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Key Concepts and Ideas of Filipino Thinkers in The Social Sciences
Key Concepts and Ideas of Filipino Thinkers in The Social Sciences
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 1
Key Concepts and Ideas of Filipino
Thinkers in the Social Sciences
As young adult, you became more inquisitive of the world around you and begin to ask
questions regarding your everyday experiences. Such questions are formed through observations
and social integration that will make you think and rethink of the ways of how will you engage with
society. As you continually relate with the society, you will need to broaden and deepen your
understanding of our world today by acquainting yourself with the country’s history and culture.
This module will help you to understand the important ideas from our forefathers of Agham
Panlipunang Pilipino and how these insights influenced our social, political and even philosophical
perspectives at these present times.
7. Camilo Osias
He advocated that the educational system must contribute towards the achievement of
the goals of education by inculcating in the minds and hearts of the youth the value of
preserving the patrimony of the country, promoting the general welfare of the people.
[CITATION RSC05 \l 13321 ]
8. Rafael Palma
He believes in Academic Freedom and advocated that “Education must produce
individuals who are both useful to themselves and to society.”[ CITATION Del16 \l 13321 ]
9. Jorge Bocobo
In his philosophy - Filipino culture and tradition should be the basis of a truly Filipino
education, he equated education with patriotism and nationalism and believed that
education is means of preparing the individual for a democratic way of life. [CITATION
Mea \l 13321 ]
Sikolohiyang Pilipino is also referred to Indigenous Psychology which is the scientific study
of the ethnicity, society and culture of a people and the application to psychological practice of
indigenous knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage and consciousness.
In 1985, historian Zeus A. Salazar identified four different traditions upon which Philippine
psychology can be traced:
Basic Values
1. Core Value: Kapwa Psychology
Kapwa, meaning 'togetherness', is the core construct of Filipino Psychology. Kapwa has two
categories, Ibang Tao (other people) and Hindi Ibang Tao (no other people).
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2. Linking socio-personal value
Kagandahang-Loob: Shared humanity. This refers to being able to help other people in
dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity.
3. Accommodative surface values
Hiya: Loosely translated as 'shyness' by most Western psychologists, Hiya is actually
'sense of propriety'.
Utang na loob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return
favors—whether these were asked for or not—when it is needed or wanted.
Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal Relationship, or SIR, as coined
by Lynch (1961 and 1973). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the
majority.
4. Confrontative surface values
Bahala_na: Bahala Na translates literally as "leave it up to God (Bathala)" and it is used
as an expression, almost universally, in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in the bahala
na attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping strategy when faced with challenging
situations.
Lakas ng loob: This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of
problems and uncertainties.
Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the
Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy.
5. Societal values
Karangalan: Loosely translated to dignity, this actually refers to what other people see in
a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her
worth.
Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people judge a person of
his/her worth. This compels a common Filipino to conform to social norms, regardless
how obsolete they are.
Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person judges his own worth.
Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this actually refers to equity in giving rewards
to a person.
Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the less important value
of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity).[ CITATION PeP00 \l 1033 ]
Pantayong Pananaw
The Filipino language has two forms for the English word “we/us”: “tayo” and “kami”.
“Tayo,” which is described as the inclusive form of “we,” refers to a collectivity
composed of both the speakers and the listeners in a communication context.
“Kami,” which is described as the exclusive form of “we,” refers to a collectivity
composed only of those who are speaking and does not include the receivers of the
message.
The word “Pantayo” was formed by the combination of the root word “tayo” and the prefix
“pan-.” (Probably the first incidence of this term was as “pangtayo,” used as the translation
of pronombre/pronoun in the grammar book Balarilang Tagalog, published in 1910). The whole
word “pantayo” could roughly be interpreted to mean “from-us-for-us.”
The conceptual contradictory of “pantayo” is the concept “pangkami,” which was formed from
the root-word “kami” and the prefix “pang-”/ “pam-.” “Pangkami” roughly means “from-us-for-you.”
The other half of the phrase, “pananaw” means “perspective.” So “pantayong pananaw”
would be equivalent to the “We” perspective, while “pangkaming pananaw” would mean the “This is
us” perspective.
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characteristics, values, knowledge, wisdom, aspirations, practices, behavior, and experiences as a
unified whole” — a unity that is framed by and expressed in a single language; that is, within an
autonomous, self-directed discourse of progress and civilization. This is a reality within any ethno-
linguistic group, among us or anywhere in the world, with a singular wholeness and identity.
The pantayong pananaw
is the brainchild of Prof. Zeus Salazar, a historian who spent most of his teaching
career at the Department of History at the University of the Philippines-Diliman; in the
course of his advocacy, Salazar was able to gather a number of historians who shared
his call for a more culturally-sensitive historiography in the teaching of Philippine
history. At present, the pantayong pananaw has become an established perspective in
Philippine historiography and has spread outside the University’s own Department of
History. [CITATION Gui16 \l 13321 ]
Directions: Match the philosophies in Column A to whom is associated in Column B. Write the letter on
your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. “Education must strengthen the dignity of the learner as a a. Emilio Jacinto
human person.” b. Apolinario Mabini
2. “Our education should instill love for work, spirit of tolerance, c. Renato Constantino
respect for law, love for peace and practice thrift.” d. Camilo Osias
e. Rafael Palma
3. Academic Freedom f. Jorge Bocobo
4. “We have a country of our own, which must be kept our own.” g. Manuel L. Quezon
h. R. Esquivel Embuscado
5. “Democratization of education for all social classes”. i. Isabelo delos Reyes
6. Filipino folklore pioneer j. Lourdes Quisumbing
7. Art of dissectionism k. Jose P. Laurel
8. Filipino culture and tradition are the
basis of Filipino education
9. Liberty, equality, and fraternity
10. “Men are by nature are good and just and have the capacity
to unfold his goodness and sense of justice to others.”
ACTIVITY 2: FACT OR BLUFF
Directions: Write FACT in your answer sheet if the statement is correct and BLUFF if it is
incorrect.
ASSESSMENT
I. Directions: Write A in your answer sheets if the statement is correct and Z if the statement
is incorrect.
1. The main focus of a social thinker is teaching students to think how others perceive them.
2. The primary purpose of education according to Rafael Palma is to develop the individual to
its highest efficiency so that he can be of the use himself and to the community.
3. Pantayong pananaw focuses on external interconnectedness and linking of characteristics,
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values, knowledge, wisdom, aspirations, practices, behavior, and experiences as a unified
whole.
4. Lourdes Quisumbing believes that education must strengthen the dignity of a leader as a
human person.
5. Sikolohiyang Pilipino emphasizes the indigenous concepts applying indigenous
psychological orientations and methodologies.
II. Directions: Complete the Crossword Puzzle using the hints in the box for each number.
Horizontal
2. He equated education with patriotism
and nationalism
5. Known as the “sublime paralytic”
7. _______________ delos Reyes is known
as the “Father of Filipino Socialism”
8. Bonifacio as a leader of the Katipunan
10. Quezon has envisioned a government
that exercise ___________ of wealth
Vertical
1.He suggested a “bottom-up” economic
approach instead of a “trickle-down”
approach
3.Rizal used his literary works to advocate
sovereignty
4.Jacinto has patronized the ideals “free
reign of ____________, of the freedom to
think and do”.
6. He called his philosophy as the ‘art of
dissectionism”
9. Quisumbing “believes that education
must strengthen the ______ of the learner
as a human person
I. 1. Z II.
HORIZONTAL III. Answers may vary. Refer to
2. A
2.Bocobo the rubrics.
3. Z
4. A 5.Mabini
7.Isabelo
5. Z
8.Revolutionist
10. Equality
VERTICAL
1.Constantino
3.Reformist
4.Reason
6.Embuscado
9. Dignity