ASTM - D522 - 1993 Reapproved 2008 - Standard Test Methods For Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
ASTM - D522 - 1993 Reapproved 2008 - Standard Test Methods For Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
1. Scope determined. In Test Method A the coated panels are bent over
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the a conical mandrel. In Test Method B the coated panels are bent
resistance to cracking (flexibility) of attached organic coatings over cylindrical mandrels of various diameters.
on substrates of sheet metal or rubber-type materials. 4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4.1 Coatings attached to substrates are elongated when the
only. substrates are bent during the manufacture of articles or when
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the the articles are abused in service. These test methods have been
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the useful in rating attached coatings for their ability to resist
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- cracking when elongated. They have been useful in evaluating
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- the flexibility of coatings on flexible substrates.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Test Specimen
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 Substrates:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 5.1.1 If the purpose of the test is to determine the percent of
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness elongation of the coating material, the substrate shall be
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels cold-rolled steel strip 0.8 mm (1⁄32 in.) (22 gage) thick.
D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick- 5.1.2 If the purpose of the test is to rate the coated material
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers for resistance to cracking, the substrate may be any type of
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of sheet metal or rubber-type material (for example, steel, alumi-
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to num, tinplate, or synthetic rubber). The thickness of the sheet
a Ferrous Base3 metal may be less than 0.8 mm (1⁄32 in.) and the thickness of the
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of rubber-type materials may be as great as 13 mm (1⁄2 in.).
Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to 5.1.3 The recommended panel size is 100 mm (4 in.) in
a Nonferrous Metal Base3 width and 150 mm (6 in.) in length. The maximum size that the
conical mandrel can accommodate is 115 mm (41⁄2 in.) wide
3. Summary of Test Method and 190 mm (71⁄2 in.) long.
3.1 The coating materials under test are applied at uniform 5.1.4 The surface preparation of the substrate shall be
thickness to panels of sheet metal or rubber-type materials. agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. Prior to the
After drying or curing the coated panels are bent over a application of the coating, round slightly the edges of metal
mandrel and the resistance to cracking of the coating is panels to remove burrs in order to eliminate anomalous edge
effects.
1
NOTE 1—If elongations are to be determined for coatings applied to
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
substrates other than 0.8 mm (1⁄32 in.) thick cold-rolled steel, they must be
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
measured with a special mandrel jig as described in Appendix X1.2.
Films. 5.2 Coated Panels:
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 522 – 93a (2001).
5.2.1 Apply uniform coatings of the materials under test to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or the substrates in accordance with Practices D 823 and air dry or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM bake under conditions mutually agreeable to the purchaser and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the seller. If percent elongation is to be measured, a minimum
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. thickness of 1.0 mil is required on 0.8 mm (1⁄32 in.) thick
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 17 07:20:33 EDT 2009
Downloaded/printed by
Laurentian University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
D 522 – 93a (2008)
cold-rolled steel. Perform a minimum of three determinations 8.2 Move the lever through about 180° at uniform velocity
of coating thickness on each of the specimens in accordance to bend the specimen approximately 135°. If the purpose of the
with Test Methods D 1005, D 1186, or D 1400. test is to measure elongation, the bend should be 15 s. To
5.2.2 From precoated sheets cut at least three specimens of determine crack resistance under more simulated use condi-
the size given in 5.1.3. Use only plane (flat) sheets and round tions, the bend time should be about 1 s unless an alternative
the edges of the panels slightly as in 5.1.4. The coating surface time is agreed upon between the producer and the user.
shall be free of oil and other foreign matter that might increase 8.3 Examine the bent surface of the specimen immediately
the flexibility of the coating or interfere with the observation with the unaided eye for cracking. Having determined and
for cracking. Measure the film thickness as in 5.2.1. suitably marked the end of the crack farthest from the small
end of the mandrel, which shall be considered as the end point,
6. Conditioning and Number of Tests bring the drawbar to the starting position and remove the panel
6.1 Condition the test specimens for at least 24 h at 23 from the mandrel. Measure the distance from the farthest end
6 2°C ( 73.5 6 3.5°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, and test of the crack to the small end of the mandrel. This distance is
in the same environment or immediately on removal therefrom used to compute the elongation. The mandrel diameter at
unless otherwise specified by the purchaser and seller. which cracking ceased is taken as the resistance to cracking
6.2 Test at least three replicate specimens in Test Method A value.
and at least two replicate specimens in Test Method B at each NOTE 2—In some cases, the measured distance is used as a measure of
mandrel diameter of interest. crack resistance.
2
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 17 07:20:33 EDT 2009
Downloaded/printed by
Laurentian University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
D 522 – 93a (2008)
3
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 17 07:20:33 EDT 2009
Downloaded/printed by
Laurentian University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
D 522 – 93a (2008)
TABLE 1 Elongation E = total elongation, %,
Mandrel Diameter, in. (mm) Elongation,% e1 = elongation from Table 1, %,
1 (25) 3.3 t = thickness, mils, and
⁄ (19)
34 4.4 c1 = correction factor from Table 2.
1⁄2 (12.7) 6.75
3⁄8 (9.5) 9.0
1⁄4 (6.4) 14.0 15. Report
1⁄8 (3.2) 28.0
15.1 Report the following information:
15.1.1 Mean and range of coating elongation or resistance to
TABLE 2 Correction for Film Thickness cracking values for each specimen,
15.1.2 Mean and range of coating thickness for each speci-
Mandrel Diameter, in. (mm) Correction Factor
men,
1 (25) 0.21
3⁄4 (19) 0.26
15.1.3 Specimen preparation procedures used,
1⁄2 (12.7) 0.38 15.1.4 Test conditions, and
3⁄8 (9.5) 0.50 15.1.5 Mean and range of elongation, resistance to cracking,
1⁄4 (6.4) 0.71
1⁄8 (3.2) 1.40
and film thickness for the replicate specimens.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 In the mandrel test, the specimens are elongated X1.2 The elongation values corresponding to mandrel
considerably past their elastic limit. Therefore, the elongations diameters in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 of these test methods were
obtained are considerably higher than elongation values calcu- obtained by direct measurements with a special mandrel jig.
lated from a theoretical equation that is based on the assump-
tion that the elastic limits of the specimens are not exceeded.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).
4
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 17 07:20:33 EDT 2009
Downloaded/printed by
Laurentian University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.