Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Basic Calculus: Quarter 3 - Module 3

    Uploaded by

    Norman Lo
    160 views12 pages

    Original Title

    BASIC CAL - W3

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    160 views12 pages

    Basic Calculus: Quarter 3 - Module 3

    Uploaded by

    Norman Lo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    12

    BASIC CALCULUS
    Quarter 3 – Module 3
    THE CONTINUITY OF FUNCTION:
    a Point and on an Interval
    Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
    Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
    the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
    may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

    Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
    included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted
    to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
    publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

    Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad


    Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

    Development Team of the Module

    Writers: Raul Aliven Mallapre, Teacher II – Rizal National HS


    Editors:
    Reviewers: Joy G. Cabrera, Amy B. Dumail
    Illustrator: Name
    Layout Artist: Name
    BASIC CALCULUS
    Quarter 3 – Module 3
    THE CONTINUITY OF FUNCTIONS:
    a Point and an Interval
    (Time Frame: 4 hours)

    To the Learner
    The learners demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of the continuity of a
    function. They shall be able to formulate and solve accurately real-life problems involving continuity
    of functions at a point and on an interval.

    The learner shall be able to:


    1. Illustrate continuity of a functions at a number;
    2. Determine whether a function in continuous at a number or not;
    3. Illustrate continuity of a function on an interval; and
    4. Solve problems involving continuity of a function.

    Vocabulary List

    Continuity at a Point
     Intuitively, this means that in drawing the graph of a function, the point in question will be
    traversed.
     Geometrically, a continuous function is one whose graph can be drawn without lifting a pen
    from the paper.
     A function that is discontinuous at a point has a graph with a break at that point.
    Let’s Try This

    Pre Test
    Directions: Answer what is asked below. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

    2.

    Study and Learn!

    Learning Activities
    Learners shall use the step-by-step discussion of the lesson with illustrative examples below.
    Limits and Continuity at a Point
    What does “continuity at a point” mean? Intuitively, this means that in drawing the graph of a
    function, the point in question will be traversed. We start by graphically illustrating what it means to
    be continuity at a point.
    Example 1. Consider the graph below.
    Is the function continuous at x = 1?
    Solution. To check if the function is continuous at x = 1, use the given graph. Note that one is able to
    trace the graph from the left side of the number x = 1 going to the right side of x = 1, without lifting
    one’s pen. This is the case here. Hence, we can say that the function is continuous at x = 1.

    Example 2. Consider the graph of the function g(x) below.

    Is the function continuous at x = 1?


    Solution. We follow the process in the previous example. Tracing the graph from the left of x = 1
    going to right of x = 1, one finds that s/he must lift her/his pen briefly upon reaching x = 1, creating a
    hole in the graph. Thus, the function is discontinuous at x = 1.

    3. Consider the graph of the function h(x) = 1/x.

    Is the function continuous at x = 0?


    Solution. If we trace the graph from the left of x = 0 going to right of x = 0, we have to lift our pen
    since at the left of x = 0, the function values will go downward indefinitely, while at the right of x =
    0, the function values will go to upward indefinitely. In other words, lim 1/ x = −∞ and lim 1/ x = ∞
    - +
    x→0 x→0

    Thus, the function is discontinuous at x = 0.


    Suppose we are not given the graph of a function but just the function itself. How do we determine if
    the function is continuous at a given number? In this case, we have to check three conditions.

    Example 4. Consider again the graph of the function h(x) = 1/x. Is the function continuous at x
    = 2?
    Solution. If we trace the graph of the function h(x) = 1/x from the left of x = 2 to the right of x = 2,
    you will not lift your pen. Therefore, the function h is continuous at x = 2.

    Example 5. Determine if f(x) = x3 + x2 −2 is continuous or not at x = 1.


    Solution. We have to check the three conditions for continuity of a function.
    (a) If x = 1, then f(1) = 0.
    (b) lim f(x) = lim (x3 + x2 −2) = 13 + 12 −2 = 0.
    x→1 x→1

    (c) f(1) = 0 = lim f(x).


    x→1

    Therefore, f is continuous at x = 1.

    Continuity on an Interval
    A function can be continuous on an interval. This simply means that it is continuous at every
    point on the interval. Equivalently, if we are able to draw the entire graph of the function on an
    interval without lifting our tracing pen, or without being interrupted by a hole in the middle of the
    graph, then we can conclude that the function is continuous on that interval.
    We begin our discussion with two concepts which are important in determining whether a
    function is continuous at the endpoints of closed intervals.
    Here are known facts on continuities of functions on intervals:

    Example 1. Consider the graph of the function f given below.

    Using the given graph, determine if the function f is continuous on the following intervals:
    (a) (−1,1) (b) (−∞,0) (c) (0,+∞)
    Solution. Remember that when we say “trace from the right side of x = c”, we are tracing not from x
    = c on the x-axis, but from the point (c, f(c)) along the graph.
    (a) We can trace the graph from the right side of x = −1 to the left side of x = 1 without lifting
    the pen we are using. Hence, we can say that the function f is continuous on the interval (−1,1).
    (b) If we trace the graph from any negatively large number up to the left side of 0, we will not
    lift our pen and so, f is continuous on (−∞,0).
    (c) For the interval (0,+∞), we trace the graph from the right side of 0 to any large number,
    and find that we will not lift our pen. Thus, the function f is continuous on (0,+∞).

    Example 2. Consider the graph of the function h below.


    Determine using the given graph if the function f is continuous on the following intervals:
    a. (−1,1) b. [0.5,2]
    Solution. Because we are already given the graph of h, we characterize the continuity of h by the
    possibility of tracing the graph without lifting the pen.
    (a) If we trace the graph of the function h from the right side of x = −1 to the left side of x = 1,
    we will be interrupted by a hole when we reach x = 0. We are forced to lift our pen just before we
    reach x = 0 to indicate that h is not defined at x = 0 and continue tracing again starting from the right
    of x = 0. Therefore, we are not able to trace the graph of h on (−1,1) without lifting our pen. Thus, the
    function h is not continuous on (−1,1).
    (b) For the interval [0.5,2], if we trace the graph from x = 0.5 to x = 2, we do not have to lift
    the pen at all. Thus, the function h is continuous on [0.5,2].

    Now, if a function is given without its corresponding graph, we must find other means to
    determine if the function is continuous or not on an interval. Here are definitions that will help us:

    Let’s Do This

    Directions: Answer what is asked.


    Practice Task 1
    x2 – x – 2
    Determine if f(x) = is continuous or not at x = 0.
    x–2
    Practice Task 2
    Determine the largest interval over which the function f(x) = √x + 2 is continuous.
    Practice Task 3
    x2 – x – 2
    Determine if f(x) = is continuous or not at x = 2.
    x–2
    x
    Determine the largest interval over which h(x) = is continuous.
    2
    x –2

    Let’s Do More
    Directions: Answer what is asked.
    Practice Task 1
    x + 1 if x < 4,
    1. Determine if f(x) = is continuous or not at x = 4.
    2
    (x – 4) + 3 if x ≥ 4

    Practice Task 2
    x if x < 0
    3 if 0 < x < 1,
    2. Consider the function g(x) = 3 – x2 if 1 < x < 4, Is g continuous on (0,1) on (4,∞)?
    x–3 if x > 4.

    Practice Task 3

    Let’s Try Harder


    Directions: Answer what is asked.
    Practice Task 1
    1.
    Practice Task 2
    2.

    Let’s Test Ourselves

    Post Test
    Directions: Answer what is asked in each problem below. Write your answer in a separate
    sheet of paper.

    1.

    2.

    Let’s Enrich Ourselves


    Assignment/Additional Activity

    References: DepEd Teacher’s Guide in Basic Calculus


    Paul Dawkins (2007), CALCULUS I (Practice Problems with Complete Solutions)

    ANSWER KEY
    (For teacher’s use ONLY)

    Pre Test
    1. Points discontinuity are x = - 4, x = 2, x = 4
    2. (a) Discontinuous at z = - 2 (b) Continuous at z = 0
    (c) Discontinuous at z = 5

    Let’s Do This
    Practice 1: Continuous at x = 0
    Practice 2: Continuous

    Practice 3: (a) Continuous at x = 2 (b) Continuous

    Let’s Do More
    Practice 1: Discontinuous at x = 4

    Practice 2: (a) Continuous on (0, 1) (b) Continuous on (4, ∞)

    Practice 3: (a) Continuous at x = - 1 (b) Continuous at x = 0


    (c) Discontinuous at x = 3

    Let’s Try Harder


    Practice 1: (a) Continuous at x = 4 (b) Discontinuous at x = 6

    Practice 2: (a) Continuous at t = - 2 (b) Continuous at x = 10


    Post Test
    1. Points of Discontinuity are x = - 8, x = - 2, x = 6
    2. (a) Discontinuous at x = - 6 (b) Continuous x = 1

    Assignment
    Continuous at a points x = 4/3 and x = - 2

    You might also like