Chapter 1

MATRICES

Denition 1. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers.OR A matrix is a rectangular arrange-

   
2 2 3 −5 4
ment composed of row, columns and elements.Thus and are matrices
4 4 −3 4 6

1.1 Elements in an array

Denition 2.Each number

 in the array is called an entry or an element of the matrix.For

2 1
example A= .Thus 2,1,4 and 5 are the entries of the matrix
4 5

1.2 Rows and Columns of a matrix

• The horizontal lines of entries in a matrix are called rows

• The vertical lines of entries in a matrix are called columns
• For example

• Thus the above matrix has 3 rows and 4 columns

1.3 Order(Dimension) of a matrix

Denition 3. This is the number of rows followed by the number of columns in a matrix.

Order of a matrix = Number of Rows × Number of Columns

Example 1 State the order of the matrices below

1
2
     
2 1 2 1 3 2 1 5
1. 2.
4 5 4 5 6 3.  4 5 7 
8 9 3
Order=2 × 2 Order=2 × 3
Order=3 × 3

1.4 Types of Matrix

1. Row matrix:This is a matrix having only one row.e.g

2 1 5
 
2
2. Column matrix:This is a matrix having only one column .e.g  1 
5
 
0 0
3. Null matrix:This is a matrix with all its elements zero.e.g
0 0
4. Square

matrix:This

is a matrix having the same number of rows and columns.e.g 2×2,3×3
2 1 5
Thus 4 5 7  is a square matrix

8 9 3
5. Diagonal matrix
 :This
 is a square matrix in which all he entries are zero except the diagonal
5 0
elements.e.g
0 6
6. Unit matrix or Identity matrix:This is a diagonal matrix in which the diagonal elements
are equal to one.An identity
 matrix is denoted by the symbol I.Thus a 2 × 2 identity matrix
1 0
is given by I =
0 1

1.5 Operations on matrices

1.5.1 Addition of matrices

• To add matrices of the same order, add the corresponding elements

     
a1 b 1 a2 b 2 a1 + a2 b1 + b2
• + =
c1 d 1 c2 d2 c1 + c2 d 1 + d 2

Examples
   
3 2 0 −2
1. Given that A = and B = .Find A+B
1 4 3 2
SOLUTION

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0 −2
3 2
A+B= +
1 4
3 2
 
3 + 0 2 + −2
=
1+3 4+2
 
3 0
=
4 6

     
3 −2 4 2 −1 6 0 10 −4
2. Given that P = ,R= and Q = .Find
5 1 4 1 3 4 −2 3 6
(a) P+Q (b) P+R (c) R+Q

SOLUTION
(a) P+Q
   
3 −2 4
0 10 −4
P+Q= +
−2 3 6
5 1 4
 
3 + 0 −2 + 10 4 + −4
=
5 + −2 1 + 3 4+6
 
3 8 0
=
3 4 10

(b) P+R
   
3 −2 4 2 −1 6
P+R= +
5 1 4 1 3 4
 
3+2 −2 + −1 4 + 6
=
5+1 1+3 4+4
 
5 −3 10
=
6 4 8

(c) R+Q
   
2 −1 6 0 10 −4
R+Q= +
1 3 4 −2 3 6
 
2+0 −1 + 10 6 + −4
=
1 + −2 3+3 4+6
 
2 9 2
=
−1 6 10

1.5.2 Subtraction of matrices

• To subtract matrices of the same order, subtract the corresponding elements

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a1 b 1 a2 b2 a1 − a2 b 1 − b 2
• − =
c1 d 1 c2 d 2 c1 − c2 d 1 − d 2

Examples

   
3 2 0 −2
1. Given that A = and B = .Find A−B
1 4 3 2
SOLUTION

   
0 −2
3 2
A−B= −
1 4
3 2
 
3 − 0 2 − −2
=
1−3 4−2
 
3 4
=
−2 2

     
3 −2 4 2 −1 6 0 10 −4
2. Given that P = ,R= and Q =
5 1 4 1 3 4 −2 3 6

(a) P−Q (b) P−R (c) R−Q

SOLUTION
(a) P−Q
   
3 −2 4
0 10 −4
P−Q= −
−2 3 6
5 1 4
 
3 − 0 −2 − 10 4 − −4
=
5 − −2 1 − 3 4−6
 
3 −12 8
=
7 −2 −2

(b) P−R
   
3 −2 4 2 −1 6
P−R= −
5 1 4 1 3 4
 
3−2 −2 − −1 4 − 6
=
5−1 1−3 4−4
 
1 −1 −2
=
4 −2 0

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(c) R−Q
   
2 −1 6
0 10 −4
R−Q= −
−2 3 6
1 3 4
 
2 − 0 −1 − 10 6 − −4
=
1 − −2 3 − 3 4−6
 
2 −11 10
=
3 0 −2

1.6 Scalar Multiplication of matrices

• When a matrix is multiplied by a scalar (real number) ,all the entries are multiplied by the
scalar.
 
a b
• A scalar k multiplied by a matrix A = is treated as follows:
c d

 
a b
kA = k
c d
 
ka kb
=
kc kd

Examples

 
3 2
1. Given that A = .Find 2A
1 4

SOLUTION

 
2×3 2×2
2A =
2×1 2×4
 
6 4
=
2 8

   
3 2 0 −2
2. Given that A = and B = .Find 3A+2B
1 4 3 2

SOLUTION

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3×3 3×2 2 × 0 2 × −2
3A + 2B = +
3×1 3×4 2×3 2×2
   
9 6 0 −4
= +
3 12 6 4
 
9 + 0 6 + −4
=
3 + 6 12 + 4
 
9 2
=
9 16

1.7 Multiplication of matrices

• Two matrices can only be multiplied together if the number of columns in the rst matrix
is equal to the number of rows in the second matrix.
• Matrix multiplication is done by multiplying a row by a column and is treated as follows:
    
a b w x aw + by ax + bz
=
c d y z cw + dy cx + dz

Examples
   
2 3 5 2
1. Given that A = and B = .Find
4 5 3 6
(a) AB (b) BA

SOLUTION

(a) AB (b) BA
  
5 2 2 3
BA =
3 6 4 5
 
5×2+2×4 5×3+2×5
  
2 3 5 2
AB = =
4 5 3 6 3×2+6×4 3×3+6×5
   
2×5+3×3 2×2+3×6 10 + 8 15 + 10
= =
4×5+5×3 4×2+5×6 6 + 24 9 + 30
   
10 + 9 4 + 18 18 25
= =
20 + 15 8 + 30 30 39
 
19 22
=
35 38

NOTE: Matrix product AB6=BAi.e Matrix products are non commutative

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3 3 −5
2. Given that P = and Q = .Find
2 6 8
(a) Determine the order of matrix PQ
(b) PQ
SOLUTION
(a)

Order of P = 2 × 2
Order of Q = 2 × 1
Order of PQ = (2 × 2)(2 × 1)

Obtain the row of the rst matrix P and the column of the second matrix Q

Order of PQ = 2 × 1

(b)
  
3 3 −5
PQ =
2 6 8
 
3 × −5 + 3 × 8
=
2 × −5 + 6 × 8
 
−15 + 24
=
−10 + 48
 
9
=
38


  1 2
2 3 1
3. Given that R = and T =  3 7 .Find RT
5 4 6
5 4
SOLUTION
 
  1 2
2 3 1
RT =  3 7 
5 4 6
5 4
 
2×1+3×3+1×5 2×2+3×7+1×4
=
5×1+4×3+6×5 5×2+4×7+6×4
 
2+9+5 4 + 21 + 4
=
5 + 12 + 30 10 + 28 + 24
 
16 29
=
47 62

 
−3 2
4. Given that B = .Find B 2
4 2

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SOLUTION
  
2 −3 2 −3 2
B =
4 2 4 2
 
−3 × −3 + 2 × 4 −3 × 2 + 2 × 2
=
4 × −3 + 2 × 4 4×2+2×2
 
9 + 8 −6 + 4
=
−12 + 8 8 + 4
 
17 −2
=
−4 12

     
2 0 −1 0 2 1
5. Given that A = ,B= and C = .Find ABC
1 0 0 1 3 0
SOLUTION
  
2 0 −1 0
AB =
1 0 0 1
 
−2 0
=
−1 0
  
−2 0 2 1
ABC =
−1 0 3 0
 
−4 −2
=
−2 −1

NOTE: If A is of order m × n and B is of order p × q then AB is of order m × q

Exercise
     
2 1 1 0 1 −2
1. Given that matrix P = ,Q = and R = .
3 1 0 1 −6 3
Find

(a) P + Q (d) PQ (g) P 2 (j) 3P −2I where I

is a 2 × 2 iden-
(b) Q − R (e) QP (h) R2
tity matrix
(c) 3P − 2Q + R (f) QRP (i) (P + Q)2
   
2 −1 1 2
2. If matrix A = and B = .Find
1 1 1 1
(a) A + B (c) BA (e) 3A −2B
(b) B − A (d) (A + B)2 (f) AB

3. Find the order of the resulting matrix when a 3 × 4 matrix is multiplied by a 4 × 5 matrix
 
1 2  
2 −1 4
4. If matrix P =  3 −1  and Q =
1 3 1
4 5

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(i) Determine the order of matrix PQ

(ii) Find matrix PQ

1.8 Determination of 2 × 2 matrix

 
a b
• If matrix A = then its determinant is
c d

|A| = ad−bc

• Determinant can also be written as detA

• a and d are the major diagonal elements

• b and c are the minor diagonal elements

Examples
 
4 2
1. Find the determinant of the matrix A =
3 3

|A| = (4 × 3) − (2 × 3)
= 12 − 6
=6

 
−3 6
2. Find the determinant of the matrix Q =
−4 2

detQ = (−3 × 2) − (6 × −4)

= −6 − −24
= −6 + 24
= 18

1.8.1 Adjugate(ADjoint) of a 2 × 2 matrix

 
a b
• Given a 2 × 2 matrix A= ,then its adjoint can be found by
c d
 Switching the elements of the leading diagonal(major diagonal)i.e a & d
 Change the signs of the non leading diagonal(minor diagonal).i.e c & b
 
d −b
• Adjoint of matrix A=
−c a

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Examples
 
3 2
• Given that A =
1 4
 
4 −2
Adjoint of A =
−1 3

 
0 −2
• Given that B = .
3 2
 
2 2
Adjoint of B =
−3 0

1.8.2 Inverse of a 2 × 2 matrix

• The inverse of matrix A is written as A−1

• A−1 = det1 A Adjoint A
   
a b d −b
• If A= then, A = |A|
-1 1
c d −c a

Examples
 
3 2
1. Given that A = .Find A−1
1 4
SOLUTION

|A| = (3 × 4) − (2 × 1)
= 12 − 2
= 10
 
4 −2
Adj A =
−1 3
 
1 4 −2
A =
−1
10 −1 3
 4 −2 
= 10 10
−1 3
10 10
 
0.4 −0.2
=
−0.1 0.3

 
1 2
2. Given that P = .Find the inverse of P
1 1
SOLUTION

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det P = (1 × 1) − (2 × 1)
=1−2
= −1
 
1 −2
Adj P =
−1 1
 
1 1 −2
P =
−1
−1 −1 1
 
−1 2
=
1 −1

1.8.3 Singular Matrices

Denition 4. A singular matrix is a matrix which doesnot have an inverse.The determinant of

a singular matrix is zero .

 
4 2
• The matrix P = is singular because its determinant is zero .i.e
2 1

|P | = (4 × 1) − (2 × 2)
|P | = 4 − 4
|P | = 0
Hence matrix P has no inverse

Example
 
4 1
• Find the value of x such that matrix A = is a singular matrix.
x −1
SOLUTION
NOTE:Determinant of a singular matrix is zero
det A = 0
(4 × −1) − (1 × x) = 0
−4 − x = 0
−4 + 4 − x = 0 + 4
−x = 4
x = −4

1.9 Equality of Matrices

• If two matrices are equalthen their corresponding entries are equal

   
a b w x
• If matrix = Then a = w, b = x, c = y, d = z
c d y z

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Example
    
3 b 7a 43
• Find the values of a and b such that =
4 a 2 30
SOLUTION
    
3 b 7a 43
=
4 a 2 30
   
3 × 7a + b × 2 43
=
4 × 7a + a × 2 30
   
21a + 2b 43
=
28a + 2a 30
28a + 2a = 30
30a = 30
a=1
21a + 2b = 43
21 × 1 + 2b = 43 substitute for a
21 + 2b = 43
21 − 21 + 2b = 43 − 21
2b = 22
b = 11

Exercise
 
 
2 0
4 8
1. Given that matrix A = ,B = .Find det (AB)
0 2
2 6
   
1 −2 2 0
2. Given that matrix P = ,Q = and R=P2 Q.Find R−1
−1 3 0 2
3. Find the order of the resulting matrix when a 3 × 4 matrix is multiplied by a 4 × 5 matrix
 
1 2  
2 −1 4
4. If matrix A =  3 −1  and B =
1 3 1
4 5
(a) Determine the order of matrix AB
(b) Find matrix AB
   
2 3 17 13
5. If matrix A = ,nd matrix B such that AB =
1 4 21 14
   
2 3 10 4
6. If matrix B = ,nd matrix A such that AB =
−1 4 −5 9
   
4 3 11
7. If matrix P = ,Q = and PR = Q ,determine :
−2 1 7
(a) the order of matrix R

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(b) matrix R
   
4 3 11
4 If matrix P = ,Q= and PR = Q .Determine
−2 1 7
(a) the order of matrix R
(b) matrix R
 
3 1
8. If matrix P = ,nd matrix A such that AP = I where I is a 2 × 2 identity
−1 3
matrix
   
x −7 17 − y −21
9. If matrix A = ,and B = ,nd the values of x and y such that
4 6y 12 36
3A = B
    
3 b 7a 43
10. Find the values of a and b such that =
4 a 2 30
     
2 4
3 1 8 6
11. Find the values of k andn such that +k =
−3 3
0 n −3 −1
 
4 3
12. Find the values of x andy such that 1 3 2  x 2  = 39 25 .

10 y
    
4 1 x 4
13. Find the values of x andy such that =
x −1 y 8

1.10 Matrix method of solving Simultaneous equations

• Write the equations in matrix form

• Find the inverse of the 2 × 2 matrix
• Pre multiply both sides of the matrix equation by the inverse matrix

Examples

1. Use matrix method to solve the simultaneous equation:

3x + 2y = 12
4x + 5y = 23
SOLUTION
    
3 2 x 12
=
4 5 y 23
 
5 −2
Multiply on both sides by the inverse of the 2 × 2 matrix i.e 1
7
−4 3
      
1 5 −2 3 2 x 1 5 −2 12
=
7 −4 3 4 5 y 7 −4 3 23

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14

Cancel 1
7
on both sides
      
5 −2 3 2 5 −2
x 12
=
−4 3 4 5 −4 3
y 23
    
7 0 x 14
=
0 7 y 21
   
7x 14
=
7y 21

7x = 14 and 7y = 21 therefore

x=2 y =3

2. Use matrix method to solve the simultaneous equation:

2x + 3y = 5
3x − 2y = 1

SOLUTION
    
2 3 x 5
=
3 −2 y 1
 
−2 −3
Multiply on both sides by the inverse of the 2 × 2 matrix i.e −1
13
−3 2
      
−1 −2 −3 2 3 x −1 −2 −3 5
=
13 −3 2 3 −2 y 13 −3 2 1

Cancel −1
13
on both sides
      
−2 −3 2 3 x −2 −3 5
=
−3 2 3 −2 y −3 2 1
    
1 0 x 1
=
0 1 y 1
   
x 1
=
y 1
x=1 y =1

EXERCISE
1. Use the matrix method to solve the simultaneous equations below

(a) −4x + y = −5 (c) −6x + 3y = 33 (e) −7x + 6y = 42 (g) 5a + 2b = −49

2x + y = 7 − 4x + y = 16 3x + 4y = 28 2a + 9b = 5
(b) x + y + 8 = 0 (d) 3x − y = 8 (f) 2y − 5x + 1 = 0 (h) 6x − y = −15
−3x+2y−9 = 0 − 6x + y = 7 x+y+1=0 5x + 4 = −2y

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1.11 Application of Matrices

Examples

1. In the football league, a win (W) earns 3 points, a draw (D) only 1point and a loss (L) 0
point. The results for the football clubs in the English premier league, are given in the table
below.

Club W D L
Liverpool 4 1 1
Chelsea 2 3 1
Arsenal 3 0 3
Man city 2 2 1
Man united 2 1 2

(a) Write down:

(i) a 5 × 3 matrix for the results obtained by the teams.
(ii) a 3 × 1 matrix for the points awarded for a win,draw and a loss
(b) Use matrix multiplication to nd the number of points each team has.
(c) Which team has the lowest number of points scored.
SOLUTION
 
4 1 1
 2 3 1 
 
(a) (i)  3 0 3
 

 
 2 2 1 
2 1 2
 
3
(ii)  1 
0
(b)
   
4 1 1 4×3+1×1+1×0

 2 3 1  3  
  2×3+3×1+1×0 

3 0 3  1 = 3×3+0×1+3×0
    
 
2×3+2×1+1×0
   
 2 2 1  0  
2 1 2 2×3+1×1+2×0
 
13

 9 
= 9 
 
 
 8 
7

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Therefore Liverpool has 13 points,chelsea has 9 points,Arsenal has 9 points ,Man city
has 8 points and Man united has 7 points
(c) Man united
2. Casey, Aquila and Tevin went to a supermarket for shopping .
Casey bought 3 pens and 5 books and 4 rulers
Aquila bought 4 pens and 3 books and 2 rulers
Tevin bought 6 pens and 3 rulers
The cost of a pen is Shs 500, a book is Shs 800 and a ruler is Shs 1500.
(a) Write down:
(i) a 3 × 3 matrix for the items bought by the three boys.
(ii) a 3 × 1 cost matrix for each item
(b) Use matrix multiplication to nd the amount of money spent by each boy
SOLUTION
(a) (i)
P ens Books Rulers
 
3 5 4 Casey
 4 3 2  Aquila
6 0 3 T evin

(ii)
 
500 P en
 800  Book
1500 Ruler

(b)

3 × 500 + 5 × 800 + 4 × 1500

    
3 5 4 500
 4 3 2   800  =  4 × 500 + 3 × 800 + 2 × 1500 
6 0 3 1500 6 × 500 + 0 × 800 + 3 × 1500
 
11500
=  7400 
7500

Casey spent Shs 11500 ,Aquila spent Shs 7400 and Tevin spent Shs 7500

1.12 UNEB QUESTIONS(2020 − 2006)

    
3 x 2 2
1. If = ,nd the values of x and y
5 6 −1 y

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2. Three companies A,B and C bought vehicles for sale as follows:

Company A bought 4 buses,8 taxis and 6 saloon cars
Company B bought 10 buses,2 taxis and 8 saloon cars
Company C bought 5 buses ,3 taxis and 9 saloon cars
Each bus was bought at 200 million shillings,a taxi at 64 million shillings and a saloon
car at 18 million shillings.
The buses are to be sold at 240 million shillings each ,taxis at 72 million shillings each
while each saloon car at 20 million shillings
(a) Write down a;
(i) 3 × 3 matrix for vehicles bought by the three companies
(ii) 3 × 2 matrix for the cost prices and selling prices
(b) Use the matrices you have written in (a) to calculate the total prot for each company
[2019]
    
x 3 2 −1
3. Given that = .
4 y 5 18
   
2 8 6 −4
4. (a) Given the matrices B= and C= .Find the inverse of the
16 −4 −12 8
matrix (B+C)
(b) Mayo sells shirts of sizes Small(S) ,Medium(M) and Extra large(XL).The table below
shows his sales for 3 days

SIZE Day
Mon Tues Wed
S 2 2 1
M 7 4 1
XL 3 5 3

He sells each shirt at Shs40,000 for S ,Shs50,000 for M and Shs60,000 for XL
(i) Write down a
-3 × 3 matrix for the sales
-1 × 3 matrix for the prices of the shirts
(ii) Use the matrices to calculate his total income from the shirts
[2018]
 
4 6
5. Determine the inverse (P-1 ) of P= .
−4 −5
6. (a) Using matrix method ,solve the following simultaneous equations:

3x − 4y − 1 = 0
6x − 6y = 5

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(b) Three girls went shopping and bought loaves of bread ,cakes and packets of biscuits.Ann
bought 2 loaves ,3 cakes and 6 packets of biscuits.Betty bought 3 loaves,4 cakes and 5
packets of biscuits.Caroline bought 3 loaves ,6 cakes and 3 packets of biscuits.
i. Represent this information in matrix form
ii. One loaf costs Shs 3,500,one cake costs Shs 500 and a packet of biscuits costs
Shs 2,000.Using matrix multiplication obtain the money spent by each girl.Hence
,determine the total amount of money spent by the three girls.
[2017]
7. Four schools participated in a football tournament which was played in two runds .The
results were as given below:
1st Round
• Bakulu S.S won one,drew three and lost two matches
• Dodo S.S won two ,drew two and lost two matches
• Kawunga S.S won three,drew two and lost one match
• Oronga S.S won none ,drew two and lost four matches
2nd Round
• Bakulu S.S won one,drew two and lost three matches
• Dodo S.S won two ,drew one and lost three matches
• Kawunga S.S won two,drew three and lost one match
• Oronga S.S won one ,drew four and lost one match
(a) Write down a 4 × 3 matrix which shows the perfomance of the schools in
i. each of the two rounds
ii. both rounds
(b) Three points are awarded for a win ,one point for a draw and no point for a loss
i. Write down a 3 × 1 matrix to represent the a ward of points
ii. Using matrix multiplication,determine which school won the tournament
[2016]
 
5 7
8. Find the the inverse of the matrix A= .
−3 −2
     
1+x x 5
9. (a) Solve the equation 3 − =
y 1 − 2y 9
   
0 1 2 1
(b) Given that M= and N=
3 0 3 2
i. Calculate N 2 and M N .
ii. Find the value of the scalar k if N 2 + KN = M N

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[2015]
 
2 −2
10. Given that A= ,determine A−1 .
−3 4
   
x+7 x x−1 0
11. (a) Matrix A= and B= .If C=A+B,nd the value of x for which
3 0 2 2
the determinant of the matrix C is 2
(b) Solve the following simultaneous equations using the matrix method

3x + 2y = 8
3y + 4x11

[2013]
   
2 3 6 −2
12. If A= and B= ,Calculate 2A − B .
4 2 7 3

1 −1
 
 
3 1 7
13. (a) Given that matrix P= ,Q= 0 3  and R=PQ
−1 3 2
5 2
i. Determine the order of R
ii. Find the matrix R
(b) Solve the simultaneous equations using the matrix method

5x + 3y = 7
2x − 4y = 3

[2012]
 
2 −1
14. Find the inverse of the matrix
3 6
     
1 2 −1 1 4 6
15. (a) Given that matrix P= ,Q= and R= .Find matrix T
4 5 3 2 10 15
such that T = P 2 + 3Q − R
(b) Use the matrix method to solve the simultaneous equations.

y = 2x + 3
2y + x = 11

[2011]
 
5 4
16. Find the inverse of matrix B=
3 2
     
0 4 x −8
17. (a) The matrix is pre multiplied by the column matrix to give .Find
3 −1 y x
the values of x and y

c 2021 KAZIBA Stephen

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20
   
2 3 2 −3
(b) Given that matrix P= and Q= .Find
1 2 −1 2
i. P Q
ii. a 2 × 2 matrix R such that QR=P
[2010]
 
−5 6
18. Given the matrix P= ,nd P 2
−2 2
19. (a) Solve the following simultaneous equations using the matrix method
5x + 2y = 5
3x − 0.2y = 10

     
2 −1 1 5 4 3
(b) Given that P= , Q= and R= .Find
3 −2 2 −3 1 −2
i. QR − P
ii. the determinant of QR − P
[2009]
   
2 3 1 0
20. Given the matrix A= ,nd a matrix B such that A + B =
5 7 0 1
 
4 3
21. (a) Find the values of x and y given that : 1 3 2  x 2 == 39 25

10 y
   
2 −2 2 0
(b) Given that matrix P= ,nd a matrix Q such that PQ= .Hence
−3 4 0 2
nd the inverse of matrix P.
[2008]
 
3 1
22. Given that P = ,nd matrix P −1 such that P P −1 = I where I is the identity
−1 3
matrix of order 2
23. Four students :Kale,Linda ,Musa and Naana went to a stationary shop :
• Kale bought 4 pens,6 counter books and 1 graph book
• Linda bought 10 pens and 5 counter books
• Musa bought 3 pens and 3 graph books
• Naana bought 5 pens ,2 counter books and 8 graph books.
The costs of a pen ,a counter book and a graph book were Shs400,Shs1,200 and Shs 1000
respectively.
(a) i. Write a 4 × 3 matrix for the items bought by the four students
ii. Write a 3 × 1 matrix for the costs of each item

c 2021 KAZIBA Stephen

All Rights Reserved
 21

(b) Use the matrices in (a) to calculate the amount of money spent by each student
(c) If each student was to buy 4 pens ,10 counter books and 6 graph books ,how much
money would be spent by all the four students
[2007]
   
1 2 −1 −2
24. Given A = and B = ,evaluate (A + B)2
3 4 0 1
     
2 4 3 1 8 6
25. If +k = .Find the values of k and n
−3 3 0 n −3 −1
26. Musa is abusinessman who deals in an agricultural produce business.He visited four markets
in a certain week.
In market A he bought 3 bags of beans,5 bags of maize ,10 bags of potatoes and 3 bags of
millet.
In market B,he bought 1 bag of beans ,4 bags of potatoes and 2 bags of millet
In market C he bought 5 bags of beans ,1 bag of maize.
In market D he bought 4 bags of beans ,3 bags of maize ,6 bags of potatoes and 1 bag of
millet.
He bought each bag of beans at Shs45,000 ,a bag of maize at Shs30,000 ,a bag of potatoes
at Shs15,000 and a bag of millet at Shs50,000.He later sold all the produce he had bought
at Shs 50,000 per bag of beans ,Shs35,000 per bag of maize ,Shs18,000 per bag of potatoes
and Shs 55,000 per bag of millet.
(a) Form a 4 × 4 matrix to show the produce Musa bought from the four markets.
(b) i. Form a cost matrix for the price of the produce
ii. By matrix multiplication,nd the amount of money spent on the produce in each
market
iii. Find also the amount of money he got from the sale of the produce
iv. Find musa's prot
[2006]
    
3 b 7a 43
27. Find the value of a and b such that : = .
4 a 2 30
28. A poultry farm has three poultry units ;A,B and C.Unit A produces 30 trays of eggs and 20
broilers every month.Unit B produces 40 trays of eggs and 15 broilers and Unit C ,35 trays
of eggs and 10 broilers during the same period.If a tray of eggs costs Shs3,000 and a broiler
Shs4,000
(a) i. Represent the above information in matrix form of order 3 × 2 for the eggs and
broilers
ii. Form a 2 × 1 cost matrix produced on the farm for the eggs and broilers.
iii. Find the sales of the farm if all eggs and broilers were sold
(b) If the farm charges a 17% VAT ,nd the total income from the sales of the farm every
month.

c 2021 KAZIBA Stephen

All Rights Reserved
22

END

c 2021 KAZIBA Stephen

All Rights Reserved