Name_______________________________ Nickname _________ M.

4/1 Number ________

Part of Speech

1. Noun
This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals,
places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why
they are the first ones taught to students in primary school.
Examples:
 Tom Hanks is very versatile.
 Dogs can be extremely cute.
 It is my birthday.

Types of nouns:

 Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names
of persons, places, or things.
Examples: Volkswagen Beetle, Shakey’s Pizza, Game of Thrones

 Common– common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic
names of persons, things, or places.
Examples: car, pizza parlor, TV series

 Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five
senses.
Examples: folder, sand, board

 Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can’t perceive
through your five senses.
Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery
  Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.
Examples: kitten, video, ball

 Mass– this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-
countable nouns, and they need to have “counters” to quantify them.
Examples of Counters: kilo, cup, meter
Examples of Mass Nouns: rice, flour, garter

 Collective– refers to a group of persons, animals, or things.

Example: faculty (group of teachers), class (group of students), pride (group of
lions)

2. Pronoun
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some
examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
Sample Sentences:

 Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop.
 The largest slice is mine.
 We are number one.

3. Adjective
This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify
the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns. Sample Sentences:
 The carvings are intricate.
 I have two hamsters.
 Wow! That doughnut is huge!

4. Verb
Verbs comprise the third largest group of words in English (about 10%) and appear in
any sentence as a major mandatory element tying the subject and predicate together. Verbs
also indicate time (past, present, future) and are used with many verb tenses. The verb can
be thought of as the center, heart, or anchor of an English sentence.

Verbs of... Examples

Action Maria dances at the studio and performs every Sunday.
Occurrence Maria became a professional dancer.
State of being Maria's studio has stood there ever since she was a child.
 5. Adverb
Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is
that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb. The different types of adverbs
are:

Adverb of Examples
Manner - how? quietly, happily, sadly, quickly, slowly, clockwise, well
Place - where? away, at home, down, everywhere, round, here, there
Time - when? daily, last week, a year ago, tomorrow, on Sunday, immediately
Frequency - how often? always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never
Degree - how much? quite, rather, pretty, very, completely, really, hardly, too, just
Whole sentence - under what fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, obviously, perhaps,
circumstance? surprisingly

6. Preposition
This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in
time.
Examples of Prepositions: above, below, throughout, outside, before, near, with, and since
Sample Sentences:

 Micah is hiding under the bed.

 The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “under the bed,” and
tells where Micah is hiding.
 During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.
 The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “during the game,” and
tells when the audience cheered.

7. Conjunction
The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.

Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so

Sample Sentences:

 This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.

 Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions.
 Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.
The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.
8. Interjection
This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are
commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation
point.

Examples of Interjections:
Sample Sentences:

 Ouch! That must have hurt.

 Hurray, we won!
 Hey! I said enough!
The bold words attached to the main sentences above are some examples of interjections.

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Exercise 1: Match the part of speech to the correct definition.

Part of Speech Definition

1. Pronoun A. Word that names people, place, thing or idea
2. Adverb B. Word that modifies noun or pronoun
3. Adjective C. Word that connects word, phrase or clause
4. Conjunction D. Word that describe a relationship between a noun or a
pronoun and another element in the sentence
5. Preposition E. Word that shows emotion
6. Noun F. Word that modifies verb, adjective and adverb
7. Interjection G. Word that shows an action or a state of being
8. Verb H. Word that takes the place of noun

Exercise 2: Label the part of the speech in bold.

Exercise 3: For the word in bold, choose the correct part of speech from the choice listed in
a or b.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct to fill in the blank from the choice listed in a or b.
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer.
1. "Olivia's place of birth is England, but she lives here now." Which word is a pronoun?
a. Olivia b. she c. here
2. A pronoun can _______ a noun that's already been mentioned or inferred.
a. replace b. join c. shorten
3. "The last train to London has just departed." Which is a preposition?
a. last b. to c. just
4. Prepositions link a _______ to another word or sentence part.
a. verb b. adjective c. noun
5. "Can you remember the first time you kissed someone?" Which is a determiner?
a. can b. the c. someone
6. Determiners always come _____ a noun or noun phrase.
a. before b. after c. before or after
7. "Justin likes rap music much more than dance music or pop." Which is a conjunction?
a. much b. that c. or
8. Conjunctions are used to _______ words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
a. join b. replace c. separate
9. "Ow! That hurts! Stop it!" Which word is an interjection?
a. ow b. hurts c. stop
10. An interjection is a word or phrase we use to _______ a strong feeling or emotion.
a. hide b. cause c. express

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer.

1. Which of the following words is an example of a preposition?
a. into b if c. many d. you
2. Which of the following words is an example of an interjection?
a. soon b. when c. ouch d. within
3. Which of the following words is an example of a conjunction?
a. and b. run c. below d. her
4. Which of the following words is an example of a verb?
a. tastes b. late c. not d. slowly
5. Which of the following words is an example of an adjective?
a. Ralph b. below c. fifteen d. wait
6. The usher CLOSED the door.
a. noun b. pronoun c. verb d. adverb
7. Farmers had VERY poor crops this year.
a. adjective b. pronoun c. verb d. adverb
8. EVERYONE met at the field house.
a. noun b. pronoun c. adjective d. adverb
9. Have you heard the GOOD news?
a. pronoun b. verb c. adverb d. adjective
10. The cat knocked a vase OFF the shelf.
a. pronoun b. verb c. adverb d. preposition

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1. ERRORS IN THE USE OF NOUNS

Wrong Right
The teacher gave us many advices. The teacher gave us some advice.
Her scissor is blunt. Her scissors are blunt.
She is my cousin sister. She is my cousin.
She has bought two dozens apples. She has bought two dozen apples.
I saw many deers in the jungle. I saw many deer in the jungle.
I told these news to my father. I told this news to my father.
I have a five dollars note. I have a five dollar note.
He is working for the blinds. He is working for the blind.
She likes to feed the poors. She likes to feed the poor.

*** Expressions like the poor, the blind, the deaf etc., are always plural.

2. ERRORS IN THE USE OF PRONOUNS

1. Always use the subject form of pronoun after ‘than’ and ‘as’ in comparison.

Wrong Right
She is not as good singer as he. She is not as good singer as him.

2. Always use the subject form of pronoun after the verbs am, is, are, was, and were.

Wrong Right
It was him who stood first. It was he who stood first.

3. When but is used as a preposition it means except. The preposition but should be
followed by a pronoun in the objective case.

Wrong Right
None but I turned up. None but me turned up.
They are all wrong but I. They are all wrong but me.

4. One when used in a sentence should be used throughout. Note that in American
English, the pronouns he, him and his can be used later in a sentence to refer back
to one. This is not possible in British English.

Wrong Right
One should keep he promises. One should keep his promises.
'Is he coming'? 'Yes, I think.' 'Is he coming?' 'Yes, I think so.'

5. To talk about having a good time, we normally say enjoy myself /yourself / himself
etc.

Wrong Right
I enjoyed when I went to Venice. I enjoyed myself when I went to Venice.
 6. One subject or object in a relative clause is enough. For example, in the clause 'the
boy he will get the prize' there are two subjects – the boy and he. One of these
should be removed.

Wrong Right
The boy who does best he will get the prize. The boy who does best will get the prize.
The man who stole the bicycle he has been The man who stole the bicycle has been arrested.
arrested.

3. ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVES

1. Use of double comparative and superlative.

Wrong Right
He is more stronger than me. He is stronger than me.

2. Use of superlative while making comparisons between two things.

Wrong Right
This chair is the best of the two. This chair is the better of the two.

3. Others

Wrong Right
Chennai is further from Delhi than Gurgaon. Chennai is farther from Delhi than Gurgaon.
You have much dresses. You have many dresses.
Tell me the last news. Tell me the latest news.

4. ERRORS IN THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS

1. Use ‘of’ (not ‘over’) after ‘command’.

Wrong Right
You must have excellent command over You must have excellent command of
spoken and written English. spoken and written English.

2. Use ‘on’ (not ‘for’) after ‘congratulate’ and ‘insist’.

Wrong Right
I congratulate you for your victory. I congratulate you on your victory.

3. Whenever an infinitive is used, a helping verb is required.

Wrong Right
I would like visit Washington D.C. I would like to visit Washington D.C

4. Others

Wrong Right
Send this letter on my new address. Send this letter to my new address.
He goes in the school. He goes to the school.
He goes on his work. He goes to his work