EEE-365 L3T2 17eee Class-1

Level-3, Term-2 (‘17th Batch)
EEE-365: Digital Electronics
Dr. Sampad Ghosh

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET)
February 11, 2021

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET)
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
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CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 2

Syllabus
EEE 365: Digital Electronics (Credit 3.0)
Introduction to number systems and codes. Analysis and synthesis
of digital logic circuits: Basic logic functions, Boolean algebra,
combinational logic design, minimization of combinational logic.
Implementation of basic static logic gates in TTL, ECL, IIL and CMOS
and BiCMOS: DC characteristics, noise margin and power dissipation.
Power optimization of basic gates and combinational logic circuits. Modular
combinational circuit design: pass transistor, pass gates, multiplexer,
demultiplexer and their implementation in CMOS, decoder, encoder,
comparators, binary arithmetic elements and ALU design. Programmable
logic devices: logic arrays, field programmable logic arrays and
programmable read only memory. Sequential circuits: different types of
latches, flip-flops and their design using ASM approach, timing analysis and
power optimization of sequential circuits. Modular sequential logic circuit
design: shift registers, counters and their applications.

Reference books
1. Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer and Gregory L. Moss, Digital Systems

- Principles and Applications, 10th ed., Prentice Hall of India (PHI)
Pvt. Ltd.
2. M. Morris Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, 2nd ed.,

Prentice Hall of India (PHI) Pvt. Ltd.
3. John F. Wakerly, Digital Design - Principles and Practices, 3rd ed.,

Prentice Hall International, Inc.

Topics Reference
Introduction to number systems & codes
Numerical representation, Digital & Analog systems,
Digital number systems, Binary to Decimal
conversions, Decimal to Binary conversions, Hexa-
Tocci
decimal number systems, BCD code, The Gray code,
Alphanumeric codes, Parity method for error
detection
Octal & Hexa-decimal numbers, Complements Mano

Numerical Representations
❑ Physical systems use quantities which must be measured,

monitored, recorded, manipulated arithmetically.
❑ Quantities may be represented numerically in either analog or
digital form.

Numerical Representations …
❑ Analog Representation — a continuously variable, proportional
indicator.
o Sound through a microphone causes voltage changes.
o Automobile speedometer changes with speed.
o Mercury thermometer varies over a range of values with temperature.
❑ Digital Representation — varies in discrete (separate) steps.

o Passing time is shown as a change in the display on a digital clock at one-
minute intervals.
o A change in temperature is shown on a digital display only when the
temperature changes at least one degree.

Digital and Analog Systems
❑ Digital system — A combination of devices that manipulate values
represented in digital form.
o Mostly electronic devices, also included mechanical, magnetic or pneumatic.
o Familiar digital systems include digital computers, calculator, digital audio &
video equipment, and telephone system etc.
❑ Analog system — A combination of devices that manipulate values

represented in analog form.
o Amplitude of the output signal to the speaker in a radio receiver can have any
value between zero and its maximum limit.
o Common analog systems are audio amplifiers, magnetic tape recording and
playback equipment and a simple light dimmer switch.

Digital and Analog Systems …
❑ Advantages of digital techniques:
o Ease of design
o Well suited for storing information
o Accuracy and precision are easier to maintain
o Programmable operation
o Less affected by noise
o Ease of fabrication on IC chips

❑ Limitation of digital techniques:
o Real world is analog
o Processing digitized signals takes time
o 4-steps followed when dealing with analog inputs & outputs
▪ Convert physical variable to an electrical signal (analog).
▪ Convert electrical signal (analog) into digital form.
▪ Process (operate on) digital information.
▪ Convert digital outputs back to real-world analog form

❑ Precision temperature regulation system

❑ Future is digital:
o Remarkable recent advances in
digital technology.
o Advances will continue as
digital technology expands and
improves.

Digital Number Systems
❑ Understanding digital systems requires an understanding of the
decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbering systems.
o Decimal – 10 symbols (base 10)
o Hexadecimal – 16 symbols (base 16)
o Octal – 8 symbols (base 8)
o Binary – 2 symbols (base 2)

Digital Number Systems …
❑ Decimal System (base 10)
o 10 symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9.
▪ Each number is a digit (from Latin for finger).
Positional values (weights)
Most significant digit Least significant digit
Positional value stated as a digit multiplied by a power of 10.

❑ Decimal Counting

❑ Binary System (base 2)
o 2 symbols: 0, 1.
▪ Lends itself to electronic circuit design since only two different
voltage levels are required.
Positional
values
Binary digit referred as bit.
Positional value stated as a digit

multiplied by a power of 2.
Most significant bit Least significant bit

❑ Binary Counting Weights

Representing Binary Quantities
❑ Typical representation of the two states of a digital signal.
❖ A higher range of voltages represent

a valid 1 and a lower range of
voltages represent a valid 0.
❖ HIGH and LOW are often used to
describe the states of a digital
system — instead of “1” and “0”.

Digital Circuits/Logic Circuits
❑ Digital circuits - produce & respond to predefined voltage ranges.
❑ The term logic circuits is used interchangeably.
❖ A digital circuit responds to an

input’s binary level of 0 or 1 — not
to its actual voltage.

Summary
❑ Different forms of signal representations
❑ Benefits of digital systems over analog
❑ Digital number systems
❑ Introduce with binary representation

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Level-3, Term-2 (‘17th Batch)

EEE-365: Digital Electronics

Dr. Sampad Ghosh

February 11, 2021

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 2

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 3

1. Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer and Gregory L. Moss, Digital Systems

2. M. Morris Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, 2nd ed.,

3. John F. Wakerly, Digital Design - Principles and Practices, 3rd ed.,

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 4

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 5

❑ Physical systems use quantities which must be measured,

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 6

❑ Digital Representation — varies in discrete (separate) steps.

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 7

❑ Analog system — A combination of devices that manipulate values

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 8

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 9

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 10

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 11

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 12

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 13

Most significant digit Least significant digit

Positional value stated as a digit multiplied by a power of 10.

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 14

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 15

Binary digit referred as bit.

Positional value stated as a digit

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 16

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (CUET) 17

❖ A higher range of voltages represent

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❖ A digital circuit responds to an

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