4.6 Aeroplane Assembly ..................................................................................................................... 42
8.4.7 Aeroplane Disassembly................................................................................................................. 42
8.5 Cleaning and care................................................................................................................................... 43
9. Supplements ................................................................................................................................................. 44
9.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 44
9.2 List of inserted supplements ................................................................................................................. 44
9.3 Supplements inserted ............................................................................................................................ 45

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VL – 3B-3
1. General
1.1 Introduction
This Flight Manual provides information useful for the safe and efficient operation of
VL-3B aeroplane.
It also contains supplemental data supplied by the aeroplane manufacturer.
1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes

The following definitions apply to warnings, cautions and notes in the flight manual.
Warning
Means that the non-observation of the
corresponding procedure leads to an immediate or
important degradation of the flight safety.
Caution
Means that the non-observation of the
corresponding procedure leads to a minor or to a long
term degradation of the flight safety.
Note
Draws the attention of any special item not
directly related to safety but which is important or
unusual.

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1.3 Descriptive data
1.3.1 Aeroplane description

VL-3B airplane is intended for recreational and cross-country flying. It is not approved for
aerobatic operation.
VL-3B is a single engine, composite aeroplane with two side-by-side seats. The aeroplane is
equipped with fixed tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel. The fuselage is a carbon
shell with carbon/kevlar seats integrated
The wing is a monospar construction with a sandwich skin composed of two layers of
carbon and special foam. Control surfaces and empennage is of the same construction.
The aeroplane is controlled by dual push-pull control system, only rudder drive is
controlled by cable. The ailerons and elevator are controlled by the control stick located between
the pilot's legs (co-pilot's). The rudder is controlled by the rudder pedals, flaps are manyally
operated by a control lever located between the pilots on the fuselage main spar.

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1.3.2 Basic Technical data

Wing
span ……………………………………… 8,44 m
area of wing ……………………………. 9,8 m2
M.A.C. ………………………………… 1,236 m
loading ………………………………… 46 kg/m2
Ailerons
area …………………………………………… 0.207 m2
Flaps
area …………………………………………… 0.8 m2
Fuselage
length ..…………………………………………… 6,2 m
width ………………………………………………1.15 m
height …………………………………………….. 1,5 m
Horizontal tail unit

span …………………………………………… 2.68 m
area …………………………………………… 1.69 m2
elevátor area …………….. ………………..... 0.73 m2
Vertical tail unit

height …………………………………………… 1,03 m
area …………………………….……………….. 0.876 m2
rudder area …………………………………….. .0.309 m2
Landing gear
wheel track …………………………………………. 1.83 m
wheel base …………………………………………… 1.285 m
main wheel diameter ………………………………. 0.35 m
nose wheel diameter ……………………………….. 0.3 m

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1.4 Two-view drawing

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2. Limitations
2.1 Introduction
Section 2 includes Operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards
necessary for safe operation of the aeroplane, its engine, standard systems and standard
equipment.
2.2 Airspeed
Airspeed limitations and their operational significance are shown below:
IAS
Airspeed Remarks
[km/h]
Never exceed Do not exceed this
VNE 305
speed speed in any operation.
Do not make full or abrupt
control movement above
this speed, because under
Manoeuvring
VA 165 certain conditions the
speed
aircraft may be
overstressed by full control
movement.
Maximum Do not exceed this
structural speed except in smooth
VNO 210
cruising speed air, and then only with
caution.
Maximum flap Do not exceed this speed
VFE 120
extension speed with flaps extended
2.3 Airspeed indicator markings

Airspeed indicator markings and their colour-code significance are shown below:
Range or value
Marking Significance
[km/h IAS]
White Positive Flap
55-120
arc Operating Range
Green Normal Operating
75-210
arc Range
Manoeuvres must
Yellow be conducted with
210-305
arc caution and only in
smooth air.
Red Maximum speed for
305
line all operations.

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2.4 Powerplant
Engine Manufacturer : Bombardier-Rotax GMBH
Engine Model : Rotax 912 ULS
Power :
Max. Take - off : 73.5 kW / 100 hp
Max. Continuous : 69 kW / 95 hp @ 5500 rpm
Cruising : 66 kW / 90 hp @ 4800 rpm
Engine RPM :
Max. Take-off : 5800 ot/min max 5 mins
Max. Continuous : 5500 ot/min
Cruising : 4800 ot/min
Idling : 1400 ot/min
Cylinder head temperature:
Minimum : 60 °C
Maximum : 135 °C
Oil temperature:
Minimum : 50 °C
Maximum : 130 °C
Optoperating : 90 °C – 100 °C
Fuel pressure (if the fuel gauge and sensor are instaled) :
Minimum : 0,15 bar
Maximum : 0,4 bar
Fuel : viz. 2.13
Druh oleje (refer to engine Operator’s Manual).
Warning
This engine has not been certified as an aircraft
engine and its failure may occur at any time. The
pilot is fully responsible for consequences of such a
failure.

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2.5 Engine instrument markings
Normal
Minimum Caution Maximum
Function Operating
Limit Range Range
Range
Engine
speed 1400 1400-5500 5500-5800 5800
(RPM)
Cylinder
Head
Temperature 60 60-100 100-135 135
(CHT)
[°C]
Oil
Temperature 50 90-110 110-130 130
[°C]
Oil 7,0 cold
Pressure 1 1,5-5,0 5,0-7,0 engine
[bar] starting
2.6 Miscellaneous instrument marking

Fuel Level Indication
Left tank Right tank

Liter U.S.gallon Liter U.S.gallon
Full tank 44 11.6 44 11.6
3/4 32 8.4 30 7.9
1/2 23 6 21 5.5
1/4 10 2.6 9 2.4
Fuel warning light 8 2.1 7 1.8

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2.7 Weight
Empty weight (standard equipment) ….…… 303 kg
NOTE
Actual empty weight is stated in SECTION 6, par. 6.2
Max. take-off weight ………..……………………… 472 kg

Max landing weight …………..…………….……… 472 kg
Max. baggage weight ………..………………….…. 15 kg
2.8 Centre of gravity

Empty aeroplane C.G. position………………………….…. 17.6 %MAC.
Operating C.G. range …….…………………………………. 21 - 34 %MAC.
2.9 Approved manoeuvres

Aeroplane Category: NORMAL
The aeroplane is approved for Normal and Manoeuvres listed below:
- Steep turn not exceeding 60° bank
Warning
Aerobatics, intentional spins and stalls
are prohibited!

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2.10 Manoeuvring load factors
A D
4
3 Ude=15 m/s
Ude=7.5 m/s
Vne
1
n
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 V IAS [km/h] 350 400
Ude=-7.5 m/s
Ude=-15 m/s
-1
-2
G
-3

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2.11 Crew
Numer of seats………………………………………….. 2
minimum crew weight ……………………………… 65 kg
maximum crew weight ……………………………… see. 6.2
Warning
Never exceed Maximum Také-off Weight
2.12 Kinds of operation

Day VFR flights only.
2.13 Fuel
 automotive premium grade gasoline, leaded, according to DIN 516000,Ö-NORM C 1103
 EUROSUPER RON 95 unleaded accord. to DIN 51607,Ö-NORM 1100
 AVGAS 100 LL
 Due to higher lead content in AVGAS, the wear of valve seats and deposits in the combustion
chamber will increase. Therefore, use AVGAS only if other fuel types are not available.
(Refer to the Rotax 912S Series Engine Operating Manual for

limitations and recommendations relating to fuel grades used)
2.14 Other limitations
 No smoking aboard the aeroplane.

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2.15 Limitation placards
Caution
The owner (aeroplane operating agency) of
this aeroplane is responsible for placards readability
during aeroplane service life.
EMPTY WEIGHT 303 kg

MAX. TAKÉ-OFF WEIGHT 472 kg
MIN. CREW WEIGHT 65 kg
MAX. BAGGAGE WEIGHT 15 kg
NEVER EXCEED SPEED VNE= 305 Km/h

MANOEURING SPEED VA = 165 Km/h
DESIGN CRUISING SPEED VC = 210 Km/h
MAX. FLAP EXTENSION SPEED VFE = 120 Km/h
STALL SPEED VS0 = 55 Km/h

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3. Emergency procedures
3.1 Introduction
Section 3 provides checklist and amplified procedures for coping with emergencies that
may occur.
Emergencies caused by aeroplane or engine malfunctions are extremely rare if proper pre-
flight inspections and maintenance are practised.
However, should an emergency arise, the basic guidelines described in this section should
be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem.
.
3.2 Engine failure

3.2.1 Engine failure during take-off run
1. Throttle - retard to idle

2. Ignition - off
3.2.2 Engine failure immediately after take-off

1. Speed - gliding at 100km/h ( 55 kts)
2. Altitude - below 50m (165 ft): land in take-off direction
- over 50m (165 ft): choose landing area
3. Wind - evaluate direction and velocity
4. Landing area - choose free area without obstacles,
into wind
5. Flaps - extend as needed
6. Fuel valve - off
7. Ignition - off
8. Safety harness - tighten
9. Master switch - switch off before landing
10. Land
Note
Skip 6-10 if necessary.

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3.2.3 Engine failure in flight (Forced landing)

1. Speed - gliding at 100km/h (55 kts)
2. Altitude - below 50m (165 ft): land in take-off direction
- over 50m (165 ft): choose landing area
3. Wind - evaluate direction and velocity
4. Landing area - choose free area without obstacles
5. Flaps - extend as needed
6. Fuel valve - off
7. Ignition - off
9. Master switch - off before landing
10. Land
3.3 In-Flight start

1. Speed - gliding at 120km/h (65 kts)
2. Altitude - check
3. Landing area - choose according to altitude (safest area)
4. Master switch - on
5. Fuel valve - open
6. Choke - as necessary (for cold engine)
7. Throttle - for 1/3 power
8. Ignition - on
9. Starter - engage

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3.4 Smoke and fire
3.4.1 Fire on ground

1. Fuel valve - off
2. Throttle - full
3. Master switch - off
4. Ignition - off
5. Abandon the aeroplane
6. Extinguish fire if possible or call fire department.
3.4.2 Fire during take-off

1. Fuel valve - off
2. Throttle - full
3. Speed - 120km/h (65 kts)
5. Ignition - off
6. Land and brake
3.4.3 Fire in flight

1. Fuel valve - off
2. Throttle - full
4. Ignition - off after using up fuel in carburettors
and engine stopping
5. Choose of area - heading to the nearest airport or choose
emergency landing area
6. Emerg. landing - perform according to par.3.6.1
Note
Estimated time to pump fuel out of carburettors is
of 30 sec.

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3.5 Glide
Gliding may be used in case of engine failure.
1. Speed - ~110km/h (60 kts)
2. Flaps - retracted
3. Instruments - within permitted limits
3.6 Landing emergencies
3.6.1 Emergency landing
1. An emergency landing may be carried out due to engine failure and when the engine
cannot be restarted.
3. Trim - trim the aeroplane
5. Flaps - as needed
6. COMM - if installed - report your location if it is
possible
7. Fuel valve - off
8. Ignition - off
3.6.2 Precautionary landing

A precautionary landing may be carried out due to low fuel and/or bad weather
conditions.
1. Choose landing area, determine wind direction
2. If a COMM is installed - report your plan to land and land area location to nearest ATC
3. Perform low-altitude passage into wind over the right-hand side of the chosen area with
flaps extended to the take-off position at a speed of 110km/h (60 kts) to thoroughly
inspect the area
4. Perform flight around the chosen area
5. Perform an approach at increased idling with fully extended flaps
6. Reduce power to idle when over the runway threshold and touch-down at the very
beginning of the chosen area
7. After stopping the aeroplane switch off all switches, shut off the fuel valve, lock the
aeroplane and look for a help

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Note
Watch the chosen area continuously during
precautionary landing.
3.6.3 Landing with a flat tire

1. Approach - Normal
2. Touch down - good tire first, keep the damaged wheel
above ground as long as possible using
ailerons
3. Maintain the direction at landing run, applying braking control
3.6.4 Landing with a defective landing gear

1. If the main landing gear is damaged, perform touch-down at the Lowest speed possible
and maintain direction during landing run, if possible
2. If the nose wheel is damaged perform touch-down at the lowest speed possible and hold
the nose wheel off the runway by means of the elevator control as long as it is possible
3.7 Recovery from unintentional spin

There is no tendency of spontaneous uncontrollable spin entry if normal pilot techniques
are used.
Warning
Intentional spins are prohibited !
Should an inadvertent spin occur, the following recovery procedure should be used:
1. Throttle - retard to idle
2. Control stick - hold ailerons neutralized
3. Rudder pedals - apply full opposite rudder
4. Control stick - forward elevator control
as required to break the spin
5. Rudder pedals - immediately after the stopping
of a rotation neutralise the rudder
6. Recover from dive
3.8 Other emergencies

3.8.1 Vibration
If vibrations appear::
1. Set engine speed to power setting where the vibrations are the lowest.
2. Land at the nearest airfield or perform a precautionary landing according to 3.6.2

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3.8.2 Carburettor icing

Carburettor icing mostly occurs when getting into an area of ice formation. The carburettor
icing shows itself through a decrease in engine power and an increase of engine temperatures.
To recover the engine power, the following procedure is recommended:

2. Throttle - set for 1/3 power
3. If possible, leave the icing area
4. Gradually increase the engine power to cruise conditions
after 1-2 minutes.
If you fail to recover the engine power, land at the nearest airfield (if possible) or depending
on circumstance, execute a precautionary landing according to 3.6.2
3.8.3 Alternator or power supply failure

1. Switch off all electrical instruments which are not important for flight.
2. Land at the soonest

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4. Normal procedures
4.1 Introduction
Section 4 provides checklist and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal operation.
4.2 Pre-flight inspection

The pre-flight inspection is very important because an incomplete or careless inspection could
allow aeroplane failure. The following pre-flight inspection procedure is recommended by the
aeroplane Manufacturer:
 Check if ignition is switched off in the cockpit
1. Wing
 Wing surface condition
 Leading edge condition
 check if the flap and aileron controls are correctly connected

 pitot-static tube condition
2. Wing tips
 Surface condition
 Check of tips attachment
 Condition and attachment of position lights (if installed)

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3. Aileron
 Attachment
 Play
4. Flap
 Attachment
 Play
5. Fuselage rear
6. Vertical tail unit

 Play
 Free movement
7. Horizontal tail
 Attachment
 Play
 Free movement
 check if the elevator and trim tab controls are correctly connected
8. see. 5
9. see. 4
10. see. 3
11. see. 2
12. see. 1
13. Landing gear

 Check of main and nose landing gear attachment
 nose wheel steering

 Condition and inflation of tires
 Condition and attachment of wheel fairings

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14. Engine
 Engine cowlings condition
 Engine mount condition
 Engine attachment check
 Turn propeler until gurgling sound is heard and then check the oil. (usually 20-30 lades station)
 Fuel and Electrical system visual check
 Fuel system drain
Caution
It is advisable to turn the propeller by hand with ignition
off if the engine has been out of operation for a long time.
Avoid excessive pressure on a blade tip and trailing edge.
.
15. Propeller
 Propeller attachment
 Blades, Hub, Spinner condition
16. Cockpit
 Ignition - OFF
 Switch box - OFF
 Master switch - OFF
 Instruments - check of condition
 Fuel gauge - fuel quantity check (for fuel quantity check switch on Switch box
and Master switch, then switch off!)
 Controls - visual check

- check for proper function
- check for play in each kontrol circuit
- check of flaps extension

- check of free movement up to the stops
 Check for loose items - secure papers
 Canopy - Condition of attachment, cleanliness

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4.3 Normal procedures
4.3.1 Before entering cockpit

1. Aeroplane surface - check of covers and caps
2. Cockpit - items inside the cockpit
3. Ignition - OFF
4. Master switch - OFF
4.3.2 After entering cockpit

1. Rudder control - free movement check - Correct?
2. Brakes - check of function
3. Control Stick - free movement check - Correct?
4. Trim - check control movement
5. Flaps - check of function
6. Engine controls - throttle and choke lever movement
7. Fuel valve - OFF
8. Fuel gauge - fuel quantity check
9. Switch box - OFF
10. Circuit breakers - OFF
11. Ignition - OFF
12. Instruments, COMM- condition check
13. Safety harness - check of integrity and attachment
14. Cockpit - condition and canopy lock function
4.3.3 Before engine starting and Engine starting

1. Fuel valve - ON
2. Master swich - Batt & Alt ON
3. Circuit breakers - in
4. Throttle - set for idling
5. Choke - according to engine temperature
6. Control stick - fully pulled
7. Check of free area - clear
8. Master switch - ON
9. Ignition - ON
10. brakes - fully applied
11. Starter - engage

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12. After starting - set throttle to idle

13. Oil pressure - within 10 sec. min. pressure
14. Choke - OFF
15. Engine warm - according to 4.4.4
Caution
The starter should be activated for max.10 sec., then 2
min. pause for engine cooling.
After engine starting adjust the throttle for smooth
running at 1 500 rpm. Check oil pressure which should
increase within 10 sec. Increase engine speed after oil
pressure reaches2 bars and is steady.
Only one magneto should be switched on (off) during
ignition magneto check.
4.3.4 Engine warm up, Engine check

Lock the main wheels by means of wheel chocks before engine check. Refer to the Engine
Manual for warming .
Set max. power.
Check acceleration from idling to max. power. If necessary cool the engine prior to its
shutdown.
Caution
Engine check should be performed with the aeroplane
pointing upwind and not on loose terrain (the propeller
will pick up debris which can damage the propeller).
4.3.5 Taxiing
The maximum recommended taxiing speed is15km/h ( 8 kts). The direction of taxiing can
be controlled by the steer able nose wheel and rudder or by brakes.

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4.3.6 Before take-off

1. Brakes - fully applied
2. Rudder control - check of free movement
3. Hand control - check of free movement
4. Trim - neutral position
5. Flaps - "15°" position
6. Engine controls - choke off
7. Fuel valve - open
8. Fuel gauge - fuel quantity check
9. Circuit breakers - in
10. Instruments, COMM, - within limits, frequency set
11. Safety harness - secured and tightened
12. Cockpit - canopy condition, lock

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4.3.7 Take-off
Gradually increase the throttle (max. power) to set the aeroplane into motion.
The direction of take-off run can be controlled by steer able nose wheel and rudder.
Slightly pull the stick to lift the nose wheel. The aeroplane takes-off at a speed above 70km/h (38
kts), then slightly push forward the stick to reach climb speed of 110km/h (60 kts). Refer to the par.
5.2.5 for optimum climb speed. Max. flaps extended speed is 120km/h (65 kts).
Warning
The Take-off is prohibited if:
 The engine run is unsteady
 The engine instruments values are beyond operational
limits
 The engine choke is on
 The crosswind velocity exceeds permitted limits. 5.3.3
4.3.8 Climb
1. Throttle - Max. Continuous Power
3. Trim - adjust as needed to reduce stick pressure
4. 5. Instruments - CHT, Oil temp. and pressure within limits.
Caution
If cylinder head or oil temperature exceed limits, reduce the
angle of climb to increase airspeed and allow better
cooling..

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4.3.9 Cruise
The aeroplane flight characteristics are very forgiving within permitted limits of airspeeds,
configurations and C/G range. The aeroplane can be controlled very easily. Refer to the Section 5
par. 5.3.1.
4.3.10 Descent
1. Throttle - idling
3. Trim - as necessary to reduce
stick pressure
4. Instruments - within limits
Caution
When on long final or descending from a very high altitude,
it is not advisable to reduce the engine Throttle control
lever to idle. The engine becomes overcooled and a loss of
power occurs. When descending, apply increased idle so
that engine instrument readings stay within the limits for
normal use.
.
4.3.11 Check before landing
1. Fuel - fuel quantity check
2. Safety harness - tightened
3. Brakes - check function
4. Trim - adjust as required
5. Landing area check - runway
- Base leg
4.3.12 On base leg
2. Flaps - extend to "15°“ position
4. Throttle - as necessary
4.3.13 On final
1. Speed - 90-100km/h (50 - 55 kts)
2. Flaps - „55°“ or „38° “ position
4. Throttle - as necessary

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4.3.14 Landing
The airspeed during final is slowly reduced, so that the touch down speed is about
65km/h (35 Kts.)
Gradually pull the stick after touch down to hold the nose wheel up as long as possible.
Push the control stick forward when the nose wheel touches. The landing run can be shortened by
braking.
4.3.15 Balked landing

1. Throttle - full
2. Engine speed - Full Throttle
3. Flaps - set at the "15°" position
at a speed of 90km/h (50 kts)
4. Trim - as necessary
5. Flaps - retract at a height of 50m (165 m)
6. Trim - as necessary
7. Engine speed - Max. cont. power
9. Climb - at 120km/h (65 kts)
4.3.16 After landing

1. Engine speed - set as necessary for taxiing
2. Flaps - retracted and locked
3. Trim - neutral position
4.3.17 Engine shutdown

1. Engine speed -idling
2. Instruments - engine instruments within limits
3. COMM + intercom - OFF
4. Ignition - OFF
5. Circuit breakers - OFF
6. Master switch - OFF
7. Switch box - turn the key to switch off
8. Fuel valve - OFF
4.3.18 Flight in rain

When flying in the rain, no additional steps are required. Aeroplane qualities and
performance are not substantially changed

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VL – 3B-3
5. Performance
5.1 Introduction
Section 5 provides approved data for airspeed calibration, stall speeds and take-off
performance and additional information.
The data in the charts has been computed from actual flight tests with the aeroplane and
engine in good condition and using average piloting techniques.
If not stated otherwise the performance data given in this section is valid for max. takeoff
weight and under International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions
5.2 Performance
5.2.1 Airspeed indicator system calibration
IAS EAS
[km/h] [km/h]
57 65
70 78
80 87
100 108
120 125
140 142
160 160
180 179
200 198
220 218
240 238
260 258
280 278
300 297
305 302

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5.2.2 Stall speeds
Stalling Speed
Flaps Engine
Stall IAS CAS
position Power
[km/h] [km/h]
RETRACTED idling 75 82
Wing
"TAKE-OFF“ idling 65 73
level stall
"LANDING“ idling 55 65
5.2.3 Take-off performance

Take-off distances stated in the following table are valid at sea level.
Take-off run Take-off distance over

distance 15m obstacle
[m] [m]
Grass 160 290
5.2.4 Landing
Landing distances stated in the following table are valid at sea level.
Landing
Landing run distance
distance over
(full braking)
15m obstacle
[m]
[m]
Grass 270 90
5.2.5 Climb performance

Best Rate-of-climb speed is 130km/h (65 kts) IAS, corresponding Rate of climb is 6m/s

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VL – 3B-3
5.3 Additional information

5.3.1 Cruise
Regime Economy Max. Max. Take-
Cruise Continuous Off Power
Power
Time unlimited unlimited max. 5 min.
limitation
Engine speed 4800 5500 5800
manifold
pressure 24 27 27.5
[inHg]
IAS
185 235 250
[km/h]
5.3.2 Demonstrated crosswind performance

Max. permitted cross wind velocity for take-off and landing 5m/s
Max. permitted head wind velocity for take-off and landing 8m/s

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VL – 3B-3
6. Weight and Balance

6.1 Introduction
This sections contains the payload range within which the VL-3 aeroplane may be safely
operated.
Procedures for weighing the aeroplane and the calculation method for establishing the
permitted payload range are contained in the Technical Description, Operating, Maintenance and
Repair Manual for VL-3 ultralight aeroplane.
6.2 Permitted payload range
6.2.1 Weight limitations
maximum take-off weight ……………………… 472 kg

Operating C.G. range …………………………….. 21 - 34 %MAC
6.2.2 C.G. calculation

Empty weight (see 2.7) mpr [kg]
Pilot weight mp1 [kg]
Copilot weight mp2 [kg]
Fuel quantity vp [litr]
Baggage weight mz [kg]
C.G. of empty airplane (see 2.8) xbsat [%]
Wing leading edge position xNH = 540 mm
M.A.C. displacement xSAT = 68 mm
M.A.C. bSAT = 1236 mm
Weight m = mpr+mp1+mp2+vp*0,725+mz
C.G. position
 x b 
m pr   bsat sat   m p1  682  m p 2  682  vp  0.725  215  m z  1467
x  100 
m
x
xt   100
bSAT
Example
Empty weight mpr = 301kg
Pilot weight mp1 = 100 kg
Copilot weight mp2 = 0 kg
Fuel quantity vp = 45 litrů
Baggage weight mz = 10 kg
C.G. of empty airplane xbsat = 17.1 % bsat

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VL – 3B-3
Weight
m = mpr+mp1+mp2+vp*0,725+mz = 301+100+0+45*0,725+10 = 443,6kg
C.G. position
 x b 
m pr   bsat sat   m p1  682  m p 2  682  vp  0.725  215  m z  1467
x  100 
m
 17.1  1236 
301     100  682  0  682  45  0.725  215  10  1467
 100 
x  346mm
443.6
x 346
xt   100   100  28%bSAT
bSAT 1236
Warning
If C.G. position and take-off weight are not in operating range

(see 6.2.1.) Do not fly !
The Center of the Gravity must be inside operating range (see

6.2.1.) during the whole flight!

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VL – 3B-3
7. Aeroplane and Systems Description

7.1 Introduction
This section provides description and operation of the aeroplane and its system.
Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of optional systems and equipment.
7.2 Airfram
VL-3 airframe is all-carbonfibre monocoque airframe
7.2.1 Fuselage
All composite sandwich construction.
7.2.2 Wing
The composite wing has one main spar with carbon flanges, no ribs; the stressed skin is of
sandwich construction with a foam core.
7.2.3 Horizontal Tail Unit (HTU)

HTU has same construction like wing.

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VL – 3B-3
7.3 Instrument panels and controls in the cockpit
1 Rudder pedals 16 Garmin 496

2 Control stick 17 12V socket
3 Flaps control 18 Verical speed indicator
4 Throttle 19 Circuit breakers
5 Trim control 20 Rescue parachute
6 Fuel tanks valve 21 Parking brake
7 Choke 22 Fuel indicators
8 Heating + ventilation 23 Turn-indicator
9 Magnetos+starter 24 Tachometer
10 Charging pilot-light 25 Altimeter
11 Baterry switch 26 Compass
12 Airspeed indicator 27 Head of cylinder thermometer
13 Switches 28 Oil thermometer
14 Comm 29 Oil pressure gauge
15 Transponder

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VL – 3B-3
7.4 Landing gear
The plane has a tricycle retractable landing gear with a nose wheel. The main fibreglass
legs, main wheel size 350x100, hydraulically operated brakes. The steer able nose wheel of 300 x
100 size has a shock absorber and is controlled by the rudder pedále
Recommended pressure:
- main wheels 1,6 ± 0,1 atm (bar)
- nose wheel 1,6 ± 0,1 atm (bar)
7.5 Seats and Safety harness

The seats and back rests are formed by a composite skeleton covered with upholstery. Four
points safety harness with a central lock
7.6 Baggage compartment

Baggage compartment is space behind seats.
7.7 Canopy
Canopy is made from the clear Plexiglas. The canopy frame is formed by a composite
profile. The canopy is tilted forvard.
7.8 Engine
There is installed Rotax 912 engine in VL-3B airplane.
Rotax 912 is 4-stroke, 4 cylinder horizontally opposed, spark ignition engine .
7.9 Fuel system

The main fuel tanks are an integral part of the wings, a fuel quantity sensor is located
inside the wing. Further a coarse filter, fuel valve, and fine filter are parts of the fuel system.
For draing use blow down valve located on the bottom of the wing.

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VL – 3B-3
7.10 Electrical system
7.11 Pitotstatic system

The pitotstatic system consists of a Prandtl tube under the wing.
Keep the system clear to assure its correct function. If water gets inside the system
disconnect hoses from the instruments and slightly blow into the system.

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VL – 3B-3
8. Aeroplane handling, servicing and maintenance

8.1 Introduction
This section contains factory-recommended procedures for proper ground handling and
servicing of the aeroplane.
It also identifies certain inspection and maintenance requirements which must be followed
if the aeroplane is to retain that new-plane performance and dependability.
It is wise to follow a planned schedule of lubrication and preventive maintenance based on
climatic and flying conditions encountered.
8.2 Aeroplane inspection periods

Refer to the Operating, Maintenance and Repair Manual for VL-3 aeroplane for more
details about periodical inspections.
8.3 Aeroplane alterations or repairs

It is essential that the aeroplane manufacturer be contacted prior to any alternations on the
aeroplane to ensure that airworthiness of the aeroplane is not compromised
If the aeroplane weight is affected by an alternation, a new weight and balance will be
necessary. A revised "Weight and Balance Record / Permitted payload range" and Placard "LOAD
LIMITS" must be filled out and attached to the aeroplane.
8.4 Ground handling / Road transport
8.4.1 Towing
It is easy to tow the aeroplane a short distance by holding the blade root because the
empty weight of this aeroplane is relatively low.
Suitable surfaces to hold the aeroplane airframe are the rear part of the fuselage before the
fin and wing roots“
Caution
Avoid excessive pressure at the aeroplane airframe -
especially at the wing tips, elevator, rudder, trim etc.
Caution
Handle the propeller by holding the blade root - never the
blade tip! If starting the engine manually - always handle
the propeller on a blade surface i.e. do not hold only an
edge

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VL – 3B-3
8.4.2 Parkin
It is advisable to parking the aeroplane inside a hangar or eventually inside other weather
proof space (such as a garage) with a stable temperature, good ventilation, low humidity and dust-
free environment.
It is necessary to tie-down the aeroplane when parking outside.
When the plane must be tied-down outdoors for extended periods, it is advisable to cover
the cockpit canopy, and if possible, the entire aeroplane using a suitable cover.
8.4.3 Tying-Down
The aeroplane is usually tied-down after a flight day or when needed. The tying-down is
necessary to protect the aeroplane against possible damage caused by wind gusts.
For reason the aeroplane is equipped with tie-down strips on the wing tips and tail.
Procedure: :
- Check: Fuel valve off, Circuit breakers and Master switch off, Switch box off.
- Block the control stick up e.g. by means of safety harness
- Close and lock cockpit
- Shut all the ventilation windows
- Tie-down the aeroplane to the ground by means of the strips. It is also necessary to tie-
down the fuselage rear and nose wheel landing gear (lace a rope through the wheel and
fork).
Note
It is advisable to cover cockpit canopy, if possible the whole
aeroplane, by means of a suitable covering material
attached to the airframe for long term outside parking.
8.4.4 Jacking
Because the empty weight of this aeroplane is relatively low it is easy to lift the aeroplane
using 2 persons.
First prepare two suitable jacks to support the aeroplane.
The aeroplane should be lifted by the following parts:
- Press-down on the rear of the fuselage in front of the fin to lift the front and then support
under the firewall.
- To jack the rear of the fuselage grab the fuselage near the auxiliary tail skid, lift it upward
and support.
To lift the wings, push on the wings lower surface at the main spar. Do not lift by the wing
tips

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VL – 3B-3
8.4.5 Road transport

The aeroplane may be transported in a suitable trailer. It is necessary to dismantle
aeroplane before loading.
8.4.6 Aeroplane Assembly

Refer to the Operating, Maintenance and Repair Manual for VL-3
8.4.7 Aeroplane Disassembly

Refer to the Operating, Maintenance and Repair Manual for VL-3

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VL – 3B-3
8.5 Cleaning and care

Use cleaning detergents to clean aeroplane surface. Oil spots on aeroplane surface (except
the canopy!) may be cleaned with appropriate degreasers.
The canopy clean should be cleaned only by washing it with lukewarm water and mild
detergents, using clean, soft cloth sponge or deerskin. Then use suitable polishers to clean the
canopy.
Caution
Never clean the canopy under "dry" conditions (it will
scratch) and never use gasoline or chemical solvents!
Upholstery and covers may be removed from the cockpit, brushed or washed in lukewarm
water with mild detergents. Dry the upholstery before reinstalling inside the cockpit.
Caution
For long term storage cover the canopy to protect the
cockpit interior from the direct sunshine..

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VL – 3B-3
9. Supplements
9.1 Introduction
This section contains the appropriate supplements necessary to safely and efficiently
operate the aeroplane when equipped with various optional systems and equipment not provided
with the standard aeroplane.
9.2 List of inserted supplements

Date Title of inserted supplement

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VL – 3B-3
9.3 Supplements inserted

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Flight Manual For Aeroplane VL - 3B-3: Registration Number: Serial Number: VL-3-71 Date: 28.4.2010

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0. Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................................2

date of issue: 28.4.2010

4.3.2 After entering cockpit .................................................................................................................... 25

date of issue: 28.4.2010

8.4.2 Parkin ............................................................................................................................................. 41

date of issue: 28.4.2010

1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes

date of issue: 28.4.2010

1.3 Descriptive data

1.3.1 Aeroplane description

date of issue: 28.4.2010

1.3.2 Basic Technical data

Horizontal tail unit

Vertical tail unit

date of issue: 28.4.2010

1.4 Two-view drawing

date of issue: 28.4.2010

2.3 Airspeed indicator markings

date of issue: 28.4.2010

date of issue: 28.4.2010

2.5 Engine instrument markings

2.6 Miscellaneous instrument marking

Left tank Right tank

date of issue: 28.4.2010

Max. take-off weight ………..……………………… 472 kg

Max. baggage weight ………..………………….…. 15 kg

2.8 Centre of gravity

Operating C.G. range …….…………………………………. 21 - 34 %MAC.

2.9 Approved manoeuvres

date of issue: 28.4.2010

2.10 Manoeuvring load factors

date of issue: 28.4.2010

2.12 Kinds of operation

(Refer to the Rotax 912S Series Engine Operating Manual for

2.14 Other limitations

 No smoking aboard the aeroplane.

date of issue: 28.4.2010

2.15 Limitation placards

EMPTY WEIGHT 303 kg

NEVER EXCEED SPEED VNE= 305 Km/h

date of issue: 28.4.2010

3.2 Engine failure

1. Throttle - retard to idle

3.2.2 Engine failure immediately after take-off

date of issue: 28.4.2010

3.2.3 Engine failure in flight (Forced landing)

3.3 In-Flight start

date of issue: 28.4.2010

3.4 Smoke and fire

3.4.1 Fire on ground

3.4.2 Fire during take-off

3.4.3 Fire in flight

date of issue: 28.4.2010

3.6 Landing emergencies

3.6.1 Emergency landing

3.6.2 Precautionary landing

date of issue: 28.4.2010

3.6.3 Landing with a flat tire

3.6.4 Landing with a defective landing gear

3.7 Recovery from unintentional spin