SHRI VAISHNAV VIDYAPEETH VISHWAVIDYALAYA,

INDORE

INTERNSHIP REPORT
2019-2020
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Electrical Engineering
by
Bhagyashri Mathur

16010BTEE00482
Under the Supervision of

Industry Mentor University Mentor

Mr. D.P Gour Mr. Deepak Rathod
Production manager Assistant Professor
Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt Ltd Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Shed No. 11 & 16, Sector-D-2, Industrial Area, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology
Sanwer Road, Indore, M.P-452015 and Science

(Duration: 6th January 2020 to 21st March 2020)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science
Indore-Ujjain Road, Indore (MP)-India- 453111
SHRI VAISHNAV VIDYAPEETH VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
SHRI VAISHNAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

2019-2020
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that work, which is being presented in the Internship Report as the partial
fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering in the
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Shri Vaishnav Institute of
Technology and Science of Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya Indore, is an authentic
record of my work carried out under the Mentorship of Mr. Deepak Rathod Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The matter embodied in this internship
report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Enrollment Number Student Signature

16010BTEE00482

Date:

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SHRI VAISHNAV VIDYAPEETH VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
SHRI VAISHNAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

2019-2020
INTERNSHIP APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that Ms. Bhagyashri Mathur enrollment number 16010BTEE00482 has
successfully completed his industrial internship starting from 6th January 2020 to 21st March 2020
and has submitted the final report. His work has been found satisfactory and it is recommended to
accept it as a partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology Electrical
Engineering of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Shri Vaishnav
Institute of Technology and Science of Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:

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SHRI VAISHNAV VIDYAPEETH VISHWAVIDYALAYA
SHRI VAISHNAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Bhagyashri Mathur (16010BTEE00482) has successfully completed
his industrial internship, starting from 6th January 2020 to 21st March 2020 and has submitted the
final report. He has successfully completed this Internship under the Mentorship of Mr. Deepak
Rathod Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering as a partial
fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering of the
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Shri Vaishnav Institute of
Technology and Science of Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore during the
semester Jan – June 2020.

Internal Mentor
Mr. Deepak Rathod
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

HOD
Dr. Namit Gupta
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Director
Dr. Namit Gupta
Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science

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 SHRI VAISHNAV VIDYAPEETH VISHWAVIDYALAYA
SHRI VAISHNAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Acknowledgement

First, I would like to thank Dr. Upinder Dhar, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor of the
University for giving me an opportunity to do the internship with the external
organization.
Secondly, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude towards the Director Mr. Apoorv
Goyal of Apoorv Electricals (India) Private Limited for giving me an opportunity at
their esteemed organization.
I also would like to thank all the people that worked along with me at Apoorv
Electricals (India) Private Limited. With their patience and openness, they created an
enjoyable working environment. It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense
sense of gratitude, that I acknowledge the help of these individuals.
I am highly indebted to Director Dr. Namit Gupta / HOD, Dr. Namit Gupta for the facilities
and continuous support provided by them to accomplish this internship. I would also like to
thank my faculty mentors Mr. Deepak Rathod & Mr. D.P Gour for their constructive
criticism throughout my internship. I would like to thank them for their support and advice to
complete internship in above said organization. I am extremely great full to my department’s
staff members and friends who helped me in successful completion of this internship.

Bhagyashri Mathur
16010BTEE00482
Electrical Engineering

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 Acknowledgement

I express my deepest and sincere gratitude to my mentor Mr. D.P. Gour who personally
supervised, supported and encouraged me all through this internship. Thanks to the
Director of company Mr. Apoorv Goyal for providing me the internship in his company.
I also pay my gratitude to the Almighty for enabling me to complete this Internship
Report within due course of time.

Words are very few to express enormous humble obligation to my affectionate Parents
for support and strong determination to enabling us to achieve this job. I am extremely
great full to my friends who helped me in successful completion of this internship.

I also appreciate the cordial co-operation and guidance to all my internship supervisors
Mr. Sandeep Paliwal, Mrs. Jessy Mathew, Mr. Nilesh Kushwaha and also of HR
management for providing the requisite information and knowledge for compilation of
complete internship.

All the employers of the company helped me a lot in performing all the activities and
in gaining the practical knowledge of industry. They gave us best environment and
knowledge to enhance my skills.

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 Executive Summary

This is the internship report bases on the three months long internship program that I
had experienced in the Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. From 6th Jan 2020 to 21st
March 2020. As a requirement of my B. Tech program under Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering.

This company is the pioneer manufacturer of transformer in India. The company has
always been contributing towards the advancement and development of the country. I
have recently done my internship in this company, in which I got training from its
Distribution Transformer unit. The internship basically revolved around the transformer
design, manufacturing and maintenance. At the beginning of the internship I had several
learning goals regarding industry working style.

During my internship I was under production manager of the company. My internship

started with some theoretical lessons in which I read about transformers basics, its
principal, applications and types. Second week I was into the testing part. During testing
I have learnt a lot from basic idea to the different stages of development of a product.

In conclusion, the internship was a useful experience. During this period, I have learned
about this organization and its work environment, which inspire me to work. I have also
found out my strengths and weaknesses are; I gained new knowledge and skills and met
many new people and learned from their experience. I achieved most of my learning
goals.

At last this internship has given me new insights and motivation to pursue a career in
the field. To prepare myself for my future career I can improve several things. I have
made it possible to write each and every thing that I have learnt in the organization. I
have all my practical efforts in the form of this report that is the asset for future career.

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 List of Figure

Figure no. Title Page no.

4
4.2.1 Company Testing Lab
4.2.2 (a) ISO-Certificate 5

4.2.2 (b) NABL-Certificate 5

4.2.3 (a) Current Transformer 6

4.2.3 (b) Potential Transformer 7

4.2.3 (c) Three Phase Combined CTPT Units 7

4.4 (a) Measuring Bridge 13

4.4 (b) Oil Testing Instrument 13

4.2.1 Transformer 15

4.2.8 Name Plate of Outdoor Type CTPT Metering 17

Set

4.2.9 (a) No load Test of Transformer 18

4.2.9 (b) Load Loss/Impedance Test 18

4.2.9 (c) Bridge Connection for Measuring Turns Ratio 19

4.2.9 (d) DVDF Testing 19

4.2.9 (e) Insulation Resistance Test 20

4.2.9 (f) BDV Test Instrument 20

4.2.9 (g) Connection of Impulse Test 21

4.2.9 (h) Current Transformer 22

4.2.9 (i) Potential Transformer 25

4.2.9 (j) Three Phase Combined CTPT Units 27

VII
 List of Table

Table No. Title Page No.

4.2.9 (a) Specification of CT 23

4.2.9 (b) Specification of PT 26

4.2.9 (c) Specification of CTPT 28

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 Table of Content

Declaration I

Internship Approval Sheet II

Certificate III

Acknowledgment IV

Acknowledgment V

Executive Summary VI

List of Figures VII

List of Tables VIII

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1-2

1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Role of manufacturing industry 1
1.1.2 Manufacturing industry features and progress in India 2

CHAPTER 2 – OVERVIEW OF ORGANISATION 3-9

2.1 Brief History 3

2.2 Business Size 4
2.3 Product Line 6
2.4 Competitor 7
2.5 Brief summary of all Department 8

CHAPTER 3 – PLAN OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM 10-11

3.1 Brief Introduction 10

3.2 Internship Duration 10
3.3 Brief Introduction and duration of training in departments 10
CHAPTER 4 – TRAINING PROGRAM 12-31

4.1 Introduction to Training Program 12

4.2 Task Assigned 12

4.2.1 What is Transformer? 14
4.2.2 Principle and Working of Transformer 15
4.2.3 Distribution Transformer 15

4.2.4 Design 15

4.2.5 Parts of Transformer 16

4.2.6 Name Plate 16
4.2.7 Testing of Transformer 17
4.2.8 Inspection and Test Plan for Transformer 21

4.2.9 Transformer Manufactured in the Company 22

4.2.10 Advantages 30
4.2.11 Disadvantages 30
4.2.12 Applications 30
4.2.13 List of Major Testing Equipments 30

CHAPTER 5 – WORKING EXPERIENCE 32-34

5.1 Knowledge Acquired 32

5.2 Skills Learned 32

5.3 Observed Attitudes and values gained 33
5.3.1 Teamwork 33
5.3.2 Work ethics 33

5.3.3 Responsibility 34
5.3.4 Time Management 34
5.4 The most challenging task performed 34
CHAPTER 6 – SWOT ANALYSIS 35-37

6.1 SWOT Analysis 35

6.1.1 Strength 35
6.1.2 Weakness 36
6.1.3 Opportunities 36
6.1.4 Threat 37

CHAPTER 7 – PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 38-40

& SOLUTION

7.1 Consequences of the current problem 38

7.2 Solutions 39

CHAPTER 8 – CONCLUSION 41

8.1 Conclusion 41

REFERENCES 42

APPENDICES

Appendix – A
Appendix – B
Appendix – C
 APOORV ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

The history of transformer was commenced in the year 1880. In the year 1950, 400KV
electrical power transformer was introduced in high voltage electrical power system. In
the early 1970s, unit rating as large as 1100MVAwasproduced and 800KV and even
higher KV class transformers were manufactured in the year of 1980.

1.1.1 Role of manufacturing industry

Power transformer market growth is directly related to the growing demand of

electricity, advancements in transmission lines, and replacement of old transformer
units across the world. High cost is the major limitation of purchasing and installation
of power transformers. However, no power system is complete without power
transformers and a lot of governments provide subsidies in various forms. Increase in
demand for electricity drives the power transformer market.

As power sector is the key indicator of economic growth. With the increase in
awareness related to CO2 emissions, the adoption of smart grid is expected to grow.
Currently, the “Go Green” revolution drives the demand for smart grids across the
globe.

India is on the verge of becoming major power nation among developing economies.
Electricity is the key constituent for the economic growth of the country and is directly
linked to GDP of the country. There has been a surge in demand for power in India due
to increase in capacity utilization. industrialization, urbanization, and population
sharing views on the power and distribution equipment. Currently through reforms such
as “Power for all”, government plans to add 93GW by 2022, this would fuel the demand
for power transmission and distribution equipment. The Indian power and distribution

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transformer market is forecast to reach $2.9 billion by 2022.

1.1.2 Manufacturing industry features and progress in India

Presently the government is taking major steps to strengthen the power transmission
and distribution network and has undertaken imitativeness such as UDAY for financial
turn-around of power distribution companies. Further, the government has projected an
investment of Rs 146,000 crore. In transmission sector by FY 2019 which results in
demand for distribution and power transformers. As per various researchers, the
industry is going to increase by more than 10 percent CAGR in the next five years.

With implementation of UDAY and other discom schemes there is a huge acceleration
of infrastructural amendment in India. This has influenced invitation for bids for
refurbishment and up-gradation of existing power transmission and distribution
network. Naturally transformers are on demand all across India because energy
distribution always needs this single most important device in the network that is
transformer.

Both power as well as distribution network is getting strengthened all across the
country. Also, the discoms are instructed to reduce losses to the tune of 10 to 12 percent
which means they have to go for efficient transformers. Infrastructure segment
(especially Metro Rail Projects) are witnessing increase in demand for distribution
transformers and increased government spending in this segment is set to drive demand
in future.

For power transformers, intra-state transmission projects (400KV and below) are
expected to drive demand. State TRANSCOS will majorly drive this demand and float
new transmission projects through different model. PGCIL, which is mainly in
executing and implementing interstate projects, is planning to aggressively enter
intrastate projects by forming joint ventures with state utilities. Hence transformer
manufacturer has to manufacture and supply these new transformers in million to the
discoms.

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CHAPTER 2
OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATION

2.1 Brief History

The present-day electrical power system is a.c. i.e. electric power is generated,
transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. The distribution of power
to various consumers requires to step down the voltage to different levels as per
requirement. There is various manufacturer of transformer in India. Apoorv Electricals
(India) Pvt. Ltd. is listed in trade India’s list of verified sellers offering supreme
quality of transformer.

Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. is a private incorporated on 01 April 2008, is an

ISO 9001-2008 certified company, manufacturing Instrument Transformers up to
132KV. It is classified as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of
companies, Gwalior. With an experience of more than 15 years we are committed to
offer versatile, high quality and reliable products to serve the power transmission and
distribution industry.

Our VISION is to become global leader in Instrument Transformers manufacturing by

leveraging our expertise to deliver high quality products to numerous customers
worldwide. Our MISSION is to provide total customer satisfaction by continuously
improving our technology, process and service.

The products manufactured by us incorporate the best and most modern technology to
ensures a good quality. Our designs are time tested and type tested as per IS/IEC
standards at various government approved laboratories. We have modern infrastructure
and a well experienced staff which enables us to deliver bulk quantities in short time.
We also have a fully equipped testing laboratory where each and every product is tested
foe all routine test as per IS/IEC standards.

Over the years, the company has successfully carved a nice for itself in the industry.
Providing conductive environment for the professional and personal growth of
employees. Company has inculcating a spirit of integrity both vertically and
horizontally.

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Fig 4.2.1 Company Testing Lab

2.2 Business Size

The Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. authorized share capital is Rs. 6,000,000 and
its paid-up capital is Rs. 5,100,000. Apoorv Electricals (India) Private Limited’s
Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 29 September 2018 and as per
record from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filled on
31 March 2018. Directors of Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. are Satish Goyal,
Apoorv Goyal and Kamlesh Goyal. There are total 84 employees in the company.

The quality Management system of the company are in accordance with and are
certified for ISO 9001: 2015. The Apoorv Electricals are committed to achieve
technical excellence in design, manufacture and services while maintaining high
quality and timely delivery.

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4.2.2 (a) ISO-Certificate

4.2.2 (b) NABL-Certificate

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2.3 Product lines

a. Current Transformer
Current Transformer (CT) are used for current metering and protection in high voltage
network system. They transform the high current on the high voltage side into low
current (1 or 5Amps) adequate to be processed in measuring and protection instruments
(Secondary equipment, such as relays and recorders). A current transformer also
isolates the measuring instruments from the high voltage of the monitored circuit.
Current transformers are commonly used for metering and protection in the electrical
power industry.

Fig 4.2.3 (a) Current Transformer

b. Potential transformer
Potential transformer (PT), are used for voltage metering and protection in high voltage
network system. They transform the high voltage into low voltage adequate to be
processed in measuring and protection instruments (Secondary equipment, such as
relays and recorders). A potential transformer (PT) also isolates the measuring
instruments from the high voltage of the monitored circuit. Voltage transformers are
used for metering and protection in the electrical power industry.

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Fig 4.2.3(b) Potential Transformer

C. Combined instrument transformer

The combined instrument transformer (CTPT) offers the station designer the ability of
being able to accommodate the current transformer and the voltage transformer in one
free-standing unit. This allows optimum use of substation space while yielding cost
savings by elimination of one set of mounting pads and support structures. In addition,
installation time is greatly reduced.

Fig 4.2.3 (c) Three Phase Combined CTPT Units

2.4 Competitors
Market analysis gives the idea that it is the need of present era to replace aging
distribution transformers offers significant growth opportunities revival in orders and
planned investments offer strong business case for distribution transformers. Hence
there is a significant increase in the competitors for the manufacturer of transformers.

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Rising demand for power to drive growth in the distribution transformer market.
Government initiatives to improve power infrastructure boosts market prospects and
increasing competition ABB Ltd. is the leading company in the world distribution
transformers market. The other top most companies are Schneider Electric, Siemens,
GE Power India, BHEL, Crompton Greaves, TBEA, Transformers & Rectifiers India.
The competitors of the Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. are Mamta Transformers,
AK Surya, Universal Transformers, Kirloskar Electric Company Limited, Gujrat
Transformers Pvt. Ltd., Urja Techniques Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd, Danish Private
Limited.

2.5 Brief summary of all the Departments

Design Department
The design and drawings division are computerized and the company is adopting the
latest technology in designing the transformers as per the IS standards and customer’s
specifications. Every transformer is individually designed to its specific requirements
and applications.
Purchase Department
Purchase department serves to all the requirements. The main functions of the purchase
department are defined as follows, procurement of stores through indigenous sources
as required in accordance with the rules in force, checking of requisition/purchase
indents, selection of suppliers for issue of inquiries, analyzing quotation and bids etc.,
and preparation of comparative statements (quotation charts), negotiating contracts,
issue of purchase orders.
Production Department
It is the responsibility of the manufacturing department to manufacture different parts
of transformer and then assemble them to make a transformer. Production department
has following sections: Winding section, Core section, Tank section, Assembly
section
Quality Control and Testing Department
Quality control and testing department will monitor the various manufacturing
activities, up to final testing of transformers to ensure that the transformers coming out
will confirm to the Indian standards and customers requirement. The various inspection

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procedures adopted are as under:
1. Inspection of raw materials received from various vendors.
2. Stage inspection at various levels in manufacturing shops.
3. Final testing of the transformers as per Indian standards.
4. Inspection at the dispatch area before dispatch to ensure that the transformers
are fitted with all the accessories etc.
The various procedures and tests conducted as per the IS which are quite elaborative.
This department is headed by qualified and experienced engineers and is having a team
of qualified personnel at various stages.

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CHAPTER 3
PLAN OF INTERNSHP PROGRAM

3.1 Brief Introduction

The duration of internship was of 12 weeks in which 1 week contains 5 working days
and respective holidays. Under the internship program that I had experienced in the
Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. As my branch is Electrical, I a keenly interested to
get the internship in the same. The company has various department such as design,
purchase, production, quality control and testing department. In the beginning, they
taught me the basic idea of their manufacturing process. Giving the brief of every
department, they allotted me the quality control and testing department. Testing
department will monitor the various manufacturing activities, up to final testing of
transformers to ensure that the transformers coming out will confirm to the Indian
standards and customers requirement. The department is headed by quality and
experienced engineers. The raw materials are tested to ensure that the quality is up to
the recommended standards, these tests are done to check the durability, strength of the
material. The raw materials that are being tested are oil, Aluminum conductors,
bushings, press board, kraft paper and cork sheet.

3.2 Internship Duration

The internship started from 6th Jan 2020 and come to end at 21st March 2020.

3.3 Brief Introduction and duration of training in departments

Firstly, in the design department I learned the specifications needed to mention on the
name plate of transformer. In these department designing of transformer on the basis of
requirement of customer is done. The duration of training in these department is from
13th Jan and it lasts for 2 weeks. Then in the purchase department got the information
of different raw materials such as Aluminum conductors, bushings, press board, kraft
paper and cork sheet etc. duration of training in these department is from 25th Jan and
end after 1 week. Production department manufacture different parts of transformer and

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then assemble them to make a transformer. There I trained for 3 weeks from 3rd Feb to
23rd Feb. Quality control and testing department will monitor the various manufacturing
activities, up to final testing of transformers to ensure that the transformers coming out
will confirm to the Indian standards and customers requirement. Duration of in these
department is from 25th Feb. the raw materials are tested to ensure that the quality is up
to the recommended standards, these tests are done to check durability, strength of the
material. There are two types of tests that are being performed on transformer are Type
test and Routine test.

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CHAPTER 4
TRAINING PROGRAM

4.1 Introduction to training program

Internship program that I had experienced in the Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd.
From 6th Jan 2020 to 21st March 2020. As a requirement of my B. Tech program
under Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The internship provides
me opportunities to gain experience in the relevant field.

This company is the pioneer manufacturer of transformer in India. The company has
always been contributing towards the advancement and development of the country. I
have recently done my internship in this company, in which I got training from its
Distribution Transformer unit. The internship basically revolved around the transformer
design, manufacturing and maintenance. At the beginning of the internship I had several
learning goals regarding industry working style.

During my training period I was assigned a testing department, as it is the most

important to test the final coming out transformer before dispatch. But before this I
trained in the different departments to learnt the manufacturing processes of the
company and check on the employee that if they are doing their work assigned to them
in proper manner and time, and also what progress are made on the daily basis.

4.2 Task assigned

I was assigned as intern supervisor but with the lack of knowledge the employee also
look after me and taught me about various things, as there was a production manager
who was the most senior and also my mentor I was under his guidance as the daily task
was assigned by him and I was said to do what he says. As the main Job as supervisor
intern was to monitor the reading of the test on transformer and to do the routine check-
up as the monitoring the new equipment is necessary, so they may work properly also
if there is a fault that should be taken care at initial stage. Then the equipment may work
efficiently at the full load.

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Fig 4.2 (a) Measuring Bridge

Fig 4.2 (b) Oil Testing Instrument

In the first week of my intern I was assigned to look after to the purchase department,
there I understood their working style, the main function of this departments are
procurement of stores through indigenous sources as required in accordance with the
rules in force, dealing with different suppliers, transports offices, checking of
requisition/purchase indents, selection of suppliers for issue of inquiries, analyzing
quotation and bids etc., and preparation of comparative statements (quotation charts),
negotiating contracts, issue of purchase orders. Once they assigned me the task to
analyze the legal condition of the contracts, and summarized it. This department issues
the purchase orders, follow-up of purchase orders for delivery in due time, verification
and passing of supplier’s bills to see that payments are made promptly. Correspondence

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and dealing with suppliers, carriers etc. regarding shortages, rejections etc. maintenance
of purchase records, maintenance of progressive expenditure statements, sub head wise.

I usually get the task in these department, to maintain the record of the vendor
performance and enlist the information of the employees. Keeping various
department/divisions informed of the progress of their indents in case of delay in
obtaining suppliers, servicing as an information center on the materials knowledge i.e.
their prices, source of supply, specification and other allied matters. Development of
reliable and alternate sources of supply.

For the first month I was assigned the task to look after the control/testing panel that
were installed in the testing room, also they were installed for readings of test and
maintenance, So I have to look if they are properly installed as my mentor said they
should be. After this there was also the routine checks of transformer and the furnace
having high temperature should be set within the limits as prescribed, then I was
assigned the task to explain the connection diagram specify by the customer. As I
wasn’t good in that but later, they explained the whole connection with the reasons why
it is so.

4.2.1 What is Transformer?

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
without changing frequency through inductively coupled conductors- transformer’s
coils. A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer’s core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding.
This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or “voltage”,
in the secondary winding. This effect is called inductive coupling.
If a load is connected to the secondary, current will flow in the secondary winding, and
electrical energy will be transferred from the primary circuit through the transformer to
the load in an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (Vs) is
in proportion to the primary voltage (Vp) and is given by the ratio of the number of
turns in the secondary (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary (Np) as follows:
Vs/ Vp = Np / Ns

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Fig 4.2.1 Transformer

4.2.2 Principle and working of transformer

The transformer is based on two principles; first, that an electric current can produce a
magnetic field (electromagnetism) and second that a changing magnetic field within a
coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coils. Changing the current in the
primary coil changes the magnetic flux, the changing magnetic flux induces a voltage
in the secondary coil.

4.2.3 Distribution transformer

Distribution transformers are used for distribution network in urban cities, high rise
buildings, rural electrification and industrial units. AEPL supplied the transformers to
various applications. AE manufactures current transformers, potential transformers,
and combined CTPT.

4.2.4 Design
The winding forms the vital part of the transformer. Highly sophisticated design
techniques are applied for electrical, mechanical and thermal stability. Helical and
continuous disc type windows are made as they provide maximum strength and short
circuit with stand capabilities. The coils are pressed before core-coil assembly to ensure
proper trouble-free service. Clamping rings are placed on top and bottom of the winding
to ensure high short circuit withstand capability to the transformer.

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4.2.5 Parts of transformer

1. Laminated core
2. Windings
3. Insulating materials
4. Transformer oil
5. Tap changer
6. Conservator
7. Radiator
8. Breather unit
9. Oil level indicator
10. Temperature dial
11. HV/LV Bushings
12. Main tank
13. Oil filling plug
14. Drain plug
15. Cable box

4.2.6 Name plate

Name plate give the information of specification by which one can identify the
instrument. Mainly on the current transformer name plate its KVA, type, number of
C.T/unit, C.T. ratio, class, burden, frequency is specified. And on the potential
transformer no. of P.T., ratio, class, no. of phases, connection etc. are mentioned. Fig
shows the 11 KV CTPT metering set.

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Fig. 4.2.6 Name Plate of Outdoor Type CTPT Metering Set

4.2.7 Testing of transformer

It is the responsibility of the testing section that the transformer does not fall in real
condition. To check that it will not fail in real environment a number of tests are done
on the transformer before it is ready to dispatch. There are two types of tests which are
done on transformer.
1. Routine test
2. Type test
3. Special test
1. Routine test: It is mainly for confirming operational performance of individual
transformer unit in a production lot. Routine test is carried out on every unit
manufactured. These tests include:
• Parametric test
a. No load test: This test is used to determine the core losses of transformer and
hence predetermine the efficiency and regulation.

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Fig. 4.2.7 (a) No Load Test of Transformer

The test is conducted on low voltage (LV) side of the transformer whereas the high
voltage (HV) side is open circuited.

b. Load loss/impedance test: This test is used to find copper losses of

transformer and series branch parameters, hence predetermine the efficiency
and regulation of transformer.

Fig. 4.2.7 (b) Load loss/Impedance Test

The test is conducted on high voltage (HV) side of the transformer whereas the low
voltage (LV) side is short circuited.

c. Turns ratio test: Turns ratio test/voltage ratio test are done in transformer to
find out the open circuited turns, short circuited turns in transformer winding.

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Fig. 4.2.7 (c) Bridge connection for measuring turns ratio

• Dielectric test
a. Induced voltage test [DVDF test]: The induced voltage test of transformer is intended
to check the inter turn and line end insulation as well as main insulation to earth and
between windings. Double voltage and double frequency test panel is used to perform
DVDF test for power and distribution transformers. This test set provides a
continuously variable output voltage at double frequency to test the insulation between
turns of coils, layer to layer.

Fig. 4.2.7 (d) DVDF Testing

b. Separate source voltage withstand test: This dielectric test is intended to check the
ability of main insulation to earth and between windings.
c. Insulation resistance test: This test is conduct to check insulation resistance across
HV winding and across HV and LV windings. Also known as IRT test. Insulation
resistance test are commonly measured directly in megaohms or may be calculated from

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the applied voltage and leakage current. The recommended practice in measuring
insulation resistance is to always ground the tank (and the core).

Fig. 4.2.7 (e) Insulation resistance Test

d. Dielectric value test [BDV test]

The dielectric test of transformer is generally performed in two different steps,
likewise, separate source voltage withstands test and induced voltage withstand
test of transformer, as discussed above.
The dielectric test is conducted on a medium used for insulation purpose (oil in the
case) to check the quality of test oil. All the dielectric test checks the insulation of
the job.

Fig. 4.2.7 (f) BDV Test Instrument

2. Type test: To prove the transformer prove the customer specifications and design
expectations, the transformer has to go through different testing procedures in
manufacturer premises. These tests are mainly done in a prototype unit not in all
manufactured units on a lot.
a. Winding resistance test: Transformer winding resistance measurement is
carried out as a type test; it helps in determining the following:
• Calculation of the I2R losses of transformer.

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• Calculation of winding temperature at the end of temperature rise test of
transformer.
b. Lightning impulse test: lightning is a common phenomenon in transmission
Lines because of their tall height. The lightning stroke on the conductor causes
impulse voltage the terminal equipment of transmission line such as power
transformer then experiences this lightning impulse voltages. The magnitude of
switching impulses may be about 3.5 times the system voltage.

The purpose of these test is to secure that the transformer insulation withstands the
lightning overvoltage which may occur in service.

Fig. 4.2.7 (g) Connection of Impulse Test

3. Special tests: These tests are done as per the customer requirement to obtain
information useful to the user during operation and maintenance. Special test of
transformer includes
1. Measurement of zero-sequence impedance of three phase transformers.
2. Vector group test
3. Measurement of harmonics of no-load current.
4. Measurement of the power taken by fans and oil pumps.
5. Test on bought out components/accessories such as buchholz relay,
temperature indicator, pressure relief device, oil preservation system.

4.2.8 Inspection and test plan for transformer

The inspection and test plan for transformer provides the information about transformer
test and transformer inspection in manufacturing industry.
The IEC, NEC, NEMA, ISO ANSI, CI standards requirements normally are applied for
inspection and test plan. The witness of inspection and test by third party inspector is
mandatory and cannot be waived.
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There are some of inspection points which need to be checked, monitored and reviewed
by third party inspector in transformer manufacturing industry.
Important points:
• Witness of out of tank inspection, consisting of check of wiring for adequacy of
insulation, cleaning and termination. If tap changer switch fitted, check for all
electrical connections and switch mechanism.

• Final inspection after tanking, consisting of witness full tests, including heat run or
standard abbreviation test as may be specified, check tank seams for signs of oil
leakage.
• Check of handling for all ancillary equipment fitted as requisitioned, dimensional
check to GA drawing and check for rating plate and general paint etc.

4.2.9 Transformer manufactured in the company

a. Current Transformer

Current Transformer (CT) are used for current metering and protection in high voltage
network system. They transform the high current on the high voltage side into low
current (1 or 5Amps) adequate to be processed in measuring and protection instruments
(Secondary equipment, such as relays and recorders). A current transformer also
isolates the measuring instruments from the high voltage of the monitored circuit.
Current transformers are commonly used for metering and protection in the electrical
power industry.

Fig. 4.2.9 (h) Current Transformer

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Features:
• Meets all latest IEC and IS metering and protection classes, including special core
classes (other standards available on request).

• Low weight and minimum oil volume design.

• High accuracy up to 0.1 and 0.2S class.

• Rated primary currents up to 3000A.

• Rated secondary current 1A or 5A.

• True hermetical sealing.

• Rated short circuit withstand up to 40KA for 3 sec.

• Highly refined and processed oil/paper insulation system.

• Available in both dead tank and live tank design.

• Uniformly distributed secondary windings guarantee accurate transformation at

both rated and high currents.

• Stable accuracy over a long period of time.

• Successful field experience since the manufacture of the first current instrument
transformer in 2001.

• CTs are virtually maintenance free during a long lifetime.

Table 4.2.9 (a) Specification of CT

Particulars Unit General Specification

High system voltage KV 12

36

145

Applicable standards IS 2705, IS 16227 & IEC 61689

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Rated system voltage KV 11

33

132

One-minute power KV 28
frequency dry withstand 70
voltage on primary winding
275

One-minute power KV 3KV

frequency dry withstand
voltage on secondary
winding

Lightning impulse KVp 95

170

650

Rated primary current A As per requirement

Rated secondary current A 5A or 1A

Short time thermal KA/s As per requirement

withstand current/Duration

Number of cores As per requirement

Output/Accuracy As per requirement

Above specification are of indicative purpose only. CTs up to 145 KV can be

manufactured in any specific requirement of customer. CTs can also be manufactured
in rein cast insulation.

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b. Potential transformer

Potential transformer (PT), are used for voltage metering and protection in high voltage
network system. They transform the high voltage into low voltage adequate to be
processed in measuring and protection instruments (Secondary equipment, such as
relays and recorders). A potential transformer (PT) also isolates the measuring
instruments from the high voltage of the monitored circuit. Voltage transformers are
used for metering and protection in the electrical power industry.

Fig. 4.1.9 (i) Potential Transformer

Features:

• Meets all latest IEC and IS standards.

• Low weight and minimum oil volume design.

• High accuracy up to 0.1 class.

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• True hermetical sealing.

• Highly refined and processed oil/paper insulation system.

• Uniformly distributed secondary windings guarantee accurate transformation.

• Stable accuracy over a long period of time.

• Successful field experience since the manufacture of the first voltage instrument
transformer in 2001.

• PTs are virtually maintenance free during a long lifetime.

Table 4.2.9 (b) Specification of PT

Particulars Unit General Specifications

High system voltage KV 12
36

Applicable standards IS 3156, IS 16227 & IEC

61689

Rated system voltage KV 11

33

One-minute power KV 28
Frequency dry withstand 70
voltage on primary winding

One-minute power KV 3 KV

frequency dry withstand

voltage on secondary
winding

Lightning impulse KVp 95

170

Rated primary voltage KV 11KV

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33KV

Rated secondary voltage V 110V/3 or 110V

Voltage factor 1.2cont./1.9 for 30 sec
Number of secondary Max 3
Windings
Output/Accuracy As per requirement

Above specification are for indicative purpose only. PTs up to 36 KV can be

manufactured in any specific requirement of customer. PTs can also be manufactured
in rein cast insulation.

c. Combined Instrument Transformer

The combined instrument transformer (CTPT) offers the station designer the ability of
being able to accommodate the current transformer and the voltage transformer in one
free-standing unit. This allows optimum use of substation space while yielding cost
savings by elimination of one set of mounting pads and support structures. In addition,
installation time is greatly reduced.

Fig. 4.1.9 (j) Three Phase combined CTPT Units

Features:
• Meets all latest IEC and IS metering and protection classes, including special core

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classes (other standards available on request).

• Low weight and minimum oil volume design.

• Available in both single phase and three phase design.

• High accuracy up to 0.1 and 0.2S class.

• Rated primary currents up to 3000A.

• Rated secondary current 1A or 5A.

• True hermetical sealing.

• Rated short circuit withstand up to 40KA for 3 sec.

• Highly refined and processed oil/paper insulation system.

• Uniformly distributed secondary windings guarantee accurate transformation at

both rated and high currents.

• Stable accuracy over a long period of time.

Successful field experience since the manufacture of the first current instrument
transformer in 2001.

Table 4.2.9 (c) Specification of CTPT

Particulars Unit General

Specifications
High system voltage KV 12
36

Applicable standards IS 3156, IS 16227 & IEC

61689

Rated system voltage KV 11

33

One-minute power KV 28

frequency dry withstand 70

voltage on primary
Winding

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One-minute power KV 3 KV

frequency dry withstand

voltage on secondary
winding

Lightning impulse KVp 95

170

Rated primary current A As per requirement

Rated secondary current A 5A or 1A

Short time thermal As per requirement

withstand
current/Duration

Number of cores As per requirement

CT Output/Accuracy As per requirement

Rated primary voltage KV 11KV

33KV

Rated secondary voltage V 110V/3 or 110V

Voltage factor 1.2cont./1.9 for 30 sec

Number of secondary Max 3

windings

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4.2.10 Advantages
1. This instrument transformer can be used to extend the range of measuring
instruments like ammeters and voltmeters.
2. The power losses in is very small as compared to power loss due to resistance of
shunts and multipliers.
3. The measuring instruments can be placed far away from high voltage side by
connecting long wires to instrument transformer. This ensures the safety of
instruments as well as the operator.
4. By using current transformer with tong tester, the current in a heavy current circuit
can be measured.
5. A transformer with lower losses reduces the amount of power generation needed to
accommodate the losses. This in turn reduces the emission of greenhouse gases.

4.2.11 Disadvantages
1. For large transformers, above a few MVA, the cost is so high that transformers are
custom built.
2. Low impedance hence high short circuit currents for short circuit on secondary side.
3. If a section common to primary and secondary is opened, full primary voltage
appears across the secondary resulting in higher voltage on and danger of accidents.

4.2.12 Applications
1. Transmission lines.
2. Radar system.
3. Tool machines.
4. Data processing equipment. Telecommunication system.
5. Test control and measuring systems.
6. Safety alarm and lightning plants.

4.2.13 List of major testing Equipments

1. Partial discharge detector with HV Coupling capacitor (1000pF/300KV).
2. CT and PT burden boxes.
3. Precision standard CTs and PTs.
4. High voltage testing transformer with control unit (Upto 300KV).

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5. High current injection sources with control unit.
6. Digital CTPT automatic test set.
7. Automatic capacitance set and Tan delta set.
8. Fluke multimeters.

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CHAPTER 5
LEARNING EXPERIENCE

5.1 Knowledge acquired:

In the beginning of internship, when they taught me the basics, I understood easily
because of the knowledge I acquired by studying during semester exams helps me to
catch the terminology used there. Well said that the knowledge is the most powerful to
build yourself or destroy. During training I got different experience ad learned by
mistakes. In the institutes there are various machines and instruments in our department,
so it quite easy to identify them in the company. Once my mentor tests me by asking
the name of megger instrument but I got it and answered it correctly. Many of the
doubts of mine cleared by the workers because they know it by experience although
they were not educated but by the time they started getting the things. They were quite
simple, and supportive.
During my training period as a learner I came to know about how to implement your
theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge though. I was under the production
manager and was asked to look after the works because it should do with very care and
perfection because my mistake can be risk of company equipment. So first I was
explained safety and precautions, we have to wear proper shoes, not to touch any
charged or uncharged equipment without permission. To be a supervisor is not an easy
task because you should have all the knowledge and solutions that you have done
practically in your life, proper reporting and monitoring is not easy task if you don’t
have knowledge.
In this duration of time I have learned that nothing in electrical can be done without
knowledge of Indian standards, as there are certain value and limit that cannot be
exceeded.

5.2 Skills learned:

Being a supervisor means you are carrying responsibilities of the workers working
under you and also you should be well aware of the things in each field, it also means
that should be able to communicate with the co-workers and also to the people you are
working for.

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You should always have positive attitude towards the worker and people around, and a
clear mind to solve the problem. We need to confident and first try to analyze the
problem before reaching to conclusion. I also learnt that in the industries that there
should not be any kind leniency with respective paper and it has to be procedural
manner, as under a supervisor I have also learned that you have to be prepared for
problems that may arise and also you should know that where the problem may arise
and what measures have to be taken in account because ‘measures are better than cure’.
Also, there should be proper communication with your workers so they can convey the
issue or problem faced by them. A team can consist of numbers of workers say 5-10
person, which have their specialty in different works, so there is a team work.

5.3 Observed Attitudes and values gained:

In this you have to be hard working and humble also have a very mind to understand
and gasp things, as this career can be exhausting because you have to go to various sites
and take care of every problem which includes communication because you have to be
in continuous touch of the worker and take the report of the progress that has been made
so, you have to be punctual you to tackle the different duties and well prepared. Also,
you always show a positive attitude towards learning new things because it’s a vast
field and new things will come in your experience which will make you better in your
working area so always be ready to learn and enthusiastic. There are different kinds of
people you may face try to learn the positive attitude of them. One of the most important
things gain from an internship is newfound knowledge. This can include knowing how
to fulfil tasks that are relevant to my desired career path and sharpening the skills that
one already possesses.
5.3.1 Team work
The first thing we need to mention is definitely team work. My internship experience
is unlike my college project where one person did all the work and the grades were
shared among the rest. Here, it is more professional and each one in a team needs to
work together to finish the task.

5.3.2 Work ethics

I won’t really learn about work ethics until working in a tangible work environment. In
college education, we are used to making excuses for late submissions, short attendance

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and what not! But it is only when we are introduced to the actual environment that we
learn work ethics.

5.3.3 Responsibility
Often missed out in the list of soft skills, being responsible is an integral skill required
in the job arena. My internship experience makes you me responsible and accountable
for what decisions you make and how I, execute what’s been allocated to me.

5.3.4 Time management

Last on my list, but still as important as the others, is time management. Earlier, we
could just miss a class because we had some personal commitments. During an
internship which is almost the beginning of your work life, we can’t mark our absence
on a regular basis.

5.4 The most challenging task performed

I couldn’t now which task was most challenging as of now there were many tasks
attempted but one of the tasks, that I felt that it is most challenging that was testing. As
there were many testing instruments, while testing the transformer is tested on full load,
half load and quarter load. The high voltage of KVs is applied on secondary. For testing
of transformer, connection should be changed. Hence, precaution should be taken care
of it will risk to life. so, it is the work of responsibility.

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CHAPTER 6
SWOT ANALYSIS

6.1 SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is a business analysis process that ensures that objective for a project
are clearly defined and that all factors related to the project are properly identified. The
SWOT analysis process involves four areas: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,
Threats. Both internal and external components are considered when doing SWOT
analysis, as they have the potential to impact the success of project or venture.

6.1.1 Strength
The best testimony of company’s technology, quality and service can be seen by the
gamut of repeat orders given to it by esteemed clients. Good corporate image, complete
range of products for distribution. Established brand name, company to be having
technology and design ability. The company has strong and wide network of manpower.
In the field the main strength is your workers and knowledge with never giving up spirit
because if you are a supervisor in the field you should know your work and should be
able to convey to the worker and make sure the output is best. Also, in the situation if
we are stuck and cannot find a solution we should not give up or loose hopes it may
create a chaos in worker’s mind.

Accurate metering: Revenue of electrical utilities depends on the accuracy of

instrument transformers. A good product ensures accuracy and precise metering for
years maintain growth of company.

Reliable operation: An instrument transformer is responsible for providing input to

the relay which operates a circuit breaker in case of faults. A good quality product
protects extremely expensive substation equipment with great reliability.

Long life and safety of personnel: the operational life of good quality instrument

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transformer increases manifolds thus ensuring excellent return of investment.

6.1.2 Weaknesses
it is imperative to be open to innovative procurement policies considering the extent
of time before new opportunities for any transformer reinvestment occurs. Transformer
operates very efficiently and have life expectancies that exceeds 25-40 years and more.
Unlike other sectors, the window for new replacement opportunities do not reoccur for
at least another 25-40 years. The other weakness is:
Low exposure to the and dynamics of distribution business.
Role clarity on the requirement of being an equipment supplier or a solution provider.
Acceptance of customers to execute low value high volume jobs.

6.1.3 Opportunities
India is on the verge of becoming major power nation among developing economies.
Electricity is a key constituent for the economic growth of the country and is directly
linked to GDP of the country. There has been a surge in demand for power in India due
to increase in capacity utilization, industrialization, urbanization and population.
The government initiatives like DDUGJY, IPDS and growing FDI in power industry
are few growth drivers in the industry. The growth in renewable energy sector also
substantially helps in increase in demand for transformers.
Informing about the major growth drivers design team of transformers should be very
strong and is one of the major growth drivers in industry. They need to make the designs
in such a way that material required for manufacturing transformers should be available
freely (many suppliers) and less customized materials need to be ordered. The windings
should be made easy so that workmen find them easy to assemble. The other growth
driver is coordination between different departments (active path and tanks).
Apart from manufacturing transformers, transformer service industry can also be
started thus achieving third-party contracts from governments or other private players.
Current transformers and potential transformers can be manufactured from the wastage
of distribution and power transformers reducing the manufacturing costs.
The prevalent scenarios suggest a optimistic growth potential within the organized
sector of the industry. Initiative like rural electrification, privatization of utilities and
‘Make in India’ shall be the primitive drivers towards the growth story of the industry.

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However, to our understanding, only efficient and quality focused organization can be
benefited from such drivers.

6.1.4 Threats
There are always new technologies on horizon, which include the IoT, robotics, and
manufacturing software. The emergence of these advanced technologies certainly gets
manufacturers overwhelmed.
India’s transformer market is predominantly unorganized with many small participants
catering to the smaller distribution transformer markets. However, many are slowly
graduating to the medium-sized category, thus expanding the organized participants’
base. This makes the market more competitive and price sensitive rather than quality.
If an organization focuses on quality manufacturing of transformers, they can sustain
the competition and have incremental growth.
Informing about the major growth drivers design team of transformers should be very
strong and is one of the major growth drivers in industry. They need to make the designs
in such a way that material required for manufacturing transformers should be available
freely (many suppliers) and less customized materials need to be ordered. The windings
should be made easy so that workmen find them easy to assemble. The other growth
driver is coordination between different departments (active path and tanks).
Underground wire is insulated properly but, if a leakage occurs it can electrify the
ground and condition of shock can occur if someone comes in contact with the ground,
also if the live wire fell off to the ground it can be harmful to humans as well as animal.
High voltage fluctuations can be said as most severe threat because as you know small
fluctuation can result in minute damage but if the voltage is high it can even result in
bursting of transformer also the feeder connected may experience a high voltage surge
and many electrical machines like refrigerator, Television, PC etc. can be damaged.
Load variation or increase in the load can also cause the DPTR to burst due to sudden
increment in load.

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CHAPTER 7
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION & SOLUTION

7.1 Consequences of the current problem

India’s transformer market is predominantly unorganized with many small participants
catering to the smaller distribution transformer markets. However, many are slowly
graduating to the medium-sized category, thus expanding the organized participants’
base. This makes the market more competitive and price sensitive rather than quality.
If an organization focuses on quality manufacturing of transformers, they can sustain
the competition and have incremental growth.
There are wide variety of products and different star ratings requirement from
customers/clients. So, certifications of each and every product become an expensive
process due to a smaller number of testing facilities. Testing infrastructure available at
India’s premium agency, the CPRI is proving short of demand as they are not in pace
with the production both quantitatively and qualitatively. So, large power transformers
are sometimes sent to overseas facilities for testing. It takes around 2-3 months for BEE
certification. Dual certification from both BIS and BEE is required in India which is
even more challenging.
The demand from the manufacturing segment is still a major concern for the industry,
the manufacturing sector is yet to see an investment uptick due to low capacity
utilization and this has led to slowdown in new as well as expansion projects.
The slowdown in the manufacturing segment has a ‘Domino’ effect on the overall
transformer industry – low power demand from the manufacturing segment is one of
the major reasons for reducing peak power deficit in the country, excess power from
the manufacturing sector is diverted to residential and agricultural sectors shortening
power outages in these sectors. Unless power demand from manufacturing segment
increases the utilities will be not be very enthusiastic to spend on improving power
availability or expanding the network. Hence, demand expansion in the core
manufacturing sectors is very critical for the transformer industry.
Renewable energy sector projects, especially in the solar segment have witnessed a
serious slowdown in projects after showing significant growth in 2015 and 2016. This
has hampered spending on transmission projects resulting in delay in project approvals

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and project cancellations. In a recent move, Indian government imposed 70 per cent
safeguard duty on imported solar cells; this could increase the overall project cost and
is further expected to impact growth in solar projects and will cause low spending in
associated transmission projects.
Challenges remain always for quality manufacturers because MKT Realization versus
cost always will race with each other. The cost of manufacturing of quality transformers
as per Level 3 is quite high (IS 1180 transformer almost costs double of IS 2026) so
few competitors are finding nook and corners to sacrifice on materials to bag orders
which ultimately does not serve the basic purpose that is to reduce distribution losses
by supply highly efficient transformer.
What remains to be seen, is how our industry can cope the challenges that we face
today. Right from the lack of technology for Indian produced CRGO core, which in-
turn translates to utilization of poor quality, or pre-used / scraped core in the majority
market; to the lack of awareness in the mid-sized industries towards reliable
management of transformer and power system; what we need is a paradise shift in our
approach as a nation.
manufacturers have been looking for effective ways to reduce costs and improve
efficiency at their plants. Many of them choose to sacrifice the quality of their products
to reduce their production costs, but this will only reduce their profitability, because
dissatisfied customers will stop buying from them.

7.2 Solutions
The immediate target for the transformers industry as well as the policy makers will be
to curb the losses associated with distribution transformer failure which are relatively
higher in the Indian context compared to global benchmark. In addition, standardize
and improve the efficiency of the transformers over a period of time which will add to
overall efficiency gains and savings across the T&D grid operation.
Transformers account for significant capital expenditure for the utilities. One of the key
goals for the industry will be to gradually move from capital expenditure (CAPEX)
based mindset to look at the transformer total cost of ownership which in long run will
benefit the utilities.
Government has to come forward and promote quality suppliers to permanently raise
the health level of electrical network. It is worth to mention that more and more

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inefficient transformers in distribution circuit actually make the total T&D system
paralyzed because there is huge line losses on 24×7 basis totaling millions of rupees.
wastage which otherwise could have helped the country to progress.
Explaining about the key targets to achieve in transformer business, the market analysis
indicates that, we are known to be a quality manufacturer and have established our
credentials in specialized application. Most of customers are repeat in nature because
they seek to maintain good relationship with their client on a long-term basis and hence
always prefer ET make low loss transformers. Specialized field always need odd ratings
and hence are not very popular as design and manufacturing expertise are basic
mandates in these kinds.
One of the most effective ways to optimize efficiency at manufacturing plants is to
modernize the processes and systematize the workflows. Manufacturers need to
minimize time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks, reduce material waste, optimize
the use of equipment by minimizing damage, and simplify their supply chains.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems can facilitate all of them, thus enabling
manufacturers to achieve optimal efficiency.

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

8.1 Conclusion

The overall internship experience at Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt. Ltd. was just
phenomenal. With guides and mentor, it is more knowledgeable and useful. As
internship in the company started from. The experience and the knowledge I have
gained here has made me more confident. Internship provide me opportunities to gain
experience in the relevant field which “bridges the gap” between the academic
environment and a practical work environment. Besides, this internship program made
me to realize the value of teamwork and as new experience in working environment,
which challenges every minute.

Power sector is the most important and developing sector in India. Distribution
transformer is one of the key elements of power system. Apoorv Electricals (India) Pvt.
is listed in trade India’s list of verified sellers offering supreme quality of transformer.
The main reason working behind this success is their manufacturing process and
materials. The company has a good future as it is proving a quality product.

During training period, I studied the transformer manufacturing process, specially

transformer testing station. The study was very useful and knowledgeable for me. I got
insight into professional practice and also learned the different facts of working within
a company. At last this internship has given me new insights and motivation to pursue
a career in future.

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REFERENCE

1. www.apoorvelectricals.com
2. www.eprmagazine.com
3. www.grandviewresearch.com

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