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    Ira Grace De Castro
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    This document summarizes the steps to solve a linear programming problem to maximize an objective function subject to constraints, using the simplex method. It provides the initial formulation, standard form with slack variables, initial simplex tableau, and the steps of the simplex method including pivot elements chosen based on maximum ratio test. Over 3 iterations, it arrives at an optimal solution with a maximum profit of $400.

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    This document summarizes the steps to solve a linear programming problem to maximize an objective function subject to constraints, using the simplex method. It provides the initial formulation, standard form with slack variables, initial simplex tableau, and the steps of the simplex method including pivot elements chosen based on maximum ratio test. Over 3 iterations, it arrives at an optimal solution with a maximum profit of $400.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    358 views3 pages

    Simplex Method Additional Activity

    Uploaded by

    Ira Grace De Castro
    This document summarizes the steps to solve a linear programming problem to maximize an objective function subject to constraints, using the simplex method. It provides the initial formulation, standard form with slack variables, initial simplex tableau, and the steps of the simplex method including pivot elements chosen based on maximum ratio test. Over 3 iterations, it arrives at an optimal solution with a maximum profit of $400.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    IRA GRACE B.

    DE CASTRO ACN1 | CAED101

    What is the value of the objective function?


    Max 4x1 + 6x2 + 3x3 + 1x4
    3
    s.t. x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 + 3x4 ≤ 550
    2
    4x1 + 1x2 + 2x3 + 1x4 ≤ 700
    2x1 + 3x2 + 1x3 + 2x4 ≤ 200
    x1, x2, x3, x4 ≥ 0

    Problem in standard form – adding slack variables


    Max 4x1 + 6x2 + 3x3 + 1x4 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 0s3
    3
    s.t. x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 + 3x4 + 1s1 = 550
    2
    4x1 + 1x2 + 2x3 + 1x4 + 1s2 = 700
    2x1 + 3x2 + 1x3 + 2x4 + 1s3 = 200
    x1, x2, x3, x4, s1, s2, s3 ≥ 0
    Simplex Tableau
    x1 x2 x3 x4 s1 s2 s3 𝑏𝑖
    Basis cB 4 6 3 1 0 0 0 𝑎𝑖2
    s1 0 3⁄2 2 4 3 1 0 0 550 550⁄ = 225
    2
    s2 0 4 1 2 1 0 1 0 700 700⁄ = 700
    1
    s3 0 2 3 1 2 0 0 1 200 200⁄ = 200⁄
    3 3
    zj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    cj - zj 4 6 3 1 0 0 0

    z1 = 0 (3/2) + 0 (4) + 0 (2) = 0 c1 – z1 = 4 – 0 = 4 Value of Objective Function New Variable into Basis: x2
    z2 = 0 (2) + 0 (1) + 0 (3) = 0 c2 – z2 = 6 – 0 = 6 Largest per unit improvement in the value
    of the objective function as per (cj - zj)
    z3 = 0 (4) + 0 (2) + 0 (1) = 0 c3 – z3 = 3 – 0 = 3 0 (550) = 0
    z4 = 0 (3) + 0 (1) + 0 (2) = 0 c4 – z4 = 1 – 0 = 1 0 (700) = 0 Removed Variable: s3
    z5 = 0 (1) + 0 (0) + 0 (0) = 0 c5 – z5 = 0 – 0 = 0 0 (200) = 0 Minimum ratio
    z6 = 0 (0) + 0 (1) + 0 (0) = 0 c6 – z6 = 0 – 0 = 0 Profit 0
    Pivot Element: 3
    z7 = 0 (0) + 0 (0) + 0 (1) = 0 c7 – z7 = 0 – 0 = 0

    Making column corresponding to x2 appear as: a12 = 0, a22 = 0, a32 = 1


    1. a32 = 1
    1 1
    (2x1 + 3x2 + 1x3 + 2x4 +1s3) = (200) 3
    3
    2 1 2 1 200
    x1 + 1x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 3s3 =
    3 3
    2. a12 = 0
    2 1 2 1 200
    2 ( 3x1 + 1x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 3s3 ) = ( )2
    3
    4 2 4 2 400
    x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 3s3 =
    3 3
    3 4 2 4 2 400
    ( 2 x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 + 3x4 + 1s1 ) – ( 3x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 3s3 )= 550 – 3
    1 10 5 2 1250
    x1 + 0x2 + x3 + 3x4 + 1s1 - 3s3 =
    6 3 3
    3. a22 = 0
    2 1 2 1 200
    ( 4x1 + 1x2 + 2x3 + 1x4 + 1s2 ) – ( 3x1 + 1x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 3s3 ) = 700 – 3
    10 5 1 1 1900
    x1 + 0x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 1s2 – 3s3 =
    3 3

    x1 x2 x3 x4 s1 s2 s3 𝑏𝑖
    Basis cB 4 6 3 1 0 0 0 𝑎𝑖2
    s1 0 1⁄ 0 10⁄ 5⁄ 1 0 −2⁄ 1250⁄ 1250 3
    6 3 3 3 3 𝑥 = 125
    3 10
    s2 0 10⁄ 0 5⁄ 1⁄ 0 1 −1⁄ 1900⁄ 1900 3
    𝑥 = 380
    3 3 3 3 3 3 5
    x2 6 2⁄ 1 1⁄ 2⁄ 0 0 1⁄ 200⁄ 200 3
    3 3 3 3 3 𝑥 = 200
    3 1
    zj 4 6 2 4 0 0 2 400
    cj - zj 0 0 1 -3 0 0 -2

    z1 = 0 (1/6) + 0 (10/3) + 6 (2/3) = 4 c1 – z1 = 4 – 4 = 0 Value of Objective New Variable into Basis: x3


    z2 = 0 (0) + 0 (0) + 6 (1) = 6 c2 – z2 = 6 – 6 = 0 Function Largest per unit improvement in the value of the
    objective function as per (cj - zj)
    z3 = 0 (10/3) + 0 (5/3) + 6 (1/3) = 2 c3 – z3 = 3 – 2 = 1
    z4 = 0 (5/3) + 0 (1/3) + 6 (2/3) = 4 c4 – z4 = 1 – 4 = -3 0 (1250/3) = 0 Removed Variable: s1
    z5 = 0 (1) + 0 (0) + 6 (0) = 0 c5 – z5 = 0 – 0 = 0 0 (1900/3) = 0 Minimum ratio
    z6 = 0 (0) + 0 (1) + 6 (0) = 0 c6 – z6 = 0 – 0 = 0 6 (200/3) = 400
    Profit 400 Pivot Element: 10/3
    z7 = 0 (-2/3) + 0 (-1/3) + 6 (1/3) = 2 c7 – z7 = 0 – 2 = -2

    Making column corresponding to x3 appear as: a12 = 1, a22 = 0, a32 = 0


    1. a12 = 1
    3 1 10 5 2 1250 3
    ( 6x1 + 0x2 + 3 x3 + 3x4 + 1s1 - 3s3 ) = ( 3 ) 10
    10
    1 1 3 1
    x1 + 0x2 + 1x3 + 2x4 + 10s1 - 5s3 = 125
    20
    2. a22 = 0
    5 1 1 3 1 5
    ( x1 + 0x2 + 1x3 + 2x4 + 10s1 - 5s3 ) = ( 125 ) 3
    3 20
    1 5 5 1 1 625
    12
    x1 + 0x2 + 3x3 + 6x4 + 2s1 - 3s3 = 3
    10 5 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 1900 625
    ( 3
    x1 + 0x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 1s2 – 3s3 ) – ( 12x1 + 0x2 + 3x3 + 6x4 + 2s1 - 3s3 ) = 3
    - 3
    13 1 1
    x1 + 0x2 + 0x3 – x4 – s1 + 1s2 - 0s3 = 425
    4 2 2
    3. a32 = 0
    1 1 1 3 1 1
    ( x1 + 0x2 + 1x3 + 2x4 + 10s1 - 5s3 ) = ( 125 ) 3
    3 20
    1 1 1 1 1 125
    x1 + 0x2 + 3x3 + 6x4 + 10s1 - 15s3 =
    60 3
    2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 200 125
    ( 3x1 + 1x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 3s3 ) – ( 60x1 + 0x2 + 3x3 + 6x4 + 10s1 - 15s3 ) = -
    3 3
    13 1 1 2
    x1 + 1x2 + 0x3 + 2x4 – 10s1 + 0s2 + 5s3 = 25
    20

    x1 x2 x3 x4 s1 s2 s3
    Basis cB 4 6 3 1 0 0 0
    x3 3 1⁄ 0 1 1⁄ 3⁄ 0 −1⁄ 125
    20 2 10 5
    s2 0 13⁄ 0 0 −1⁄ −1⁄ 1 0 425
    4 2 2
    x2 6 13⁄ 1 0 1⁄ −1⁄ 0 2⁄ 25
    20 2 10 5
    zj 81⁄ 6 3 9⁄ 3⁄ 0 9⁄ 525
    20 2 10 5
    cj - zj −1⁄ 0 0 −7⁄ −3⁄ 0 −9⁄
    20 2 10 5
    z1 = 3 (1/20) + 0 (13/4) + 6 (13/20) = 81/20 c1 – z1 = 4 – 4 = 0 Value of Objective New Variable into Basis: x3
    z2 = 3 (0) + 0 (0) + 6 (1) = 6 c2 – z2 = 6 – 6 = 0 Function Largest per unit improvement in the value of the
    objective function as per (cj - zj)
    z3 = 3 (1) + 0 (0) + 6 (0) = 3 c3 – z3 = 3 – 2 = 1
    z4 = 3 (1/2) + 0 (-1/2) + 6 (1/2) = 9/2 c4 – z4 = 1 – 4 = -3 3 (125) = 375 Removed Variable: s1
    z5 = 3 (3/10) + 0 (-1/2) + 6 (-1/10) = 3/10 c5 – z5 = 0 – 0 = 0 0 (425) = 0 Minimum ratio
    z6 = 3 (0) + 0 (1) + 6 (0) = 0 c6 – z6 = 0 – 0 = 0 6 (25) = 150
    Profit 525 Pivot Element: 10/3
    z7 = 3 (-1/5) + 0 (0) + 6 (2/5) = 9/5 c7 – z7 = 0 – 2 = -2
    cj - zj ≤ 0

    Optimal Solution: basic variables x2, x3, and s2 and nonbasic variables x1, x4, s1 and s3
    x1 = 0
    x2 = 25
    x3 = 125
    x4 = 0
    s1 = 0
    s2 = 425
    s3 = 0

    Value of the objective function:


    P = 4x1 + 6x2 + 3x3 + 1x4
    P = 4(0) + 6(25) + 3(125) + 1(0)
    P = 4 + 150 + 375 + 0
    P = 525

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