BEC Micro Project

Micro-Project
Course :- Basic Electronic Program:CM2I

Academic year:-2019 to2020 Course Code:-22225 semester:-II
AmrutvahiniSheti and ShikshanVikasSanstha’s
AMRUTVAHINI POLYTECHNIC, SANGAMNER
Department of Information Technology
CERTIFICATE
This is to that the project Entitled
“build a full wave bridge rectifier for 9v, 500 mA output

current on the breadboard"
Is a benefited work carried out by

SR NO. NAME OF TEAM MEMBRS ROLL NO.
1 Ms.GITE TANISHKA BALASAHEB 25
2 Ms. GUNJAL PRERNA RAMESH 27

3 Ms. KHATEKAR SHRAVANI RAVINDRA 37
4 Ms. MANDLIK ANUSHKA SANTOSH 41
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the diploma in
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY(IF2I)
During the academic year 2019-2020
Prof. Gaikwad S V Prof. Chaudhari N K

(Project Guide) (HOD)
Index
Sr. No. Topic Page No.
1 Rationale 4
2 Aim/Benefit of micro project 4
3 Course outcome achieved 5
4 Literature review 5
5 Full wave rectifier 8
6 Procedure 5
7 Actual resources used 6
8 Result and conclusion 14
Skill developed / learning outcomes from this micro
9 project 22
10 Applications 21
 Rationale:-The rectifiers is an electronic circuit which is

use for converting AC supply into DC voltageor current.
 Aim/Benefit Of The Micro –Project:-To prepare
a report of full wave rectifier for 9v, 500 mA output current on
the breadboard.
 Course Outcome Achieved:-
CI203:1: Identify electronic components in electronics circuits.
CI203:2: Use diodes in different applications.
 Literature Review:-
An important application of thediode is one that takes place in the
design of the rectifier cicuit. Simply put, this circuit
 Actual methodology follows:-
1) Design the circuit diagram
2) Collect the information of required components
3) Testing the components
4) Connect the component as per circuit diagram on bread
board
5) Connect the primary side of transformer toac
 Actual resources used:-
Sr. Name of Resoures Used Specification Qunatity Remark
No
1. Transformer 220/12V 1
AC,500mA
2. CRO 30 MHz 1
3. Diode IN 4007 5
4. Resistor 10k,0.5 or .5 watt 1
5. Connecting wires 1
6. Zero PCB 1
Actual Project
Introduction:-An important application of thediode is one that
takes place in the design of the rectifier cicuit. Simply put, this circuit
converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This is an
essential circuit in AC-to-DC power-supply design.
Types of rectifier:-There are two main types of rectifier

1) Half wave rectifier
2) Full wave rectifier : -
a)full wave rectifier with centertapped transformer
b)bridge rectifier
 Project:-
1. Half Wave Rectifier
In Half Wave Rectifier, when AC supply is applied at the input, positive half
cycle appears across the load, whereas the negative half cycle is suppressed. This
can be done by using the semiconductor PN – junction diode. The diode allows the
current to flow only in one direction. Thus, convert the AC voltage into DC
voltage.
Circuit Diagram of Half Wave Rectifier
2. Full Wave Rectifier

In Full Wave Rectification, when the AC supply is applied at the input, during
both the half cycles (i.e., positive as well as negative) current flows through the
load in the same direction. This can be achieved by using two crystal diodes. The
two diodes conduct the current alternately.
To obtain the same direction of flow of current in the load resistors RL during
positive as well as the negative half cycle of input, the two circuits are used. They
are named as follows:-
 Centre tapped full wave rectifier

 Full wave bridge rectifier
a).Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

The Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier employs a transformer with the
secondary winding AB tapped at the centre point C. It converts the AC input
voltage into DC voltage The two diode D1, and D2 are connected in the circuit as
shown in the circuit diagram below.
Each diode uses one-half cycle of the input AC voltage. The diode D1 utilises the
AC voltage appearing across the upper half (AC) of the secondary winding for
rectification. The diode D2 uses the lower half (CB) of the secondary winding.
Operationof the Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

When AC supply is switched ON the alternating voltage, Vinappears across the
terminals AB of the secondary winding of the transformer. During the positive half
cycle of the secondary voltage, the end A becomes positive, and end B becomes
negative. Thus, the diode D1 becomes forward biased, and diode D2becomes
reversed biased.
The two diodes conduct simultaneously. Therefore, when the diode D1 conducts,
the diode D2 does not conduct and vice versa.
When the Diode D1 is conducting, the current (i) flows through the diode D1 load
resistor RL (from M to L) and the upper half of the secondary winding as shown in
the circuit diagram marked by the red colour arrow heads. During the negative half
cycle, the end B becomes positive and end A becomes negative. This makes the
diode D2 forward biased, and diode D1 reverse biased.
When the diode D2 conducts while the diode D1 does not. The current (i) flows
through the diode D2 load resistor RL (from M to L) and the lower half of the
secondary winding as shown by the red dotted arrows.
The current flowing through the load resistor RL is in the same direction (i.e., from
M to L) during both the positive as well as the negative half cycle of the input.
Hence, the DC output voltage (Vout = i RL) is obtained across the load resistor.
The wave diagram of the input voltage, the current flowing through the load and
the output voltage developed across the load is shown in the figure below.
Peak Inverse Voltage of Center Tapped Full Wave

Rectifier
The circuit diagram is shown below shows the instant when the secondary voltage
attains its maximum positive value.
At this instant, Vm developed in the upper half of the secondary winding of the
transformer will forward bias the diode D1. This diode conducts, and the current
flows through RL, developing Vm voltage across it.
The diode D2 at this instant is reverse biased, and the voltage was coming across it
is the sum of the maximum value of voltage developed by the lower half of the
secondary winding and the voltage developed across the load. Hence, the peak
inverse voltage across the diode D2 is 2 Vm.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Center Tapped Full

Wave Rectifier
 The main advantage is that the output and efficiency are high because an
AC supply delivers power during the both half cycles.
The Disadvantages of the Center tapped full wave

rectifier are as follows:-
 Each diode utilises only one-half of the voltage developed in the
transformer secondary, and thus the DC output obtained is small.
 It is difficult to locate the centre on the secondary for the tapping.
 The diode used must be capable of bearing high peak inverse voltage.
Because the peak inverse voltage coming across each diode is twice the
maximum voltage across the half of the secondary winding.
b).Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

In Full Wave Rectification, when the AC supply is applied at the input, during
both the half cycles (i.e., positive as well as negative) current flows through the
load in the same direction. This can be achieved by using two crystal diodes. The
two diodes conduct the current alternately.
To obtain the same direction of flow of current in the load resistors RL during
positive as well as the negative half cycle of input, the two circuits are used
In Full Wave Bridge Rectifier, an ordinary transformer is used in place of a

center tapped transformer. The circuit forms a bridge connecting the four diodes
D1, D2, D3, and D4. The circuit diagram of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier is shown
below.
The AC supply which is to be rectified is applied diagonally to the opposite ends

of the bridge. Whereas, the load resistor RL is connected across the remaining two
diagonals of the opposite ends of the bridge.
Operation of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

When an AC supply is switched ON, the alternating voltage Vinappears across the
terminals AB of the secondary winding of the transformer which needs
rectification. During the positive half cycle of the secondary voltage, the end A
becomes positive, and end B becomes negative as shown in the figure below.
The diodes D1 and D3 are forward biased and the diodes D2 and D4is reversed
biased. Therefore, diode D1 and D3 conduct and diode D2 and D4 does not conduct.
The current (i) flows through diode D 1, load resistor RL (from M to L), diode D3
and the transformer secondary. The waveform of the full wave bridge rectifier is
shown below.
During the negative half cycle, the end A becomes negative and end B positive as
shown in the figure below.
From the above diagram, it is seen that the diode D 2 and D4 are under forward bias
and the diodes D1 and D3 are reverse bias. Therefore, diode D2 and D4 conduct
while diodes D1 and D3does not conduct. Thus, current (i) flows through thediode
D2, load resistor RL (from M to L), diode D4 and the transformer secondary.
The current flows through the load resistor RL in the same direction (M to L)
during both the half cycles. Hence, a DC output voltage V out is obtained across the
load resistor.
Peak Inverse Voltage of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

When the secondary voltage attains its maximum positive value and the terminal A
is positive, and B is negative as shown in the circuit diagram below.
At this instant diode, D1 and D3 are forward biased and conducts current.
Therefore, terminal M attains the same voltage as that A’ or A, whereas the
terminal L attains the same voltage as that of B’ or B. Hence the diode D2 and D4
are reversed biased and the peak inverse voltage across both of them is Vm.
Therefore,
Advantages of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

 The center tap transformer iseliminated.
 The output is double to that of the center tapped full wave rectifier for the
same secondary voltage.
 The peak inverse voltage across each diode is one-half of the center tap
circuit of the diode.
Disadvantages of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

 It needs four diodes.
 The circuit is not suitable when a small voltage is required to be rectified. It
is because, in this case, the two diodes are connected in series and offer double
voltage drop due to their internal resistance.
 Application of the micro project:-
Rectifiers are applied mainly in DC power supply. Its main
function in the power supply is to convert the incoming alternating
current and voltage to direct current which is then filtered using a
bank of capacitors and then regulated to, for example, 5V,9V, 12V
and so on depending on the specification.
Figure 7 Power supply block diagram

Learning outecomes of the micro
project:-
A Rectifier circuit that rectifies both the positive and negative half cycles
can be termed as a full wave rectifier as it rectifies the complete cycle. The
construction of a full wave rectifier can be made in two types. They are
 Center-tapped Full wave rectifier

 Bridge full wave rectifier
Both of them have their advantages and disadvantages.
 Name of the responsible team members:-

Roll no. Name
25. GiteTanishkaBalasaheb
27. GunjalPreranaRamesh
37. KhatekarShravaniRavindra
41. MandlikAnushkaSantosh
Gaikwads.v
(sign and name of the teacher)

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Micro-Project

Course :- Basic Electronic Program:CM2I

AmrutvahiniSheti and ShikshanVikasSanstha’s

AMRUTVAHINI POLYTECHNIC, SANGAMNER

Department of Information Technology

“build a full wave bridge rectifier for 9v, 500 mA output

Is a benefited work carried out by

1 Ms.GITE TANISHKA BALASAHEB 25

2 Ms. GUNJAL PRERNA RAMESH 27

Prof. Gaikwad S V Prof. Chaudhari N K

 Rationale:-The rectifiers is an electronic circuit which is

Types of rectifier:-There are two main types of rectifier

2. Full Wave Rectifier

 Centre tapped full wave rectifier

a).Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

Operationof the Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

Peak Inverse Voltage of Center Tapped Full Wave

Advantages and Disadvantages of Center Tapped Full

The Disadvantages of the Center tapped full wave

b).Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

In Full Wave Bridge Rectifier, an ordinary transformer is used in place of a

The AC supply which is to be rectified is applied diagonally to the opposite ends

Operation of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Peak Inverse Voltage of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Advantages of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Disadvantages of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Figure 7 Power supply block diagram

 Center-tapped Full wave rectifier

 Name of the responsible team members:-

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