SIMULATION FOR IOT BASED SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL

SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

DHARUNKUMAR S (1117210003)
RAHUL R KUMAR (1117210005)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Kumaracoil, Thuckalay, Tamilnadu, India
March 2021
 NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Project Work

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “ SIMULATION OF IOT

BASED SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES” is the
Bonafide work of S.DHARUNKUMAR (1117210003), RAHUL RAVI KUMAR
(1117210005), who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE
Head of the department Supervisor
Mr.T.GOPALAKRISHNAN Dr.VIJULAGRACE.K.S
Associate Professor Associate Professor
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering

Certified that the candidates were examined by us in the project work Viva-Voice
examination held
On...........................

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

 NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

We affirm that the project work title “SIMULATION OF IOT BASED SMART
TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES” being submitted in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) is the original work carried out by
us. It has not formed the part of any project work submitted for the award of any degree or
diploma, either in this or any other university.

NAME REGISTER NO
S.DHARUNKUMAR 1117210003
RAHUL R KUMAR 1117210005

I certify that the declaration made above by the candidates is true

Signature of the Guide,

Vijula Grace K.S
Associate Professor (ECE)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The process and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and we are fortunate to have to get this all among the
completion of our project work. Whatever we have done is only due to such guidance and
assistance and we would not forget to thank them.

We would like to express our gratitude to respected Chancellor Dr. A.P.

MAJEED KHAN, our Vice Chancellor Dr. A.K.KUMARAGURU and also our Pro Vice
Chancellor Dr. N. CHANDRASEKHAR, of Noorul Islam Center For Higher Education,
Kumaracoil.

We take this opportunity show deep immense of gratitude to

Mr.T.GOPALAKRISHNAN, Professor and Head of the department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering.

We extend our sense of gratitude to Dr. S. AMALA SHANTHI, Associate

Professor, and our project co-ordinator for valuable support and encouragement during the
period of study.

We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our project guide Dr.
VIJULA GRACE K.S, Associate Professor for her guidance throughout the project on the
topic “SIMULATION OF IOT BASED SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR
EMERGENCY VEHICLES”.

Finally, we would also like to thank our parents and friends who help lot in
finalizing this project within a limited time frame.
 ABSTRACT

Nowadays the road accidents in modern urban areas are increased to uncertain level.The
Loss of human life due to accident is to be avoided. Traffic congestion and tidal flow are
Major facts that cause delay to ambulance. To bar the loss of human life due to accidents, a
Scheme called Density based Traffic control and Smart Ambulance is introduced. The main
Theme behind this scheme is to provide a smooth flow for the emergency vehicles like
Ambulance to reach the hospitals in time and thus minimizing the delay caused by traffic
Congestion.

The idea behind this scheme is to control automatically the traffic lights in the path of the
ambulance. When an ambulance approaches the junction, it will communicate the traffic
controller in the junction to turn on the green light. And also a sensor network is
implemented which is used to detect the traffic density. With automatic traffic signal control
system based on the traffic density in the route, the manual effort of policeman on the part of
traffic management is saved
 LIST OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 9
1.1 OBJECTIVES 10
2 ITERATURE SURVEY 11
3 EXISTING MODEL 13
4 IOT BASED SMART TRAFFIC 17
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES
4.1 INTRODUCTION 17
4.2 PROPOSED MODEL BLOCK DIAGRAM 19
4.3 WORKING OF PROPOSED MODEL 21
4.4 IR SENSOR AND LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 22
4.5 PROCESSING UNIT 23
4.6 GSM/GPRS TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER 28
5 DESIGN FOR SIMULATION 35
5.1 INTRODUCTION 35
5.2 PROTEUS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION AND SETUP 36
5.3 CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS 37
5.4 SIMULATION PROCESS 39
5.5 RESULT 40
6 CONCLUSION 41
7 REFERENCES 42
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Title Page No

1.1 Traffic Jam 9

3.1 Bluetooth controlled system 14
3.2 Ambulance detection system using acoustic sensor 15
3.3 Traffic control using image processing 16
4.1 Block diagram of proposed model 18
4.2 IR Sensor Diagram 20
4.3 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 21
4.4 Processing unit of Arduino UNO 23
4.5 Pin Diagram of ATMEGA328P 25
4.6 Flow Diagram of ARDUINO UNO 26
4.7 Wireless GSM Transmitter 28
4.8 Pin Diagram of SIMCOM SIM900A 29
4.9 Connection between Arduino UNO and SIMCOM (900) 34
5.1 Circuit diagram of simulation 37
5.2 -5.3 Simulation process 39-40
 LIST OF ABBREVATION

IOT- INTERNET OF THINGS

GSM – GLOBAL SYSTEM OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
KNN – K-NEAREST NEIGHBORS
PPI – PIXELS PER INCH
TMS – TRACK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IR – INFRARED RADIATION
PC – PERSONAL COMPUTER
GPS – GLOBAL POSITIONING DEVICE
GPRS – GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE
MCU – MICRO CONTROLLER UNIT
LCD – LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
USB – UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS
TTL – TRANSISTOR-TRANSISTOR LOGIC
LED – LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
PWM – PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
ICSP – IN CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING
AC – ALTERNATING CURRENT
DC – DIRECT CURRENT
SPI – SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE
MOSI – MASTER OUT SLAVE IN
MISO – MASTER IN SLAVE OUT
AREF – ANALOGUE REFERENCE
ADC – ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
UART – UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS RECIEVER TRANSMITTER
TWI – TWO WIRE INTERFACE
GPIO – GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT/OUTPUT
PCB – PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

Traffic congestion costs 1.47 lakh crore per annum for India according a study in 2018 by
Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Traffic issues cause so much inconvenience and frustration
and hence need to be addressed. India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
The average income of Indians is growing and thereby the number of privately
owned vehicles is rising. Though public transport is widely available in India, still it is not
sufficient for the population of India. Especially in Metro cities, often public transport
services are crowded. So, to travel peacefully people are opting for commuting in their own
vehicles. And as a result more vehicles are coming on roads. 

Therefore, increasing the traffic level in different areas. Road congestion is the main cause
for slower speed, longer waiting time, accidents and frustration. Traffic congestion and tidal
flow are major facts that cause delay to ambulance. To bar the loss of human life due to
accidents, a system called IOT based smart traffic control system is introduced.

Fig 1.1 Traffic Jam

The main theme behind this system is to provide a smooth flow for the emergency vehicles
like ambulance to reach the hospitals in time and thus minimizing the delay caused by traffic
congestion using
 1.1 OBJECTIVES

This project aims at reducing traffic congestion and unwanted long time delay during
the traffic light switch over’s especially when the traffic is very low.

 To be implemented in places nearing the junctions where the traffic signals are

placed, in order to reduce the congestion in these junctions.

 To track the traffic density in each road and accordingly adjusts the time for

each traffic light signals.

 The higher number of vehicles (high traffic density) on the road will be

at time delay allotted for that corresponding traffic light signal.

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
There are many people who were doing project based on “IOT based Smart traffic control
system for Emergency vehicles” let’s see few literature survey about smart traffic control
system.

Ashok P.V, SivaSankari. S and V. M. S. Sankaranarayanan, (2017)[16]. The system design of

IoT based Traffic signalling system, where Ultrasonic sensor is placed on sides of road every
50 meters. The sensor here would capture the data for counting the density of that particular
side and corresponding signal will be provided by Arduino Microcontroller based on heavy
and normal traffic. The density traffic information with appropriate signaling along with date
and time of each road sent to Pi3 where analysis done as heavy and normal traffic. This
traffic analysis sent to Cloud webpage for further analysis in future.
S. Kumar Janahan et al., (2018)[6] An array of IR sensors is deployed to count the number of
vehicles on each lane of the road and record the statistics on the cloud using Bluetooth
connection, traffic density information is fed to clustering algorithms based on KNN
algorithm to determine expected required timing of traffic lights. Using short-range
communication technology such as Bluetooth requires that the access points close to the
sensor array to achieve data transfer and thus increase the complexity of the system, also
using the clustering algorithm based on KNN leads to increased overhead in the cloud
computing system, which may result in a delay in decision- making and modification of
traffic lights timing, which will reflect negatively on traffic.

Iwin Thanakumar Joseph S et al.,(2018)[10]. Another method for IOT based Traffic signaling
system using ultrasonic sensors has been developed. where ultrasonic sensors deployed at
every 50 meters of road to capture the traffic density and communicate to Arduino to control
the traffic signals accordingly, density information is transmitted via Wi-Fi to Raspberry Pi 3
where analysis made on a heavy congestion and less traffic with date and time and the same
communicated to the web page of cloud which can be viewed by the Traffic police authorities
for further analysis. This approach requires a huge number of sensors distributed closely
which is not a feasible solution and managing such number of sensors is not quite easy, also
using ultrasonic sensors, which measure the distance mainly, for detecting objects is a waste
of resources. To reduce the risk of traffic congestion in emergencies, especially ambulances
Mohan Raj A et al., (2020) [17] The Recent method “Density Based Traffic Control Using
IOT” is based on Image processing technique. A camera is placed on the top of the signal.
It captures the vehicles footage and these footages will be digitally image processed and
convert the real time image to Binary image and with this binary image the density of the
vehicles are calculated. Though the process is somewhat new and good but the PPI of camera
will be small. So, the camera cannot capture a large number of vehicles this will lead to
improper clearance of the signal.

M. A.A. Parkhi et al., (2016) [1] The model takes a shot at the guideline of changing the
deferral of Traffic signals dependent on the number of vehicles going through an appointed
segment of the street. There are six sensors put at four sides of a three-way street which
checks the number of vehicles going by the region secured by the sensors. Here we are
utilizing IR sensors supplanting the traffic control framework to plan a thickness-based traffic
flag framework. IR sensor contains an IR transmitter IR collector (photodiode) in itself. This
IR transmitter and IR beneficiary will be mounted on similar sides of the street at a
specific separation. As the vehicle goes through these IR sensors, the IR sensor will recognize
the vehicle and will send the data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will check the
number of vehicles, and give the sparkling time to LED by the thickness of vehicles. The path
or street which has a higher thickness, at that point the LED will sparkle for higher time than
normal or the other way around. The traffic lights are at first running at a fixed deferral of
1000 milliseconds, which thus creates a postponement of 30000 milliseconds in the whole
procedure. This whole implanted framework is put at that intersection. The microcontroller is
interfaced with LEDs and IR sensors. The all-out number of IR sensors required is 6 and
LED are 6. In this manner, these are associated with any two ports of the Arduino.IR sensor
module comprises of an IR transmitter and an IR beneficiary. At the point when the sensor
finds any article vehicles the, the comparator yield goes low else it gives high voltage, for
example, +5v or 3.3v.
 CHAPTER 3

Existing Model

Many types of research try to find solutions for transportation and traffic management
using different approaches using sensors, Bluetooth module, Artificial intelligence
techniques, Wireless sensor networks and Digital image processing.

Bluetooth Controlled System:

In day-to-day life traffic congestion is a bigger issue as automation systems are
not currently available in India. In their model they utilize IoT in the traffic signal
monitoring systems and to control it in an advanced controlling system. Their system is
designed to act smartly with higher control features for all four side way traffic systems.
Their model need to define the priority level of traffic in TMS on the basis of least or highest
priority. Traffic management system-TMS key appliances to control over traffic as per
population of vehicles ID on that particular area. So every road lane needs IR sensor to
monitor and capture data of vehicles count in that lane. Their system depends on the count of
vehicles from the road lane IR data they are allocating higher time rate for that signal. This
systems model using more numbers of IR sensors, for automation control microcontroller,
with Bluetooth controller, as well as Android mobile device and finally PC-server. Any of
these sensors surround with IR transmitter & receiver for placing in both directions of road
lane.
 Fig 3.1: Bluetooth controlled system

Drawbacks:
The range of Bluetooth will be short (10m). So the controller should be nearer to the
Bluetooth module to control the traffic lights.

Ambulance detection using Acoustic sensor:

The acoustic sensors collect the siren signals and forward them to the Road Side

Unit. The Road Side Unit includes a frequency measuring controller to

detect the emergency vehicles. The RSU collects the siren signals from the acoustic sensors

and forwards them to the frequency measuring controller. The controller detects the

emergency vehicle by its siren frequencies and computes the average of measured

frequencies. The frequency measuring controller sends the alert signal to the traffic signal

controller, if the frequency is between the range of yelp or wail. The traffic signal controller

stops the fixed sequence and light length algorithm and executes the emergency vehicle

dispatching algorithm on receipt of arriving emergency vehicle information. The data

collection module gathers the data from all the RSUs and forwards it to Traffic Signal

Control Module. The controller executes their proposed algorithm and sends its decision to

traffic lights. After the passage of an emergency vehicle (ambulance), the system resumes its

normal operation.

Fig 3.2:-Ambulance detection system using acoustic sensor

Drawbacks:
The Acoustic sensor is used to detect the ambulance siren sound this will detect only if
the ambulance is nearer to the traffic signal. so the transmitting frequency of the sensor from
the ambulance to the microcontroller will make some delay for the quick movement of the
ambulance.
Traffic control with Image processing:

Their focus is to monitor traffic density through camera grabbing images in real-time, then

comparing it with the reference image. The information is communicated to the server and

can be remotely monitored and controlled. In addition to that for emergency situation they

include a RF transmitter in the ambulance and receiver in the traffic light and will implement

this system for traffic controlling in a 4 lane junction. Their system also considers pedestrian

trying to cross the road during green signal it will turn on an alarm and warn the pedestrian

and traffic police. This system is also updated with the idea that, when a vehicle trying to

move even during red signal it will turn on an alarm to warn the driver of the vehicle.

Fig 3.3:-Traffic control using image processing

Drawback:
The PPI of Camera is small. So, that this will lead to improper clearance of vehicle.
 CHAPTER 4

IOT BASED SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The concept of Internet of Things started with things with identity communication
devices. The devices could be tracked, controlled or monitored using remote computers
connected through Internet. It Extends the use of Internet providing the communication, and
thus inter-network of the devices and physical objects, or ‘Things’. The two prominent words
are “internet” and “things”.

Internet means a vast global network of connected servers, computers, tablets and mobiles
using the internationally used protocols and connecting systems. Internet enables sending,
receiving, or communicating of information.In dictionary the meaning of ‘Thing’ is a term
used to reference to a physical object, an action or idea, situation or activity, in case when we
do not wish to be precise. , in general consists of inter-network of the devices and physical
objects, number of objects can gather the data at remote locations and communicate to units
managing, acquiring, organizing and analyzing the data in the processes and services. It
provides a vision where things (wearable, watch, alarm clock, home devices, surrounding
objects with) become smart and behave alive through sensing, computing and communicating
by embedded small devices which interact with remote objects or persons through
connectivity.
The scalable and robust nature of Cloud computing is allowing developers to create and host
their applications on it. Cloud acts as a perfect partner, as it acts as a platform where all the
sensor data can be stored and accessed from remote locations. These factors give rise to the
amalgamation of both technologies thus leading to the formation of a new technology called
cloud of Things. In the things (nodes) could be accessed, monitored and controlled from any
remote location through the cloud. Due to high scalability in cloud any number of node could
be added or removed from the system on a real time basis. The ideal of creating a Smart City
is now becoming possible with the emergence of the Internet of Things.

A significant amount of research work carried out on traffic management systems, but
intelligent traffic monitoring is still an active research topic due to the emerging technologies
such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The integration of these
technologies will facilitate the techniques for better decision making and achieve urban
growth. However, the existing traffic prediction methods mostly dedicated to highway and
urban traffic management, and limited studies focused on collector roads and closed
campuses. Besides, reaching out to the public, and establishing active connections to assist
them in decision-making is challenging when the users are not equipped with any smart
devices. This research proposes an IoT based system model to collect, process, and store real-
time traffic data for such a scenario. The objective is to provide real-time traffic updates on
traffic congestion and unusual traffic incidents through roadside message units and thereby
improve mobility. These early-warning messages will help citizens to save their time,
especially during peak hours. Also, the system broadcasts the traffic updates from the
administrative authorities. A prototype is implemented to evaluate the feasibility of the
model, and the results of the experiments show good accuracy in vehicle detection and a low
relative error in road occupancy estimation.
4.2 PROPOSED MODEL – BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1:-Block diagram of proposed model

4.3 WORKING OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
.
The proposed model is based on density calculation and ambulance detection
using IoT. However the density monitoring of the vehicles technology is same in this
project, but change is replacing the acoustic sensor and replacing a GSM module
receiver in microcontroller and also placing GSM module Transmitter on the
ambulance. So that the ambulance will give a request of sharing location to the every
traffic signals that the ambulance should pass over to arrive the hospital. The
Microcontroller is the main part of the system to which LCD Display, IR Sensors, Signal
Circuit, GSM Modem are connected. Two Smart phones are integrated with the system. One
for the user to request for the traffic status through message and another one is placed at
the signal junction to capture the traffic density and send it to the user when requested by
the user. There are three IR sensors (IR-1, IR-2, IR-3) for Low traffic density, Medium traffic
density and High traffic density. When IR-1 sensor is detected, the LCD
displays Low traffic density and Green light will be on for 20 seconds. When
IR-2 sensor is detected, the LCD Display displays Medium traffic density and Green
light will be on for 60 seconds. When IR-3 sensor is detected, the LCD Display
displays High traffic density and Green light will be on for 60 seconds. When an
Ambulance approaches the signal junction, the transmitter in the Ambulance sends
signal to the receiver which is placed at the traffic signal junction. Whether is Low
traffic density, or Medium traffic density, or High traffic density, the Green light will
be on for 60 seconds for the Ambulance to pass through the signal junction.
4.4 IR sensor (RKI-3141):

An IR (Infrared) sensor is an electronic device which can be used to sense certain

parameters of its surroundings by either emitting or detecting radiations. It can also measure
heat of an object and detect motion. It uses the infrared light to sense objects in front of them
and map or guess their distance. This system consists of 8 IR sensors as a detector of 4
junctions. IR transmitter looks like an LED.This IR transmitter always emits IR rays from it.
The operating voltage of this IR transmitter is 2 to 3v. These IR (infra-red) rays are invisible
to the human eye. But we can see these IR radiations through camera. IR transmitter
transmits IR rays that are received by IR receiver. Generally, IR receiver has high resistance
in the order of mega ohms but when it is receiving IR rays the resistance is very low. The
operating voltage of IR receiver also 2 to 3V. We have to place these IR pair in such a way
that when we place an obstacle in front of this IR pair, IR receiver should be able to receive
the IR rays. When power is supplied, the transmitted IR rays hit the object and reflect back to
the IR receiver.

Fig 4.2:-IR Sensor Diagram

Light emitting diode (LED):

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n

junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the
leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy
in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor. LED’s are typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical
components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.

Fig 4.3:-Light Emitting Diode (LED)

4.5 PROCESSING UNIT (ARDUINO UNO):

 Arduino/Genuine Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

Fig 4.4:-Processing unit of Arduino UNO

The 14 digital input/output pins can be used as input or output pins by using pinMode(),
digitalRead() and digitalWrite() functions in arduino programming. Each pin operate at 5V
and can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an internal pull-up resistor
of 20-50K Ohms which are disconnected by default.  Out of these 14 pins, some pins have
specific functions as listed below:

Serial Pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial
data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.

External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3:

These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or
a change in value.

PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: 

These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite() function.

SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): 

These pins are used for SPI communication.

In-built LED Pin 13: 

This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED is on and when pin
13 is LOW, it’s off.
Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog input pins, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution, i.e. 1024 different values. They measure from 0 to 5 volts but this limit can be
increased by using AREF pin with analog Reference() function.  
Analog pin 4 (SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) also used for TWI communication using Wire library.
Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:

AREF: 
Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analog Reference() function.

Reset Pin: 
Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.
 Fig 4.5:-Pin Diagram of ATMEGA328P

ADC Inputs:
This MCU has six channels—PORTC0 to PORTC5—with 10-bit resolution A/D
converter. These pins are connected to the analog header on the Arduino board.
One common mistake is to think of analog input as dedicated input for A/D function only,
as the header in the board states ”Analog”. The reality is that you can use them as digital I/O
or A/D.
AVCC: The power pin for the A/D unit.
AREF: The input pin used optionally if you want to use an external voltage reference for
ADC rather than the internal Vref. You can configure that using an internal register.
FLOW DIAGRAM:

Fig 4.6:-Flow Diagram of ARDUINO UNO

UART Peripheral:
 A UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a serial interface. The
ATmega328 has only one UART module.

 The pins (RX, TX) of the UART are connected to a USB-to-UART converter circuit
and also connected to pin0 and pin1 in the digital header. You must avoid using the
UART if you’re already using it to send/receive data over USB.

SPI Peripheral:
 The SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is another serial interface. The ATmega328 has
only one SPI module.

 Besides using it as a serial interface, it can also be used to program the MCU using a
standalone programmer. You can reach the SPI's pins from the header next to the
MCU in the Arduino UNO board or from the digital header as below:

11<->MOSI
12<->MISO
13<->SCK

TWI:
 The I2C or Two Wire Interface is an interface consisting of only two wires, serial
data, and a serial clock: SDA, SCL.

 You can reach these pins from the last two pins in the digital header or pin4 and pin5
in the analog header.
4.6 GSM/GPRS TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER:

Transmitter:
Mobile phones are used as a transmitter to this system because mobile phones consist of
GPRS and GPS for transmitting and locating the user area. So, mobile phones act as a
transmitter for transmitting the location by sharing via GPRS to the Receiver(sim900 module)
placed at the traffic signal system.

Fig 4.7:-Wireless GSM Transmitter

Receiver (Simcom sim900):

SIMCOM presents an ultra compact and reliable wireless module-SIM900. This is a

complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS module in a SMT type and designed with a very powerful
single-chip processor integrating AMR926EJ-S core, allowing you to benefit from small
dimensions and cost-effective solutions.

Fig 4.8:-Pin Diagram of SIMCOM SIM900A

SIM900A GSM Module Pin Configuration

GPIO Pins

The GPIO pins help to perform the simple and advance I/O function. All pins give the
maximum output equal to the power supply which is useable to control most of the devices
like sensors and other modules. All GPIO pins in SIM900A are:
 GPIO1 – Pin40
 GPIO2 – Pin41
 GPIO3 – Pin42
 GPIO4 – Pin43
 GPIO5 – Pin44
 GPIO6 – Pin47
 GPIO7 – Pin48
 GPIO8 – Pin49
 GPIO9 – Pin50
 GPIO10 – Pin51
 GPIO11 – Pin67
 GPIO12 – Pin68

Status Pins

The module has two status pins which help to indicate two different kinds of status. The
first one is the working status of the module and the second for communication status. Net
status means either the module is connecting to the network or other network functions, etc.
Both these pins can’t operate LED directly. They always act with a combination of a
transistor.
 STATUS – Pin52
 NIGHTLIGHT – Pin66

SIM900A Display Interface Pins

The device offers a 4 pin display interface with itself. The display isn’t necessary; it is only
in case of requirement. The use of interface helps to get the visualization with the module
and make it an application. All display pins are:
 DISP_DATA – Pin12 – For Display Data
 DISP_CLK – Pin11 – For Clock Input
 DISP_CS – Pin14 – To enable the display
 DISP_D/C – Pin13 – To select between data and command
I2C Pins

SIM900A has multiple kinds of communication and I2C is one of them due to is

popularity. The module has a single I2C protocol pin, which helps to build the application

with any module with that communication.

 SCL – Pin38
 SDA – Pin37
SDA for data and SCL for clock pulse.

SIM900A GSM Module Keypad interface Pins

The two-pin keypad is interface able with the module. The module will take the keypad
data as a 2D matrix value from the KCB pins for each value. The keypad interface pins in the
module are:
 KBR0~KBR4 (ROWS) – Pin40~Pin44
 KBC0~KBC4 (COLUMN) – Pin47~Pin51

Serial Port

The UART serial interface uses the two pins for proper data communication, which are

RX and TX. Both pins have no independence on any other pins or modules. In SIM900A

these pins are available but it also has some other pins for status/indication of data. By

combining these pins, the serial port helps to generate the RS-232 connector too. All the

serial pins are:

 RXD – Pin10 – To receive the data
 TXD – Pin 9- To send the data
 RTS – Pin8 – To send the request of data transmission
 CTS – Pin7 – To clear the send request
 RI – Pin4 – Ring indicator
 DSR – Pin6 – To indicate that data set ready
 DCD – Pin5 – To indicate data carry detect
 DTR – Pin3 – To indicate data terminal ready

Debug Interface

Debugging helps the developers to debug the module and update its firmware. In this
module, there are separate serial interface pins for debugging. Both pins are:
  DBG_TXD – Pin27 – For Data Transmission
 DBG_RXD – Pin28 – For Data receiving

SIM Interface

As we know that module SIM900A is a GPRS/GSM module. The module is dependent on

some devices for some of its features. The most important one is the SIM. The SIM needs to
connect with the module for GPRS/GSM functions to fully operate. All the sim interface of
the module is:
 SIM_VDD – Pin30 – Power Supply of the SIM
 SIM_DATA – Pin31 – For data output
 SIM_CLK – Pin32 – For clock pulse
 SIM_RST – Pin33 – For reset
 SIM_PRESENCE – Pin34 – To detect the SIM

SIM900A Analog to Digital converter Pins

The module has only a single pin to detect and convert the analog signal to digital for

SIM900A. The voltage range on the ADC pin is from 0 to 3 only.

 ADC – Pin25

PWM Pins

The PWM is mostly in microcontrollers for industrial applications but due to IoT, the module

offers two PWM pins which helps to make the IoT and PWM based device without using any

third interface.
 PWM1 – Pin35
 PWM2 – Pin36

Audio Interface

The audio interface will help to connect the mic and speaker with SIM900A. The connection
of Line, Audio and Speaker will help to make the calls through the modules.
 MIC_P – Pin19
 MIC_N – Pin20
 SPK_P – Pin21
 SPK_N – Pin22
 LINEIN_R – Pin23
 LINE_L – Pin24
Control Pin

There is power on pins on the device, which helps to turn it on using external signals.
There is two power on pins. The first one is PWRKEY which requires a LOW signal to
power on/off the system. To do that, the pins require an input signal for a little bit long time. .
The second pin is PWRKEY_OUT, which gets short with the PWRKEY pin and turn on/off
the device.
 PWRKEY – Pin1
 PWRKEY_OUT – Pin2

Reset pins

The device has an external LOW input signal reset pin to reset the device with the use of
an external signal.
 NRESET – Pin16

SIM900A GSM Module RF Antenna

To extend the range of the SIM900A the antenna pin needs to connect with an external
wire. The official antenna is also available for the module.
 RF_ANT – Pin60

Power Pins

The module SIM900A has multiple types of power pin. Some works as input and some as
output. The most important one to understand is VRTC, which acts as a backup for the
internal RTC of the device. All power and ground pins of the module are:
 VBAT(Input) – Pin55, Pin56, Pin57

 VRTC (Input/output) – Pin26

 VDD_EXT(OUTPUT) – Pin15

 GND – Pin17, Pin18, Pin29, Pin39, Pin45, Pin46, Pin53, Pin54, Pin58, Pin59, Pin61,

Pin62, Pin63, Pin64, Pin65

 Fig 4.9:-Connection between Arduino UNO and SIMCOM (900)

Connections between Arduino UNO and SIMCOM (900)

Featuring an industry-standard interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS
850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form factor
and with low power consumption. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm,
SIM900 can fit almost all the space requirements in your M2M applications, especially for
slim and compact demands of design.

The simulation of IOT based smart traffic control cannot be completely designed or
implemented because there are some restrictions.

The restrictions are the IR sensors which are implemented in block diagram cannot be used in
simulation because for IR sensors there should be any obstacle for blocking it. In simulation
we cannot keep any obstacle so, here we use a push button as a obstacle
 CHAPTER 5

DESIGN FOR SIMULATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over

time Simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key characteristics or
behaviors of the selected system or process, whereas the simulation represents the evolution
of the model over time. Often, computers are used to execute the simulation.

Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance

tuning or optimizing, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games.
Simulation is also used with scientific modeling of natural systems or human systems to gain
insight into their functioning as in economics, Simulation can be used to show the eventual
real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action. Simulation is also used when the
real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible, or it may be dangerous or
unacceptable to engage, or it is being designed but not yet built, or it may simply not exist.[4]

Key issues in modeling and simulation include the acquisition of valid sources of information
about the relevant selection of key characteristics and behaviors used to build the model, the
use of simplifying approximations and assumptions within the model, and fidelity and
validity of the simulation outcomes. Procedures and protocols for model verification and
validation are an ongoing field of academic study, refinement, research and development in
simulations technology or practice, particularly in the work of computer simulation.
5.2 PROTEUS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION AND SETUP:

It is a software suite containing schematic, simulation as well as PCB designing.

 ISIS is the software used to draw schematics and simulate the circuits in real time.The

simulation allows human access during run time, thus providing real time simulation.

 ARES  is used for PCB designing.It has the feature of viewing output in 3D view of
the

designed PCB along  with components.

 The designer can also develop 2D drawings for the product.

STEP 1: System Requirements for Proteus Professional 8.6

Before you download Proteus Professional 8.6 SP2, make sure that the system

requirements.

 Software Full Name (Proteus Professional).

 Setup File Name (.zip/. exe).

 Full Setup Size (248 MB, 1.2 GB).

 Setup Type (Offline Installer / Full Standalone Setup).
 Latest Version Release date.
 Developers (Proteus).
 Operating System (Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1/10)
 Memory (RAM)-3 GB of RAM required.
 Hard Disk Space- 1 GB of free space required.

Step 2: Download the Proteus software

Download the Proteus 8 Professional software and then extract the zip file
in particular folder and save them.

Step 3: Installing process

1. Select “Next” to continue.

2. Select "I accept the terms of this agreement" and select Next. On the
“License Agreement” page, check “I accept terms of this agreement” and
click “Next”.

3. Open the file from folder for installing the software Click twice on the
installation exe file. (Click “Next) if would to like to select another folder
browse otherwise to continue “click next”.

4. Click “Next” for installation.

5. Choose the particular folder and then click “Next”.

6. Files will start extracting.

7. After completion of installing click “Finish” to end.

5.3 CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS

 Fig 5.1:-Circuit diagram of simulation
PIN CONNECTIONS:
Arrange the traffic lights as shown in the figure.

CONSIDER GREEN(G1,G2,G3,G4), RED(R1,R2,R3,R4), YELLOW(Y1,Y2,Y3,Y4)

1 .CONNECT: TRAFFIC LIGHTS AND ARDUINO UNO

G1 TO PB0

Y1 TO PB1
R1 TO PB2
G2 TO PB3
Y2 TO PB4
R2 TO PB5
R3 TO PD7
Y3 TO PD6
G3 TO PD5
R4 TO PD4
Y4 TO PD3
 G4 TO PD2

2. CONNECT: PUSH BUTTON AND ARDUINO UNO

 A0 To Push Button 1 With Resistor 10k
 A1 To Push Button 2 With Resistor 10k
 A2 To Push Button 3 With Resistor 10k
 A3 To Push Button 4 With Resistor 10k
 Connect another end of all pushbuttons to source.
 Connect another end of all resistors to earth.

In this simulation, we are using push button rather than IR sensors and GSM/GPRS because
in simulation we cannot implement any obstacles in front of IR sensors and also cannot send
message with GSM/GPRS. Both of these can only do with the real time unit.

5.4 WORKING OF SIMULATION PROCESS

Step 1:

Fig 5.2:-Simulation process step 1

After the completion of connection and coding start simulation by clicking the play
button, which is highlighted.
Step 2:
 Fig 5.3:-Simulation process step 2
When the push button 1 is set for condition, then the traffic signal 1 will be set for green
until the pushbutton 1 is released.
Step 3:

Fig 5.4:-Simulation process step 3

Similarly, when the push button 2 is set for on condition then the traffic light 2 will be set for
green until the pushbutton is released.
Likewise, another two traffic light systems will work on this condition.

5.5 RESULT:

The system we propose provides a real-time smart traffic control system for
emergency vehicles .This method of traffic control system will reduce time and also the stress
that people faces int heir day to day life.

CHAPTER 6:

CONCLUSION

To reduce the congestion and unwanted time delay in traffic, an advanced system is required.
One such advanced technology is IOT based smart traffic control system for emergency
vehicles. Keeping the patients health in mind, because a single second of delay can cause a
loss of life. so, this technique is used. Whether, it is Low traffic density, or Medium traffic
density, or High traffic density. Once the ambulance acknowledged, then the Green light will
be on for 60 seconds till the Ambulance pass through the signal junction. With this technique,
a new era of traffic signal control is entered.
CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES

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3) Dinesh Rotake, Prof. Swapnil Karmore “Intelligent Traffic Signal Control System
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