Computer Components

COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
COMPUTER COMPONENTS OVERVIEW
 Central processing unit

 Input and output devices
 Memory
 Control Hardware
 RAM (SRAM and DRAM)
 ROM
 Motherboard
CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU)
 The hardware that executes
programs and manages rest of the
computer system
 Often known as ‘brains’ of the
computer where most calculations
take place.
 First developed at Intel with in the
early 1970's
 This is intel 4004:
CPU
STRUCTURE
TYPES OF PROCESSORS
 Single core processors:

 One core on a CPU chip
 No so good at multi-tasking
 Multi core processors:

 More than one cores on a CPU chip
 Each core executes a task independently
 More efficient on multi-tasking
 Multi core processors are widely used now-a-day
TYPES OF PROCESSER ARCHITECTURE:
 Reduced instruction set computer(RISC):

 Uses simple instructions that can be divide into multiple instructions
which perform low-level operation within single clock cycle
 Complex instruction set computers(CISC):
 Single instructions can execute several low-level operations or are
capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single
instructions
RISC VS CISC
TECHNOLOGIES IN CPU
 Hyper threading technology:

 A processor with HTT consists of two logical processors(not actual)
 Not the same as doubling core
 Enables multiple threads to run on each core
 Increases power consumption, heat output
 Turbo-boosting technology:
 Enables the processor to run above its rated operating frequency
 Considers workload and operating environment.
 Continuous turbo boost can decrease processor life
CACHE “CASH”
 Cache is a hardware or
software component that
stores data so that future
requests for that data can be
served faster; the data stored
in a cache might be the result
of an earlier computation or a
copy of data stored elsewhere.
TYPES OF MEMORY
 Volatile memory is computer storage that only maintains its data

while the device is powered.
 Example Random Access Memory ( RAM )
 Non-Volatile Memory is A device which can hold data in it even if it is

not connected to any power source.
 Example Hard drives and Flash drives
PRIMARY MEMORY
 Primary memory is
computer memory that is
accessed directly by the
CPU. This includes several
types of memory, such as
the processor cache and
system ROM. However, in
most cases, primary
memory refers to system
RAM.
SECONDARY
MEMORY
 Secondary storage
(also known as
external memory or
auxiliary storage),
differs from primary
storage in that it is not
directly accessible by
the CPU.
RAM (RANDOM
ACCESS MEMORY)
 RAM (Random Access

Memory) is the hardware in
a computing device where
the operating system (OS),
application programs and data
in current use are kept so
they can be quickly reached
by the device's processor.
MODES
OF INTEGRATED-
CIRCUIT RAM
 SRAM (static RAM) is

random access memory (RAM)
that retains data bits in its
memory as long a power is
being supplied.
 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is a

type of memory that is typically
used for data or program code
that a computer processor
needs to function.
READ-ONLY
MEMORY (ROM)
 ROM is a type of storage

medium that permanently stores
data on personal computers
(PCs) and other electronic
devices.
 Because ROM is read-only, it
cannot be changed; it is
permanent and non-volatile,
meaning it also holds its memory
even when power is removed.
MOTHERBOARD
 Motherboard is a main (PCB)

printed circuit board. Where are
all the components or devices
are connected directly and
indirectly.
TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD BASED ON FORM
FACTOR
 AT
 AT motherboard is a motherboard which has dimensions of the order of some
hundred millimeters, big enough to be unable to fit in mini desktop.
 ATX
 Advanced Technology eXtended, or popularly known as the ATX, are the
motherboard which were produced by the intel in mid 90`s as an improvement
from the previously working motherboard such as at
TYPES MOTHERBOARD BASED ON USE
 Desktop Motherboard
 Laptop Motherboard
 Server Motherboard
DESKTOP
MOTHERBOARD
LAPTOP
MOTHERBOARD
SERVER
MOTHERBOARD
CPU SOCKET
 A CPU socket or slot is an electrical component that attaches

to a printed circuit board (PCB) and is designed to house a
CPU (also called a microprocessor).
MEMORY SLOTS
 There are 4 types of memory that currently popular used in
the PC
1. Rambus RAM - Used in Pentium 4 motherboard and has 2
Notches
2. Double Data Rate RAM -128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB.
3. Synchronous Dynamic RAM - lowest performance and
lowest price.
4. DDR SDRAM - Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic
Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as
DDR SDRAM, is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous
dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM)
class of memory integrated circuits used in computers.
EXPANSION SLOTS
 Expansion slot or Expansion bus is the slot that enable the user to add
the adapter card for additional function to the system
 Different types of Expansion Slot:
1. PCI – Network card, SCSI, Sound card,Video card
2. PCI Express – Video card
3. AGP – Video card
4. ISA – Network card, Sound card,Video card
5. AMR – Modem, Sound card
6. CNR – Modem, Network card, Sound card
7. EISA – SCSI, Network card,Video card
8. VESA – Video card
BACK PANEL PORTS
SYSTEM DEVICES
• Ethernet port - used to connect to a network.
Known as RJ45, it is larger than a modem port.
• Audio ports - used to input and output audio

from the computer. Three mini jack ports but
there may be more:
• Light blue - Line in - connect external devices

• Lime - Connect the speakers to this port.
• Pink - Connect a microphone to this port.
MEMORY UNITS
 Memory units are used to measure and represent data. Some of the commonly used memory units
are:
1) Bit: The computer memory units start from bit. A bit is the smallest memory unit to measure data
stored in main memory and storage devices. A bit can have only one binary value out of 0 and 1.
2) Byte: It is the fundamental unit to measure data. It contains 8 bits or is equal to 8 bits. Thus a byte can
represent 2*8 or 256 values.
3) Kilobyte: A kilobyte contains 1024 bytes.
4) Megabyte: A megabyte contains 1024 kilobytes.
5) Gigabyte: A gigabyte contains 1024 megabyte.
6) Terabyte: A terabyte contains 1024 gigabytes.

Computer Components

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Components

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

COMPUTER

 Central processing unit

 Single core processors:

 Multi core processors:

 Reduced instruction set computer(RISC):

 Hyper threading technology:

 Volatile memory is computer storage that only maintains its data

 Non-Volatile Memory is A device which can hold data in it even if it is

 RAM (Random Access

 SRAM (static RAM) is

 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is a

 ROM is a type of storage

 Motherboard is a main (PCB)

 A CPU socket or slot is an electrical component that attaches

• Audio ports - used to input and output audio

• Light blue - Line in - connect external devices

You might also like