PAST TENSE

VERBS IN
ARABIC
 PAST TENSE VERBS IN ARABIC

When a word in Arabic shows an ACTION that was

done in the Past then we call that verb (FIL) a Past
Tense FIL. In Arabic it is called ‫فعل املاض‬

In Arabic the FIL has an inside

pronoun which is called the
Inside doer which makes the
single word FIL to be a
sentence.

He helped ‫صَر‬
َ َ‫ن‬

Action
Inside Doer

FIL (ACTION) + FAAIL (DOER) + TIME (PAST) = JF

In the Past Tense FIL the ending part of the

FIL keeps changing and this change helps us to
know the Inside Doer. It is very important that
we know these endings.
 INSIDE & OUTISDE FAAIL DOER

The Fils in Arabic are not only action verbs but

they have an INSIDE DOER which we call FAAIL so as we
discussed below the FIL in Arabic is a whole sentence
which we call JUMLA FILYA

TWO TYPES OF FAAIL

INSIDE FAAIL OUTSIDE FAAIL

ْ ‫َفاِعل ُم‬
‫ست َِتٌر‬ ‫فَاِعل ظَاِهر‬

Only possible for HUA or

Independent pronoun
Always Rafa as it is
HIYA version of FIL
Doer Always after the FIL
Present in all Fils Always in Rafa status as
it is doer
Outside FAAIL need not
match the FIL in
َ ‫َن‬
‫صَر‬ number

Inside Doer HUA

‫صَر اْلَوَلُد‬ َ ‫َن‬
‫طالِبَاِن‬َّ ‫سِمَع ال‬ َ
ُ ْ ‫ت اْلِبن‬
‫ت‬ ْ َ‫َكت َب‬
FAAIL MUNFASIL

When an Outisde FAAIL or Naibul FAAIL

comes further away from the FIL with a
word or group of words in between then the
gender between the FIL and FAAIL or Naibul
FAAIL may not match. Such an Outside
FAAIL or Naibul FAAIL is called FAAIL or
Naibul FAAIL MUNFASIL

ِ ‫خٌة َوا‬
‫﴾ سورة‬١٣﴿ ٌ‫حَدة‬ ُّ ‫خ ِفي ال‬
َ ‫صوِر َنْف‬ َ ‫َفِإَذا نُِف‬

FIL HUA FORM

Naibul FAAIL MUNFASIL
PASSIVE
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

HUA َ‫َفت َح‬

‫َعَّلَم‬ ending
‫َجاَهَد‬ ‫ب‬ َ
َ ‫ضَر‬
‫سَلَم‬
ْ َ‫أ‬ َ ‫َن‬
‫صَر‬
‫تَفََّرَق‬
The basic scale of a FIL is a َ‫سِمع‬
َ
word ending with a FATHA on
‫َتَعاَوَن‬ the last letter
‫ب‬ ِ ‫َح‬
َ ‫س‬
َ ‫ِانَْقَل‬
‫ب‬
‫َكُرَم‬
َ ‫ِاْقت ََر‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفََر‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

fatha on the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah with no
other addition after it, the Inside Doer
is HUA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلَم‬
HUA َ‫ُفِتح‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهَد‬ َ ‫ضِر‬
‫ب‬ ُ
‫سلَِم‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صَر‬
‫تَُفُِّرَق‬
The basic scale of a FIL is a َ‫سِمع‬
ُ
word ending with a FATHA on
‫ُتُعْوِوَن‬ the last letter
‫ب‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
َ ‫س‬
َ ِ‫ا ُنُْقل‬
‫ب‬
‫ُكِرَم‬
No
Passives
َ ‫ا ُْقت ُِر‬
‫ب‬ ‫ست ُْغِفَر‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a

fatha on the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah with no
other addition after it, the Inside Doer
is HUA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the

U-I combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫طيئ ًَة أ َْو إِْث ـًما ُث ـَّم َي ـْرم ِ ِبـ ِه َب ـِري ـئ ًا َف ـَقِد ا ْ ـ‬
‫ح ت ََمَل ُبْهـ ت َاًن ـا َو إِْث ـًما‬ ِ ‫خـ‬
َ ‫ب‬ ‫َوَمـ ن َيْك ِ ـ‬
ْ ‫س‬
﴾١١٢﴿ ‫ُّمِبين ًا‬

‫ِاْحت ََمَل‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Fatha ending so Past
Tense
Step 3 Is it Transitive or Intransitive ? This FIL
means to carry to bring someone or something
which makes sense so it is Transitive
Step 4 Is it Active or Passive ? As the combination
for past passive fils is U-I so this is ACTIVE FIL
STEP 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Due to the Fatha
ending the Inside Doer is HUA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6
or the BIG 8 ? As it has more than 3 letters in its
past tense HUA version so it is from the Big 8
families
Step 7 From which of the Big 8 families does it
belong to ? It has the Family Marker of starting with
a Hamzatul Wasl followed by a Saakin ‫ ف‬Kalima
and an extra Taa ‫ ت‬letter so therefore it is from the
Family F8
‫ِاْحت ََمَل َيْحت َِمُل ِاْحِتَماًال‬
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ب َعـ َلى اَّل ـِذي ـَن ِمـ ن َق ـبْلُِكْم‬

َ ‫صَياُم َكـ َما ُكـ ِت‬ َ ‫َي ـا أ َُّي ـَها اَّل ـِذي ـَن آَم ـ ن ُوا ُكـ ِت‬
ِّ ‫ب َعـ َلْيُكُم ال ـ‬
‫﴾ سورة البقرة‬١٨٣﴿ ‫َلَعَّلُكْم َتت َُّقوَن‬

َ ‫ُكِت‬
‫ب‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Fatha ending so Past
Tense
Step 3 Is it Transitive or Intransitive ? It is
transitive as he wrote something makes sense
Step 4 Is it active or passive ? As it is past tense so
passive combination for past tense is U-I so this is
passive past tense FIL
Step 5 What is the Inside doer ? As the ending is
with a Fatha then the inside doer is HUA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6
or the BIG 8 ? As it has only 3 letters in its past
tense HUA version so it is from the F1 Small 6
families
Step 7 From which of the Small 6 families does it
belong to ? If we see the ‫ ع‬Kalimah on the past
tense FIL having fatha and the ‫ ع‬kalima on the
present tense Fil having dammah
‫ب ِكت َاَبًة‬
ُ ُ ‫ب َيْكت‬
َ َ ‫َكت‬
This shows that it is from F1 Baab Nasara Yansuru
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

HUMAA
‫َعَّلَما‬ Masculine
‫فَت ََحا‬
‫َجاَهَدا‬ ending َ
‫ضَرَبا‬
‫سَلَما‬
ْ َ‫أ‬ َ ‫َن‬
‫صَرا‬
‫تَفََّرَقا‬
The scale of a FIL ending ‫سِمَعا‬
َ
with fatha on the Laam
‫َتَعاَوَنا‬ Kalima and an ALIF as the
last letter ِ ‫َح‬
‫سبَا‬
‫ِانَْقَلبَا‬
‫َكُرَما‬
‫ِاْقت ََرَبا‬ ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفََرا‬

When a past tense FIL ends with an

Alif as the last letter after the Laam ‫ل‬
Kalimah with a fatha on it and no other
addition after it, the Inside Doer is
HUMAA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

HUMAA
‫ُعِّلَما‬ Masculine ‫ُفِتَحا‬
‫ُجْوِهَدا‬ ending ‫ضِرَبا‬
ُ
‫سلَِما‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صَرا‬
‫تُفُِّرَقا‬
The scale of a FIL ending
‫سِمَعا‬
ُ
with fatha on the Laam
Kalima and an ALIF as the
‫ُتُعْوِوَنا‬
last letter
ِ ‫ُح‬
‫سبَا‬
‫ِانَْقَلبَا‬
No ‫َكُرَما‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرَبا‬ ‫ست ُْغِفَرا‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with an Alif as

the last letter after the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah
with a fatha on it and with no other
addition after it, the Inside Doer is HUMAA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ش َر َـك ـ اَء ِفـ ـ يَما آتَـ ـا ُـ‬

‫ فَـ ـت ََعاَلـ ـى الـ ـَّلـُه َـع ـ َّما‬ ۚ‫ه ـ َما‬ ‫ص الِـ ـًحا َـ‬
‫جـ َعَال َلـ ـُه ُـ ـ‬ ‫فَـ ـَلَّما آتَـ ـا ُـ‬
‫ه ـ َما َـ ـ‬
﴾١٩٠﴿ ‫شِرُكوَن‬ ْ ‫ُي‬

‫َجَعَال‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Alif after Laam kalima
with fatha ending so Past Tense
Step 3 Is it Transitive or Intransitive ? It is transitive
as to make something makes sense
Step 4 Is it active or passive ? As it is past tense so
passive combination for past tense is U-I so this is
Active past tense FIL
Step 5 What is the Inside doer ? As the ending is an Alif
after the Laam kalima with a harakah then the inside
doer is HUMA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? As after removing the sign of past tense it
has only 3 letters in its past tense HUA version so it is
from the F1 Small 6 families
Step 7 From which of the Small 6 families does it
belong to ? If we see the harakahs on the ‫ ع‬Kalima of
the past tense FIL having Fatha and the ‫ ع‬kalima in the
present tense having present tense,
‫َجَعَل َيْجَعُل َجْعًال‬
It shows that this is from F1 Baab Fataha Yaftahu
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

HUM ‫َفت َُحْوا‬

‫َعَّلُمْوا‬ ending
‫َجاَهُدْوا‬ َ
‫ضَرُبْوا‬
‫سَلُمْوا‬
ْ َ‫أ‬ َ ‫َن‬
‫صُرْوا‬
‫تَفََّرُقْوا‬
The scale of a FIL ending with ‫سِمُعْوا‬
َ
dammah on the Laam kalima and
‫َتَعاَوُنْوا‬ the letter wow saakin followed by
the Alif of separation
ِ ‫َح‬
‫سبُْوا‬
‫ِانَْقَلبُْوا‬
‫َكُرُمْوا‬
‫ِاْقت ََرُبْوا‬ ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفَُرْوا‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

dammah on the Laam kalima and the
letter wow saakin followed by the Alif
of separation, then the Inside Doer is
HUM

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلُمْوا‬
HUM ‫ُفِتُحْوا‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهُدْوا‬ ‫ضِرُبْوا‬
ُ
‫سلُِمْوا‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صُرْوا‬
‫تُفُِّرُقْوا‬
The scale of a FIL ending with ‫سِمُعْوا‬
ُ
dammah on the Laam kalima
‫ُتُعْوِوُنْوا‬ and the letter wow saakin
followed by the Alif of
separation ِ ‫ُح‬
‫سبُْوا‬
‫ا ُنُْقلِبُْوا‬
No ‫ُكِرُمْوا‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرُبْوا‬ ‫ست ُْغِفُرْوا‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Dammah

on the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah followed by a

)
saakin wow and Alif of separation , then
the Inside Doer is HUM

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ت َفَقاَل َلُهُم‬ ِ ‫ف َحَذر اْمل َْو‬ ٌ ‫خَرُجوا ِمن ِدَياِرِهْم َوُهْم أ ُُلو‬ َ ‫أ ََلْم َتَر إَِلى اَّلِذيَن‬
َ
‫س َوَٰلِكَّن أ َْكث ََر‬ ِ ‫ضٍل َعَلى الن َّا‬ ََّ ‫ إَِّن ا‬ ۚ‫هلل ُموتُوا ثَُّم أ َْحَياُهْم‬
ْ َ‫هلل َلذُو ف‬ َُّ ‫ا‬
‫﴾ سورة البقرة‬٢٤٣﴿ ‫شُكُروَن‬ ْ ‫س َال َي‬ ِ ‫الن َّا‬

َ
‫خَرُجْوا‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the dammah
on the Laam kalima, wow saakin followed by Alif of
separation shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to go
out to walk out and to go out someone or something
doesn’t make sense so it is Intransitive
Step 4 As it is Intransitive so it can only be ACTIVE
Past tense
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is HUM
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the small 6 families
does it belong to ?
If we see the ‫ ع‬kalima of the past tense having
fatha and ‫ ع‬kalima in the present tense having dammah

ُ ‫خُرُج‬
‫خُرْوًجا‬ ْ ‫خَرَج َي‬
َ

So it is from the F1 Baab Nasara Yansuru ‫صُر‬

ُ ْ ‫صَر َين‬
َ ‫َن‬
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

ِ ُ ‫ أ َْين ََما ُثِقُفوا أ‬ ۖ‫ني‬

﴾٦١﴿ ‫خُذوا َوُقت ُِّلوا َتْقِتيًال‬ َ ‫َّمْلُعوِن‬

‫ُقت ُِّلْوا‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is this ? Due to the dammah on
the Laam Kalima followed by Wow saakin and Alif Of
separation it is a Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it Transitive or Intransitive ? As it means to
kill or massacre someone it is Transitive and so can
have both Active and Passive Forms of FIL
Step 4 Is it Active or Passive FIL ? As it has the U-I
sound it is a Passive Past Tense FIL
Step 5 What is the Inside Dier ? Depending on the
ending of the above Past tense passive FIL it is HUM
Step 6 Which group of families does it belong to ? If
we leave out the past tense ending we are left with 4
letters which shows us that it is from the Big 8 families
Step 7 From which of the Big 8 families is this word
from? Because of the shaddah on the ‫ ع‬kalima shows
that this is from F2 Allama Yuallimu

‫ُقت َِّل ُيَقت ُِّل َتْقِتْيًال‬

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

HIYA ْ ‫َفت ََح‬

‫ت‬
ْ ‫َعَّلَم‬
‫ت‬ ending
‫ت‬ْ ‫َجاَهَد‬ ‫ت‬ َ
ْ ‫ضَرَب‬
ْ ‫سَلَم‬
‫ت‬ ْ َ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ َ ‫َن‬
ْ ‫صَر‬
ْ ‫تَفََّرَق‬
‫ت‬
The scale of a FIL ending with ْ ‫سِمَع‬
‫ت‬ َ
fatha on the Laam kalima and the
ْ ‫َتَعاَوَن‬
‫ت‬ saakin Taa letter

‫ت‬ ِ ‫َح‬
ْ َ‫سب‬
ْ َ‫ِانَْقَلب‬
‫ت‬
ْ ‫َكُرَم‬
‫ت‬
ْ ‫ِاْقت ََرَب‬
‫ت‬ ْ ‫ِا‬
ْ ‫ست َْغفََر‬
‫ت‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

fatha on the Laam kalima and the
saakin Taa letter then the Inside Doer
is HIYA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ْ ‫ُعِّلَم‬
‫ت‬
HIYA ْ ‫ُفِتَح‬
‫ت‬
ending
ْ ‫ُجْوِهَد‬
‫ت‬ ْ ‫ضِرَب‬
‫ت‬ ُ
ْ ‫سلَِم‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
ْ ‫صَر‬
ْ ‫تُفُِّرَق‬
‫ت‬
The scale of a FIL ending with ْ ‫سِمَع‬
‫ت‬ ُ
Fatha on the Laam Kalimah
ْ ‫ُتُعْوِوَن‬
‫ت‬ followed by a saakin Taa letter
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
ْ َ‫سب‬
ْ َ‫ا ُنُْقلِب‬
‫ت‬
No ْ ‫ُكِرَم‬
‫ت‬
Passives
ْ ‫ا ُْقت ُِرَب‬
‫ت‬ ْ ‫ست ُْغِفَر‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with Fatha on

the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah followed by the
saakin Taa letter, the Inside Doer is HIYA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫﴾ سورة الزلزلة‬٢﴿ ‫ض أ َْثَقاَلَها‬ ِ ‫خَرَج‬

ُ ‫ت اْأل َْر‬ ْ َ ‫َوأ‬

The original word was ‫ت‬ ْ َ ‫ أ‬but due to ta

ْ ‫خَرَج‬ ِ ‫خَرَج‬
‫ت‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
saakin on it and the next letter also
having sukoon made it impossible to read
the two words together. Due to ِ‫ساِكن َْني‬
َّ ‫ الِتَقاء الس‬,
we put a Kasrah on the Saakin Taa to
make way for a smooth reading

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Fatha on
the Laam kalima followed by Saakin Taa letter shows it
is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to move
out or take out someone or something. This makes
sense so it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is HIYA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 4 letters so this word is from
the Big 8 families
Step 7 which of the families from the big 8 families
does it belong to ?
Due to the Family Marker of Hamza tul Qata in the
beginning with a saakin ‫ ف‬kalima this FIL belongs to F4
family
ْ ِ‫خِرُج إ‬
‫خَراًجا‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
ْ ‫خَرَج ُي‬
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

ْ ‫ب ُقِتَل‬
‫﴾ سورة التكوير‬٩﴿ ‫ت‬ ٍ ‫ِبأ َِّي َذن‬

ْ ‫ُقِتَل‬
‫ت‬

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Fatha on
the Laam kalima followed by Saakin Taa letter shows it
is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to kill
someone or something. This makes sense so it is
Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Passive Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is HIYA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the familiesfrom the big 8 families does
it belong to ?
As it is from the Small 6 families, looking in the
dictionary it is,

‫َقت ََل َيْقت ُُل َقت ًْال‬

As there is a fatha on the ‫ ع‬kalima in past tense and
dammah on ‫ ع‬kalima in the present tense so therefore it
is F1 Baab Nasara Yansuru
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫َعَّلَمت َا‬
HUMAA ‫فَت ََحت َا‬
Feminine
‫َجاَهَدَتا‬ ending
‫ضَرَبت َا‬
َ
‫سَلَمت َا‬
ْ َ‫أ‬ ‫صَرَتا‬
َ ‫َن‬
‫تَفََّرَقت َا‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a
‫سِمَعت َا‬
َ
Fatha on the Laam Kalima
‫َتَعاَوَنت َا‬ followed by the Taa letter with a
Fatha and Alif of Duality ِ ‫َح‬
‫سبَت َا‬

‫ِاْنَقَلبَت َا‬
‫َكُرَمت َا‬
‫ِاْقت ََرَبت َا‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفََرتَا‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

Fatha on the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah followed
by a Taa with Fatha and the Alif of
Duality, then the Inside Doer is HUMAA
(feminine)

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلَمت َا‬
HUMAA ‫ُفِتَحت َا‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهَدَتا‬ ‫ضِرَبت َا‬
ُ
‫سلَِمت َا‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صَرَتا‬
‫تُفُِّرَقت َا‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a ‫سِمَعت َا‬
ُ
Fatha on the Laam Kalima
‫ُتُعْوِوَنت َا‬ followed by the Taa letter with a
Fatha and Alif of Duality ِ ‫ُح‬
‫سبَت َا‬
‫ا ُنُْقلِبَت َا‬
No ‫ُكِرَمت َا‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرَبت َا‬ ‫ست ُْغِفَرتَا‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Fatha

on the Laam ‫ل‬ Kalimah followed by a Taa
with Fatha and the Alif of Duality, then the
Inside Doer is HUMAA (feminine)

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

﴾٢٣﴿ ‫خ َكِبيٌر‬ َ ‫ۖ َوأ َُبوَنا‬ ‫صِدَر الِّرَعاُء‬

ٌ ‫شْي‬ ٰ َّ ‫سِقي َحت‬
ْ ‫ى ُي‬ ْ ‫َقاَلت َا َال َن‬

‫َقاَلت َا‬

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Fatha on
the Laam kalima followed by Taa letter and Alif of
duality shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to say
something so as this makes sense it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is HUMA Feminine
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Small 6 families
does it belong to ?
It is a wierd word which has a Fatha on the ‫ع‬
kalima of the past tense and dammah on the ‫ ع‬kalima
of the present tense

‫َقاَل َيُقْوُل َقْوًال‬

This verb is from the F1 Baab Nasara Yansuru

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫َعَّلْمَن‬
HUNNA ‫فَت َْحَن‬
ending
‫َجاَهْدَن‬ َ
‫ضَرْبَن‬

‫تَفََّرْقَن‬
‫سَلْمَن‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 َ ‫َن‬
‫صْرَن‬

The scale of a FIL ending with a

‫سِمْعَن‬
َ
Sukoon on the Laam kalima and
‫َتَعاَوَّن‬ the addition of Noon of Niswa
with a Fatha ‫نب‬ ِ ‫َح‬
َ ْ‫س‬

َ ْ ‫ِاْنَقَل‬
‫نب‬
‫َكُرْمَن‬
‫ِاْقت ََرْبَن‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفَْرَن‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

Sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of Noon of Niswa with a Fatha
then the Inside Doer is HUNNA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلْمَن‬
HUNNA ‫ُفِتْحَن‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهْدَن‬ ‫ضِرْبَن‬
ُ
‫سلِْمَن‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صْرَن‬
‫تُفُِّرْقَن‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a ‫سِمْعَن‬
ُ
Sukoon on the Laam kalima and
‫ُتُعْوِوَّن‬ the addition of Noon of Niswa
with a Fatha
‫نب‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
َ ْ‫س‬
َ ْ ِ‫ا ُنُْقل‬
‫نب‬
No ‫ُكِرْمَن‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْبَن‬ ‫ست ُْغِفْرَن‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the addition of
Noon of Niswa with a Fatha then the Inside
Doer is HUNNA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

ٍ ‫سِهَّن ِـم ن َّـم ْعرو‬

َُّ ‫ َوا‬ ۗ‫ف‬
‫هلل‬ ِ ُ‫ج ن َاَح َـع َلْيُكْم ِـف ي َـم ا فَـَعْلَن ِـف ي أ َنـف‬
‫ج َن فَـَال ُـ‬ ‫فَـِإْن َـ‬
‫خ َر ْـ‬
ُ
‫﴾ سورة البقرة‬٢٤٠﴿ ‫َعِزيٌز َحِكيٌم‬

‫فََعْلَن‬

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima and the addition of Noon of Niswa
with a Fatha shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to do
something so as this makes sense it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is HUNNA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Small 6 families
does it belong to ?
It has fatha on the ‫ ع‬kalima of the past tense FIL
and fatha on the ‫ ع‬kalima of present tense

‫فََعَل َيفَْعُل ِفْعًال‬

So it is from the F1 Baab Fataha Yaftahu
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

َ ‫َعَّلْم‬
‫ت‬
ANTA َ ‫فَت َْح‬
‫ت‬
ending
‫ت‬َ ‫َجاَهْد‬ ‫ت‬ َ
َ ‫ضَرْب‬
َ ‫سَلْم‬
‫ت‬

َ ‫تَفََّرْق‬
‫ت‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 ‫ت‬ َ ‫َن‬
َ ‫صْر‬

َ ‫سِمْع‬
‫ت‬ َ
The scale of a FIL ending
with a Sukoon on the Laam
َ ‫َتَعاَوْن‬
‫ت‬ kalima and the addition of
letter Taa with a Fatha ‫ت‬ ِ ‫َح‬
َ ْ‫سب‬

َ ْ‫ِاْنَقَلب‬
‫ت‬
َ ‫َكُرْم‬
‫ت‬
َ ْ‫ِاْقت ََرب‬
‫ت‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
َ ‫ست َْغفَْر‬
‫ت‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

Sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Taa with a Fatha then
the Inside Doer is ANTA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

َ ‫ُعِّلْم‬
‫ت‬
ANTA َ ‫ُفِتْح‬
‫ت‬
ending
‫ت‬َ ‫ُجْوِهْد‬ َ ‫ضِرْب‬
‫ت‬ ُ
َ ‫سلِْم‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
َ ‫صْر‬
َ ‫تُفُِّرْق‬
‫ت‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a َ ‫سِمْع‬
‫ت‬ ُ
Sukoon on the Laam kalima and
َ ‫ُتُعْوِوْن‬
‫ت‬ the addition of letter Taa with a
fatha
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
َ ْ‫سب‬
َ ْ‫ا ُنُْقلِب‬
‫ت‬
No َ ‫ُكِرْم‬
‫ت‬
Passives
َ ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْب‬
‫ت‬ َ ‫ست ُْغِفْر‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the addition of
Letter Taa with a Fatha then the Inside
Doer is ANTA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

ۚ ‫س اَلـت َُه‬ َ ‫ َو إِن َّلـْم تَـفَْعْل فَـَما َبـَّلْغ‬ ۖ‫سوُل َبـِّلْغ َـم ا أ ُنـِزَل إَِلـْيَك ِـم ن َّرِّبـَك‬
‫ت ِر َـ‬ ‫َيـا أ َُّيـَها الـَّر ُـ‬
‫﴾ سـ ـورة‬٦٧﴿ ‫هلل َال َي ْـه ـ ِدي اْلـ ـَقْوَم اْلـ ـَكاِفـ ـ ِريـ ـَن‬ ََّ ‫ إَِّن ا‬ ۗ‫س‬ ِ ‫صُمَك ِـم ـ َن الـ ـن َّا‬ ِ ‫هلل َيـ ـْع‬
َُّ ‫َوا‬
‫املآئدة‬

َ ‫َبَّلْغ‬
‫ت‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima and the addition of letter Taa with a
Fatha shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to reach
something, so as this makes sense it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANTA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 4 letters so this word is from
the Big 8 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Big 8 families
does it belong to ?
The family marker of Shaddah on the ‫ ع‬Kalima shows
that it is from the F2 family

‫َبَّلغَ ُيبَِّلغُ َتبْلِْيًغا‬

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫َعَّلْمت َُما‬
ANTUMAA ‫فَت َْحت َُما‬
ending
‫َجاَهْدُتَما‬ ‫ضَرْبت َُما‬
َ
‫سَلْمت َُما‬

‫تَفََّرْقت َُما‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 ‫صْرُتَما‬
َ ‫َن‬

‫سِمْعت َُما‬
َ
The scale of a FIL ending with
a sukoon on the Laam kalima
‫َتَعاَوْنت َُما‬ and the addition of letter Taa
with a dammah followed by the ِ ‫َح‬
‫سبْت َُما‬
Alif of duality

‫ِاْنَقَلبْت َُما‬
‫َكُرْمت َُما‬
‫ِاْقت ََرْبت َُما‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفَْرتَُما‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Taa with a Dammah,
letter meem with a dammah and the
Alif of Duality then the Inside Doer is
ANTUMAA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلْمت َُما‬
ANTUMAA ‫ُفِتْحت َُما‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهْدُتَما‬ ‫ضِرْبت َُما‬
ُ
‫سلِْمت َُما‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صْرُتَما‬
‫تُفُِّرْقت َُما‬
The scale of a FIL ending with ‫سِمْعت َُما‬
ُ
a sukoon on the Laam kalima
‫ُتُعْوِوْنت َُما‬ and the addition of letter Taa
with a dammah followed by
the Alif of duality
ِ ‫ُح‬
‫سبْت َُما‬
‫ا ُنُْقلِبْت َُما‬
No ‫ُكِرْمت َُما‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْبت َُما‬ ‫ست ُْغِفْرتَُما‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the addition of
letter Taa with a Dammah, letter meem with
a dammah and the Alif of Duality then the
Inside Doer is ANTUMAA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ث ِـ‬
َ‫ش ئ ْت َُما َوال‬ ‫ج َك اْل ـَجن ََّة َوُكـ َال ِمـ ن َْها َرَغ ـًدا َ ـ‬
ُ ‫ح ْي‬ ‫َوُق ـْلن َا َي ـا آَدُم ا ْ ـ‬
َ ‫س ُكْن أ َن ـ‬
‫ت َوَزْو ُ ـ‬
﴾٣٥﴿ ‫ني‬ َ ‫ظاِِمل‬
َّ ‫شَجَرةَ َفت َُكوَنا ِمَن ال‬ َّ ‫هِذِه ال‬
َ ٰ ‫َتْقَرَبا‬

ِ
‫شئ ْت َُما‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima and the addition of letter Taa with a
Dammah followed by the Alif of duality shows it is Past
Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to want
something, so as this makes sense it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANTUMAA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Big 8 families
does it belong to ?
The ‫ ع‬kalima in the past tense FIL has a fatha and
the ‫ ع‬kalima in the present tense FIL has a fatha too

ِ ‫شاُء َم‬
‫شْيئ ًَة‬ َ ‫شآَء َي‬
َ

As this is a wierd word it is enough to say it is from

the F1 Baab Fataha Yaftahu
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ANTUM
‫َعَّلْمت ُْم‬ ending ‫فَت َْحت ُْم‬
‫َجاَهْدُتْم‬ ‫ضَرْبت ُْم‬
َ
‫سَلْمت ُْم‬

‫تَفََّرْقت ُْم‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 ‫صْرُتْم‬
َ ‫َن‬

‫سِمْعت ُْم‬
َ
The scale of a FIL ending with
a sukoon on the Laam kalima
‫َتَعاَوْنت ُْم‬ and the addition of letter Taa
with a dammah followed by the ِ ‫َح‬
‫سبْت ُْم‬
saakin Meem

‫ِاْنَقَلبْت ُْم‬
‫َكُرْمت ُْم‬
‫ِاْقت ََرْبت ُْم‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفَْرتُْم‬
When a past tense FIL ends with a
sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Taa with a Dammah
and the Saakin Meem, then the Inside
Doer is ANTUM

Used for both masculine and feminine

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلْمت ُْم‬
ANTUM ‫ُفِتْحت ُْم‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهْدُتْم‬ ‫ضِرْبت ُْم‬
ُ
‫سلِْمت ُْم‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صْرُتْم‬
‫تُفُِّرْقت ُْم‬
The scale of a FIL ending with ‫سِمْعت ُْم‬
ُ
a sukoon on the Laam kalima
‫ُتُعْوِوْنت ُْم‬ and the addition of letter Taa
with a dammah followed by
the saakin Meem
ِ ‫ُح‬
‫سبْت ُْم‬
‫ا ُنُْقلِبْت ُْم‬
No ‫ُكِرْمت ُْم‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْبت ُْم‬ ‫ست ُْغِفْرتُْم‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima, with the addition of
letter Taa with a Dammah and the saakin
Meem, then the Inside Doer is ANTUM

Used for both masculine and feminine

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ضوا اْأل َْيـَماَن َبـْعَد َتـْو ِـكيِد َـها َوَقـْد َـ‬

ََّ ‫جَعْلت ُُم ا‬
‫هلل‬ َِّ ‫َوأ َْوُفـوا ِبَع ْـهِد ا‬
ُ ‫هلل إَِذا َـعا َـهدُّتـْم َوَال َتـنُق‬
‫﴾ سورة النحل‬٩١﴿ ‫هلل َيْعَلُم َما تَفَْعُلوَن‬ ََّ ‫ إَِّن ا‬ ۚ‫َعَلْيُكْم َكِفيًال‬
The original word was ‫َجَعْلت ُْم‬ but due to the
sukoon on the Meem and also the Laam Saakin
in the Lafzul Jalaalah made it impossible to ‫َجَعْلت ُُم‬
read the two words together. Due to ِ‫ساِكن َْني‬
َّ ‫ الِتَقاء الس‬,
we put a dammah on the Saakin Meem to make
way for a smooth reading

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima followed by the letter Taa with a
Dammah and the Saakin Meem shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to make
something, so as this makes sense it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANTUM
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from the
Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Big 8 families
does it belong to ?
It is
‫َجَعَل َيْجَعُل َجْعًال‬
As this word has fatha on both the ‫ ع‬kalimas of the past
and present tense Fils it is from the Baab Fatah Yaftahu
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ح ِّمَل َوَعـ َلْيُكم َّم ـ ا‬‫ َف ـِإن َت ـَوَّل ـْوا َف ـِإَّن ـَما َعـ َلْيِه َم ـ ا ُ ـ‬ ۖ‫س وَل‬
‫هلل َوأ َِطـ يُعوا ال ـَّر ُ ـ‬
ََّ ‫ُق ـْل أ َِطـ يُعوا ا‬
‫﴾ س ـورة‬٥٤﴿ ‫ني‬ ُ ‫س وِل إَِّال اْلـبََالغُ اْمل ُ ـِب‬ ‫ َوَمـ ا َعـ َلى ال ـَّر ُ ـ‬ ۚ‫طيُعوُه تَْهـ ت َُدوا‬ ِ ‫ َو إِن تُ ـ‬ ۖ‫ح ِّمْلت ُْم‬
‫ُـ‬
‫النور‬

‫ُحِّمْلت ُْم‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the sukoon on
the Laam kalima followed by Taa letter with a dammah
and a saakin Meem letter, it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to carry
or bear someone or something. This makes sense so it is
Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Passive Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANTUM
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 4 letters so this word is from
the Big 8 families
Step 7 which of the families from the big 8 families does
it belong to ?
As there is a shaddah on the ‫ ع‬Kalima, so therefore

‫َحَّمَل ُيَحِّمُل َتْحِمْيًال‬

This is the Big 8 family of F2 Allama yuallimu

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ِ ‫َعَّلْم‬ ANTI ِ ‫فَت َْح‬

‫ت‬
‫ت‬ ending
ِ ‫َجاَهْد‬ ‫ت‬ِ ‫ضَرْب‬
َ
‫ت‬
ِ ‫سَلْم‬
‫ت‬

ِ ‫تَفََّرْق‬
‫ت‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 ِ ‫صر‬
‫ت‬ ْ َ ‫َن‬

ِ ‫سِمْع‬
‫ت‬ َ
The scale of a FIL ending
with a Sukoon on the Laam
ِ ‫َتَعاَوْن‬
‫ت‬ kalima and the addition of
letter Taa with a Kasrah ‫ت‬ ِ ‫َح‬
ِ ْ‫سب‬

ِ ْ‫ِاْنَقَلب‬
‫ت‬
ِ ‫َكُرْم‬
‫ت‬
ِ ْ‫ِاْقت ََرب‬
‫ت‬
ِ ‫ست َْغفَر‬
‫ت‬ ْ ‫ِا‬
ْ
When a past tense FIL ends with a
Sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Taa with a Kasrah
then the Inside Doer is ANTI

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ِ ‫ُعِّلْم‬ ANTI ِ ‫ُفِتْح‬

‫ت‬
‫ت‬ ending
ِ ‫ُجْوِهْد‬ ِ ‫ضِرْب‬
‫ت‬ ُ
‫ت‬
ِ ‫سلِْم‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫صر‬ِ ‫ُن‬
‫ت‬ ْ
ِ ‫تُفُِّرْق‬
‫ت‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a
ِ ‫سِمْع‬
‫ت‬ ُ
Sukoon on the Laam kalima and
ِ ‫ُتُعْوِوْن‬
‫ت‬ the addition of letter Taa with a
Kasrah
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
ِ ْ‫سب‬
ِ ْ‫ا ُنُْقلِب‬
‫ت‬
No
ِ ‫ُكِرْم‬
‫ت‬
Passives ِ ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْب‬
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ست ُْغِفر‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫ا‬
ْ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the addition of
Letter Taa with a Kasrah then the Inside
Doer is ANTI

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫﴾ س ـورة‬٢٧﴿ ‫ش ْيئ ًا فَ ـِرًّي ـا‬

‫ت َـ‬ ‫ت ِبـ ِه َق ـْوَمـ َها َت ْ ـ‬
ِ ‫ َق ـاُل ـوا َي ـا َمـ ْرَي ـُم َل ـَقْد‬ ۖ‫ح ِمُلُه‬
ِ ْ ‫جـ ئ‬ ْ ‫فَ ـأ ََت ـ‬
‫مريم‬

ِ ْ ‫جئ‬
‫ت‬ ِ

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima and the addition of letter Taa with a
Kasrah shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to
commit something, so as this makes sense it is
Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANTI
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small six families
Step 7 which of the families from the Small 6 families
does it belong to ?
There is a fatha on the ‫ ع‬kalima of the past tense
FIL and a Kasrah on the ‫ ع‬kalima of the present tense
so,
‫َجاَء َيج ِيُء َمج ِيٌء‬

It is from the F1 Baab Daraba yadribu

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ANTUNNA
َّ ُّ ‫َعَّلْم‬
"

‫نت‬ ending
‫َجاَهْدُتَّن‬ َ ُّ ‫فَت َْح‬
‫نت‬
‫نت‬ َ
َ ُّ ‫ضَرْب‬
.

َّّ ‫سَلْم‬
‫نت‬

َ ُّ ‫تَفََّرْق‬
‫نت‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
/ ‫صْرُتَّن‬
َ ‫َن‬

َ ُّ ‫سِمْع‬
‫نت‬ َ
The scale of a FIL ending with
a sukoon on the Laam kalima
َ ُّ ‫َتَعاَوْن‬
‫نت‬ and the addition of letter Taa
with a dammah followed by a ‫نت‬ ِ ‫َح‬
َ ُّ ْ‫سب‬
noon shaddah the noon of Niswa

َ ُّ ْ‫ِاْنَقَلب‬
‫نت‬
َ ُّ ‫َكُرْم‬
‫نت‬
َ ُّ ْ‫ِاْقت ََرب‬
‫نت‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفَْرتَُّن‬
When a past tense FIL ends with a
sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Taa with a dammah
followed by noon shaddah the Noon of
Niswa, then the Inside Doer is ANTUNNA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ANTUNNA َّ ُّ ‫ُفِتْح‬
‫نت‬
•

َّ ُّ ‫ُعِّلْم‬
ad

‫نت‬ ending
َّ ُّ ‫ضِرْب‬
ُ
¥

‫ُجْوِهْدُتَّن‬ ‫نت‬
َّ ُّ ‫سلِْم‬
‫نت‬ ْ ُ‫أ‬
I

ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صْرُتَّن‬
َّ ُّ ‫تُفُِّرْق‬
‫نت‬
'
g

َّ ُّ ‫سِمْع‬
‫نت‬
Er

The scale of a FIL ending with ُ

a sukoon on the Laam kalima
َّ ُّ ‫ُتُعْوِوْن‬
‫نت‬
↳8

and the addition of letter Taa

with a dammah followed by a
noon shaddah the noon of Niswa ‫نت‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
َّ ُّ ْ‫سب‬
&

َّ ُّ ْ‫ا ُنُْقلِب‬
‫نت‬
•

َّ ُّ ‫ُكِرْم‬
go

No ‫نت‬
Passives
َّ ُّ ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْب‬
‫نت‬ ‫ست ُْغِفْرتَُّن‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima, with the addition of
letter Taa with a Dammah followed by noon
shaddah noon of Niswa, then the Inside Doer
is ANTUNNA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN
I

‫ضْعَن ِبـ ـ اْلـ ـَقْوِل‬ َ ُّ ‫ إِِن اتَّـ ـَقْي‬ ۚ‫ساِء‬

ْ ‫نت فَـ ـَال تَـ ـ‬
َ ‫خ‬ َ ِّ ‫حـ ٍد ِّمـ ـ َن الـ ـن‬
‫نت َـك ـ أ َ َـ‬ َ ‫َيـ ـا ِنـ ـ‬
ِّ ‫ساَء الـ ـن َِّب‬
‫ي َل ْـ ـ‬
p off

َ ُّ ‫س‬
;

‫﴾ سورة األحزاب‬٣٢﴿ ‫ض َوُقْلَن َقْوًال َّمْعُروًفا‬ ٌ ‫طَمَع اَّلِذي ِفي َقْلِبِه َمَر‬ ْ ‫َفَي‬
"

َ ُّ ْ‫اتََّقي‬
wear
‫نت‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima followed by the letter Taa with a
Dammah and the noon shaddah the Noon of Niswa,
shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to be on
guard something, so as this does not make sense so it is
Intransitive
Step 4 As it is Intransitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE Past tense Form. SO here it is Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANTUNNA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with more than 3 letters so this word
is from the Big 8 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Big 8 families does
it belong to ?
It is

‫اتََّقى َيت َِّقي اتَِّقاًء‬

It is from the F8 family Iqtaraba Yaqtaribu due to the

family marker of Hamzah tul Wasl and sukoon on Faa
Kalima followed by Taa letter
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ُ ‫َعَّلْم‬
‫ت‬
ANA ُ ‫فَت َْح‬
‫ت‬
ending
‫ت‬ُ ‫َجاَهْد‬ ‫ت‬ َ
ُ ‫ضَرْب‬
ُ ‫سَلْم‬
‫ت‬

ُ ‫تَفََّرْق‬
‫ت‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 ‫ت‬ َ ‫َن‬
ُ ‫صْر‬

ُ ‫سِمْع‬
‫ت‬ َ
The scale of a FIL ending
with a Sukoon on the Laam
ُ ‫َتَعاَوْن‬
‫ت‬ kalima and the addition of
letter Taa with a Dammah ‫ت‬ ِ ‫َح‬
ُ ْ‫سب‬

ُ ْ‫ِاْنَقَلب‬
‫ت‬
ُ ‫َكُرْم‬
‫ت‬
ُ ْ‫ِاْقت ََرب‬
‫ت‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
ُ ‫ست َْغفَْر‬
‫ت‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

Sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Taa with a Dammah
then the Inside Doer is ANA

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

ُ ‫ُعِّلْم‬
‫ت‬
ANA ُ ‫ُفِتْح‬
‫ت‬
ending
‫ت‬ُ ‫ُجْوِهْد‬ ُ ‫ضِرْب‬
‫ت‬ ُ
ُ ‫سلِْم‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
ُ ‫صْر‬
ُ ‫تُفُِّرْق‬
‫ت‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a ُ ‫سِمْع‬
‫ت‬ ُ
Sukoon on the Laam kalima and
ُ ‫ُتُعْوِوْن‬
‫ت‬ the addition of letter Taa with a
Dammah
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ُح‬
ُ ْ‫سب‬
ُ ْ‫ا ُنُْقلِب‬
‫ت‬
No ُ ‫ُكِرْم‬
‫ت‬
Passives
ُ ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْب‬
‫ت‬ ُ ‫ست ُْغِفْر‬
‫ت‬ ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the addition of
Letter Taa with a Dammah then the Inside
Doer is ANA

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

‫ت ِـم َن اْلـِكبَِر ِـع ِتًّيا‬

ُ ‫ت ا ْـم َرأ َ ِـت ي َـع ا ِـق ًرا َوَقـْد َبـَلْغ‬
ِ ‫ى َيـُكوُن لِـي ُغـَالٌم َو َـك انَـ‬ ِّ ‫َقـاَل َر‬
ٰ ‫ب أ َنَّـ‬
‫﴾ سورة مريم‬٨﴿

ُ ‫َبَلْغ‬
‫ت‬

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL

Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon
on the Laam kalima and the addition of letter Taa
with a Dammah shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to
reach something, so as this makes sense it is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is ANA
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Small 6 families
does it belong to ?
If we see the dictionary, we can see the ‫ ع‬kalima
having a fatha in the past tense FIL and a dammah on
the ‫ ع‬kalima of the present tense FIL

‫َبَلغَ َيبُْلغُ ُبُلْوًغا‬

It is from the F1 Baab Nasara Yansuru
 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫َعَّلْمن َا‬
NAHNU ‫فَت َْحن َا‬
ending
‫َجاَهْدَنا‬ ‫ضَرْبن َا‬
َ

‫تَفََّرْقن َا‬
‫سَلْمن َا‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
1 ‫صْرَنا‬
َ ‫َن‬

‫سِمْعن َا‬
َ
The scale of a FIL ending
with a Sukoon on the Laam
‫َتَعاَوَّنا‬ kalima and the addition of
letter Noon with a fatha and an ِ ‫َح‬
‫سبْن َا‬
Alif

‫ِاْنَقَلبْن َا‬
‫َكُرْمن َا‬
‫ِاْقت ََرْبن َا‬
ْ ‫ِا‬
‫ست َْغفَْرنَا‬

When a past tense FIL ends with a

Sukoon on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the
addition of letter Noon with a Fatha
and an Alif at the end, then the Inside
Doer is NAHNU

All these fils are ACTIVE FILS

 PAST TENSE FIL ENDINGS

‫ُعِّلْمن َا‬
NAHNU ‫ُفِتْحن َا‬
ending
‫ُجْوِهْدَنا‬ ‫ضِرْبن َا‬
ُ
‫سلِْمن َا‬
ْ ُ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ُن‬
‫صْرَنا‬
‫تُفُِّرْقن َا‬
The scale of a FIL ending with a ‫سِمْعن َا‬
ُ
Sukoon on the Laam kalima and
‫ُتُعْوِوَّنا‬ the addition of letter Noon with
a fatha and an Alif at the end ِ ‫ُح‬
‫سبْن َا‬
‫ا ُنُْقلِبْن َا‬
No ‫ُكِرْمن َا‬
Passives ‫ا ُْقت ُِرْبن َا‬ ‫ست ُْغِفْرنَا‬
ْ ُ‫ا‬ No
Passives

When a past tense FIL ends with a Sukoon

on the Laam ‫ ل‬kalima and the addition of
Letter Noon with a fatha and an Alif at the
end, then the Inside Doer is NAHNU

All these fils are PASSIVE FILS due to the U-I

combination
 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

َ ‫حـ َر فَـ ـأ َنـ ـَجْين َا ُـك ـ ْم َوأ َْغـ ـَرْقـ ـن َا آَل ِفـ ـ ْر َـع ـ ْوَن َوأ َنـ ـت ُْم تَـ ـنظُُرو‬
‫ن‬ ‫َو إِذْ فَـ ـَرْقـ ـن َا ِبـ ـ ُكُم اْلبَ ْـ‬
‫﴾ سورة البقرة‬٥٠﴿

‫َوأ َْغَرْقن َا‬

Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the Sukoon on
the Laam kalima and the addition of letter Noon with a
Fatha and an Alif at the end, shows it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to
drown someone or something, so as this makes sense it
is Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Active Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is NAHNU
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 4 letters so this word is from
the Big 8 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Big 8 families
does it belong to ?
If we look at the family marker of Hamza tul
Qata in the beginning followed by a Saakin Faa letter
then,

‫أ َْغَرَق ُيْغِرُق إِْغَراًقا‬

So it is from F4 Aslama Yuslimu

 EXAMPLES FROM QURAN

ْ‫ ُقـل َّلـْو ُكـ نت ُْم ِفـ ي ُب ـُيوِتـ ُكم‬ ۗ‫يٌء َّمـ ا ُقـِتْلن َا َهـ اُهـ ن َا‬
ْ ‫ش‬ ‫َي ـُقوُلـوَن َلـْو َكـ اَن َلـن َا ِمـ َن اْأل َْمـ ِر َ ـ‬
‫ص ُدوِرُكـ ْم‬ ‫هلل َمـ ا ِفـ ي ُ ـ‬
َُّ ‫ي ا‬َ ِ‫ َولِ ـَيبْت َل‬ ۖ‫ج ِعِهْم‬
‫ضا ِ ـ‬َ ‫ى َمـ‬ ٰ ‫ب َعـ َلْيِهُم اْلـَقت ُْل إَِلـ‬َ ‫َلـبََرَز اَّلـِذي ـَن ُكـ ِت‬
‫﴾ سورة آل عمران‬١٥٤﴿ ‫صُدوِر‬ ُّ ‫ت ال‬ ِ ‫هلل َعلِيٌم ِبَذا‬َُّ ‫ َوا‬ ۗ‫ص َما ِفي ُقُلوِبُكْم‬ َ ‫َولُِيَمِّح‬

‫ُقِتْلن َا‬
Step 1 What type of word is it ? FIL
Step 2 What type of FIL is it ? Because of the sukoon on
the Laam kalima followed by the letter Noon and an
Alif at the end, it is Past Tense FIL
Step 3 Is it transitive or intransitive ? It means to kill
someone or something. This makes sense so it is
Transitive
Step 4 As it is Transitive so it can only have both
ACTIVE as well as PASSIVE Past tense Forms. Here it is
Passive Form
Step 5 What is the Inside Doer ? Because of the ending
the inside doer is NAHNU
Step 6 Which group of family is it from the SMALL 6 or
the BIG 8 ? If we remove the signs of past tense
ending we are left with 3 letters so this word is from
the Small 6 families
Step 7 which of the families from the Small 6 families
does it belong to ?
If we look in the dictionary we see that there is a
fatha on the ‫ ع‬kalima of the past tense and the
dammah on the ‫ ع‬kalima of the present tense fil

‫َقت ََل َيْقت ُُل َقت ًْال‬

It is from the F1 Baab Nasara Yansuru
 PART OF FIL OR ATTACHED PRONOUN

Sometimes a Past Tense FIL comes by

itself and at other times it comes attached
with an attached pronoun. It gets confusing
when deciding whether the last part of the
word is part of the FIL or an attached
pronoun

There are steps to

help us solve this
problem.

Step 1 When we see a Past Tense FIL we look at

the ending
Step 2 If the ending matches then it is just a FIL
and we translate accordingly
If the ending doesn’t match then break the
word
Step 3 The first part of the word try to match the
endings with the Past Tense Chart. If it matches
translate it accordingly
The second part must be from the attached
pronoun chart. If it is translate it separately
Step 4 Merge the translation of both the parts
together
PAST TENSE CHART ENDINGS

Inside FAAIL ‫فعل‬

HUA ending َ َ‫ن‬

‫صَر‬

HUMA ending َ ‫َن‬

‫صَرا‬

HUM ending
َ ‫َن‬
‫صُرْوا‬

HIYA ending ‫ت‬ َ ‫َن‬

ْ ‫صَر‬

HUMA ending ‫صَرَتا‬

َ ‫َن‬
HUNNA ending
َ َ‫ن‬
‫صْرَن‬

ANTA ending ‫ت‬ َ ‫َن‬

َ ‫صْر‬
ANTUMAA ending ‫صْرُتَما‬
َ ‫َن‬

ANTUM ending ‫صْرُتْم‬

َ ‫َن‬

ِ ‫صر‬
ANTI ending ‫ت‬ ْ َ ‫َن‬

ANTUMAA ending ‫صْرُتَما‬

َ ‫َن‬

ANTUNNA ending ‫صْرُتَّن‬

َ ‫َن‬

ANAA ending
‫ت‬ َ َ‫ن‬
ُ ‫صْر‬
NAHNU ending
‫صْرنَا‬
َ َ‫ن‬
ATTACHED PRONOUN CHART

HIM ‫ُه‬
THEM BOTH (m) ‫ُهَما‬
THEM ALL ‫ُهْم‬
HER
‫َها‬
THEM BOTH (f) ‫ُهَما‬
THEM ALL ‫ُهَّن‬
YOU ‫َك‬
YOU BOTH (m) ‫ُكَما‬
YOU ALL ‫ُكْم‬
YOU ‫ِك‬
YOU BOTH (f) ‫ُكَما‬
YOU ALL ‫ُكَّن‬
ME ْ‫ِني‬
US
‫َنا‬
 ‫َقت َْلت ُُموُهْم‬

Step 1 When we see a Past Tense FIL we look at the

ending

‫َقت َْلت ُُموُهْم‬

Step 2 If the ending matches then it is just a FIL and

we translate accordingly
If the ending doesn’t match then break the word

The ending does not

match so we break the ‫ ُهْم‬+ ‫َقت َْلت ُُمو‬
word

Step 3 The first part of the word try to match the

endings with the Past Tense Chart. If it matches
translate it accordingly
The second part must be from the attached
pronoun chart. If it is translate it separately

When we see the ending we see that it does ‫َقت َْلت ُُمو‬
not match the reason being that originally it was
‫ َقت َْلت ُْم‬but then recitation would have been awkward
with ‫ َقت َْلت ُْمُهْم‬So the Arabs added a wow after the
FIL
‫َقت َْلت ُْم‬

The second part is from

the attached pronoun chart
‫ُهْم‬
Step 4 Merge the translation of both the parts
together

‫ُهْم‬ + ‫َقت َْلت ُُمو‬ = ‫َقت َْلت ُُموُهْم‬

Them You all killed

You all killed them

 ‫نََّزْلن َا‬
Step 1 When we see a Past Tense FIL we look at
the ending

The ending of this word

matches the Nahnu form of the
Past Tense FIL

The sukoon on the letter before ‫َنا‬

also shows that this is a past tense
ending not an attached pronoun

Step 2 Translate according to ending

WE SENT DOWN