Imam Colony | Rehmat Chowk | Gulshan-e-Iqbal

A Movement through Darkness to Light”

Chemistry - XII
Chapter Wise 11 Years Questions
(2010 – 2020)
Name:__________________________
From the Desk of:

Engr. Nasim Zulfiqar

(B.E, Chemical Engineering)
 XII – Chemistry Chapter#1 Periodic Classification (Questions from 2010 – 2019)
Section A : M.C.Q’s:
(i) The electronic configuration of the outer shell of an element is 4s2, 3d10, 4p1 it belongs to III-A group & 4th Period. (2016)
(ii) Elements of group I-B are called Coinage Metals. (2018/2017/2016/2013)
(iii) The atomic number of an element belonging to group V-A and 3rd period is 15. (2015/2013)
(iv) The first seven groups of the periodic table are divided into sub-groups ‘A’ consisting of Representative elements. (2014)
(v) All noble gases fulfill the octet rule except Helium. (2019/2018/2013/2011)

(vi) The element with symbol ‘Ga’ belongs to this family. Boron Family (2013)
(vii) The number of elements in each lanthanide and actinide series is 14. (2012)
(viii) The elements in same group have the: same number of valence electrons. (2011)
(ix) Elements belonging to the same group in the periodic table are: *Ca & Na *Ca & Be *Ca & Li *Ca & K (2011)
(x) The number of valence electrons in the elements of II-A group is: 2. (2010)
(xi) The element belong to group V-A and 3rd period has the atomic number 15.
(xi) The element with atomic number 33 belongs to p-block. (2019)
Section B (Short Answer Questions)

(i) What are the types of elements based on electronic configuration in the periodic table? (2019/2016)

(ii) Give the characteristic valence shell configuration of the following: (2015)

Zero group elements Representative Elements Outer Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements
(iii) What are the demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic classification? How was it modified? (2014)

(iv) Write the electronic configuration, group, period and block: Z=17, Z=30 (2014), Z=24, Z=49 & 29 (2019/2017/2011)

(v) Give the valence shell electronic configuration of the following groups: II-A and I-B, IV-A and VI-B (2013)

(vi) Define the following with examples: * Dobereiner’s Triads * Newland’s Law of Octaves (2019/2013)

(vii) State the modern periodic law. Explain how it removed the defects of Mendeleev’s system of classification. (2012)

(viii) Write the valence shell configuration of the following groups: * I-A and I-B * V-A and V-B (2012)

(ix) What are inner and outer transition elements how many series of each of them are present in the periodic table?
Also write the names of the inner transition series. (2012)

(x) Define: *Periodicity of Elements *Electron population (2011)

Give Reasons:

 The elements of a group in the periodic table have the same valence shell electronic configuration. (2013)
 Lithium and Beryllium markedly differ from other members of their respective groups. (2012)
 Why is the electronic configuration of chromium (Cr) is 4s1, 3d5 instead of 4s2, 3d4 while that of Copper (Cu) is
4s1, 3d9 instead of 4s2, 3d9. (2012)

Section C (Detailed-Answer Questions)

(i) Give the advantages and defects of Mendeleev’s periodic table. Explain how modern periodic table is divided into
blocks. Also write general electronic configuration of each block. (2018/2011)
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter#2 Hydrogen
Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) Hydries of Group IV-A are: (a) Acidic (b) Basic (c) Neutral (d) Amphoteric (2016)
(ii) The binary compounds of hydrogen with transition metals are called Metallic hydrides. (2015)
(iii) The ratio of electrons, protons and neutrons in Deuterium is 1:1:1. (2015)
(iv) The ratio of electrons, protons and neutrons in protium is 1:1:0. (2014)
(v) An example of electron deficient hydride is (a) BH3 (b) NaBH4 (c) NaH (d) CH4 (2014)
(vi) Interstitial hydrides are also named as: Metallic Hydrides (2018/2014)
(vii) The number of neutrons in protium is: ZERO (2018/2013)
(viii) Hydride ion and helium atom have same:(a) No. of protons (b)No. of electrons (c)No. of neutrons (d) Valency (2013)
(ix) Water gas is produced by passing steam over red hot coke at 1000 °C. (2012)
(xi) Hydrogen shows the oxidation state(s): (a) Zero only (b) -1 only (c) +1 only (d) All of these (2011)
(xii) Having half filled valence shell, Hydrogen resembles the Elements of IV-A. (2017)
(xiii) Hydrides of V-A group are basic. (2019)
(xiv) The nucleus of tritium consists of one proton and two neutrons. (2019)

(xiii) In the given reaction, ‘A’ is C. (2017)

Section: B (Short Answer Questions)

(i) Define the term isotopes. Explain the various isotopes of hydrogen. (2018/2016)
(ii) Mention the simplest ions of hydrogen and show their reactions with water. (2016)
(iii) Describe two methods for the preparation of water gas and give two methods for the separation of pure hydrogen
from it. (2019/2016)
(iv) What are hydrides? How are they classified? Write the preparation and properties of ionic hydrides. (2019/2015)
(v) What is water gas? Give one method for its preparation. (2014/2010)
(vi) Differentiate between the natural isotopes of hydrogen. (2013)
(vii) Interstitial hydrides are not true chemical compounds. Comment. (2013)
(viii) Define & classify binary compounds of hydrogen. Explain ionic hydrides, giving 2 preparations & 2 reactions. (2011)
(ix) Give points of resemblance of hydrogen with I-A and VII-A groups of periodic table. (2018/2011)
(x) Explain that the position of hydrogen is misfit in Group I-A of the periodic table. (2010)
Give Reasons for the following:
(i) Hydrogen exhibits +1 and -1 oxidation states in its compounds. (2015)
(ii) Ionic hydrides are called true hydrides. (2012)
(iii) Atomic/Nascent hydrogen is more reactive than molecular hydrogen. (2011/2010)
(iv) Why is heavy water heavy? (2010)

Section: C (Detailed Answer Questions)

(i) Explain why hydrogen is misfit in group I-A and VII-A of the periodic table. (2014)
(ii) Write a short note on Atomic Hydrogen. Give the reaction of atomic hydrogen with phosphorus & cupric oxides. (2019/2014)
(iii) What are binary compounds of hydrogen? Classify them. Explain covalent and polymeric hydrides. (2012)
(iv) Write down five industrial preparations of hydrogen gas. (2010)
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter#3 s-block elements
Past 11 Year Questions (2010 – 2020)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) Sodium amalgam is an alloy of Sodium and Mercury. (2016)
(ii)The formula of dolomite is MgCO3.CaCO3 (2015)
+ + + +
(iii) This has the minimum hydration energy (a) Na (b) K (c) Rb (d) Cs (2018/2013)
(iv) On burning in excess of oxygen, sodium forms its: (a) super oxide (b) per oxide (c) monoxide (d) dioxide (2013)
(v) This metal forms super oxide: (a) Li (b) Be (c) K (d) Mg (2019/2012)
(vi) NaOH is named as caustic soda because: it corrodes organic tissues. (2012)
(vii) Brine is a concentrated aqueous solution of: Sodium chloride. (2012)
(viii) The crystalline solids that contain water molecule in their crystals are called: Hydrates. (2010)
(ix) Sodium reacts with water more vigorously than lithium because it: is more electropositive. (2010)
(x) Plaster of Paris is obtained by heating Gypsum. (2017)
(xi) Sodium burns with excess of oxygen to form its per oxide. (2017)
Section: B (Short Answer Questions)
(i) How is caustic soda prepared by Castner Kellner’s cell? Give advantages and disadvantages of this process. (2019/2017/2011)
Give Reasons for the following:
(i) Zinc hydroxide is soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide solution. (2016)
(ii) Alkali and alkaline earth metals can form +1 and +2 ions respectively. (2016)
(iii) Alkali metals are powerful reducing agents. (2018/2015)
(iv) Alkaline earth metals are more strongly hydrated than alkali metals ions. (2018/2014/2011)
(v) Alkali metals cannot be used in voltaic cell. (2017/2013)
(vi) Plaster of Paris is used in making plaster coats and moulds. (2012)
(vii) The ionization potential increases with the increase in atomic number in the period but decreases in a group from top to down. (2010)
(viii) Alkaline earth metals are harder than alkali metals. (2017)
(ix) Alkali metals can form cations easily. (2019)
* Refer to the list of the given compounds:
Compound A B C D
Specific name Epsom salt Plaster of Paris Bleaching Powder Baking Soda
*Write the formulae of A and D *The equation for the preparation of B *Give only one common use of B
*Give the equation for the reaction of C with HCl.
Section: C (Detailed Answer Questions)
(i) Give the industrial preparation of sodium carbonate by ammonia-Solvay process. Draw the flow diagram. (2018/2016/2014/2013/2010)
(ii) Describe the extraction of sodium from molten sodium chloride. Why are the anode and cathode compartment
separated in the extraction of sodium? (2017/2015)
(iii) Short note on ‘Bleaching Powder’ (2019)
Chemical Reactions:
NaOH + Cl2  (2016/2012)
Zn(OH)2 + NaOH  (2015)
Reaction of sodium carbonate with Silica. (2019/2017/2015/2011)
Reaction of caustic soda with ammonium sulphate. (2015)
Reaction of bleaching powder with atmospheric carbon dioxide and moisture. (2015/2014)
MgCO3 + H2SO4  (2013)
Reaction between sodium and oxygen. (2011)
Give the equation for the preparation of bleaching powder. (2011)
CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O  (2017)
Reaction of NaOH on Carbonmonoxide  (2018)
Saturated solution of soda-ash treated with carbon do oxide gas. (2019)
Chemical Formulae:
Magnesite=MgCO3 (2014) Gypsum=CaSO4.2H2O (2012) Bleaching Powder=CaOCl2 (2012)
Plaster of Paris=(CaOH)2.H2O [2010] Baking soda=NaHCO3 (2010)
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter#4 p-block elements
Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) Ruby is an oxide of Aluminum. (2016)
(ii) H2S is a reducing agent. (2016)
(iii) Rhombic sulfur and monoclinic sulfur are in equilibrium at this temperature 95.5 °C. (2018/2017/2016)
(iv) Kipp’s apparatus is used to prepare H2S. (2015/2012)
(v) Aluminium bronze contains 10% Aluminum and 90% Copper. (2015)
(vi) N2 gas liquefies at this temperature: -196°C. (2015)
(vi) The bond angle and bond distance between the atoms in rhombic sulfur are______. (2014)
(vii) The density of 98% HNO3 is 1.51 g/L. (2014)
(viii) The chemical formula Al2O3.3H2O stands for: Gibbisite. (2014)
(ix) The formula of hypochlorus acid is HOCl. (2013)
(x) The chemical name of laughing gas is Nitrous oxide. (2013)
(xi) The element having the symbol ‘Ga’ belongs to this family: Boron. (2013)
(xii) A mixture of aluminum nitrate and aluminum powder is called Ammonal. (2018/2017/2013/2010)
(xiii) Ca2B6O11.5H2O is the chemical formula of: Colemanite. (2017/2013)
(xiv) Tincal is a mineral of Boron. (2012)
(xv) Molecular formula for tincal is: Na2B4O7.10H2O (2011)
(xvi) The substance which contains two or more metals is called Alloy. (2011)
(xvii) Bauxite is an ore for the extraction of: Aluminum. (2010)
(xviii) Royal water is a mixture in the ratio of 1:3 by volume of HNO3 & HCl. (2017)
(xix) Antidote of H2S poisoning is very dilute chlorine. (2019)
(xx) The product of heating boric acid to 140°C is: pyroboric acid. (2019)

Section: B (Short Answer Questions)

Scientific Reasons:
(i) Atomic size of Sulfur is bigger than that of Oxygen. (2016)
(ii) Plastic sulfur is elastic. (2019/2016)
(iii) SO3 is dissolved in H2SO4 but not in water. (2015)
(iv) Graphite conducts electricity whereas diamond does not. (2014)
(v) B2O3 is acidic while Al2O3 is amphoteric. (2014)
(vi) The viscosity and boiling point of water are high. (2010)
(vii) Boric acid is soft and silky. (2017)
(viii) Diamond is a non conductor of electricity. (2018)
(ix) Boric acid is a weak mono-basic acid. (2019)
(x) Graphite conducts electricity parallel to the plane. (2019)
Q1: What is aqua regia? How does gold dissolve in it? Give the reaction. (2016/2014/2012/2010)
Q2: Write equations for the following reactions:
*Concentrated Sulfuric acid with oxalic acid (2016) *Nitric acid with Sulfur (2016)
*Fe+3 with H2S (2018/2016)*Reaction of aluminum with conc. H2SO4 (2015)*Chrome yellow with caustic soda. (2014)
*Reaction of ferric oxide with aluminum. (2013) *Reaction of litharge with sodium chloride. (2013)
*Aluminum reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide. (2012) *Litharge is heated with excess of air. (2017)
*Boric acid is treated with sodium carbonate. (2017) *Aluminum is reacted with sodium hydroxide. (2017)
*Action of concentrated HNO3 on Sulfur. (2018) *Action of super-heated water on boron nitride (2019)
Q3: Write Chemical Formulae for the following:
Suhaga/Tincal (2016/2013/2012), Alunite (2016/2014), Murda Sang/Litharge (2016/2012), Fluorspar (2014), Lead Sesqui
oxide/Sandhur (2013/2012), Stibnite (2013), Carnalite (2019/2013), Potash alum (2010), Oleum (2010), Corundum (2019)
Q4: Give the geometrical structures of H2SO4 and H2S. (2015)
Q5: How is H2S gas prepared in the laboratory? (2015)
Q6: Write the names and formulae of oxyacids of Boron and give the effects of change in temperature on them. (2015)
Q7: How is bauxite ore purified by Baeyer’s OR Serpeck’s process?
Q8: Draw the structure of HNO3 in vapour and solid phases. (2014/2011)
Q9: What is allotropy? Describe amorphous form of Sulfur. Give reasons for it softness and elasticity. (2013)
Q10: Give the equations for the preparation of boric acid. (2011)
Q11: Give the names and formulae of any four ores of aluminum. Give the refining of aluminum by Hoope’ electrolytic
method. (2010)
Q12: Give the composition and uses of two alloy of aluminum. (2010)
Q13: Compare four properties each of diamond and graphite. (2010)
Q14: Give the refining of Aluminium by Hoope’s electrolytic method (no diagram needed) (2018)
Section: C (Detailed Answer Questions)
Q1: Complete and balance the following equations:
*Mg + HNO3 -----cold-----> (2018/2016) *Na2B4O7+7H2O (2010)
*Zn + H2SO4 ----90%-----> (2017/2015/2013/2012) *HCOOH + H2SO4(Conc).  (2010)
*P + HNO3  (2017/2015/2014) *Al + Fe2O3  (2018/2017)
*Ca2B6O11 + Na2CO3  (2018/2015/2012) *Sb2S3 + HCl  (2017)
*Zn + HNO3 ------v.dilute-----> (2014) *C6H12O6+H2SO4  (2018)
*H2S + H2SO4  (2019/2014) * SO2 + Cl2  (2019)
*Zn + HNO3------cold/dilute------> (2012/2010) * Cu + H2SO4 ----Hot/Conc------> (2019)
*Cl2 + NaOH  (2012) * HCOOH + H2SO4  (2019)
Q2: Give the manufacture of Sulfuric acid by contact process. Draw the flow diagram. (2018/2016/2014/2012/2010)
Q3: Write short note on borax. (2019/2016/2014)
Q4: What is meant by metallurgy? Describe the extraction of 99.99% pure aluminum from bauxite ore containing SiO2
and Fe2O3 as impurities. (2019/2015/2013)
Q5: Write a short note on lead pigments. (2015/2013/2011)
Q6: Describe the manufacture of nitric acid (Stable oxyacid of nitrogen) by Ostwald’s process. Draw the flow diagram.
Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction of dilute and very dilute nitric acid with zinc. And reaction of Nitric
acid with Cu and C. Reaction of concentrated and dilute HNO3 with Cu. (2019/2015/2013/2011)
Q7: How is chlorine manufactured by Nelson cell? Draw its diagram. Give equation for the auto oxidation reduction of
chlorine. (2019/2015/2014)
Q8: Give the oxidizing reactions of H2SO4 with metals and non-metals. (2013)
Q9: Write a short note on Boric acid. (2013/2010)
Q10: Describe the preparation of chlorine gas by Castener-Kellener cell. (2012)
Q11: Define alum and write down the chemical formula of three alums. (2012)
Q12: Give with diagram the extraction of pure aluminum from pure aluminum oxide. What are ammonal and aluminum
bronze? Mention their uses. (2011)
Q13: Write a short note on the allotropic forms of carbon. (2011)
Q14: The flow chart represents stages in the manufacturing of HNO3 by Ostwald’s process: [2017]
NH3 + Air Water H2O

Convertor (A) Boiler (B) Oxidation Chamber (C) Absorption HNO3 68%
Tower (D)
 Give the chemical reactions in stages A, C and D with condition.
 Describe the conditions to get 95% oxidation of NH3 into NO and how 98% HNO3 is obtained. HNO3
Q15: Write the different oxide ores of aluminum. How aluminum is obtained from bauxite ore containing silica as
impurity. (Draw diagram of the cell) (Refining of Al is not required) [2017]
Q15: Write a short note on Aqua Regia. (2018)
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter#5 d-block elements
Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) Galvanized iron is protected by a thin layer of Zn. (2019/2012)
(ii) Stainless steel is an alloy of Fe, Cr and Ni. (2016)
(iii) EDTA is this type of ligand: Hexadentate/multidentate. (2015/2014)
(iv) Hypo is used as fixer. (2015)
(v) The metal ion having the highest number of unpaired electrons is: Mn+2, Fe+2, Co+2, Ni+2 (2013)
(vi) In K2Cr2O7 the oxidation number of chromium is +6. (2010)
(vii) The harmful and undesirable reaction of metals, when exposed to atmosphere or any chemical agent, is known as Corrosion. (2010)
(viii)The green color of glass is due to the presence of Cr2O3 (2018)

Section: B (Short Answer Questions)

Scientific Reasons:
(i) Transition elements show variable oxidation states. (2015)
(ii) NH3 and H2O acts as ligands but NH4+ and H3O+ does not. (2018/2014/2011)
(iii) In d block elements, 4s orbitals are filled prior to 3d orbitals but 4s electrons are lost first in ionization. (2013)
(iv) Ligands are generally called Lewis bases. (2013)
(v) Anhydrous CuSO4 is white while hydrated CuSO4 is blue. (2018/2017)
(vi) Transition metals form non-stoichiometric compounds. (2019)
Q1: Write equations for the following reactions:
*Excess of ammonia is passed through a solution of blue vitriol. (Model Paper)
*Blue stone treated with KI (2016)
*Electrolytic oxidation of potassium manganate by water. (2014)
*Potassium chromate with conc. H2SO4 (2014)
*Chromium oxide with KOH and bromine water. (2014)
*Reaction of sodium dichromate with potassium chloride (2013)
*Action of heat on KMnO4 (2012)
*Lunar caustic is heated at 450°C. (2019/2012)
*Action of heat on blue vitriol (2019/2011)
*Reaction between K2Cr2O7 and KOH (2011)
Q2: Write Chemical Formulae for the following:
Chromite ore (2016), Hypo (2014), Lunar caustic (2012)
Q3: Discuss any two of the following properties of transition elements.
*Magnetic property (2018 /2014/2011) *Catalytic property (Model Paper)
*Complex formation (2018/2011) *Formation of colored compounds (2018/2016/2014/2011)
Q4: Give IUPAC names of the following complexes:
 [Co(Cl)6]-3 (Model Paper)  [Fe(NO2)6]-3 (2014/2012)
 [Cr(en)3] +3
(Model Paper)  [Cr(en)2Cl2]Cl (2014/2012)
 Na3[Fe(CN)5NO] (Model Paper/2013)  NH4[Cr[SCN)4(NH3)2] (2013/2011)
 [Pt(NO2)4(NH3)2] (Model Paper)  [Ni(CO)4] (2011)
 [Co(NH3)3Cl3] (2016)  [Cr (NH3)5]+3
(2011)
 [Cr(en)3]Cl3 (2016)  K3[Fe(CN)6] (2011)
 Na3[Cu(OH)2(NO3)2] (2016)  [Co (N2—CH2—CH2—NH2)3Cl3 (2018/2011)
  [Pt(NH3)3Cl2] (2018/2017)  NH4[Cr(SNC)4(NH3)2] (2018)
 [Fe (CO)4] (2017)  [Cu(CN)4]-2 (2018)
 Na3[AlF6] (2017)  [Co(en)3](NO3)3 (2019)
 [CoBr2(en)2]Br (2017)  [AuCl3]- (2019)
Q5: Write Short Notes:
Corrosion and its prevention (2018/2015/2013/2011)
Silvering of Mirror (2019/2018/2010)
Tin Plating (2018/2016/2012)
Lunar Caustic (2015/2011)
Blue Vitriol (2014/2012)
Photography (2019/2013/2010)
Q6: Define the following terms:
Chelate (2016), Chelating Agent (2016)
Q7: How is blister copper obtained from matte? (2019/2015)
Q8: Define ligands. Give the classification of ligands based upo the number of co-ordination atoms with examples. (2010)
Q9: How is copper matte obtained from its concentrated sulphide ore?
Q10: Describe the following properties of d-block elements. (2017)
*Magnetic properties *Catalytic properties *Formation of color *Variable oxidation state

Section: C (Detailed Answer Questions)

Q1: Discuss the extraction of 99.99% pure copper from roasted pyrite ore. (2016/2014/2012)
Q2: Complete and balance the following equations:
(i) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4  (2016/2010)
(ii) KI + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4  (2017/2016)
(iii) K2MnO4 + Cl2  (2019/2018/2016)
(iv) AgOH + NH4OH  (2015)
(v) AgBr + Na2S2O3  (2015/2014)
(vi) K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4  (2015)
(vii) FeO.Cr2O3 + K2CO3 + O2  (2018/2013)
(viii) K2MnO4 + Cl2  (2013)
(ix) CuSO4 + NH3  (2012)
(x) AgNO3 + NH3  (2012)
(xi) K2CrO4+H2SO4  (2018)
(xii) CuSO4 + KI  (2018)
(xiii) K2Cr2O7 + KOH  (2019)
(xiv) CuFeS2 + O2  (2019)
Q3: How is copper obtained from matte? Explain the method of its refining by electrolysis. Draw the diagrams. (2010)
Q4: Describe the metallurgy of blister copper from concentrated pyrite ore. (2018)
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter# 6Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i)This is used to increase octane number and efficiency of petrol: (C2H5)4Pb (2016)
(ii) Propanal and propanone are: Functional Group Isomers. (2019/2016)
(iii) This is a natural polymer: Cellulose (2016)
(iv) This is the general formula of ketones: (2016)
(v) The functional group in RSH is: Thioalcohol. (2015)
(vi) The formula of Caproic acid is: C6H13COOH or CH3.(CH2)4.COOH (2014)
(vii) The boiling point range 40°C – 200 °C is for this fraction of petroleum: Gasoline (2014)
(viii) Cycloalkanes have the general formula: CnH2n (2018/2013)
(ix) Dimethyl ether and ethyl alcohol are functional group isomers. (2012)
(x) The compound 1-butene and 2-butene are position isomers. (2011)
(xi) General formula of alkyl halides is CnH2n+1X (2011)
(xii) Catenation is a process in which carbon shows properties of making long chains or rings of carbon atoms. (2010)
(xiii) The general formula of aldehyde is R-CHO (2010)
(xiv) The general formula of alkene is: CnH2n (2010)
(xv) The commercial name of Phenol Formaldehyde polymer is: Bakelite (2017)
(xvi) Octane number is related to Gasoline. (2017)
(xvii) The functional group is RSH is Thio Alcohol. (2018)
(xviii) The number of isomers of pentane is: 3 (2019)
Section: B (Short Answer Questions)
Definitions:
Homologous Series (2019/2016/2014/2010), Cracking (2018/2016/2014), Isomerism (2016), Octane Number
(2015), Catenation (2018/2017/2015/2012), Functional group (2017/2015), Metamerism (2019/2015/2012),
Refining of Petroleum (2014), Isomers (2013), Polymerization (2018/2013/2012/2010)
Q1: Write the classification of organic compounds with examples. (2019/2015)
Q2: Describe the natural sources of organic compounds. (2013)
Q3: Differentiate between:
Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon (2012), aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon (2012)
Q4: Define isomerism. Give its types with examples. (2018/2011)
Q5: Define functional group. Name the functional groups in the following compounds.
*C2H5COCl *CH3CONH2 (2011)
Q6: Give the electronic structure of: *Acetone *Silver Acetylide (2011)
Section: C (Detailed Answer Questions)
Q1: Define polymerization. How many types of polymerization are there> Give the preparation of PVC and Bakelite. (2015)
Nomenclature
2019
CH3

NO 2
Cl

(i) C2H5 O CH2 C(CH3)3 (ii) Br

2018
2016:
(i) (C6H5)3CBr (ii) C2H5OCH(CH3)2 (iii) (iv)

(v)
2015:
(i) (CH3)3C---CH2---CO---CH(CH3)2 (ii) (iii)
(iv) (v)

2014:
(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) CH3---CH2---O----C(CH3)3 (v)

2013:
(i) (CH3)2.C.Br.CHO (ii) CH3(CH2)3.COOC(CH3)3 (iii) (CH3)3.C.OH (iv) (CH3)2.CHCOC(CH3)3
2012:
Give the structural formula of the following:
(i) Divinyl acetylene (ii) Hydroquinone (iii) Ethyl ter-butyl ether (iv) 2-bromobutanal
(i) (ii) (iii) CH3—CH=CH—CH2--COOH

(iv) (v)

(vi)
2011:
(i) CH3—CH2—CH=CH—COOH (ii) CH2=CH—C≡C—CH=CH2 (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)

(vii)
2010:(i) CH3—CH=CH—CH2OH (ii) HOOC—CH2—CH2—COOH (iii) HC≡C—CH2—CH2—CH=CH2
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter# 7Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
Past 8 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section ‘A’ (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i)This group is a meta directing group: (-R, -OR, -COOR, -X) (2015)
(ii) Another name of methane gas is Marsh gas. (2018/2014)
(iii) This gas was used in First World War: Mustard Gas. (2013)
(iv) This gas is produced by treating ethene with sulfur mono chloride: Mustard gas (2012)
(v) This gas is used in welding: (Methane, Ethane, Ethene, Ethyne) (2012)
(vi) Ethylene is used as (anaesthetic, ripening of fruits, preparation of mustard gas, all of these) (2011)
(vii) Molecular formula of chloroform is CHCl3 (2011)
(viii) Blood cancer is caused by Benzene. (2011)
(ix) A carbon atom having a positive charge is called carbonium ion. (2011)
(x) The chlorination of methane is an example of substitution reaction. (2010)
(xi) Mawkownikoff’s rule will be applicable in the addition of HBr on: (CH2=CH2, CH≡CH, CH2=CHBr, None) (2010)

(xii) In the following hydrogentation reaction

the change in hybridization state of carbon atoms is: sp  sp2  sp3 (2017)
(xiii) The most stable carbonium ion is R3C+ (2018)
Section: B & C
Q: Give a chemical Test to distinguish between the following:
(i) Paraffin and Olefin (2018/2017/2016) (ii) n-Hexane and Benzene (2016)
(iii) 1-Butyne and 2-butyne (2016) (iv) Hexane and Benzene (2013)
(v) Ethene and Ethyne/Alkene and Alkyne (2018/2017/2012/2011) (vi) Alkyl halide and alkane (2018/2017)
Q: What happens when:
(i) Ethylene reacts with cold aqueous KMnO4 solution. (2019/2016)
(ii) Ethyl chloride reacts with sodium metal. (2016)
(iii) Reaction of Sodium benzoate with Soda lime. (2016/2012)
(iv) Methyl iodide is treated with sodium metal. (2015)
(v) Toulene reacts with KMnO4 (2014)
(vi) Acetylene reacts with cold KMnO4 (2014)
(vii) Phenol is heated with red hot zinc dust (2012)
(viii) Ethyne is reacted with iodine in the presence of ethanol. (2012)
(ix) Combustion of Ethane (2011)
(x) Oxidation of Benzene (2011)
(xi) CH3MgCl reacts with water (2010)
Q: Give the preparation of:
(i) 2-bromopropane from 1-bromopropane (2016) (viii) Oxalic acid from ethyne (2011)
(ii) Benzene from phenol (2010) (ix) Benzene from toluene (2011)
(iii) Benzoic acid from Benzene (2016) (x) Propane from Grignard’s reagent (2011)
(iv) Ethane from Grignard’s reagent/Organo-metallic (xi) Ethyne from Ethene (2011)
compound (2015) (xii) Ethane from methyliodide (2010)
(v) Water gas from methane (2014) (xiii) Ethyne from calcium carbide (2010)
(vi) Acet aldehyde from acetylene (2013/2011) (xiv) Red solid from acetylene
(vii) Ethene from ethyl alcohol (2011/2010)
Q: Write the stepwise reactions for the following preparations:
(i) m-nitrobenzoic acid from benzene (2015/2013)
(ii) Glyoxal from benzene (2015)
Q: Write equations for the following Conversions:
(i) Benzene to nitro benzene (2012)
(ii) Ethyne to Ethanal (2012)
Q: Complete the following chemical processes: (2010)

(i) (ii)
Q1: Draw and explain the orbital structure of Acetylene (Ethyne). Give two methods of its preparation.
(2018/2016/2014/2012/2010)
Q2: Draw and explain the orbital structure of ethene. (2019/2015/2013/2011)
Q3:
Q4: Define free radical. Describe free radical mechanism reaction of chlorination of methane in the presence of Sunlight
giving all the equations involved. (2019/2016/2014/2012)
Q5: Describe Kekule structure of Benzene. Write the objection against it. How was the objection removed by Kekule?
(2018/2016/2014/2010)
Q6: Write the nitration reaction in Benzene along with its mechanism. (2015/2010)
Q7: Explain the molecular orbital treatment of benzene. Also draw the resonance structures of benzene.
(2019/2017/2015/2013/2011)
Q8: How is benzene prepared commercially from petroleum? (2014)
Q9: Why does Benzene give electrophilic substitution reactions? Explain the mechanism of Friedel-Craft’s acylation.
(2019/2018/2014)
Q10: ‘Acetylene shows acidic properties,’ Give two reactions to justify this statement. (2013/2010)
Q11: Which alkane is formed by the reaction of metallic sodium with the following compounds?
(a) 2-bromopropane (b) 2-bromo-2-methylpropane (2013)
Q12: Give two reactions in which benzene ring is not retained. (2013)
Q13: Give the reaction of benzene with chlorine in the presence of: (a) Lewis acid catalyst (b) Sunlight (2012)
Q14: What is orientation in Benzene? Explain orientation in mono substituted benzene. Name three each if ortho, para
and meta directing groups. (2018/2012)
Q15: Explain electrophilic substitution reaction in benzene with reference to Sulfonation reactions. (2018/2012)
Q16: State Markownikoff’s rule. Write the equation for the reaction between vinyl bromide and hydrogen bromide.
(2011)
Q17: Benzene acts as a saturated and unsaturated compound. Justify this statement by equations. (2011)
Q18: The structures of two organic compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’ are shown below: (2017)

(A) (B)
* Draw the orbital structure of A showing bonds.
*Write the equation for the preparation of B from CH3I
*Write equation for the reaction of A with S2Cl2
Q19: Write equations and give the mechanism of Alkylation and acylation in benzene. (2017)
Q20: Complete the following reactions:
O

K2Cr2O7
H3C C CH3 + [O]
H2SO4
(i) CH≡CH + HBr  (ii) (iii) CH3COOC2H5+NaOH----CaO--->

V2O5
+ O2
(iv)
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter#8 Alkyl Halides
Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section ‘A’ (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) The first step is similar in these mechanisms: (E1 and E2, SN1 and E2, E1 and SN2, SN1 and E1) (2017)
(ii) Grignard’ reagent reacts with ketone to give: 3°-alcohol. (2012)
(iii) General formula of alkyl halides is CnH2n+1X. (2011)
(iv) The metal present in grignard’s reagent is Mg. (2010)
- - -
(v) It is not a neucleophile: (OH , NH , BF3, CN ) (2019/2010)
(vi) Ethyl chloride reacts with alcoholic KOH to give Ethene. (2010)
Section ‘B’ (Short Answer Questions)
Q1: How does ethyl iodide react with the following reagents?
*Sodium Ethoxide *Mg *KOH (Alcoholic) *Na [2017]
Q2: What are organo-metallic compounds? Prepare the following from any one organometallic compound. [2017/2011]
*Ethane *Ethyl alcohol *Vinegar *Propane
*CH3-NH3 *HCHO *CO2 CH3-CO-CH3
Q3: Write equations for the reactions of alcoholic KOH with: *2-bromo propane *2-bromo-2-methyl propane (2013)
Q4: Outline the step-wise reaction mechanism of the following: (2014)
*SN2 reaction between bromo methane and NaOH.
*SN1 reaction between 2-chloro-2-mehtyl propane and NaCN.
Q5: What are alkyl halides? Classify them with one example of each. (2012)
Q6: Write the chemical equations to show what products will be formed when CH3MgCl reacts with: (2010)
CO2 Acetone Methyl chloride water

Section ‘C’ (Detailed Answer Questions)

Q1: What are neucleophilic substitution reactions? Outline the stepwise reaction mechanism for the following:
i) SN2 reaction between bromo methane and NaOH.
ii) SN1 reaction between 2-chloro-2-methylpropane and NaCN. [2019/2017/2012]
Q2: How the following conversions are carried out: [2017]
i) Acetone into ter-butyl alcohol ii) Ethanol into chloro ethane iii) Diethyl ether into ethyl iodide
Q3: Why do 1° alkyl halides give SN mechanism while 3° alkyl halides give SN1 mechanism? (2016)
2

Q4: Give the equations for the following:

*Reaction of ethanal with Grignard’s reagent. (2016)
*Reaction of chloroethane with sodium ethoxde (2016)
*Ethanol with grignard’s reagent. (2014)
*2-propanone with methyl magnesium chloride (2014)
*Sodamide with chloroethane (2012)
Q5: Give the preparation for the following:
*2-bromo propane from 1-bromo propane (2016)
Q6: What is elimination reaction? Explain the mechanism of E1 and E2 reaction. (2018/2016/2014/2010)
Q7: What is Nucleophile? Explain the reaction mechanism of SN1 and SN2 reactions with example. (2016/2010)
Q8: Prepare the following compounds from CH3Br: (2013)
Methanol Methyl ethanoate Methoxy ethane Amino methane Methyl mercaptan (methyl thialcohol)
 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER
XII-Chemistry (Preparation Paper)
Chapter#9 Carbon Compound with Oxygen Containing Functional Groups
Past 9 Year Questions (2010– 2019)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
1) Another name of wood spirit is methanol. (2016)
2) Ethyl acetate is present in pine apple. (2016)
3) In the manufacturing of methanol, hydrogen gas is reacted with Carbon monoxide. (Model Paper)
4) The percentage by weight of ethanol in rectified spirit is: 92 – 95% (2018/2015)
5) Saponification results in the formation of soap. (2014)
6) The hybridization in the carbon atom of carbonyl group is sp2 hybridized. (2019/2013/2011)
7) The functional group present in cresol is phenolic, -OH (2012)
8) In Tollen’s test, the end product is silver mirror. (2012)
9) Methylated spirit is a mixture of CH3OH & C2H5OH (2011)
10) Tollen’s reagent is Ammonical silver nitrate. (2011)
11) Fruity smell is produced when C2H5OH is reacted with CH3COOH (2011)
12) In acetone, the number of bonds are: 9σ and 1π. (2017)
13) The reagent converts acetic acid into acetyl chloride is: SOCl2 (2017)
14) It is used as a preservative for biological specimen: Formalin (2018)
15) Reduction of aldehyde gives: alcohol. (2019)
Section: B (Short Answer Questions)
Q1: Define the following terms: Saponification (2018/2017/2016)
Q2: Give a chemical test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. (2018/2016/2013/2012/2011)
Q3: What happens when:
(i) Methanol reacts with steam (2016/2014)
(ii) 2-propanone (acetone) is oxidized in the presence of K2Cr2O7 and conc. H2SO4 (2016/2012)
(iii) Decomposition of acetic acid in the presence of KMnO4 or MnO2 (2016/Model Paper)
(iv) Reaction of methanal with caustic soda (2016)
(v) Acetone is treated with I2 in the presence of sodium carbonate. (2015/2010)
(vi) Excess ethanol is treated with conc. H2SO4 (2015)
(vii) Solution of sucrose is treated with yeast (2015)
(viii) Phenol is treated with bromine water (2015/2012)
(ix) Acetyl chloride with Sodium ethanoate (2014)

(x) (2014)
(xi) Phenol with dilute HNO3 (2014) (xii) Phenol with conc. HNO3 (2012)
(xiii) Ethanal with sodium and ethanol (2014) (xiv) Methanal is treated with phenyl hydrazine (2012)
(xv) Methanal is reacted with Tollen’s reagent (2010)
(xvi) Acetic acid is heated with C2H5OH in presence of H2SO4 (2010)
(xvii) 2CH3-CH2-Cl + Ag2O  (2010)
(xviii) 2HCHO + NaOH  (2010) (xix) (CH3COO)2Ca ----dry distillation-----> (2010)
Q4: What is fermentation? Explain the manufacture of Ethanol from starch & molasses. Give the composition and significance of methylated
spirit. Or how it is made unfit for drinking. (2018/2016/2012/2010)
Q5: Give the preparation of the following:
(i)Phenol/Carbolic acid from benzene (2018/2016/2013) (viii)Ethanol to Ethanoic acid (2012/2011)
(ii) Isopropyl alcohol from 1-propanol (2016) (ix)Diethyl ether from ethanol (2018/2011)
(iii)Phenol from chloro benzene (2015) (x)Methanol from water gas (2011)
(iv)Ethyl ethanoate from ethanol (2015) (xi) Acetone from acetic acid (2011)
(v)Acetal from methanal (2018/2013) (xii)Ethanol from glucose (2011)
(vi)An Oxime from Formaldehyde (2019/2013) (xiii) Ethanal from Acetylene (2018)
(vii)Give two preparations of dimethyl ketone (2013) (xiv) Diethyl ether from chloro ethane (2019)
Q6: What are carbonyl compounds? Taking form aldehyde as starting material, write the equations for the formation of the following
compounds:
*Oxime *Meta formaldehyde *methanol *Picric acid
*Hydroquinone *ethyl ter-butyl ether *2-brombutanal (Model Paper/2013/2012)
Q7: What are ono hydric alcohols? How are they classified? (2014)
Q8: How is wood spirit manufactured from water gas? (2014)
Q9: What are phenols? Classify them. (2011)
Q10: Give equations for the following reactions:
(i) Cannizzaro’s Reaction (2017/2011) (iv) Reduction of acetone (2011)
(ii) Polymerization of acetaldehyde (2011) (v) Esterification (2017/2011)
(iii) Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in basic medium (2011/2010) (v) Williamson synthesis (2017)
(vi) Fermentation of molasses (2017)
Section: C (Detailed Answer Questions)
Q1: Prepare phenol by Down’s process.
Q2: Give the structural formula of the following compounds. (2017)
(i) Pyrogallol (ii) p-cresol (iii) Caproic acid (iv) -methyl butyraldehyde (v) Phenyl hydrazine
(vi) Diethyl acetylene (vii)Picric acid (viii)Valeric acid (ix) 2-bromo-3-methylbutanal
(x) Neopentyl alcohol (xi) Di isopropyl ether (xii) Catechol (xiii) Isobutyraldehyde
Q3: Complete the following reactions:
OH

H2O
+ Br2

(i) (ii) HCHO + [Ag(NH3)2]OH 

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)

(vii) (viii)

(ix) (x)

(xi) (xii)
(xiii) (xiv) (CH3)2.C.Br.CHO (xv) CH3(CH2)3.COOC(CH3)3 (xvi) (CH3)3C.OH

(xvii) (CH3)2CHCOC(CH3)3 (xviii)

(xix) (xx)

(xxi) (xxii)

(xxiii) (xxiv)

(xxv) (xxvi) (xxvii) CH3-CH=CH-CH2OH

(xxviii) HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH (xxix) (xxx)CH2=CH-CH2-COOH

(xxxi) C2H5-(CH2)3-COOCH(CH3)2 (xxxii) CH3-C(CH3)2COCH(CH3)2 (xxxiii) CH3-CH2-OC(CH3)2C2H5

(34) CH3-(CH3)3-COOC(CH3)3 (35) (36)

(37) CH3-CO-CCl3
 [XII- Chemistry] Chapter#10 Chemistry of Life
Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2019)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) It is not a member of Vitamin B complex: (Niacin, Folic acid, Retinol, Riboflavin) (2017)
(ii) This is a natural polymer: (Cellulose, PVC, Nylon, Terylene) (2016)
(iii) The number of monosaccharide units in oligosaccharides is: 2-10 (2016)
(iv) Cod liver oil is a source of Vitamin A. (2016)
(v) Milk sugar is also called: Lactose. (2019/2015/2012)
(vi) Citrus fruits are important source of Vitamin C. (2018/2015)
(vii) Glucose and fructose are functional group isomers. (2015)
(viii) Chemical name for fruit sugar is: Fructose. (2014)
(ix) This is animal starch: Glycogen. (2014)
(x) The number of carbon atoms in a Monosaccharide is 3 – 10 (2014)
(xi) Glycogen is a polysaccharide. (2018/2013)
(xii) This functional group is present in oils and fats: Carboxylic. (2012)
(xiii) Cholestrol, Cholic acid and progesterone are: Steroids. (2012)
(xiv) The sweetest sugar is: (Fructose, Glucose, Sucrose, Lactose) (2011)
(xv) The human body stores a part of glucose in the liver in the form of glycogen. (2010)
(xvi) This vitamin is water soluble: (A, C, D, K) (2010)
(xvii) Rickets is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin: D (2019)
Section B (Short Answer Questions)
Q1: Define the following terms.
(i) Glycosidic linkage (2017) (ii) Carbohydrate (2014) (iii) Zwitter ion (2012) (iv) Peptide bond (2019)
Q2: What are enzymes? Explain the various factors which influence the rate of enzyme action. (2017)
Q3: Explain the essential fatty acids. (2016)
Q4: Draw the structures of the following: *Lysine *Nicotinamide (2017)
Q5: What is rancidification? Mention its causes. (2019/2014)
Q6: How is the purity of oil and fat determined? (2014)
Q7: Give equations for the following reactions:
*Glucose with Tollen’s reagent (2014)
Q8: Differentiate between the following: *Reducing and Non-reducing sugar (2014)
Q9: Give the biological importance of carbohydrates. (2013)
Q10: Explain Saponification of oils and fats with the help of chemical equation. Write the names of the products formed.
(2013/2010)
Section C (Detailed Answer Questions)
Q1: What is amino acid Describe the importance of amino acid in human life. (2019/2017/2015/2014)
Q2; What are Vitamins? How are they classified? Write their names and sources. Also name caused by their deficiency.
(2013/2012/2011/2010)
Q3:What are carbohydrates?How are they classified and discuss the biological importance of carbohydrates.
Q4: Draw the structures of Nicotinamide. (2019)

[XII- Chemistry] Chapter#11 Chemical Industries in Pakistan

Past 9 Year Questions (2010 – 2018)
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(i) This is not nitrogenous fertilizer: (Urea, Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium sulphate, Triple phosphate) (2017)
(ii) This is used for the etching of glass: HF. (2016)
(iii) This imparts red colour to glass: ZnO (2014)
(iv) Fertilizer maintains the range of pH of soil at: 7 – 8 (2014)
(v) This one is condensation polymer: (PVC, PVA, Polyethene, Terylene) (2019)
(vi) This imparts green colour to glass: Cr2O3 (2019)
Section B (Short Answer Questions)
Q1: What is synthetic fibre? Explain nylon and polyester. [2017/2014]
Q2: What are fertilizer? Name to nitrogenous and one phosphatic fertilizer along woth their methods of preparation. (2010)
Section C (Detailed Answer Questions)
Q1: Write short note on any one of the following:
*Detergents (2019/2018/2016/2014/2011) *Plastics (2018/2016/2011) *glass (2019/2014/2011) *Paint (2019_
Q2: What is fertilizer? Give its types. Explain phosphatic fertilizers. [2018/2015]
Q3: Draw the structure of adipic acid and terepthalic acid.