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EAP-1-Agriculture (Reading Materials)
EAP-1-Agriculture (Reading Materials)
Reading Materials
B. Vocabulary
C. Exercise
D. Summary
E. Part of Speech
F. Tense review (Simple Present)
Figure 1.1 Horticulture products
A. Reading Materials
Agriculture refers to the production of
food and goods through farming and forestry.
on arable land and the pastoral herding of livestock on rangeland remain at the
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animal husbandry such as intensive cow farming (and similar practices applied to
the chicken) have similarly increased the output of meat. The more exotic varieties
In the 2000s, plants have been used to grow Fig. 1.3. Rice transplanting
vegetables, fruits, and meat. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw
materials include lumber and bamboo. Drugs include tobacco, alcohol, opium and,
cocaine.
include methane from biomass, ethanol, and biodiesel. Cut flowers, nursery plants,
tropical fish and birds for the pet trade are some of the ornamental products.
people worldwide. Despite the fact that agriculture employs over one-third of the
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world's population, agricultural production accounts for less than five percent of
the gross world product (an aggregate of all gross domestic products).
Overview
Until the Industrial Revolution, the vast majority of the human population labored
agricultural practices has occurred over the past century in response to new
nitrogen) of the developed world out to the developing world. Thomas Malthus
famously predicted that the Earth would not be able to support its growing
population, but technologies such as the Green Revolution have allowed the world to
produce a surplus of food. However, green revolution has caused bed effect to
environment.
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Cropping systems vary among farms depending
forests are burnt, releasing nutrients to support cultivation of annual and then
perennial crops for a period of several years. Then the plot is left fallow to regrow
forest, and the farmer moves to a new plot, returning after many more years (10-
20). This fallow period is shortened if population density grows, requiring the input
period. This requires even greater nutrient and pest control inputs. Further
large acreage. Due to the low biodiversity, nutrient use is uniform, and pests tend
to build up, necessitating the greater use of pesticides and fertilizers. Multiple
cropping, in which several crops are grown sequentially in one year, and
intercropping, when several crops are grown at the same time are other kinds of
(hybrids and GMO's). In the past few decades, a move towards sustainability in
conservation of resources and the environment within a farming system. This has
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including organic agriculture, urban agriculture, community supported agriculture,
dominant farming system. The last century has seen the intensification,
often used to help cultivate fields, harvest crops, wrangle other animals, and
transport farm products to buyers. Animal husbandry not only refers to the
breeding and raising of animals for meat or to harvest animal products (like milk,
eggs, or wool), and pastures for continual basis, but also to the breeding and care
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based livestock production relies upon plant material such as shrubland, rangeland
Fig. 1.8 . Rice field ploughing crops. Approximately 68% of all agricultural land
upon feed from outside the farm, representing the de-linking of crop and livestock
production. In the U.S., 70% of the grain grown is fed to animals on feedlots.
Synthetic fertilizers are more heavily relied upon for crop production and manure
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B. VOCABULARY
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systems pertanaman ternak
cultivar kultivar manure Pupuk temperate
kandang Beriklim sedang
cultivate membudiday monoculture Pertanaman to produce menghasilkan
akan sejenis
Cut flowers, Bunga nutrient Unsure hara water buffalo kerbau
potong
C. Excercise
Look for simple Present and Past in your paragraph(s), either active or
passive sentences. Write down the pattern of the sentences!
The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers,………
S P (=V1+s) = Simple Present, Passive
In all of these environments perennial crops are grown (coffee, chocolate) and
S P (=V1+s)= Simple Present, Passive
systems are practiced such as agroforestry.
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C. Summary
text. For students, summarizing text book or a scientific article is really needed
key words of the reading materials can be written to summarize the reading. Then,
creating a flow chart to put the main points of the article is more suggested. It is
due to the fact that, it is easy to understand and memorize by looking at flow
chart.
Agriculture
(produces)
Foods Goods
? ? ?
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Please work in group!
Eg. Fertilizer = pupuk (unsur hara yang ditambahkan ke dalam tanah untuk menambah
ketersediaannya bagi pertumbuhan tanaman)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
D. Parts of Speech
sometimes completed by object (O) and adverb(s) (adv of place, time, or manner).
verb, however, not all of the verb(s) are the predicate. Then, the predicate can
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A sentence = S + P
A sentence = S + P + (O)
Exercise: Write your own sentences on spaces provided below! And identify the
subject & the predicate!
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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E. Tense Review : Present Tense
1. Active Voice
Tense Subject Predicate Object Time
signal
Present Simple I, We, They - V (I) + s
Present She, He, It - V (I)
Am Adj/
Are adverbs
is
Present I, Am
Progressive We, They Are V(I) +
She, He, It is ing
Present I, We, They have V (III)
Perfect She, He, It has
Present I, We, They Have been
Perfect She, He, It has V (I) +
Progressive ing
2. Passive Voice
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4. Examples of Active or Passive statement in Different Tenses
3. Future She will buy a book A book will be bought (by her)
6. Future Progressive She will be buying a book A book will be being bought
9. Future Perfect She will have bought a book A book will have been bought
10.Past Perfect Progressive I had been buying a book A book had been being bought
11.Present perfect Progressive He has been buying a book A book has been being bought
12.Future perfect Progressive He will have been buying a book A book will have been being b
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