Bataan Heroes College

Balanga City, Bataan

Comparative Models in
Policing

NIÑA ALYANNA L. CERUDO

INSTRUCTOR
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
 BATAAN HEROES COLLEGE

This module or any portion thereof may not be reproduced, copied, transmitted, or
distributed in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the College or
the Author.

For Permission: Contact Bataan Heroes College, Roman Super Hi-way, Balanga City,
Bataan, Philippines

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Course Information

Course Title : Comparative Models in Policing

Program : Criminology

Course Code : Lea 6

Credit Units : 3

Pre-Requisite : Lea 5

Instructor Information

Name : Niña Alyanna L. Cerudo

Contact Information:

a. Number : 0956-928-1189
b. Facebook Page : facebook.com/alyanna.cerudo/ or Niña Cerudo
c. Email : [email protected]

Course Purpose and Description

This course presents the study of global problem; transnational crimes such as
terrorism, drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering and cybercrime its effect;
threats and opportunities for law enforcement and the huge problem in worldwide. Also covers
the different transnational crimes, its nature, and effects as well as the organization of the law
enforcement set-up in the Philippines and its comparison of selected police models and their
relations with Interpol and the UN bodies in the campaign against transnational crimes and in the
promotion of world peace.

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Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)

By the end of the semester, students are expected to:

1. Define and explain the nature of globalization
2. Identify the forms of government and continents of global community
3. Distinguish the globalization to transnational crimes such as terrorism, human trafficking,
human smuggling, drug trafficking, cybercrime, and money laundering;
4. Comprehend the theories of comparative policing
5. Understand the conceptual origin of law enforcement and types of Police System
6. Understand the very nature of the Interpol
7. Gain an overview of the UN’s function
8. Understand the International Criminal Court
9. Familiarize with the selected police models
10. Digest the cited police system models around the globe

Course Schedule

Intended Learning
Weeks Module No Module
Outcomes
1st 1 Globalization 1, 2, 3
-Concept of Globalization
-Effect of globalization on law
enforcement
-Nature of transnational crimes
-Continents which composed the global
community
-Forms and types of government
2nd 2 Comparative Police System 4, 5
-Theories of comparative policing
-Comparative law enforcement

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-Types of Police System

-Comparative Court System
3rd 3 Select Model Police System 9, 10
-ASEANAPOL
-Asian Countries Police System
➢ Organizational Structure
➢ Distinct Feature/s
➢ Similarities in the PNP
➢ Rank Structure (Comparison)
4th 4 Midterm Assessment 6
The International Criminal Police
Organization (INTERPOL)
-Brief history of Interpol
-The role of the INTERPOL
-INTERPOL’s Structure
-INTERPOL’s Notice
5th 5 Establishing Bilateral and International 7
cooperation in addressing Transnational
Crime
-UN or United Nation
-The UN Convention against Transnational
Crimes
-Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- ASEAN Declaration on Transnational
Crime
-UN Special Action Team (UNSAT)
6th 6 International Criminal Court 8
- Overview of ICC
-Genocide
-Crimes Against Humanity
-War Crimes
Final Assessment

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References
Dr. Garcia, Mario M. 2015 “A textbook on Comparative and Criminal Justice System”,
Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.
Dr. Garcia, Mario M. 2011 “Comparative Police System”, Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.
Dr. Poschor-Depayso, Veneranda 2017 “Comparative Police System”, Wiseman’s Books
Trading Inc.
Manwong, Rommel K, San Diego, Gilbert C. 1st edition “Dynamics of Law Enforcement and
Public Safety Administration”, Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.
https://www.ohchr.org/en/udhr/documents/udhr_translations/eng.pdf

https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/add16852-aee9-4757-abe7-
9cdc7cf02886/283503/romestatuteng1.pdf

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Module 3: Select Model Police System

Learning Objectives:

After studying this module, you should be able to

1. Gain an overview of ASEANAPOL
2. Identify the Asian countries police system
3. Understand the similarities in the PNP

http://www.aseanapol.org/about-aseanapol/permanent-secretariat

6.1 ASEANAPOL
What is ASEANAPOL?

➢ National Police organization for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
➢ The first formal meeting of the Chiefs of ASEAN Police was held in Manila, Philippines
on the 21 to 23 October 1981
➢ To discuss matters of law enforcement and crime control.
➢ This annual meeting was called ASEANAPOL Conference.
➢ The basic requirement for a country to become a member of ASEANAPOL is that the
country shall first be a member of ASEAN and the application shall be tabled at the
conference for approval.

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After 24 years, it has grown from 5 police chiefs to a solid force of the ASEAN TEN,
signaling the emergence of a regional alliance that is determined to secure not only our
sovereignties but also the peace and progress of our community

Original Members of
OTHER Members
ASEANAPOL
Malaysia Brunei
Singapore Cambodia
Thailand Myanmar
Philippines Vietnam
Indonesia Laos

What are the objectives of ASEANAPOL?

1. Enhancing Police Professionalism

2. Forging stronger regional co-operation in police work
3. Promoting lasting friendship amongst the police officers of ASEAN countries

Organization of ASEANPOL
1. ASEANAPOL Executive Committee
➢ Comprise of deputy heads of the delegation attending the annual ASEANAPOL
conference. It provides summary reports of the activities of the Secretariat to the Head of
the Delegation
2. ASEANAPOL Permanent Secretariat
➢ Is on a rotational basis with member countries taking a turn to host the ASEANAPOL
conference and automatically assume the role of the secretariat for the current year.
➢ headed by the executive director and assisted by 2 directors

Tenure of Services
a. Executive Director - 2 years
b. Directors – 2-3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans and Programs

➢ During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of
Reference on the establishment of the ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally
endorsed. Kuala Lumpur was made the permanent seat.
➢ The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its operation fully on January 1, 2010.

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6.2 Asian Countries Police System

A. Japan Police System
➢ Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to 1945)
➢ Japanese Colonial Government
➢ The one which organized the first formal policing in China.

 Japanese Yakuza

➢ Considered as the center of Asian organized crime action.

What are the historical secret police organizations?

1. Tokko- Investigated and controlled political groups and ideologies deemed to be a threat
to public order
2. Kempeitai-Military Police of the Imperial Japanese Army
3. Tokeitai- Military Police of the Imperial Japanese Navy

What is the Organizational Structure of the Japan Police System?

A. National Public Safety Commission

➢ A civilian commission which supervises the National Police Agency with respect to
most aspects of police organization and administration including training, equipment,
recruitment, communications, and criminal statistics

The NPSC controls the National Police Agency (NPA) with respect to:
1. police training
2. communications
3. criminal statistics
4. equipment
5. other police administration
6. Matters of police operations affecting national public safety.
B. National Police Agency (NPA)
➢ Established under the control of the National Public Safety Commission, headed by a
Commissioner-General

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➢ It is made up of Commissioner-General’s Secretariat and five Bureaus:

1. Community Safety Bureau
2. Criminal Investigation Bureau
3. Traffic Bureau
4. Security Bureau
5. Info-Communications Bureau

Rank Structure of Japan Police System

Rank Japanese Translation Designation
Commissioner-General Keisatsu-chō Chōkan The Chief of National Police Agency
Superintendent General Keishi-sōkan The Chief of Metropolitan Police
Department
Superintendent Keishi-kan Deputy Commissioner General,
Supervisor Deputy-Superintendent General, The
Chief of Regional Police Bureau, The
Chief of Prefectural Police
Headquarters
Chief Superintendent Keishi-chō The Chief of Prefectural Police
Headquarters
Senior Superintendent Keishi-sei The Chief of Police Station
Superintendent Keishi? The Chief of Police Station
Police Inspector or Keibu?
Captain
Assistant Police Inspector Keibu-ho?
or Lieutenant
Police Sergeant Junsa-buchō?
Senior Police Officer or Junsa-chō? Honorary rank.
Corporal
Police officer, old Junsa
Patrolman

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JAPANESE POLICE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

➢ The Koban and the Chuzaisho is the large network of local police post that makes the
Japanese Police distinctive.
➢ Tiny police post which constitutes the heart of the Japanese police operation.

1. KOBAN
➢ a police post located in an urban neighborhood
➢ In large cities, a koban can be found every few blocks.
➢ The officers in the Koban account for about 40% of the total
police strength in Japan.
➢ For the most part, its function as a “community safety center”
2. CHUZAISHO
➢ The rural equivalent of the urban Koban
➢ Rural police officers are known as chuzaishan who lives with his family in a small house
provided by the government that also serves as an office for conducting police business

B. Hongkong Police System

➢ is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong
➢ It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing
system.
➢ It was formed on 1 May 1844
The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy
commissioners:
1. Deputy Commissioner – Operations
➢ supervises all operational matters including crime
2. Deputy Commissioner – Management
➢ responsible for the direction and coordination of force management including personnel,
training, and management services

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What is the “motto” of the Hongkong Police System?

“We Serve with Pride and Care”
Rank Structure of Hongkong Police System
Commissioner [CP]
Deputy Commissioner [DCP]
Senior Assistant Commissioner [SACP]
Assistant Commissioner [ACP]
Chief Superintendent of Police [CSP]
Senior Superintendent of Police [SSP]
Superintendent of Police [SP]
Chief Inspector of Police [CIP]
Senior Inspector of Police [SIP]
Inspector of Police [IP]
Probationary Inspector of Police [PI]
Station Sergeant [SSGT]
Sergeant [SGT]
Senior Police Constable [SPC]
Constable [PC]

Similarities in the PNP

NATIONAL PUBLIC DEPARTMENT OF SECURITY BUREAU OF
SAFETY COMMISSION - INTERIOR AND LOCAL HONG KONG
Minister GOVERNMENT - Secretary
National Police Agency Philippine National Police Hong Kong Police Force
Commissioner General – Chief PNP – Director General Commissioner of Police –
Superintendent General Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner Deputy Chief PNP for OPNS Dep. Comm OPNS & MAN –
General – Superintendent & Admin – Deputy Director Deputy Commissioner
Supervisor General
Chief Superintendent Director Director of OPNS, Crime &
Scty, Personnel & Trng, &
Management Services –
Senior Assistant

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Commissioner
Senior Superintendent Chief Superintendent Assistant Commissioner
Superintendent Superintendent Chief Superintendent of Police
Police Inspector Chief Inspector Senior Superintendent of
Police
Assistant Police Inspector Senior Inspector Superintendent of Police
Inspector Chief Inspector of Police
Senior Inspector of Police
Inspector of Police
Probationary Inspector of
Police
Police Sergeant Senior Police Officer IV Station Sergeant
Senior Police Officer III Sergeant
Senior Police Officer II
Senior Police Officer I
Policeman Police Officer III Senior Constable
Police Officer II Constable
Police Officer I

C. Singapore Police Force

Singapore Police Force (SPF) or Pasukan Polis Singapura
➢ is the main agency task with maintaining law and order in the city-state
➢ Formerly Republic of Singapore Police
➢ Ministry of Home Affairs
➢ Neighborhood Police Centers
Francis James Bernard
➢ formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819
Training in Singapore Police Force
1. Police Academy
➢ provides basic training to both new and serving officers of the SPF
2. 6 Months
➢ the duration of training for Constables
3. 10 Months
➢ duration of training for Officer Cadet Trainees

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What is the “motto” of the Singapore Police Force?

“Setia dan Bakti” (Malay) or “Loyalty and Service”
Rank Structure of the Singapore Police Force
Senior police officers Police officers
Commissioner of Police [CP] Senior Station Inspector (2) of Police [SSI2]
Deputy Commissioner of Police [DCP] Senior Station Inspector of Police [SSI]
Senior Assistant Commissioner [SAC] Station Inspector of Police [SI]
Assistant Commissioner [AC] Senior Staff Sergeant [SSSGT]
Deputy Assistant Commissioner [DAC] Staff Sergeant [SSGT]
Superintendent of Police [SUPT] Sergeant [SGT]
Deputy Superintendent of Police [DSP] Corporal [CPL]
Assistant Superintendent of Police [ASP] Lance Corporal [LC]: Gurkha rank
Inspector of Police [INSP] Special constable [SC]: non-regulars

D. Thailand Police System

Royal Thai Police (RTP)
➢ The primary law enforcement agency of Thailand
➢ Formerly known as Thailand National Police Department (TNPD)\
➢ In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to be directly
under the Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position
of its supreme head was changed from that of the Director-General of the TNPD to the
Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police
Rank Structure of Royal Thai Police
Ranks Translations
Police General phon tamruat ek
Commissioned officers Police Lieutenant General phon tamruat tho
Police Major General phon tamruat tri
Police Brigadier General phon tamruat jattawa

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Police Senior Colonel phan tamruat ek phiset

Police Colonel phan tamruat ek
Police Lieutenant Colonel phan tamruat tho
Police Major phan tamruat tri
Police Captain roi tamruat ek
Police Lieutenant roi tamruat tho
Police Sub-Lieutenant roi tamruat tri
Police Senior Sergeant Major dap tamruat
Police Sergeant Major ja sip tamruat
Police Sergeant sip tamruat ek
Non-Commissioned officers
Police Corporal sip tamruat tho
Police Lance Corporal sip tamruat tri
Policeman/Constable phon tamruat

E. Cambodia National Police

Cambodia National Police
➢ is the primary law enforcement agency in Cambodia
➢ Ministry of Interior
➢ With a strength of 64,000 staff, Cambodia’s national police force is organized into six (6)
Central Departments:
1. Security
2. Transport
3. Public order
4. Border
5. Administrative
6. Judicial.

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Rank Structure of Cambodia National Police

General
Lieutenant General
Major General
Brigadier General
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Major
Captain
1st Lieutenant
2nd Lieutenant
Chief Warrant Officer
Warrant Officer
Sergeant Major
First Sergeant
Staff Sergeant

F. Malaysia Police System

Royal Malaysian Police or Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM)
➢ Police Force of Malaysia.
➢ headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
➢ The constitution, control, employment, recruitment, fund, discipline, duties, and powers
of the police force is specified and governed by the Police Act 1967
What is the “motto” of Royal Malaysian Police or Polis Diraja Malaysia (DPRM)?
“TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH or Firm, Fair and Prudent”

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Rank Structure of Royal Malaysian Police

Grade Ranks Designations
Inspector General of National Chief Police.
Police [IGP
Deputy Inspector General of Deputy National Chief Police.
Police [DIG]
Commissioner of Police [CP] Department Chief Police
Deputy Commissioner of State Chief Police Officer
Police [DCP] [CPO]
Inspector General Grade
Senior Assistant State Division Chief
Commissioner of Police I
[SAC I]
Commissioner of Police I
[SAC II]
Assistant Commissioner of District Chief Police.
Police [ACP]
Superintendent of
Police [SUPT]
Superintendent Grade Deputy Superintendent of District Division Chief
Police [DSP]
Assistant Superintendent of Station Chief Police.
Police [ASP]
Chief Inspector [C/INSP]

Inspector Grade Inspector [INSP]

Probationary
Inspector [P/INSP]
Sub-Inspector [S/INSP]
Sergeant Major [SM]
Sergeant [SGT]
Enlisted Grade
Corporal [CPL]
Lance Corporal [L/CPL]
Constable

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G. Taiwan Police System

Taiwan (The Republic of China)
➢ is the unified Police Force of Taiwan
➢ National Police Agency
➢ under the supervision of MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
➢ under effective civilian control
What is the Organization of National Police Agency in Taiwan?
1. Administration Police
➢ Generally referred to those who are required to wear uniforms to carry out duties of
household visits, patrolling, raid, guarding, duty officer, and reserves.
2. Traffic Police
➢ The primary duties of the Traffic Police are to keep traffic order, to ensure traffic safety,
to prevent traffic accidents, and to smooth traffic flow.
3. Special Police
➢ Those who are responsible for protecting the Central Government, establishing
contingent plans, and assisting local and specialized police units in maintaining public
order.
4. Criminal Investigation Police
➢ The primary duties of the criminal investigation police are to prevent and detect crimes.
5. Specialized Police
➢ The main duties are to protect state-run enterprises and public facilities like railways,
highways, airports, harbors, MRT, and Bank of Taiwan.

Rank Structure of the National Police Agency (Taiwan)

Supervisory Rank Police Supervisor General
Police Supervisor Rank One
Police Supervisor Rank Two
Police Supervisor Rank Three
Police Supervisor Rank Four

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Officers Rank Police Officer Rank One

Police Officer Rank Two
Police Officer Rank Three
Police Officer Rank Four
Police Rank Police Rank One
Police Rank Two
Police Rank Three
Police Rank Four

H. Vietnam Police System

People's Public Security of Vietnam

➢ The main police and security force of Vietnam

➢ Under the control of the Ministry of Public Security
➢ It is a part of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and under the de facto control of the
Communist Party of Vietnam.
➢ This force was created on 19 August 1945.
➢ It is composed of 2 service branches, the Vietnam People's Security Force and
the Vietnam People's Police Force.

Rank Structure of Vietnam Police System

Commissioned officers
Highest Rank
Ranks Translations
Police General Đại tướng Công an
Police Colonel General Thượng tướng Công an
Police Lieutenant General Trung tướng Công
Police Major General Thiếu tướng Công an
Middle Rank
Police Brigadier Đại tá Công an

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Police Colonel Thượng tá Công an

Police Lieutenant Colonel Trung tá Công an
Police Major Thiếu tá Công an
Low Rank
Police Captain Đại úy Công an
Police First Lieutenant Thượng úy Công an
Police Lieutenant Trung úy Công an
Police Sub-Lieutenant Thiếu úy Công an
Non-commissioned officers
Sergeant Major Thượng Sĩ
Sergeant Trung Sĩ
Corporal Hạ Sĩ
Enlisted personnel
Private First Class, Senior Constable Binh Nhất
Private, Constable Binh Nhì

I. Indonesia Police System

Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia)
➢ is the official police force of Indonesia
➢ it was organized on 1946
➢ also known as Polri

What is Markasbesar/Mabes?

➢ name of the headquarters of Indonesian National Police located in KebayoranBaru,

South, Jakarta, Indonesia

What are the Polri Territorial Forces?

1. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil - Regional Police
2. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda - Provincial Police

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3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = City or Regency Police

4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = Sub-District Police

What are the branches of the Indonesian National Police?

1. Mobile Brigade
➢ The elite force of the Indonesian Police Force which is usually referred to as the special
force for the Indonesian Police, it is a more special force for dealing in paramilitary and
other kinds of conflicts which normal Police can't take action against it.
2. Detachment 88
➢ Detachment 88 (Indonesian: Densus 88) is a special force of the Indonesian armed forces
in dealing with terrorism
3. PHH
➢ The PHH is an abbreviation for Polisi Huru-Hara, this police force is known as the Riot
Police of Indonesia

Rank Structure of the Indonesian National Police

Classifications Ranks Translations
Police General - equivalent Jenderal Polisi (Jend. Pol.)
General in the army
Police Commissioner Komisaris Jenderal Polisi
General - equivalent (Komjen Pol.)
High rank officers Lieutenant General
Police Inspector General - Inspektur Jenderal Polisi
equivalent Major General (Irjen Pol.)
Police Brigadier General - Brigadir Jenderal Polisi
equivalent Brigadier General (Brigjen Pol.)
Police Senior Commissioner - Komisaris Besar Polisi
Mid rank officers equivalent Colonel (Kombespol)
Police Senior Adjunct Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi

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Commissioner - equivalent (AKBP)

Lieutenant Colonel
Police Commissioner - Komisaris Polisi (Kompol)
equivalent Major
Police Adjunct Ajun Komisaris Polisi (AKP)
Commissioner - equivalent
Captain
Low rank officers First Police Inspector - Inspektur Polisi Satu (Iptu)
equivalent First Lieutenant
Second Police Inspector - Inspektur Polisi Dua (Ipda)
equivalent Second Lieutenant
First Police Adjunct Ajun Inspektur Polisi Satu
Inspector - equivalent Chief (Aiptu)
Warrant Officer
Warrant officers
Second Police Adjunct Ajun Inspektur Polisi Dua
Inspector - equivalent (Aipda)
Warrant Officer
Chief Police Brigadier - Brigadir Polisi Kepala
equivalent Sergeant Major (Bripka)
Non-commissioned officers
Police Brigadier - equivalent Brigadir Polisi (Brigadir)
Chief Sergeant
First Police Brigadier - Brigadir Polisi Satu (Briptu)
equivalent First Sergeant
Second Police Brigadier - Brigadir Polisi Dua (Bripda)
equivalent Second Sergeant
Enlisted
Police Adjunct Brigadier - Ajun Brigadir Polisi (Abrip)
equivalent Chief Corporal
First Police Adjunct Brigadier Ajun Brigadir Polisi Satu
- equivalent First Corporal (Abriptu)

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Second Police Adjunct Ajun Brigadir Polisi Dua

Brigadier - equivalent Second (Abripda)
Corporal
Chief Agent - equivalent Chief Bhayangkara Kepala
Private (Bharaka)
First Agent - equivalent Bhayangkara Satu (Bharatu)
Private First Class
Second Agent - equivalent Bhayangkara Dua (Bharada)
Private

J. China Police System

Kinds of Police System in China
1. Chinese People's Armed Police Force (commonly known as People's Armed Police
(PAP)
➢ is a paramilitary force primarily responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue duties in
the People's Republic of China
2. State Security Police
➢ Safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage, and conspiracies. Under
the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State council.
3. Prison Police
➢ A part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in prisons and
correction units. This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police
➢ Responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments and
some also executing death sentences.
5. Quasi-Para police
➢ Operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular actions
such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land.

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Rank Structure of China Police System

Commissioner General
Deputy Commissioner General
Commissioner 1st Class
Commissioner 2nd Class
Commissioner 3rd Class
Supervisor 1st Class
Supervisor 2nd Class
Supervisor 3rd Class
Superintendent 1st Class
Superintendent 2nd Class
Superintendent 3rd Class
Constable 1st Class
Constable 2nd Class

K. Philippine Police System

Philippine National Police
➢ The Philippine National Police (PNP) originated from the Philippine Constabulary or the
PC, which was inaugurated on August 8, 1901, establishing it as an insular police force
under the American regime.
➢ After the People’s Revolution in 1986, a new Constitution was promulgated providing
for a police force, which is “national in scope and civilian in character.”
➢ Consequently, Republic Act No. 6975 entitled, “An Act Establishing the Philippine
National Police under a Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local government
(DILG),” was signed into law on December 13, 1990, which took effect on January 1,
1991.

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Rank Structure of Philippine National Police

SPECIAL POLICE COMPARISON

COUNTRY SWAT SPECIAL FORCE
PHILIPPINES S.W.A.T S.A.F.
MALAYSIA PASUKAN GERAKAN UNIT GEMPUR MARIN
KHAS (PGK) (UNGERIN)
SINGAPORE SPECIAL TACTICS AND
RESCUE (STAR)
JAPAN SPECIAL ASSAULT TEAM
(S.AT.)
THAILAND ARINTHARAT 26
HONGKONG POLICE TACTICAL UNIT SPECIAL DUTIES UNIT

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IN RETROSPECT
DISTINC
LAW HIGHEST
PARENT LOWEST T
COUNTRY ENFORCEMENT RANK/POSITI
AGENCY AGENCY RANK FEATUR
ON
E
DILG
PHILIPPINES PNP PGEN/ C/PNP PAT
(NAPOLCOM)
JAPAN NPA NPSC SUPT. GEN-CG JUNSA KOBAN
MIN. HOME CONSTABL
SINGAPORE SPF CG-CP NPC
AFFAIRS E
CONSTABL
HONGKONG HKPF SEC. BUREAU CG-CP
E
MIN. PHON PHON
THAILAND RTP
INTERIOR TAMRUAT EK TAMRUAT
MIN. PUB. CONSTABL
CANADA RCMP CG-CP
SAFETY E
CAMBODIA CNP MIN. OF INT. GEN. S/SGT
POL.
POLICE
TAIWAN NPA MIN. OF INT. SUPERVISOR
RANK 4
GEN.
DAI TUONG
PEOPLES PUB.
VIETNAM MIN. OF SEC. CONG BINH NHI
SEC.
AN/POL/GEN
PUB. SEC. MIN. OF PUB. CONSTABL
CHINA COM. GEN.
POLI. SEC. E2
OFF. OF THE BHAYANG
INDONESIA INP JEND. POL.
PRES. KARA DUA
HOME
CONSTABL
MALAYSIA RMP AFFAIRS INSP. GEN.
E
MIN.
HOME
CONSTABL
AUSTRALIA AFP AFFAIRS COMMSNR
E
MIN.

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References
Dr. Garcia, Mario M. 2015 “A textbook on Comparative and Criminal Justice System”,
Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.
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Niña Alyanna L. Cerudo