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Terminology
Terminology
Acme:- The time of greatest intencity. In obstetrics , the period when the
intencity of a contraction is at it's highi.
After birth:- The structure cast off after the expulsion of the fetus,
including the membranes and placenta with the attached umbilical cord.
Amnion :- The most internal of the fetal membranes containing the water
surround the fetus in utero.
Amniotic fluid index:- The sum of the vertical diameters of the largest
amniotic fluid pocket in each of the four quadrants of the maternal
abdomen.
Amniotic fluid:- The clear liquid that is 98% water contained in the
amnion. This fluid provides protection to the fetus, keeps the temperature
constant, and provides some nourishment to the fetus.
Android pelvis:- One of the four main types of female pelvis, generally
characterized as resembling the pelvis of a male and having a wedge-
shaped inlet and narrow anterior segment.
Anterior fontanel:- The dimond shaped space between the frontal and two
parietal bones in very young infants.
Anthropoid pelvis:- One of the four main types of femal pelvis, generally
characterized by a long anterio -posterior diameter of the inlet.
Decidua basalis:- The part lying directly under the embedded ovum that
form the maternal component of the placenta.
Decidua capsularis:- The portion that over lies the ovum, separating it
from the rest of the uterine cavity.
Elderly Primi:- When a women becomes pregnant for the first time after
the age of 34.
Elective fetal monitor:-A system for monitoring fetal heart rate and
uterine activity by electrically operated instruments.
Embryo:- The product of conception in utero from the second though the
eight week gestation.
Amnion :- The most internal of the fetal membranes containing the water
surround the fetus in utero.
Amniotic fluid index:- The sum of the vertical diameters of the largest
amniotic fluid pocket in each of the four quadrants of the maternal
abdomen.
Amniotic fluid:- The clear liquid that is 98% water contained in the
amnion. This fluid provides protection to the fetus, keeps the temperature
constant, and provides some nourishment to the fetus.
Android pelvis:- One of the four main types of female pelvis, generally
characterized as resembling the pelvis of a male and having a wedge-
shaped inlet and narrow anterior segment.
Anterior fontanel:- The dimond shaped space between the frontal and two
parietal bones in very young infants.
Caput succedaneum:- An edematous swelling that sometimes appears on
the presenting part the fetal head during labor.
Chadwick's sign:- The blue purple color on the mucous membrane of the
vagina just below the urethral orifice, caused by increased vascularity.
Birth trouma:- The physical injury that occurs during labor and delivery.
Blastocyst:- the inner solid mass of cell within the fertilized ovum that
develop into the embryo and embryonic membranes.
Breech presentation:- Fetal position in which the feet or buttocks are the
presenting part.
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Ballotment:- A term used in examination when the fetus can be pushed
about in the pregnant uterus.
Bartholin's glands:- glands situated one on each side of the vaginal canal
opening into the grove between the hymen and labiaminora.
Battledore placenta:- A placenta a characterized by a cord inserted at the
placental margin rather than in the center of the placenta as normal
insertion.
Bearing down:- reflex effort by the mother to help with the uterine
contractions.
Edipural Space:- The outer convering of the dura, spinal fluid and cord, it
is filler with segments of nerve roots from the spinal cord fatty tissue, and
an intricate networking of blood vessels, it is surrounded by a series of
protective and supportive ligaments and the bony vertebral column.
Erb's palsy:- The upper arm type of brachial birth palsy, due to damage to
the upper plexus.
Expected date of delivery (EDD):- The calculated date for the birth of the
fetus, which is usually based on the last menstrual period.
False pelvis:- The part of the pelvis superior to a plane passing through
the linea terminalis, which supports the uterus during late pregnancy and
directs the fetus into the true pelvis at the proper time.
Fertility rate:- The number of births per 1000 women aged 15 through 44
years. Fetal death:- Death of the fetus that occurs in the uterus prior to
birth.
Fetal attitude:- The relationship of fetal parts to one another, eg, in vertex
presentation, the fetal head is flexed to the chin and lies over the fetal
chest, it is called flexion attitude of the fetus.
Fetal heart rate (FAR):- The heart rate of the fetus, normally, it can be
heard about the middle of pregnancy and usually ranges between 120-160
beats per minute.
Fetal lie:- The relationship of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long
axis of the mother.
Fetal:- Pertaining to a fetus.
Fetal skull:- Bony frame work of the fetal head consisting of cranium and
facial bones.
Fetus:- In humans, the product of conception from the end of the eighth
week to the moment of birth.
First stage of labor:- The dilating stage that begins with the onset of
regular labor contractions and ends with the complete dilatation of the
cervix.
Flexion:- In the mechanism of labor, when the fetal head descends, the
fetus adopts an attitude in which the head flexes and chin touches the
chest of the fetus, this is called flexion of fetal head.
Folic acid:- One of the vitamins of the B complex that is essential for
growth and necessary to the proper formation of blood in the body. Folic
acid is particularly important to the development of thee fetus.
Fundus:- The upper rounded portion of the uterus between the insertion
points of the fallopian tubes.
Grasp reflex:- The reflex present at birth in an infant's hands and feet
causing the fingers and toes to curl around and object touching them.
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Incomplete abortion:- An abortion in which some but not all the products
of conception are passed
Internal rotation :- The process in the delivery of a baby in which the fetal
head is rotated so that is enters the pelvis in the, transverse position and
exits in the anteroposterior position.
Inverted nipple:- A nipple that recedes rather than becoming erect when
gentle pressure is used to compress the area behind the nipple.
Kahn test:- Precipitation test for flocculation test for the diagnosis of
Syphilis.
Lie:- Relationship existing between the long axis of the fetus and the long
axis of the mother.
Linea nigra :- line of darker pigmentation seen in some women during the
latter part of pregnancy that appears over the midline of the abdomen and
extends from the symphysis pubis towards the umbilicus.
Linea terminalis:-Line dividing the upper (false) pelvis from the lower
(true) pelvis.
Lithotomy position:- Position in which the woman lies on her back with
her knees flexed and abducted thighs drawn up toward her chest.
. Lutein:- Yellow pigment derived from the corpus luteum, egg yolk, and
fat cells.
Meiosis:- Process by which germ cells divide and and decrease their
chromosomal number by one half.
Menopause:- From the Greek words men (month), pausis (to stop), the
actual permanent cessation of menstrual cycles.
Midwife : - One who practices the art of helping and aiding a woman to
give birth.
. Lutein:- Yellow pigment derived from the corpus luteum, egg yolk, and
fat cells.
Neural tube :- Tube formed from fusion of the neural folds from which
develops the brain and spinal cord.
Non stress test (NST): - Evaluation of fetal response (fetal heart rate) 10
natural contractile uterine activity or to an increase in fetal activity.
Perinatal mortality:- Refers to the rate of both fetal and neonatal deaths.
defined as beginning at
Pernium:- The muscle and fascia between the vagina and the rectum.
Operculum:- Plug of mucus that fills the cervical canal during pregnancy.
incision, section.
Ovary:- One of two glands in the female situated on either side of the
pelvic cavity that produce the female reproductive cell, the ovum, and
two known hormones, eastrogen and progesterone.
Proliferative phase:- The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs just
after menstruation when the endometrium is growing or proliferating.
Also called the follicular or estrogenic phase.
Prolonged labor:- When labor prolongs for more than 24 hours. It is due
to the prolonged latent phase, ie, more than 20 hours in primi mothers and
more than 14 hours in multi mothers.
Prostate gland:- A gland in the male that surrounds the neck of the
bladder .
and urethra
range,
Presumptive signs of pregnancy:- Signs that suggest but do not prove that
a healthy woman is pregnant. These include menstrual suppression,
nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, tenderness and other changes of
breasts, "quickening," Chadwick's sign, and fatigue.
Protracted descent:- Delayed descent of the fetal head in the active phase
of labor.
Pubis:- The os pubis or public bone forming the front of the pelvis.
Red reflex:- A reflex of the eye that causes the pupil to appear as a small
redorange circular spot when light is directed at it.
calories and nutrients for the people of the United States set by the
National Research Council.
Red reflex:- A reflex of the eye that causes the pupil to appear as a small
redorange circular spot when light is directed at it.
calories and nutrients for the people of the United States set by the
National Research Council.
Role identity:- The attitude and behavior that are consistent with the
particular acı played by the individual.
to un
Vernix caseosa:- "Cheesy varnish" the layer of fatty matter that covers
the skin of the fetus.
Viability:- The capacity of the fetus to live outside the uterus at the
earliest gestational age.
Whartone's jelly:- The jelly like mucous tissue composing the bulk of the
umbilical cord.
Umbilical cord:- The cord connecting the placenta with the umbilicus of
the fetus that provides nutrition to the fetus and in turn removes the fetus
waste.
Uterine retroversion:- When the uterus is displaced from its original place
to backward.
Third stage of labor:- The placental stage that begins with the birth of the
newborn and terminates with the delivery of the placenta.
Trophoblast:- The outer layer of the fertilized ovum, which attached the
fertilized ovum to the uterine wall, secure food for the embryo, and
develop into chorion.
True pelvis:- The part of the pelvis inferior to a plane passing through the
linea terminalis that forms the vony canal through which the fetus must
pass during parturition.
Show:- The blood-tinged mucus discharged from the cervix after the
mucus plug has become dislodged.
Sim's position:- A position of labor in which the women lies on her left
side with her left leg extended and her right knee flexed at her side and up
against the abdomen both knees flexed.
Second stage labor:- The pelvic stage that begins with the complete
dilatation of the cervix and ends with the delivery or birth of the newborn.
Secondary areola:- A circle of faint color sometimes seen just outside the
original at about the 5th month of pregnancy.
Secretory phase:- The last 14+1-2 days of the menstrual cycle, during
which progesterone is released in addition to estrogen.
Semen:- The fluid secreted by the male reproductive organs that contains
spermatozoa and nutrients.
Zygote. A cell resulting from the fusion of two gameles that contains the
characteristics of the woman and man