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Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Education As A Social Institution
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Education As A Social Institution
GOVERNMENT PROPERT
NOT FOR SALE
Philippine Politics and Governance -12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 8: Educationas a Social Institution
First Edition, 2020
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box
in the body of the module:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
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You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts with their corresponding icons:
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At the end of this module you will also find:
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What I Need to Know
This module was specifically developed and designed to provide you fun and
meaningful learning experience, with your own time and pace.
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Lesson
Education as a Social
1 Institution
In the previous modules, you have learned about function and importance of
education in the society. This module will discuss the concept, characteristics and forms
of stratification systems using sociological perspectives. Stratification derives from the
geological concept of strata - rock layers created by natural processes. And class is large
set of people regarded by themselves or others as sharing similar status with regard to
wealth, power and prestige. Through with this, how does social stratification affects
individual in the society? Let us take a look at the sociological perspective of the
stratification system.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
Write your answers on the space provided.
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b. They can also socialize with and marry members of other classes
c. People cannot change their social standing.
d. People have legal rights and duties, privileges and obligations.
Answer:__________________________
8. Who said the social stratification is horizontal division of society into ‘higher’
and ‘lower’ social units?
a. Raymond W. Murray
b. Kurt B. Mayer
c. Lundberg
d. Gilbert
Answer:__________________________
10. The Caste System of stratification is mostly prominent in India and the Hindu
religion. With this, which of the following belong to Brahmins?
a. Teachers
b. Soldier
c. Traders
d. Servants
Answer:__________________________
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What’s In
What programs in the Department of Education address the literacy problem of the Out of
School Youth in our country?
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What’s New
LAPU- LAPU
LAPU
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Look at the picture. What can you see on it? What does the picture tell us and how will
affect the education in the society? Explain your answer.
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What is It
Most people equate education with schools, but there is a huge difference
between these two.
Education
Definition: a system consisting of the roles and norms that ensure the transmission
of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from one generation to the next. •
Schooling is formal education, which involves instruction by specially trained teachers
who follow officially recognized policies.
A Change in Education • In some preindustrial societies, education is largely
informal and occurs mainly within the family.
The basic purpose of education is the transmission of knowledge. While before
education was a family responsibility, along with the community and the church,
industrial changed it dramatically. • Schools become necessary when cultural
complexity created a need for specialized knowledge and skill which could not be
easily acquired in the family, church or community. • the complexity of modern life
has not diminished the teaching function of the family, but it has added the need for
many types of instruction which require specialized educational agencies like school,
college or university.
Are schools to prepare students for college, for vocation, or to achieve high
scores on standardized tests? • Some say schools come down to either preparing
students to adjust to society or equipping them to change and improve society. • Not
only do people hold widely divergent views regarding the goals of schools, but these
views seem to vary depending on the times.
What are the Functions of Schools? • The primary function is to move young
people in the mainstream of society. • The school is the place for the contemplation of
reality, and our task as teachers, in the simplest terms, is to show this reality to our
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students, who are naturally eager about them. • At home we teach reality to children
in a profoundly personal, informal, and unstructured way. • There are also teachers
who facilitate learning, who teach children and youth certain types of acceptable
behavior, and sees to it that children develop aspects: physically, emotionally, socially
and academically.
prepare students for their later occupational roles and select, train, and allocate
individuals into the division of labor.
It refers to the various ways through which knowledge is passed on to the
other members of the society. This knowledge can be in the form of factual data,
skills, norms, and values. On the other hand, schooling refers to the formal
education one receives under a specially trained teacher.
This was what Mark Twain, author of the novels The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn meant when he said, “I have
never let my schooling interfere with my education.” Education evolves from time to
time and from country to country. For example, in the Middle Ages in Great
Britain, education was reserved only for the nobility, and the kind of education
they received was focused on classical subjects that had nothing to do with earning
a living. Around the same time in Japan, education was open to the nobility, but it
was the Zen Buddhist monasteries and the Ashikaga Gakko – which focused on
Chinese medicine, Confucianism, and the I Ching – that drove it forward.
Meanwhile, in the 1900s, education became more mainstream and could be
accessed by workers and commoners. In Russia, education became a key
component to becoming an industrial power, hence prompting the creation of a
standardized educational system that was under the control of the government.
Unlike in the earlier years when students had the freedom to choose what
they wanted to learn, teachers were then required to teach based on a predefined
curriculum. Often, that curriculum focused on socialist values and academic
excellence. Industrialization also seems to be a major contributor to the expansion
of education in the United States. Unlike socialist Russia or its mother country
Great Britain, however, education in the US focused on political participation.
According to Thomas Jefferson, allowing education to focus on the value of
freedom and citizen participation in governance would enable Americans to “read
and understand what is going on in the world.” The US was also the first country
to enact mandatory education laws. Because the government paid for education in
the country, it was necessary to produce practical consequences.
As a result, each generation of students received a fixed body of knowledge
which often reflected the concerns and needs of the generation. For example,
modern education in the US is focused on developing skills that students will need
when they enter the job market. Practical arts and art have less room in the
curriculum, but computer science and coding have gained center stage.
From the short discussion, one can already see that education is an
important factor in maintaining the stability of a society. Note, however, that
education can happen on various fronts. There is formal education (or schooling)
which refers to the complete educational ladder all children must go through from
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childhood up to adulthood. And then there are the alternative forms which are not
controlled by the government (often called private
education, indigenous education, informal learning, and self–directed
learning). With the advance of the internet, a new form of education has
emerged: open education through online courses.
As has been discussed above, education is used to promote the norms and values of a
society from one generation to the next. In some countries, the transmission function
of education is taken on by families. However, in more advanced countries, social
institutions such as schools become important as the family can no longer provide the
tools and important knowledge needed by the young student. This is the reason why
formal education was developed.
From early childhood, students in formal education learn their native language, as
well as the mathematical skill they will need to function in society. Such learning
expands in secondary and tertiary education, as students are prepared to adapt to his
changing realities.
As can be seen in the example of Russia and the US, education can be used to
promote specific values which may be cultural or political in nature.In many
countries, students are oriented towards competition, as can be evidenced by exams
and the grading system adopted by formal educational institutions.
Social Integration
Because education is used to transmit norms and values, it can also be regarded as a
unifying force. It promotes desired values and ensures conformity. In cases of
deviance, it provides widely known approaches to convert. For example, mandatory
education laws in the US ensured that all immigrants to the country knew what was
desirable and undesirable in the US society because they had to be educated in the US
schools.
Social Placement
Formal education helps students to discover approved statuses and roles that will help
the society’s longevity. Educational systems consider the various talents and interests
of students and attempt to provide opportunities that provide a good fit for these
talents and interests. Formal education, in a way, is an equalizer. It focuses on
achievement, rather than educational.
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Cultural Innovation
Educational institutions are the center of cultural innovation because they stimulate
intellectual inquiry and promote critical thinking. It enables new ideas to develop, as
well as provide bases for new knowledge to become accepted in the mainstream.
Through schools, theories are proven; technologies are improved; and cultures can
adapt to the changing society.
Latent Functions of Formal Education
As more families have both parents working at the same time, schools tend to become
an institution of child care. As children have to be in school, parents can have time to
perform their economic duties without being burdened with childcare duties. Another
latent function of formal education is the establishment of social relationships that
would have a lasting impact on the life of a child.
When children receive basic primary education, they will be able to learn the
basics of literacy and numeracy, and hence, gain the basic social and life skills
they need to be an active member of society and live a fulfilling life; and
Many children around the world still do not have access even to basic primary
education.
The right to education goes beyond having the capacity to go to school. Article 26 of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights underscores three basic rights in relation
to education.
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2. All children have a right to quality education. It is not enough that children are
able to access education. Instead, they must be afforded with an education that
meets their needs and prepares them for future challenges in their adulthood. In
this aspect, learning outcomes are important indicators of success.
3. All children must be given the same educational opportunities. Socio-
economic background, capacities, and location should not be a factor in a child’s
education. Wherever the child is living, there should be schools that are able to
provide him or her with an education that is at par with international standards.
Children with disabilities should be allowed to go to school. The curriculum, their
teachers, and class activities have to be adapted to fit their needs.
As of 2013, the Philippine Statistics Authority shows that there are almost 10,000
private education institutions operating in the country. 20.1% of them are offering pre-
school education; 17.5% of them are engaged in primary education; 25.6% are in
secondary education, and 26% are involved in tertiary education. Because the lack of
teachers and educational facilities are perennial problems in the Philippines, having
these many private schools might sound like a good idea. But Kishore Singh, the UN
special rapporteur on the right to education believes that the rise in private education
is an indication of the government’s failure to meet their obligation in ensuring
universal, free, and high-quality education for their citizens. With private schools,
Singh continues, education becomes a privilege for the well-to-do and could lead to
continued marginalization and exclusion of those who are already marginalized. It
creates social inequality and is a clear infringement of the human rights law.
The problem with privatization of education does not end with basic education. As
state colleges are rare in many countries, there is unequal access to higher education.
In the Philippines, until recently, a family must have at least PHP50, 000 per child per
year in order to send their children to a state university. While free college education
in the country is currently being implemented, there is no assurance as to how long it
will continue. Moreover, most state universities and colleges can only accommodate a
number of students, and a vast majority of secondary school graduates must enter
private universities for tertiary education.
As of 2015, tuition fees in private universities range from PHP 50,000 to almost
PHP200, 000 per semester, depending on the school the students choose to enroll in.
Statistics also show that the average family income for the same year was only at PHP
22,000 per month with 41.9% of the family’s total expenditures allotted for food. If an
average Filipino family has two to three children, it is clear that very few can afford to
send their children to good schools.
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What I Have Learned
Answer the Following questions on your activity notebook.
Assessment
Direction: How do you see yourself after 10 years? Answer the question through a
drawing.
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Additional Activities
At present, how does the new normal education affects the lives of the people?
What is the impact? Site on example. Explain your answer in more than 200 words.
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Answer Key
Lesson I
What I know, What’s
New, What I have
Learned and What I can
do- It is the discretion of
the teacher on how
many points will s/he
going rate the answers of
the learners
References:
https://www.slideshare.net/NJ_Jamali/role-of-education-in-society
https://quizlet.com/239714937/ucsp-educational-institution-flash-cards/
https://sklthebest.home.blog/2018/10/01/ucsp-module-5-education-as-a-social-
institution/#:~:text=Every%20child%2C%20in%20every%20country,establishment%20of%20lasting%20s
ocial%20ties.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/8-1-systems-of-stratification/
https://quizlet.com/325547316/education-ucsp-flash-cards/
https://www.google.com/search?q=education+and+the+new+normal&rlz=1C1PRFI_enPH800PH800&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx1pv4hujrAhWKzIsBHX_3CNsQ_AUoAnoECA0QBA&biw=136
6&bih=576#imgrc=TjPTT1eGSoSBfM
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