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Grammar Text by Martin CH 1
Grammar Text by Martin CH 1
Because Hebrew is a Semitic language, it is not easy for the English speaking
student to reproduce the sounds of Hebrew. In fact, Hebrew may be pronounced
slightly differently by various groups. We will use the Sephardic pronunciation as it
has been modified for modern Hebrew.
The Hebrew alphabet is listed on the following pages, along with directions
for writing each letter and its pronunciation.1 Click on the letter to hear its name.
1
You may wish to consult the Review Chart that comes at the end of the chapter. It includes
the Letters, their Names, their Pronunciation, and Transliterations.
c The letter HEH sounds like the H in
hat, here, and hero.
FINAL FORMS
Five letters have a different form when they come at the end of a word. These
are called final forms:
The following verse from the Hebrew Bible has all the letters of the alphabet. Identify
each letter by name, in order, from right to left (Ignore the hyphens).
Repeat the drill orally until you can read the letters easily. Always read aloud!
Jeremiah 22:3 Thus saith the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and
deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence
to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place
(KJV).
b is similar to k
g is similar to n, z, w, and !
r is similar to d and $
[ is similar to c
v is similar to f
s is similar to ~
h is similar to x and t
PRONUNCIATION
The alphabet chart lists the Sephardic pronunciation of each letter. The
pronunciation of three letters will change when a dot is inside the letter. That dot,
called a dagesh lene, is explained below.
Dagesh Lene
Hebrew has six letters that may have a dot within the letter called a dagesh
The dagesh lene lene (weak dagesh). Those six letters are b g d k p t, represented by the
occurs in six mnemonic BeGaD KeFaT.
letters. The dagesh lene indicates a change of pronunciation. These letters without
It changes the the dagesh are pronounced as spirants, and with the dagesh they are stops. A stop is
pronunciation of produced by temporarily stopping the flow of breath with the lips, tongue, teeth, or
three letters. palate. The lips produce b and p. The tongue and teeth produce t and d. The tongue
against the palate produce k and g. If the vocal passage is left slightly open, the
resulting sound is called a spirant. Spirants include v, f, and th.
Modern Hebrew, however, changes only three letters from stops to spirants:
WRITING HEBREW
Hebrew is written from right to left.
Hebrew is written
from right to left. All Hebrew letters are the same HEIGHT, except for the following letters that
may reach above or below the level of the other letters.