Grid Code
Grid Code
December 2001
FOREWORD
The Philippine Grid Code establishes the basic rules, requirements, procedures, and
standards that govern the operation, maintenance, and development of the high-voltage
backbone Transmission System in the Philippines. The Grid Code identifies and
recognizes the responsibilities and obligations of three (3) key independent functional
groups, namely (a) Grid Owner, (b) System Operator, and (c) Market Operator. These
functional groups and all Users of the Grid must comply with all the provisions of the
Grid Code. The Grid Code is intended to be used with the Market Rules of the Wholesale
Electricity Spot Market to ensure the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the Grid.
Republic Act No. 9136, also known as the “Electric Power Industry Reform Act of
2001,” mandated the creation of the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC). Section
43(b) of the Act also provides that the ERC promulgate and enforce a National Grid
Code and a Distribution Code which shall include, but not limited to: (a) Performance
Standards for TRANSCO O & M Concessionaire, Distribution Utilities, and Suppliers,
and (b) Financial Capability Standards for the generating companies, the TRANSCO,
Distribution Utilities, and Suppliers. The Act also mandates the ERC to enforce
compliance to the Grid Code, the Distribution Code, and the Market Rules and to impose
fines and penalties for any violation of their provisions.
The Grid Code was prepared using a functional rather than an organizational format so
that it will remain robust and require minimum changes as the Philippine electric power
industry is transformed to its new organizational structure.
The safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the Grid requires the cooperation of all
industry participants. It is important that all Grid Users follow the instructions and orders
of the System Operator to ensure the reliable operation of the Grid. The System Operator
will work closely with the Market Operator to dispatch the generation schedule and
provide the necessary support in satisfying the technical and operational requirements of
real-time control of the Grid.
The policies and decisions of the Grid Owner, System Operator, and Market Operator on
matters involving the operation, maintenance, and development of the Grid will affect all
industry participants and end-users. It is important, therefore, that all affected parties
have a voice in making decisions and policies involving the operation, maintenance, and
development of the Grid. The Grid Code provides this mechanism through the Grid
Management Committee, which will relieve the Energy Regulatory Commission from
the tedious task of monitoring the day-to-day operation of the Grid.
The Philippine Grid Code (PGC) is organized into ten (10) Chapters. These are:
Chapter 1. Grid Code General Conditions
Chapter 2. Grid Management
Chapter 3. Performance Standards for Transmission
Chapter 4. Financial Standards for Generation and Transmission
Chapter 5. Grid Connection Requirements
Chapter 6. Grid Planning
December 2001 i
Foreword Philippine Grid Code
WHEREAS, the Congress of the Philippines enacted Republic Act No. 9136, also known
as the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001, to ordain reforms in the Electric
Power Industry and to provide framework for the restructuring thereof, including the
privatization of the assets of the National Power Corporation, the transition to the desired
competitive electric power industry structure, and the definition of the roles and
responsibilities of the various government agencies and private entities;
WHEREAS, the Act declared the policy objectives of the government in undertaking the
reform of the electric power industry, which include among others:
(a) To ensure quality, reliability, security, and affordability of the supply of
electric power; and
(b) To protect the public interest as it is affected by the rates and services of
electric utilities and other providers of electric power.
WHEREAS, the Act mandated the creation of the Energy Regulatory Commission
(ERC), an independent, quasi-judicial regulatory body that is tasked to promote
competition, encourage market development, ensure customer choice, and penalize abuse
of market power in the restructured electric power industry;
WHEREAS, the Act mandated the ERC to promulgate and enforce, in accordance with
law, a National Grid Code and a Distribution Code.
WHEREAS, the Act mandated that the Grid Code and the Distribution Code shall include
performance standards for the National Transmission Corporation (TRANSCO) and/or its
operations and maintenance concessionaire, Distribution Utilities and Suppliers, and
financial capability standards for the Generating Companies, the TRANSCO,
Distribution Utilities, and Suppliers;
WHEREAS, the Grid Code shall provide for the rules, requirements, procedures, and
standards that will ensure the safe, reliable, secured and efficient operation, maintenance,
and development of the high-voltage backbone transmission system in the Philippines;
WHEREAS, the Distribution Code shall provide for the rules, requirements, procedures,
and standards that will ensure the safe, reliable, secured and efficient operation,
maintenance, and development of the distribution systems in the Philippines;
Adoption of the Philippine Grid Code and the Philippine Distribution Code Philippine Grid Code
NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of Republic Act No. 9136, the Commission RESOLVES,
as it so hereby RESOLVES, to adopt the PHILIPPINE GRID CODE and the
PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION CODE.
FURTHER, RESOLVED, that this Resolution and the Codes shall be effective on the
fifteenth (15th) day following their publication in at least two (2) national papers of
general circulation.
Fe B. Barin
Chairman
iv December 2001
PHILIPPINE GRID CODE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword.......................................................................................................................i
Adoption of the Philippine Grid Code and the Philippine Distribution Code......iii
2 Grid Management......................................................................................................23
2.1 Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................23
2.1.1 Purpose.........................................................................................................23
2.1.2 Scope of Application....................................................................................23
2.2 Grid Management Committee...............................................................................23
2.2.1 Functions of the Grid Management Committee...........................................23
2.2.2 Membership of the GMC..............................................................................24
6 Grid Planning.............................................................................................................65
6.1 Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................65
6.1.1 Purpose.........................................................................................................65
6.1.2 Scope of Application....................................................................................65
6.2 Grid Planning Responsibilities and Procedures.....................................................65
6.2.1 Grid Planning Responsibilities.....................................................................65
6.2.2 Submission of Planning Data........................................................................66
6.2.3 Consolidation and Maintenance of Planning Data.......................................67
7 Grid Operations.........................................................................................................77
7.1 Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................77
7.1.1 Purpose.........................................................................................................77
7.1.2 Scope of Application....................................................................................77
7.2 Grid Operating States, Operating Criteria, and Protection....................................78
7.2.1 Grid Operating States...................................................................................78
7.2.2 Grid Operating Criteria.................................................................................79
7.2.3 Grid Protection..............................................................................................79
7.3 Operational Responsibilities..................................................................................79
7.3.1 Operational Responsibilities of the System Operator...................................79
7.3.2 Operational Responsibilities of the Grid Owner..........................................80
7.3.3 Operational Responsibilities of Generators..................................................80
7.3.4 Operational Responsibilities of Other Grid Users........................................81
7.4 Grid Operations Notices and Reports....................................................................81
7.4.1 Grid Operations Notices...............................................................................81
7.4.2 Grid Operations Reports...............................................................................82
7.5 Grid Operating and Maintenance Programs..........................................................82
7.5.1 Grid Operating Program...............................................................................82
7.5.2 Grid Maintenance Program...........................................................................83
7.6 Frequency Control and Voltage Control................................................................84
7.6.1 Methods of Frequency and Voltage Control................................................84
7.6.2 Primary and Secondary Response of Generating Units................................85
7.6.3 Spinning Reserve and Backup Reserve........................................................85
7.6.4 Automatic Load Dropping............................................................................85
7.6.5 Manual Load Dropping.................................................................................86
1.3.1.2 The ERC shall establish the Grid Management Committee (GMC) to
monitor Grid Code compliance at the operations level and to submit
regular and special reports pertaining to Grid operations.
1.3.1.3 The GMC shall also initiate an enforcement process for any
perceived violations of Grid Code provisions and recommend to the ERC
the appropriate fines and penalties for such violations.
1.3.2 Suspension of Provisions
Any provision of the Grid Code may be suspended, in whole or in part, when the Grid
is not operating in the Normal State or pursuant to any directive given by the ERC or
the appropriate government agency.
2 December 2001
1.5.3 Definitions
When a word or phrase that is defined in the Definitions Article is more particularly
defined in another Article, Section, or Subsection of the Grid Code, the particular
definition in that Article, Section, or Subsection shall prevail if there is any
inconsistency.
1.5.4 Foreword, Table of Contents, and Titles
The Table of Contents was added for the convenience of the users of the Grid Code.
The Table of Contents, the Foreword, and the titles of the Chapters, Articles, and
Sections shall not be considered in interpreting the Grid Code provisions.
1.5.5 Mandatory Provisions
The word “shall” refers to a rule, procedure, requirement, or any provision of the Grid
Code that requires mandatory compliance.
1.5.6 Singularity and Plurality
In the interpretation of any Grid Code provision, the singular shall include the plural
and vice versa, unless otherwise specified.
1.5.7 Gender
Any reference to a gender shall include all other genders. Any reference to a person
or entity shall include an individual, partnership, company, corporation, association,
organization, institution, and other similar groups.
1.5.8 “Include” and “Including”
The use of the word “include” or “including” to cite an enumeration shall not impose
any restriction on the generality of the preceding words.
1.5.9 “Written” and “In Writing”
The words “written” and “in writing” refer to the hardcopy of a document that is
generally produced by typing, printing, or other methods of reproducing words in a
legible format.
1.5.10 Repealing Clause
All existing rules and regulations, orders, resolutions, and other similar issuances,
or parts thereof, which are inconsistent with the provisions of the Philippine Grid
Code are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
1.6 DEFINITIONS
In the Grid Code the following words and phrases shall, unless more particularly defined
in an Article, Section, or Subsection of the Grid Code, have the following meanings:
Accountable Manager. A person who has been duly authorized by the Grid Owner (or a
User) to sign the Fixed Asset Boundary Documents on behalf of the Grid Owner (or
the User).
Act. Republic Act No. 9136 also known as the “Electric Power Industry Reform Act of
2001”, which mandated the restructuring of the electricity industry, the privatization
of the National Power Corporation, and the institution of reforms, including the
promulgation of the Philippine Grid Code and the Philippine Distribution Code.
Active Energy. The integral of the Active Power with respect to time, measured in Watt-
hour (Wh) or multiples thereof. Unless otherwise qualified, the term “Energy” refers
to Active Energy.
Active Power. The time average of the instantaneous power over one period of the
electrical wave, measured in Watts (W) or multiples thereof. For AC circuits or
Systems, it is the product of the root-mean-square (RMS) or effective value of the
voltage and the RMS value of the in-phase component of the current. In a three-phase
System, it is the sum of the Active Power of the individual phases.
Administrative Loss. The component of System Loss that refers to the Energy used in
the proper operation of the Grid (e.g. station service) that is not classified as
Technical Loss or Non-technical Loss.
Adverse Weather. A weather condition that results in abnormally high rate of Forced
Outages for exposed Components while such condition persists, but does not qualify
as a Major Storm Disaster. An Adverse Weather condition can be defined for a
particular System by selecting the proper values and combinations of the weather
conditions reported by the Weather Bureau including thunderstorm, wind velocity,
precipitation, and temperature.
Alert Warning. A notice issued by the System Operator, including Yellow Alert, Blue
Alert, and Red Alert, to notify the Grid Users that an alert state exists.
Amended Connection Agreement. An agreement between a User and the Grid Owner
(or the Distributor), which specifies the terms and conditions pertaining to the
renovation or modification of the User System or Equipment at an existing
Connection Point in the Grid (or the Distribution System).
Ancillary Service. Support services such as Frequency Regulating and Contingency
Reserves, Reactive Power support, and Black Start capability which are necessary to
support the transmission capacity and Energy that are essential in maintaining
Power Quality and the Reliability and Security of the Grid.
Apparent Power. The product of the root-mean-square (RMS) or effective value of the
current and the root-mean-square value of the voltage. For AC circuits or systems, it
is the square root of the sum of the squares of the Active Power and Reactive Power,
measured in volt-ampere (VA) or multiples thereof.
Asset Transfer Date. Such date as may be appointed by the Secretary of the DOE by
order of the Act for the transfer of the Grid Owner’s assets to Users or vice versa.
Automatic Generation Control (AGC). The regulation of the power output of
Generating Units within a prescribed area in response to a change in system
Frequency, tie-line loading, or the relation of these to each other, so as to maintain the
System Frequency or the established interchange with other areas within the
predetermined limits or both.
Automatic Load Dropping (ALD). The process of automatically and
deliberately removing pre-selected Loads from a power System in response to
an abnormal condition in order to maintain the integrity of the System.
Availability. The long-term average fraction of time that a Component or System is in
service and satisfactorily performing its intended function. Also, the steady-state
probability that a Component or System is in service.
Average Assets. The average of the assets at the beginning and end of the period.
Average Collection Period. The ratio of average receivables to daily sales.
Average Inventory. The average of the inventory at the beginning and end of the period.
Average Receivables. The average of the accounts receivable at the beginning and end
of the period.
Average Sales. The average of the sales at the beginning and end of the period.
Backup Protection. A form of protection that operates independently of the specified
Components in the primary protective System. It may duplicate the primary
protection or may be intended to operate only if the primary protection fails or is
temporarily out of service.
Backup Reserve. Refers to a Generating Unit that has Fast Start capability and can
Synchronize with the Grid to provide its declared capacity for a minimum period of
eight (8) hours. Also called Cold Standby Reserve.
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages. Three sinusoidal voltages with equal frequency and
magnitude and displaced from each other in phase by an angle of 120 degrees.
Black Start. The process of recovery from Total System Blackout using a Generating
Unit with the capability to start and synchronize with the System without an external
power supply.
Blue Alert. A notice issued by the System Operator when a tropical disturbance is
expected to make a landfall within 24 hours.
Business Day. Any day on which banks are open for business.
Capability and Availability Declaration. Refers to the data submitted by the Generator
for its Scheduled Generating Unit, which is used by the Market Operator in preparing
the day-ahead Generation Schedule. It includes declaration of capability and
availability, Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters, and Price Data.
Central Dispatch. The process of issuing direct instructions to the electric power
industry participants by the System Operator to achieve an economic operation while
maintaining Power Quality, Stability, and the Reliability and Security of the Grid.
Circuit Breaker. A mechanical switching device, which is capable of making, carrying,
and breaking current under normal circuit conditions and also capable of making,
carrying for a specified time, and breaking current under specified abnormal circuit
conditions, such as a short circuit.
Committed Project Planning Data. The data pertaining to a User Development once the
offer for a Connection Agreement or an Amended Connection Agreement is accepted.
Completion Date. The date, specified in the Connection Agreement or Amended
Connection Agreement, when the User Development is scheduled to be completed
and be ready for connection to the Grid.
Component. A piece of Equipment, a line or circuit, a section of line or circuit, or a
group of items, which is viewed as a unit for a specific purpose.
Connected Project Planning Data. The data which replaces the estimated values that
were assumed for planning purposes, with validated actual values and updated
estimates for the future and by updated forecasts, in the case of forecast data.
Connection Agreement. An agreement between a User and the Grid Owner (or the
Distributor), which specifies the terms and conditions pertaining to the connection of
the User System or Equipment to a new Connection Point in the Grid (or the
Distribution System).
Connection Point. The point of connection of the User System or Equipment to the Grid
(for Users of the Grid) or to the Distribution System (for Users of the Distribution
System).
Connection Point Drawings. The drawings prepared for each Connection Point, which
indicate the equipment layout, common protection and control, and auxiliaries at
the Connection Point.
Constrained Generation Schedule. The Generation Schedule prepared by the Market
Operator after considering operational constraints, including the Grid constraints,
changes in Generating Unit Declared Data and parameters, and changes in forecasted
data.
Contingency Reserve. Generating Capacity that is intended to take care of the loss of the
largest Synchronized Generating Unit or the power import from a single Grid
interconnection, whichever is larger. Contingency Reserve includes Spinning Reserve
and Backup Reserve.
Control Center. A facility used for monitoring and controlling the operation of the Grid,
Distribution System, or a User System.
Critical Loading. Refers to the condition when the loading of transmission lines or
substation Equipment is between 90 percent and 100 percent of the continuous rating.
Customer. Any person/entity supplied with electric service under a contract with a
Distributor or Supplier.
Customer Demand Management. The reduction in the Supply of Electricity to a
Customer or the disconnection of a Customer in a manner agreed upon for
commercial purposes, between a Customer and its Generator, Distributor, or
Supplier.
Customer Self-Generating Plant. A Customer with one or more Generating Units not
subject to Central Dispatch, to the extent that it operates exclusively to supply all or
part of its own electricity requirements, and does not export electrical power using the
Distribution System.
Days in Inventory. The ratio of average inventory to cost of goods sold per day.
Debt-Equity Ratio. The ratio of long-term debt to total long-term capital.
Debt Ratio. The ratio of total liabilities to total assets.
Declared Data. The data provided by the Generator in accordance with the latest/current
Generating Unit parameters.
Declared Net Capability. The Capability of a Generating Unit as declared by the
Generator net of station service.
Degradation of the Grid. A condition resulting from a User Development or a Grid
expansion project that has a Material Effect on the Grid or the System of other Users
and which can be verified through Grid Impact Studies.
Demand. The Active Power and/or Reactive Power at a given instant or averaged over a
specified interval of time, that is actually delivered or is expected to be delivered by
an electrical Equipment or supply System. It is expressed in Watts (W) and/or VARs
and multiples thereof.
Demand Control. The reduction in Demand for the control of the Frequency when the
Grid is in an Emergency State. This includes Automatic Load Dropping, Manual
Load Dropping, demand reduction upon instruction by the System Operator, demand
disconnection initiated by Users, Customer Demand Management, and Voluntary
Load Curtailment.
Demand Control Imminent Warning. A warning from the System Operator, not
preceded by any other warning, which is issued when a Demand Reduction is
expected within the next 30 minutes.
Demand Forecast. The projected Demand and Active Energy related to a Connection
Point in the Grid.
Department of Energy (DOE). The government agency created pursuant to Republic
Act No. 7638 which is provided with the additional mandate under the Act of
supervising the restructuring of the electricity industry, developing policies and
procedures, formulating and implementing programs, and promoting a system of
incentives that will encourage private sector investments and reforms in the electricity
industry and ensuring an adequate and reliable supply of electricity.
Detailed Planning Data. Additional data, which the Grid Owner requires, for the
conduct of a more accurate Grid planning study.
Disconnection. The opening of an electrical circuit to isolate an electrical System or
Equipment from a power source.
Dispatch. The process of apportioning the total Demand of the Grid through the issuance
of Dispatch Instructions to the Scheduled Generating Units and the Generating Units
providing Ancillary Services in order to achieve the operational requirements of
balancing Demand with generation that will ensure the Security of the Grid.
Dispatch Instruction. Refers to the instruction issued by the System Operator to the
Generators with Scheduled Generating Units and the Generators whose Generating
Units will provide Ancillary Services to implement the final Generation Schedule in
real time.
Dispute Resolution Panel. A panel appointed by the GMC (or DMC) to deal with
specific disputes relating to violations of the provisions of the Grid Code (or
Distribution Code).
Distribution Code. The set of rules, requirements, procedures, and standards governing
Distribution Utilities and Users of Distribution System in the operation, maintenance
and development of the Distribution System. It also defines and establishes the
relationship of the Distribution System with the facilities or installations of the parties
connected thereto.
Distribution of Electricity. The conveyance of electric power by a Distribution Utility
through its Distribution System.
Distribution System. The system of wires and associated facilities belonging to a
franchised Distribution Utility, extending between the delivery points on the
transmission, sub-transmission system, or Generating Plant connection and the point
of connection to the premises of the End-User.
Distribution Utility. An Electric Cooperative, private corporation, government-owned
utility, or existing local government unit that has an exclusive franchise to operate
a Distribution System.
Distributor. Has the same meaning as Distribution Utility.
Dynamic Instability. A condition that occurs when small undamped oscillations begin
without any apparent cause because the Grid is operating too close to an unstable
condition.
Earth Fault Factor. The ratio of the highest RMS phase-to-ground power Frequency
voltage on a sound phase, at a selected location, during a fault to ground affecting one
or more phases, to the RMS phase-to-ground power Frequency voltage that would be
obtained at the selected location with the fault removed.
Electric Cooperative. A cooperative or corporation authorized to provide electric
services pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 269, as amended, and Republic Act
No. 6938 within the framework of the national rural electrification plan.
Electrical Diagram. A schematic representation, using standard electrical symbols,
which shows the connection of Equipment or power System Components to each
other or to external circuits.
Embedded Generating Plant. A Generating Plant that is connected to a Distribution
System or the System of any User and has no direct connection to the Grid.
Embedded Generating Unit. A Generating unit within an Embedded Generating Plant.
Embedded Generator. A person or entity that generates electricity using an Embedded
Generating Plant.
Emergency State. The Grid operating condition when a Multiple Outage Contingency
has occurred without resulting in Total System Blackout and any of the following
conditions is present: (a) generation deficiency exists; (b) Grid transmission voltages
are outside the limits of 0.90 and 1.10; or (c) the loading level of any transmission
line or substation Equipment is above 110 percent of its continuous rating.
End-User. A person or entity that requires the supply and delivery of electricity for its
own use.
Energy. Unless otherwise qualified, refers to the Active Energy.
Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC). The independent, quasi-judicial regulatory
body created pursuant to Republic Act No. 9136, which is mandated to promote
competition, encourage market development, ensure customer choice, and penalize
abuse of market power in the restructured electricity industry and among other
functions, to promulgate and enforce the Philippine Grid Code and the Philippine
Distribution Code.
Equipment. All apparatus, machines, conductors, etc. used as part of, or in connection
with, an electrical installation.
Equipment Identification. The System of numbering or nomenclature for the
identification of Equipment at the Connection Points in the Grid.
Event. An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence of an abrupt change or disturbance in a
power System due to fault, Equipment Outage, or Adverse Weather Condition.
Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS). The expected Energy curtailment due to
generating capacity Outages in the specified period.
Extra High Voltage (EHV). A voltage level exceeding 230 kV up to 765 kV.
Fast Start. The capability of a Generating Unit or Generating Plant to start and
synchronize with the Grid within 15 minutes.
Fault Clearance Time. The time interval from fault inception until the end of the arc
extinction by the Circuit Breaker.
Fault Level. The expected current, expressed in kA or in MVA, that will flow into a
short circuit at a specified point in the Grid or System.
Financial Current Ratio. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities.
Financial Efficiency Ratio. A financial indicator that measures the productivity in the
entity’s use of its assets.
Financial Year. The same as the calendar year.
Fixed Asset Boundary Document. A document containing information and which
defines the operational responsibilities for the Equipment at the Connection Point.
Flicker. The impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus
whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time.
Forced Outage. An Outage that results from emergency conditions directly associated
with a Component, requiring that it be taken out of service immediately, either
automatically or as soon as switching operations can be performed. Also, an Outage
caused by human error or the improper operation of Equipment.
Franchise Area. A geographical area assigned or granted to a Distributor for the
Distribution of Electricity.
Frequency. The number of complete cycles of a sinusoidal current or voltage per unit
time, usually measured in cycles per second or Hertz.
Frequency Control. A strategy used by the System Operator to maintain the Frequency
of the Grid within the limits prescribed by the Grid Code by the timely use of
Frequency Regulating Reserve, Contingency Reserve, and Demand Control.
Frequency Regulating Reserve. Refers to a Generating Unit that assists in Frequency
Control by providing automatic Primary and/or Secondary Frequency response.
Frequency Variation. The deviation of the fundamental System Frequency from its
nominal value.
Generating Plant. A facility, consisting of one or more Generating Units, where electric
Energy is produced from some other form of Energy by means of a suitable
apparatus.
Generating Unit. A conversion apparatus including auxiliaries and associated
Equipment, functioning as a single unit, which is used to produce electric Energy
from some other form of Energy.
Generation Company. Any person or entity authorized by the ERC to operate a facility
used in the Generation of Electricity.
Generation of Electricity. The production of electricity by a Generation Company.
Generation Schedule. Refers to the schedule that indicates the hourly output of the
Scheduled Generating Units and the list of Generating Units that will provide
Ancillary Services for the next Schedule Day.
Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters. Refers to the technical data
pertaining to the Scheduled Generating Units, which are taken into account in the
preparation of the Generation Schedule.
Generator. Has the same meaning as Generation Company.
Good Industry Practice. The practices and methods not specified in specific standards
but are generally accepted by the power industry to be sound and which ensure the
safe and reliable planning, operation, and maintenance of a power System.
Grid. The high voltage backbone System of interconnected transmission lines,
substations, and related facilities for the purpose of conveyance of bulk power. Also
known as the Transmission System.
Grid Code. The set of rules, requirements, procedures, and standards to ensure the safe,
reliable, secured and efficient operation, maintenance, and development of the high
voltage backbone Transmission System and its related facilities.
Grid Impact Studies. A set of technical studies which are used to assess the possible
effects of a proposed expansion, reinforcement, or modification of the Grid or a User
Development and to evaluate Significant Incidents.
Grid Owner. The party that owns the high voltage backbone Transmission System and
is responsible for maintaining adequate Grid capacity in accordance with the
provisions of the Grid Code.
Grounding. A conducting connection by which an electrical circuit or Equipment is
connected to earth or to some conducting body of relatively large extent that serves as
ground.
Harmonics. Sinusoidal voltages and currents having frequencies that are integral
multiples of the fundamental frequency.
High Voltage (HV). A voltage level exceeding 34.5 kV up to 230 kV.
IEC Standard. The international standard for electro-technical Equipment approved and
published by the International Electrotechnical Commission.
Imminent Overloading. Refers to the condition when the loading of transmission lines
or substation Equipment is above 100 percent up to 110 percent of the continuous
rating.
Implementing Safety Coordinator. The Safety Coordinator assigned by the Grid Owner
(or the User) to establish the requested Safety Precautions in the User System (or the
Grid).
Interest Cover. The ratio of earnings before interest and taxes plus depreciation to
interest plus principal payments made during the year.
Interruption. The loss of service to a Customer or a group of Customers or other
facilities. An Interruption is the result of one or more Component Outages.
Interruption Duration. The period from the initiation of an Interruption up to the time
when electric service is restored.
Island Grid. A Generating Plant or a group of Generating Plants and its associated load,
which is isolated from the rest of the Grid but is capable of generating and
maintaining a stable supply of electricity to the Customers within the isolated area.
Isolation. The electrical separation of a part or Component from the rest of the electrical
System to ensure safety when that part or Component is to be maintained or when
electric service is not required.
Large Customer. A Customer with a demand of at least one (1) MW, or the threshold
value specified by the ERC.
Large Generator. A Generation Company whose generating facility at the Connection
Point has an aggregate capacity in excess of 20 MW.
Leverage Ratio. A financial indicator that measures how an entity is heavily in debt.
Liquidity Ratio. A financial indicator that measures the ability of an entity to satisfy its
short-term obligations as they become due.
Load. An entity or an electrical Equipment that consumes electrical Energy.
Load Factor. The ratio of the total Energy delivered during a given period to the product
of the maximum Demand and the number of hours during the same period.
Load Reduction. The condition in which a Scheduled Generating Unit has reduced or is
not delivering electrical power to the System to which it is Synchronized.
Local Safety Instructions. A set of instructions regarding the Safety Precautions on HV
or EHV Equipment to ensure the safety of personnel carrying out work or testing on
the Grid or the User System.
Long Duration Voltage Variation. A variation of the RMS value of the voltage from
nominal voltage for a time greater than one (1) minute.
Long Term Flicker Severity. A value derived from twelve (12) successive
measurements of Short Term Flicker Severity over a two-hour period. It is calculated
as the cube root of the mean sum of the cubes of twelve (12) individual
measurements.
Loss of Load Probability (LOLP). The expected number of days in a specified period in
which the daily peak Demand will exceed the available generating capacity.
Low Voltage. A voltage level not exceeding 1000 volts.
Maintenance Program. A set of schedules, which are coordinated by the Grid Owner
and the System Operator, specifying planned maintenance for Equipment in the Grid
or in any User System.
Major Storm Disaster. A weather condition wherein the design limits of Equipment or
Components are exceeded, and which results in extensive mechanical fatigue to
Equipment, widespread customer Interruption, and unusually long service restoration
time.
Manual Load Dropping (MLD). The process of manually and deliberately removing
pre-selected Loads from a power System, in response to an abnormal condition, and
in order to maintain the integrity of the System.
Market Operator. An independent group, with equitable representation from the electric
power industry participants, whose task includes the operation and administration of
the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market in accordance with the Market Rules.
Material Effect. A condition that has resulted or is expected to result in problems
involving Power Quality, System Reliability, System Loss, and safety. Such
condition may require extensive work, modification, or replacement of Equipment in
the Grid or the User System.
Medium Voltage (MV). A voltage level exceeding one (1) kV up to 34.5 kV.
Merit Order Table. Refers to the list showing the offer prices and the corresponding
capacity of the Scheduled Generating Units arranged in a manner such that the lowest
offer price is at the top of the list.
Minimum Stable Loading. The minimum Demand that a Generating Unit can safely
maintain for an indefinite period of time.
Modification. Any actual or proposed replacement, renovation, or construction in the
Grid or the User System that may have a Material Effect on the Grid or the System of
any User.
Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI). The total number of
momentary customer power Interruptions within a given period divided by the
total number of customers served within the same period.
Momentary Interruption. An Interruption whose duration is limited to the period
required to restore service by automatic or supervisory controlled switching
operations or by manual switching at a location where an operator is immediately
available.
Multiple Outage Contingency. An Event caused by the failure of two or more
Components of the Grid including Generating Units, transmission lines,
and transformers.
National Electrification Administration (NEA). The government agency created under
Presidential Decree No. 269, whose additional mandate includes preparing Electric
Cooperatives in operating and competing under a deregulated electricity market,
strengthening their technical capability, and enhancing their financial viability as
electric utilities through improved regulatory policies.
National Power Corporation (NPC). The government corporation created under
Republic Act No. 6395, as amended, whose generation assets, real estate, and other
disposable assets, except for the assets of SPUG, and IPP contracts, shall be
privatized, and whose transmission assets shall be transferred to the Power Sector
Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation (PSALM).
National Transmission Corporation (TRANSCO). The corporation that assumed the
authority and responsibility of planning, maintaining, constructing, and centrally
operating the high-voltage Transmission System, including the construction of Grid
interconnections and the provision of Ancillary Services.
Negative Sequence Unbalance Factor. The ratio of the magnitude of the negative
sequence component of the voltages to the magnitude of the positive sequence
component of the voltages, expressed in percent.
Net Profit Margin. The ratio of net profit after taxes to sales.
Non-Technical Loss. The component of System Loss that is not related to the physical
characteristics and functions of the electrical System, and is caused primarily by
human error, whether intentional or not. Non-Technical Loss includes the Energy lost
due to the tampering of meters and erroneous meter reading.
Normal State. The Grid operating condition when the System Frequency, voltage, and
transmission line and equipment loading are within their normal operating limits, the
Operating Margin is sufficient, and the Grid configuration is such that any fault
current can be interrupted and the faulted equipment isolated from the Grid.
Notice to Synchronize. The notice given by the System Operator to a Generator
requiring a Generating Unit to Synchronize with the Grid.
Operating Margin. The margin of generation over the total Demand plus losses that is
necessary for ensuring Power Quality and the Security of the Grid. Operating Margin
is the sum of the Frequency Regulating Reserve and the Contingency Reserve.
Operating Program. A periodic program prepared by the Grid Owner and the System
Operator based on data submitted by Generators and Users which specifies the
expected Availability and aggregate capability of generation to meet forecasted
Demand.
Outage. The state of a Component when it is not available to perform its intended
function due to some event directly associated with that Component. An Outage may
or may not cause an Interruption of service to Customers.
Outage Duration. The period from the initiation of the Outage until the affected
Component or its replacement becomes available to perform its intended function.
Overvoltage. A Long Duration Voltage Variation where the RMS value of the voltage is
greater than or equal to 110 percent of the nominal voltage.
Partial System Blackout. The condition when a part of the Grid is isolated from the rest
of the Grid and all generation in that part of the Grid has Shutdown.
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC). The electrical safety Code that establishes basic
materials quality and electrical work standards for the safe use of electricity for light,
heat, power, communications, signaling, and other purposes.
Philippine Energy Plan (PEP). The overall energy program formulated and updated
yearly by the DOE and submitted to Congress pursuant to R.A. 7638.
Planned Activity Notice. A notice issued by a User to the Grid Owner and the System
Operator for any planned activity, such as a planned Shutdown or Scheduled
Maintenance of its Equipment, at least seven (7) days prior to the actual Shutdown or
maintenance.
Point of Grounding. The point on the Grid or the User System at which Grounding can
be established for safety purposes.
Point of Isolation. The point on the Grid or the User System at which Isolation can be
established for safety purposes.
Power Development Program (PDP). The indicative plan for managing Demand
through energy-efficient programs and for the upgrading, expansion, rehabilitation,
repair, and maintenance of power generation and transmission facilities, formulated
and updated yearly by the DOE in coordination with Generators, the Grid Owner,
System Operator, and Distribution Utilities.
Power Factor. The ratio of Active Power to Apparent Power.
Power Line Carrier (PLC). A communication Equipment used for transmitting data
signals through the use of power transmission lines.
Power Quality. The quality of the voltage, including its frequency and resulting current,
that are measured in the Grid, Distribution System, or any User System.
Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation (PSALM Corp.). The
Government-owned and controlled corporation created pursuant to Sec. 49 of the
Act, which took ownership of all existing NPC generation assets, liabilities, IPP
contracts, real estate, and all other disposable assets.
Preliminary Project Planning Data. The data relating to a proposed User
Development at the time the User applies for a Connection Agreement or an
Amended Connection Agreement.
Primary Response. The automatic response of a Generating Unit to Frequency changes,
released increasingly from zero to five seconds from the time of Frequency change,
and which is fully available for the next 25 seconds.
Profitability Ratio. A financial indicator that measures the entity’s return on its
investments.
Protective Device. A protective relay or a group of protective relays and/or logic
elements designed to perform a specified protection function.
Pumped Storage Plant. A hydro-electric Generating Plant which normally generates
electric Energy during periods of relatively high System Demand by utilizing water
which has been pumped into a storage reservoir usually during periods of relatively
low System Demand.
Quick Ratio. The ratio of current assets less inventory to current liabilities.
Reactive Energy. The integral of the reactive power with respect to time, measured in
VARh or multiples thereof.
Reactive Power. The component of electrical power representing the alternating
exchange of stored Energy (inductive or capacitive) between sources and loads or
between two systems, measured in VAR or multiples thereof. For AC circuits or
systems, it is the product of the RMS value of the voltage and the RMS value of the
quadrature component of the alternating current. In a three-phase system, it is the sum
of the Reactive Power of the individual phases.
Reactive Power Capability Curve. A diagram which shows the Reactive Power
capability limit versus the Real Power within which a Generating Unit is expected to
operate under normal conditions.
Red Alert. An alert issued by the System Operator when the Grid Contingency Reserve
is zero, a generation deficiency exists, or there is Critical Loading or Imminent
Overloading of transmission lines or Equipment.
Red Alert Warning. A warning issued by the System Operator to Users regarding a
planned Demand reduction following the declaration of a Red Alert.
Registered Data. Data submitted by a User to the Grid Owner at the time of connection
of the User System to the Grid.
Reliability. The probability that a System or Component will perform a required task or
mission for a specified time in a specified environment. It is the ability of a power
System to continuously provide service to its Customers.
Requesting Safety Coordinator. The Safety Coordinator assigned by the Grid Owner
(or the User) when it requests that Safety Precautions be established in the User
System (or the Grid).
Return on Assets (ROA). The ratio of net profits after taxes to average total assets.
Return on Investment (ROI). The most common name given by analysts to return on
assets.
Safety Coordinator. A person designated and authorized by the Grid Owner (or the
User) to be responsible for the coordination of Safety Precautions at the Connection
Point when work or testing is to be carried out on a System which requires the
provision of Safety Precautions for HV or EHV Equipment.
Safety Log. A chronological record of messages relating to safety coordination sent and
received by each Safety Coordinator.
Safety Precautions. Refers to the Isolation and Grounding of HV or EHV Equipment
when work or testing is to be done on the Grid or User System.
Safety Rules. The rules that seek to safeguard personnel working on the Grid (or User
System) from the hazards arising from the Equipment or the Grid (or User System).
Safety Tag. A label conveying a warning against possible interference or intervention as
defined in the safety clearance and tagging procedures.
Sales-to-Assets Ratio. The ratio of sales to average total assets.
Schedule Day. The period from 0000H to 2400H each day.
Scheduled Generating Plant. A Generating Plant whose Generating Units are subject to
Central Dispatch by the System Operator.
Scheduled Generating Unit. A Generating Unit within a Scheduled Generating Plant.
Scheduled Maintenance. The Outage of a Component or Equipment due to
maintenance, which is coordinated by the Grid Owner and the System Operator or
User, as the case may be.
Scheduling. The process of matching the offers to supply Energy and provide Ancillary
Services with the bids to buy Energy and the operational support required by the
Grid, to prepare the Generation Schedule, which takes into account the operational
constraints in the Grid.
Secondary Response. The automatic response to Frequency which is fully available 25
seconds from the time of Frequency change to take over from the Primary Response,
and which is sustainable for at least 30 minutes.
Security. The continuous operation of a power system in the Normal State, ensuring safe
and adequate supply of power to End-Users, even when some parts or Components
of the System are on Outage.
Security Red Alert. A notice issued by the System Operator when peace and order
problems exist, which may affect Grid operations.
Short Duration Voltage Variation. A variation of the RMS value of the voltage from its
nominal value for a time greater than one-half cycle of the power frequency but not
exceeding one minute.
Short Term Flicker Severity. A measure of the visual severity of Flicker derived from a
time-series output of a Flicker meter over a ten-minute period.
Shutdown. The condition of the Equipment when it is de-energized or disconnected from
the System.
Significant Incident. An Event on the Grid, a Distribution System, or the System of any
User that has a serious or widespread effect on the Grid, the Distribution System,
and/or the User System.
Significant Incident Notice. A notice issued by the System Operator or any User if a
Significant Incident has transpired on the Grid or the System of the User, as the case
may be.
Single Outage Contingency. An Event caused by the failure of one Component of the
Grid including a Generating Unit, transmission line, or a transformer.
Site. Refers to a substation or switchyard in the Grid or the User System where the
Connection Point is situated.
Small Generator. A Generation Company whose generating facility at the Connection
Point has an aggregate capacity of 20 MW or below.
Small Power Utilities Group (SPUG). The functional unit of NPC created to pursue the
missionary electrification function.
Spinning Reserve. The component of Contingency Reserve which is Synchronized to the
Grid and ready to take on Load. Also called Hot Standby Reserve.
Spot Market. Has the same meaning as the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market.
Stability. The ability of the dynamic Components of the power System to return to
a normal or stable operating point after being subjected to some form of change
or disturbance.
Standard Planning Data. The general data required by the Grid Owner as part of
the application for a Connection Agreement or Amended Connection Agreement.
Start-Up. The process of bringing a Generating Unit from Shutdown to
synchronous speed.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). A system of remote control and
telemetry used to monitor and control a power System.
Supplier. Any person or entity authorized by the ERC to sell, broker, market, or
aggregate electricity to the End-users.
Supply of Electricity. The sale of electricity by a party other than a Generator or a
Distributor in the Franchise Area of a Distribution Utility using the wires of
the Distribution Utility concerned.
Sustained Interruption. Any Interruption that is not classified as a
Momentary Interruption.
Synchronized. The state when connected Generating Units and/or interconnected AC
Systems operate at the same frequency and where the phase angle displacements
between their voltages vary about a stable operating point.
System. Refers to the Grid or Distribution System or any User System. Also a group of
Components connected or associated in a fixed configuration to perform a
specified function.
System Loss. The total Energy injected into the Grid (or the Distribution System) minus
the total Energy delivered to Distributors and End-Users. In the Grid Code, it is the
Energy injected into the Grid by Generating Plants, plus (or minus) the Energy
transported through Grid interconnections minus the total Energy delivered to
Distributors and End-Users. In the Distribution Code, it is the Energy received from
the Grid plus internally generated Energy by Embedded Generating Plants, plus (or
minus) the Energy transported by other Distributors minus the total Energy delivered
to End-Users.
System Operator. The party responsible for generation Dispatch, the provision of
Ancillary Services, and operation and control to ensure safety, Power Quality,
Stability, Reliability, and the Security of the Grid.
System Test. The set of tests which involve simulating conditions or the controlled
application of unusual or extreme conditions that may have an impact on the Grid or
the User System.
System Test Coordinator. A person who is appointed as the chairman of the System
Test Group.
System Test Group. A group established for the purpose of coordinating the System
Test to be carried out on the Grid or the User System.
System Test Procedure. A procedure that specifies the switching sequence and proposed
timing of the switching sequence, including other activities deemed necessary and
appropriate by the System Test Group in carrying out the System Test.
System Test Proponent. Refers to the Grid Owner or the User who plans to undertake a
System Test and who submits a System Test Request to the System Operator.
System Test Program. A program prepared by the System Test Group, which contains
the plan for carrying out the System Test, the System Test Procedure, including the
manner in which the System Test is to be monitored, the allocation of costs among
the affected parties, and other matters that the System Test Group had deemed
appropriate and necessary.
System Test Report. A report prepared by the Test Proponent at the conclusion of a
System Test for submission to the System Operator, the Grid Owner (if it is not the
System Test Proponent), the affected Users, and the members of the System Test
Group.
System Test Request. A notice submitted by the System Test Proponent to the System
Operator indicating the purpose, nature, and procedures for carrying out the proposed
System Test.
Technical Loss. The component of System Loss that is inherent in the physical delivery
of electric Energy. It includes conductor loss, transformer core loss, and technical
errors in meters.
Test and Commissioning. Putting into service a System or Equipment that has passed
all required tests to show that the System or Equipment was erected and connected in
the proper manner and can be expected to work satisfactorily.
Total Demand Distortion (TDD). The ratio of the root-mean-square value of the
harmonic content to the root-mean-square value of the rated or maximum demand
fundamental quantity, expressed in percent.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The ratio of the root-mean-square value of the
harmonic content to the root-mean-square value of the fundamental quantity,
expressed in percent.
Total System Blackout. The condition when all generation in the Grid has ceased, the
entire System has Shutdown, and the System Operator must implement a Black Start
to restore the Grid to its Normal State.
Transformer. An electrical device or Equipment that converts voltage and current from
one level to another.
Transient Instability. A condition that occurs when undamped oscillations between
parts of the Grid result in Grid separation. Such Grid disturbances may occur after a
fault and the loss of Generating Units and/or transmission lines.
Transient Voltages. High-frequency Overvoltages caused by lightning, switching of
capacitor banks or cables, current chopping, arcing ground faults, ferroresonance, and
other related phenomena.
Transmission Development Plan (TDP). The program for expansion, reinforcement,
and rehabilitation of the Transmission System which is prepared by the Grid Owner
and submitted to the DOE for integration with the PDP and PEP.
Transmission of Electricity. Refers to the conveyance of electricity through the Grid.
Transmission System. Has the same meaning as Grid.
Unconstrained Generation Schedule. The Generation Schedule without considering
any operational constraints such as the Grid constraints, changes in Generating Unit
Declared Data and parameters, and changes in forecasted data.
Underfrequency Relay (UFR). An electrical relay that operates when the System
Frequency decreases to a preset value.
Undervoltage. A Long Duration Voltage Variation where the RMS value of the voltage
is less than or equal to 90 percent of the nominal voltage.
User. A person or entity that uses the Grid or Distribution System and related facilities.
Also, a person or entity to whom the Grid Code or Distribution Code applies.
User Development. The System or Equipment to be connected to the Grid or to be
modified, including the relevant proposed new connections and/or modifications
within the User System that requires a Connection Agreement or an Amended
Connection Agreement.
User System. Refers to a System owned or operated by a User of the Grid or Distribution
System.
Voltage. The electromotive force or electric potential difference between two points,
which causes the flow of electric current in an electric circuit.
Voltage Control. The strategy used by the System Operator, Distributors, or User to
maintain the voltage of the Grid, Distribution System, or the User System within the
limits prescribed by the Grid Code or the Distribution Code.
Voltage Dip. Has the same meaning as Voltage Sag.
Voltage Fluctuation. The systematic variations of the voltage envelope or random
amplitude changes where the RMS value of the voltage is between 90 percent and
110 percent of the nominal value.
Voltage Instability. A condition that results in Grid voltages that are below the level
where voltage control Equipment can return them to the normal level. In many cases,
the problem is compounded by excessive Reactive Power loss.
Voltage Reduction. The method used to temporarily decrease Demand by a reduction of
the System voltage.
Voltage Sag. A Short Duration Voltage Variation where the RMS value of the voltage
decreases to between 10 percent and 90 percent of the nominal value.
Voltage Swell. A Short Duration Voltage Variation where the RMS value of the voltage
increases to between 110 percent and 180 percent of the nominal value.
Voltage Unbalance. In the Grid Code, it refers to the Negative Sequence Unbalance
Factor or the Zero Sequence Unbalance Factor. In the Distribution Code, it refers to
the maximum deviation from the average of the three phase voltages divided by the
average of the three phase voltages, expressed in percent.
Voltage Variation. The deviation of the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the voltage
from its nominal value, expressed in percent.
Voluntary Load Curtailment (VLC). The agreed self-reduction of Demand by
identified industrial End-Users to assist in Frequency Control when generation
deficiency exists.
Weather Disturbance Alert. A notice issued by the System Operator when a weather
disturbance has entered the Philippine area of responsibility.
Weather Disturbance Monitoring. The tracking of weather disturbances.
WESM Rules. The rules that govern the administration and operation of the Wholesale
Electricity Spot Market.
Wheeling Charge. Refers to the tariff paid for the conveyance of electric Power and
Energy through the Grid or a Distribution System.
Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM). The electricity market established by the
DOE pursuant to Section 30 of the Act.
Yellow Alert. A notice issued by the System Operator when the Contingency Reserve is
less than the capacity of the largest Synchronized Generating Unit or power import
from a single interconnection, whichever is higher.
Zero Sequence Unbalance Factor. The ratio of the magnitude of the zero sequence
component of the voltages to the magnitude of the positive sequence component of
the voltages, expressed in percent.
1.7 ABBREVIATIONS
A Ampere
AC Alternating Current
AGC Automatic Generation Control
ALD Automatic Load Dropping
DC Direct Current
DMC Distribution Management Committee
DOE Department of Energy
EBIT Earnings Before Interest and Taxes
EENS Expected Energy Not Supplied
EHV Extra High Voltage
ERB Energy Regulatory Board
ERC Energy Regulatory Commission
GMC Grid Management Committee
GW Gigawatt
GWh Gigawatt-hour
HV High Voltage
IDMAS Integrated Disturbance Monitoring and Analysis System
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IED Intelligent Electronic Devices
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISO International Standards Organization
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
kVARh Kilovar-hour
LOLP Loss-of-Load Probability
LV Low Voltage
MAIFI Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index
MLD Manual Load Dropping
MV Medium Voltage
MVA Megavolt-ampere
MVAR Megavar
MVARh Megavar-hour
MW Megawatt
MWh Megawatt-hour
NEA National Electrification Administration
NSUF Negative Sequence Unbalance Factor
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PDP Power Development Program
PEP Philippine Energy Plan
PLC Power Line Carrier
RISSP Record of Inter-System Safety Precautions
RMS Root-mean-square
ROA Return on Assets
ROI Return on Investment
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SEIN Standard Equipment Identification Number
SPUG Small Power Utility Group
TDD Total Demand Distortion
TDP Transmission Development Plan
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
TRANSCO National Transmission Corporation
UFR Underfrequency Relay
V Volts
VA Volt-Ampere
VAR Volt-Ampere Reactive
VLC Voluntary Load Curtailment
W Watt
WESM Wholesale Electricity Spot Market
Wh Watt-hour
ZSUF Zero Sequence Unbalance Factor
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CHAPTER 2
GRID MANAGEMENT
December 2001 23
Grid Management Philippine Grid Code
(g) Prepare regular and special reports for submission to the ERC, or as
required by the appropriate government agency, or when requested by a
Grid User.
2.2.2 Membership of the GMC
2.2.2.1 The GMC shall be composed of the following members who shall
be appointed by the ERC:
(a) One (1) member nominated by the System Operator;
(b) One (1) member nominated by the Grid Owner;
(c) One (1) member nominated by the Market Operator;
(d) Three (3) members nominated by Large Generators;
(e) One (1) member nominated by Small Generators;
(f) Three (3) members nominated by private and local
government Distributors;
(g) Three (3) members nominated by Electric Cooperatives, one (1) each
from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao;
(h) One (1) member nominated by Suppliers; and
(i) One (1) member nominated by Large Customers.
2.2.2.2 In addition to the regular members, there shall be three representatives,
one each from ERC, DOE, and NEA to provide guidance on government
policy and regulatory frameworks and directions. The government
representatives shall not participate in any GMC decision-making and in
the formulation of recommendations to the ERC.
2.2.2.3 The ERC shall issue the guidelines and procedures for the nomination
and selection of the GMC members.
2.2.2.4 The Chairman of the GMC shall be selected by the ERC from a list of
three (3) members nominated by the GMC. The first Chairman of the GMC,
however, shall be the member nominated either by the Grid Owner or the
System Operator.
2.2.2.5 The members of the GMC shall have sufficient technical background
and experience to fully understand and evaluate the technical aspects of Grid
operation, planning, and development.
2.2.3 Terms of Office of the GMC Members
2.2.3.1 All members of the GMC shall have a term of three (3) years and shall
be allowed only one re-appointment.
2.2.3.2 For the first appointees to the GMC, the Chairman shall hold office for
three (3) years, seven (7) members shall hold office for two (2) years, and
the remaining members shall hold office for one (1) year. The ERC shall
determine the terms of office of the initial GMC members.
2.2.3.3 Appointment to any future vacancy shall be only for the remaining
term of the predecessor.
2.2.4 GMC Support Staff and Operating Cost
2.2.4.1 The Grid Owner and the System Operator shall fund the operations of the
GMC and its subcommittees, including a permanent support staff, and
recover the costs from Grid service charges. The ERC shall issue the
guidelines pertaining to the budget of the GMC.
2.2.4.2 The GMC shall prepare and submit the budget requirements for the
following year to the Grid Owner and the System Operator by September of
the current year. Honoraria of GMC members and subcommittee members,
if any, shall be included in the operating cost of the GMC.
2.2.4.3 The salaries of all GMC members and all subcommittee members shall
be the responsibility of their respective employers or sponsoring
organizations.
2.2.5 GMC Rules and Procedures
2.2.5.1 The GMC shall establish and publish its own rules and
procedures relating to the conduct of its business. These include:
(a) Administration and operation of the Committee;
(b) Establishment and operation of GMC subcommittees;
(c) Evaluation of Grid operations reports;
(d) Coordination of dispute resolution process;
(e) Monitoring of Grid Code enforcement;
(f) Revision of Grid Code provisions;
(g) Review of the Transmission Development Plan;
(h) Review of major Grid reinforcement and expansion projects; and
(i) Coordination with the Philippine Electricity Management Board.
2.2.5.2 The rules and procedures of the GMC shall be approved by the ERC.
2.2.5.3 The GMC is expected to decide issues based on consensus rather than
by simple majority voting.
December 2001 25
2.3.1.3 The members of the Grid Planning Subcommittee shall have
sufficient technical background and experience in Grid planning.
2.3.2 Grid Operations Subcommittee
2.3.2.1 The GMC shall establish a permanent Grid Operations
Subcommittee with the following functions:
(a) Review and revision of Grid operations procedures and standards;
(b) Evaluation and making recommendations on Grid operations reports; and
(c) Evaluation and making recommendations on Significant Incidents.
2.3.2.2 The chairman and members of the Grid Operations Subcommittee
shall be appointed by the GMC.
2.3.2.3 The members of the Grid Operations Subcommittee shall have
sufficient technical background and experience in Grid operations.
2.3.3 Grid Reliability and Protection Subcommittee
2.3.3.1 The GMC shall establish a permanent Grid Reliability and
Protection Subcommittee with the following functions:
(a) Review and revision of Grid reliability and protection procedures
and standards;
(b) Evaluation and making recommendations on Grid reliability reports; and
(c) Evaluation and making recommendations on significant Grid events
or incidents caused by the failure of protection.
2.3.3.2 The chairman and members of the Grid Reliability and
Protection Subcommittee shall be appointed by the GMC.
2.3.3.3 The members of the Grid Reliability and Protection Subcommittee
shall have sufficient technical background and experience in Grid reliability
and protection.
2.3.4 Other Grid Subcommittees
The GMC may establish other ad hoc subcommittees as necessary.
December 2001 31
Performance Standards for Transmission Philippine Grid Code
TABLE 3.2
MAXIMUM HARMONIC CURRENT DISTORTION FACTORS
December 2001 33
3.2.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity
3.2.6.1 For the purpose of this Section, Voltage Fluctuations shall be defined as
systematic variations of the voltage envelope or random amplitude changes
where the RMS value of the voltage is between 90 percent and 110 percent
of the nominal voltage.
3.2.6.2 For the purpose of this Section, Flicker shall be defined as the
impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus
whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time.
3.2.6.3 In the assessment of the disturbance caused by a Flicker source with a
short duty cycle, the Short Term Flicker Severity shall be computed over a
10- minute period.
3.2.6.4 In the assessment of the disturbance caused by a Flicker source with a
long and variable duty cycle, the Long Term Flicker Severity shall be
derived from the Short Term Flicker Severity levels.
3.2.6.5 The Voltage Fluctuation at any Connection Point with a fluctuating
demand shall not exceed one percent (1%) of the nominal voltage for every
step change, which may occur repetitively. Any large Voltage Fluctuation
other than a step change may be allowed up to a level of three percent (3%)
provided that this does not constitute a risk to the Grid or to the System of
any User.
3.2.6.6 The Flicker Severity at any Connection Point in the Grid shall not
exceed the values given in Table 3.3.
TABLE 3.3
MAXIMUM FLICKER SEVERITY
December 2001 39
Financial Standards for Generation and Transmission Philippine Grid Code
4.2.2.3 The Debt Ratio shall be used to measure the proportion of assets
financed by creditors. The risk addressed by the Debt Ratio is the possibility
that the Generator cannot pay off interest and principal.
4.2.2.4 The Debt Ratio can also be calculated as the ratio of Long-Term Debt
plus Value of Leases to Long-Term Debt plus Value of Leases plus
Equity. Equity is the sum of Outstanding Capital Stock, Retained
Earnings, and Revaluation Increment.
4.2.2.5 The Debt-Equity Ratio shall indicate the relationship between long-term
funds provided by creditors and those provided by the Generators. The
Debt- Equity Ratio shall be calculated as the ratio of the sum of Long-Term
Debt plus Value of Leases to Equity. Equity shall be the sum of Outstanding
Capital Stock, Retained Earnings, and Revaluation Increment.
4.2.2.6 The Debt-Equity Ratio shall be used to compare the
financial commitments of creditors relative to those of the
Generators.
4.2.2.7 The Debt-Equity Ratio shall be used as a measure of the degree
of financial leverage of the Generator.
4.2.2.8 The Interest Cover shall measure the ability of the Generator to service
its debts. The Interest Cover shall be computed as the ratio of Earnings
Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) plus Depreciation to Interest plus Principal
Payments.
4.2.2.9 The Interest Cover shall also be used as a measure of financial leverage
for the Generator that focuses on the extent to which contractual interest and
principal payments are covered by earnings before interest and taxes plus
depreciation. The Interest Cover is identical to Debt Service Capability
Ratio because principal payments due during the year are included in the
denominator of the ratio.
4.2.3 Liquidity Ratios
4.2.3.1 Liquidity Ratios shall include the following:
(a) Financial Current Ratio; and
(b) Quick Ratio.
4.2.3.2 The Financial Current Ratio shall measure the ability of the Generator
to meet short-term obligations. The Financial Current Ratio shall be
calculated as the ratio of Current Assets to Current Liabilities. Current
Assets shall consist of cash and assets that can readily be turned into cash by
the Generator. Current Liabilities shall consist of payments that the
Generator is expected to make in the near future.
4.2.3.3 The Financial Current Ratio shall be used as a measure of the margin
of liquidity of the Generator.
4.2.3.4 The Quick Ratio shall measure the ability of the Generator to satisfy
its short-term obligations as they become due. The Quick Ratio shall be
calculated as the ratio of the sum of Cash, Marketable Securities, and
Receivables to the Current Liabilities.
4.2.3.5 The Quick Ratio shall be used to measure the safety margin for the
payment of current debt of the Generator if there is shrinkage in the value
of cash and receivables.
4.2.4 Financial Efficiency Ratios
4.2.4.1 Financial Efficiency Ratios shall include the following:
(a) Sales-to-Assets Ratio; and
(b) Average Collection Period.
4.2.4.2 The Sales-to-Assets Ratio shall measure the efficiency with which the
Generator uses all its assets to generate sales. The Sales-to-Assets Ratio shall
be calculated as the ratio of Sales to Average Total Assets. The Average Total
Assets shall be determined using the average of the assets at the beginning
and end of the year. The higher the Sales-to-Assets Ratio, the more efficiently
the Generator’s assets have been used.
4.2.4.3 The Average Collection Period (ACP) shall measure how quickly other
entities pay their bills to the Generator. The Average Collection Period shall
be calculated as the ratio of Average Receivables to Daily Sales. The
Average Receivables shall be determined using the average of the receivables
at the beginning and end of the year. Daily Sales shall be computed by
dividing Sales by 365 days.
4.2.4.4 The Average Collection Period shall be used to evaluate the credit
and collection policies of the Generator.
4.2.4.5 Two computations of the Average Collection Period shall be made:
(a) ACP with government accounts and accounts under litigation; and
(b) ACP without government accounts and accounts under litigation.
4.2.5 Profitability Ratios
4.2.5.1 Profitability Ratios shall include the following:
(a) Net Profit Margin; and
(b) Return on Assets.
4.2.5.2 The Net Profit Margin shall measure the productivity of sales effort. The
Net Profit Margin shall be calculated as the ratio of Net Profits After Taxes
to Sales. The Net Profits After Taxes shall be computed as Earnings Before
Interest and Taxes minus Tax (EBIT – Tax).
4.2.5.3 The Net Profit Margin shall be used to measure the percentage of
each peso of Generator sales that remain after all costs and expenses have
been deducted.
4.2.5.4 The Return on Assets shall measure the overall effectiveness of the
Generator in generating profits from its available assets. The Return on
Assets shall be calculated as the ratio of Earnings Before Interest and Taxes
minus
December 2001 41
Tax to the Average Total Assets. The Average Total Assets shall be computed
as the average of the assets at the beginning and end of the year.
4.2.6 Submission and Evaluation
4.2.6.1 Generators shall submit to the ERC true copies of audited balance
sheet and financial statement for the preceding year on or before May 15 of
the current year.
4.2.6.2 Generators shall submit to the ERC the average power consumption for
each class of customers for the preceding year. This requirement is due on
or before May 15 of the current year.
4.2.6.3 Failure to submit to the ERC the requirements shall serve as grounds for
the imposition of appropriate sanctions, fines, penalties, or adverse
evaluation.
4.2.6.4 All submissions are to be certified under oath by a duly
authorized officer.
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Grid Connection Requirements Philippine Grid Code
December 2001 49
submission of additional information and reports required by the Grid
Owner and other requirements prescribed by the ERC.
50 December 2001
5.3.3 Grid Impact Studies
5.3.3.1 The Grid Owner shall develop and maintain a set of required technical
planning studies for evaluating the impact on the Grid of any proposed
connection or modification to an existing connection. These planning studies
shall be completed within the period prescribed by the ERC. The Grid
Owner shall treat this period as the maximum acceptable planning study
duration.
5.3.3.2 The Grid Owner shall specify which of the planning studies described
in Article 6.3 will be carried out to evaluate the impact of the proposed User
Development on the Grid.
5.3.3.3 The User shall indicate whether it wishes the Grid Owner to undertake
additional technical studies. The User shall shoulder the cost of the
additional technical studies.
5.3.3.4 Any User applying for connection or a modification of an existing
connection to the Grid shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the
proposed User Development will not result in the Degradation of the Grid.
The Grid Owner may disapprove an application for connection or a
modification to an existing connection, if the Grid Impact Studies show
that the proposed User Development will result in the Degradation of the
Grid.
5.3.3.5 To enable the Grid Owner to carry out the necessary detailed Grid Impact
Studies, the User may be required to provide some or all of the Detailed
Planning Data listed in Article 6.5 ahead of the normal timescale referred to
in Section 5.3.6.
5.3.4 Application for Connection or Modification
5.3.4.1 The Grid Owner shall establish the procedures for the processing of
applications for connection or modification of an existing connection to
the Grid.
5.3.4.2 Any User applying for connection or a modification of an existing
connection to the Grid shall secure from the Grid Owner the Five-
Year Statement of the TDP.
5.3.4.3 The User shall submit to the Grid Owner the completed application
form for connection or modification of an existing connection to the Grid.
The application form shall include the following information:
(a) A description of the proposed connection or modification to an existing
connection, which shall comprise the User Development at the
Connection Point;
(b) The relevant Standard Planning Data listed in Article 6.4; and
(c) The Completion Date of the proposed User Development.
5.3.4.4 The User shall submit the planning data in three (3) stages, according
to their degree of commitment and validation as described in Section
5.10.2. These include:
(a) Preliminary Project Planning Data;
(b) Committed Project Planning Data; and
(c) Connected Project Planning Data.
5.3.5 Processing of Application
5.3.5.1 The Grid Owner shall process the application for connection or
modification to an existing connection within 30 days from the submission
of the completed application form.
5.3.5.2 After evaluating the application submitted by the User, the Grid Owner
shall inform the User whether the proposed User Development is
acceptable or not.
5.3.5.3 If the application of the User is acceptable, the Grid Owner and the User
shall sign a Connection Agreement or an Amended Connection Agreement,
as the case may be.
5.3.5.4 If the application of the User is not acceptable, the Grid Owner shall
notify the User why its application is not acceptable. The Grid Owner
shall include in its notification a proposal on how the User’s application
will be acceptable to the Grid Owner.
5.3.5.5 The User shall accept the proposal of the Grid Owner within 30 days, or
a longer period specified in the Grid Owner’s proposal, after which the
proposal automatically lapses.
5.3.5.6 The acceptance by the User of the Grid Owner’s proposal shall lead to
the signing of a Connection Agreement or an Amended Connection
Agreement.
5.3.5.7 If the Grid Owner and the User cannot reach agreement on the
proposed connection or modification to an existing connection, the Grid
Owner or the User may bring the matter before the ERC for resolution.
5.3.5.8 If a Connection Agreement or an Amended Connection Agreement is
signed, the User shall submit to the Grid Owner, within 30 days from
signing or a longer period agreed to by the Grid Owner and the User, the
Detailed Planning Data pertaining to the proposed User Development, as
specified in Article 6.5.
5.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date
5.3.6.1 The following shall be submitted by the User prior to the
commissioning date, pursuant to the terms and conditions and schedules
specified in the Connection Agreement:
(a) Specifications of major Equipment not included in the Standard
Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data;
(b) Details of the protection arrangements and settings referred to in Section
5.4.9 for Generating Units and in Section 5.5.2 for Distributors and other
Grid Users;
(c) Information to enable the Grid Owner to prepare the Fixed Asset
Boundary Document referred to in Article 5.7 including the name(s) of
Accountable Manager(s);
(d) Electrical Diagrams of the User’s Equipment at the Connection Point
as described in Article 5.8;
(e) Information that will enable the Grid Owner to prepare the
Connection Point Drawings, referred to in Article 5.9;
(f) Copies of all Safety Rules and Local Safety Instructions applicable to
the User’s Equipment and a list of Safety Coordinators, pursuant to the
requirements of Article 7.8;
(g) A list of the names and telephone numbers of authorized representatives,
including the confirmation that they are fully authorized to make
binding decisions on behalf of the User, for Significant Incidents
pursuant to the procedures specified in Section 7.7.2;
(h) Proposed Maintenance Program; and
(i) Test and Commissioning procedures for the Connection Point and the User
Development.
5.3.6.2 The requirements in items (e) and (f) above need not be submitted for
Embedded Generating Plants pursuant to the terms and conditions specified
in the Connection Agreement.
5.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid
5.3.7.1 Upon completion of the User Development, including work at the
Connection Point, the Equipment at the Connection Point and the User
Development shall be subjected to the Test and Commissioning
procedures specified in Section 5.3.6.
5.3.7.2 The User shall then submit to the Grid Owner a statement of readiness
to connect, which shall include the Test and Commissioning reports.
5.3.7.3 Upon acceptance of the User’s statement of readiness to connect, the
Grid Owner shall, within 15 days, issue a certificate of approval to connect.
5.3.7.4 The physical connection to the Grid shall be made only after the
certificate of approval to connect has been issued by the Grid Owner to
the User.
GRID PLANNING
December 2001 65
reviewing
66 December 2001
Philippine Grid Code Grid Planning
GRID OPERATIONS
December 2001 77
Grid Operations Philippine Grid Code
*
Note: This Chapter will be revised based on the provisions of the Market Rules
December 2001 99
Scheduling and Dispatch* Philippine Grid Code
*
Note: This Chapter will be revised based on the provisions of the Market Rules
9.2.2.2 Prior to the grant of permission to participate in the WESM, each market
participant shall register with the Market Operator the metering Equipment
at each Connection Point. The registration shall be done in accordance with
the Market Rules of the WESM. It shall be the responsibility of the market
participant to demonstrate that its metering equipment meets all the technical
requirements and standards set forth in this Chapter. The Market Operator
shall accept a meter registration only if all the relevant requirements of the
Grid Code and Market Rules have been met.
9.2.3 Active Energy and Demand Metering
9.2.3.1 Active Energy and Demand Revenue Metering shall be required at every
Connection Point. The metering point shall be as close as possible to the
Connection Point, otherwise a procedure shall be established to adjust
Energy loss between the metering point and the Connection Point.
9.2.3.2 The meter pulses shall be made available to allow separate recording
of the input and output Active Energy and Power at each Connection Point.
9.2.4 Reactive Energy and Demand Metering
9.2.4.1 Reactive Energy and Demand Revenue metering shall be required at
every Connection Point. The metering point shall be as close as possible to
the Connection Point, otherwise a separate procedure for adjusting Energy
loss between the point of metering and Connection Point shall be developed.
9.2.4.2 The Reactive Energy and Demand metering shall be provided to
independently meter input and output from the Grid. It shall measure
all quadrants in which Reactive Power flow is possible.
9.2.4.3 The meter pulses shall be made available to allow separate recording of
the input and output Reactive Energy and Demand at each Connection
Point.
9.2.5 Integrating Pulse Meters
9.2.5.1 To accommodate the operation of the WESM, Integrating Pulse Meters
shall be provided at every Connection Point to record Active and Reactive
integrated Demand data for use in billing and settlements for Energy
services provided by the Grid and for transactions between Users. An
exemption to this requirement shall be allowed for those Users provided
bundled services from the Operator.
9.2.5.2 All Integrating Pulse Meters shall be capable of electronic
downloading of stored data or manual on-site interrogation by the Meter
Operator.
9.2.5.3 All Integrating Pulse Meters shall have fail safe storage for at least
two months of integrated demand data and be capable of retaining readings
and time of day for at least two (2) days without an external power source.
9.3 METERING EQUIPMENT STANDARDS
9.3.1 Voltage Transformers
9.3.1.1 The voltage transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-phase
set, each of which complies with the IEC Standard or its equivalent national
standard for metering, and is of the 0.3 accuracy class. These voltage
transformers shall be connected Wye-Wye with both star points grounded to
a grounding Grid of acceptable resistance and shall provide a four-wire
secondary connection.
9.3.1.2 The voltage drop in each phase of the voltage transformer connections of
the same accuracy and class shall not exceed 0.2 V. It shall be connected
only to a billing meter with a burden that shall not affect the accuracy of
measurement.
9.3.2 Current Transformers
9.3.2.1 The current transformers shall comprise three units for a three-phase set,
each of which complies with the IEC Standard or its equivalent national
standard for metering, and is of 0.3 accuracy class. It is preferred that two (2)
current transformer cores with corresponding number of secondary coils per
phase be provided between the connection box and the terminal of the
metering element on the meter so that the current transformer connections
for checking meter pulses can be completely separated from those provided
for the revenue meters of this Chapter.
9.3.2.2 Provisions shall be made for another secondary winding if a check
metering current supply is requested by the User. The current transformer’s
rated secondary current shall be either 1 or 5 amperes. The neutral conductor
shall be effectively grounded at a single point and shall be connected only to
a billing meter with a burden that shall not affect the accuracy of
measurement.
9.3.3 Meters
9.3.3.1 Meters shall be of the three-element type rated for the required site,
comply with the appropriate IEC Standards or their equivalent national
standards, for static watt-hour meter and other types of meters, and be of the
accuracy class of 0.3 or equivalent. The meters shall measure and locally
display at least the kW, kWh, kVAR, kVARh, and cumulative Demand,
with the features of time-of-use, maintenance records, and pulse output.
9.3.3.2 A cumulative record of the parameters measured shall be available on
the meter. Bi-directional meters shall have two such records available. If
combined Active Energy and Reactive Energy meters are provided, then a
separate record shall be provided for each measured quantity and direction.
The loss of auxiliary supply to the meter shall not erase these records.
9.3.3.3 For participants of the WESM, pulse output shall be provided for each
measured quantity. The pulse output shall be from a three-wire terminal with
pulse duration in the range from 40 to 80 milliseconds (preferably
selectable)
December 2001 111
and with selective pulse frequency or rate. The minimum pulse frequency
shall comply with the IEC Standard or its equivalent national standard, for the
shortest integration period and the accuracy class of the meter. Pulse output
shall be galvanically isolated from the voltage/current transformers being
measured and from the auxiliary supply input terminals. The insulation test
voltage shall be 1000 VAC, 60 Hz and applied for one minute.
9.3.4 Integrating Pulse Recorders
9.3.4.1 Integrating Pulse Recorders shall be capable of recording integrated
Demand periods adjustable between fifteen (15) minutes and sixty (60)
minutes. An exemption to this requirement shall be allowed for those
Users supplied with bundled services.
9.3.4.2 Each recorder shall be capable of electronic data transfer through
dedicated telephone lines or the Grid Owner’s communication channels or
manual downloading of data on-site. The Grid Owner shall allow an
exemption to this requirement for those Users supplied with bundled
services.
9.3.4.3 The integrating pulse recorders shall provide a record for reference at a
future time. The record shall be suitable for reference for a period of at least
one (1) year after it was generated. The integrating pulse recorder shall be
regularly interrogated and the record shall also be maintained at the
recorder for two (2) complete billing periods between one (1) interrogation
or sixty
(60) days, whichever is longer.
9.3.4.4 The time reference used with the Demand recorder shall ensure that the
Demand period accuracy of this integrating pulse recorder is with a time
error of no more than +/-1 second.
9.3.4.5 All revenue metering installations shall record time, based on
Philippine standard time.
9.3.4.6 The start of each demand period shall be within +/-30 seconds of
the standard time.
9.3.4.7 Reprogramming of integrating pulse recorders shall be done as soon
as possible within one billing cycle if there is a time error.
(f) To protect the public interest as it is affected by the rates and services
of electric utilities and other providers of electric power;
(g) To assure socially and environmentally compatible energy sources
and infrastructure;
(h) To promote the utilization of indigenous and new and renewable energy
resources in power generation in order to reduce dependence on
imported energy;
(i) To provide for an orderly and transparent privatization of the assets
and liabilities of the National Power Corporation (NPC);
(j) To establish a strong and purely independent regulatory body and system
to ensure consumer protection and enhance the competitive operation of
the electricity market; and
(k) To encourage the efficient use of energy and other modalities of demand
side management.
10.2.2 Structure of the Electric Power Industry
The electric power industry is divided into four (4) sectors. These are:
(a) Generation Sector;
(b) Transmission Sector;
(c) Distribution Sector; and
(d) Supply Sector.
10.2.3 Generation Sector
10.2.3.1 Generation of electric power, a business affected with public
interest, shall be competitive and open.
10.2.3.2 Any new Generation Company shall, before it operates, secure from
the ERC a certificate of compliance pursuant to the standards set forth in the
Act, as well as health, safety, and environmental clearances from the
appropriate government agencies under existing laws.
10.2.3.3 Power generation shall not be considered a public utility operation. For
this purpose, any person or entity engaged or which shall engage in power
generation and Supply of Electricity shall not be required to secure a
national franchise.
10.2.3.4 Upon implementation of retail competition and open access, the
prices charged by a Generation Company for the Supply of Electricity shall
not be subject to regulation by the ERC except as otherwise provided in the
Act.
10.2.4 Transmission Sector
10.2.4.1 The Act created the National Transmission Corporation
(TRANSCO), which assumed the electrical transmission function of the
National Power Corporation (NPC). The TRANSCO shall have the
authority and responsibility for the planning, construction and centralized
operation, and
maintenance of the high voltage transmission facilities, including Grid
interconnection and Ancillary Services.
10.2.4.2 Within six (6) months from the effectivity of the Act, the transmission
and sub-transmission facilities of NPC and all other assets related to
transmission operations, including the nationwide franchise of NPC for the
operation of the Grid, shall be transferred to the TRANSCO. The
TRANSCO shall be wholly owned by the Power Sector Assets and
Liabilities Management (PSALM) Corporation.
10.2.4.3 The TRANSCO shall have the following functions and responsibilities:
(a) Act as the System Operator of the nationwide electrical transmission
and sub-transmission System, to be transferred to it by NPC;
(b) Provide open and non-discriminatory access to its Transmission System
to all Grid Users;
(c) Ensure and maintain the reliability, adequacy, Security, Stability, and
integrity of the nationwide electrical Grid in accordance with the
performance standards for the operations and maintenance of the Grid,
as set forth in the Grid Code;
(d) Improve and expand its transmission facilities, consistent with the Grid
Code and the Transmission Development Plan (TDP), to adequately
serve Generation Companies, Distribution Utilities, and Suppliers
requiring transmission service and/or Ancillary Services through the
Transmission System;
(e) Subject to technical constraints, TRANSCO shall provide Central
Dispatch of all generation facilities connected, directly or indirectly, to the
Transmission system in accordance with the dispatch schedule submitted
by the Market Operator, taking into account outstanding bilateral
contracts; and
(f) TRANSCO shall undertake the preparation of the TDP.
10.2.4.4 In the preparation of the TDP, TRANSCO shall consult the other
participants of the electric power industry such as the Generation
Companies, Distribution Utilities, and the electricity End-Users. The TDP
shall be submitted to the DOE for integration with the Power Development
Program and the Philippine Energy Plan, as provided for in Republic Act
No. 7638 otherwise known as “The Department of Energy Act of 1992”.
10.2.4.5 Within six (6) months from the effectivity of the Act, the PSALM
Corp. shall submit a plan for the endorsement by the Joint Congressional
Power Commission and the approval of the President of the Philippines. The
President of the Philippines thereafter shall direct PSALM Corp. to award in
open competitive bidding, the transmission facilities, including Grid
interconnections and Ancillary Services to a qualified party either through an
outright sale or a concession contract.