Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Instructional Ledership Action Plan
Instructional Ledership Action Plan
Instructional Leadership Action Plan for SmallTown School: Differentiated Instruction for
Ashley Hull
Jacqueline Kark
University of Calgary
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 2
Instructional Leadership Action Plan for SmallTown School: Differentiated Instruction for
Today, school dynamics are constantly adjusting as social structures and norms appear to
be in constant flux. Educators and leaders within the educational sector observe current world
trends and recognize the need for all students to achieve a strong educational foundation for
point: “if teachers are to prepare an ever more diverse group of students for much more
challenging work… they will need substantially more knowledge and radically different skills
than most have now and most schools of education now develop” (as cited in Bransford, 2000,
p.190). Key to unlocking the potential of all students is knowledge of and capacity to deliver
the success of all learners in a classroom. A realization that is becoming evident in many schools
is that students within the category of “gifted and talented” are most often overlooked in
instructional practice, which traditionally focuses on remedial efforts for improving overall
school achievement rates. This paper outlines the Instructional Leadership Action Plan for a
fictitious sample school, SmallTown School: an educational forum that embodies many of the
The District
in southern Alberta. This division also provides education to students who reside on 12 Hutterite
colonies. There are approximately 3400 students enrolled in the division, spread unevenly
through the schools in the various communities and on the colonies. Schools within this division
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 3
are quite diverse as some schools have a high First Nations population, others have significant
English Language Learner populations, while some are in towns close to major centers and
others are in villages a fair distance from a more urban center. The socio-economic status of
families is similarly diverse across the division, as is access to services for students. Not only do
the smaller communities have a lack of readily available services, there is also disparity in
divisionally provided services as the geographic boundaries result in the division being served by
two different regional collaborative service delivery providers. Over the past few years, the
school division has experienced overall declining enrolment, resulting in both funding and
staffing challenges. This declining enrolment has led to a focus on recruiting international
students in an attempt to increase student numbers and to gain access to greater funding
opportunities. Schools are also encouraged to develop unique programs to draw students in who
live within the jurisdictional boundaries but attend any of the number of private schools within
the area.
The School
grade 9. Experiencing population fluctuations over the years, several years ago SmallTown
School was selected as a divisional site to offer a strategically specialized program for students
with challenging behaviours, thereby increasing student and, subsequently, staffing numbers.
Offered in isolation to the rest of the school, this program was discontinued as the philosophy of
inclusion was embraced by SASD. Following the closure of the program, the student population
of SmallTown School once again declined and staff who were specifically versed in dealing with
children with severe behaviours transferred into other positions throughout the district.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 4
multigrade classrooms. The next population influx occurred three years ago when a group of
students from Low German Mennonite families who immigrated from Mexico joined the school.
Since this time, the student population has remained fairly consistent. Despite the population
increase, students have remained in multigrade classrooms. In this arrangement, students stay
with the same teacher for two or three years (depending on the subject area). In this
configuration, “teachers are responsible, within a timetabled period, for instruction across two or
SmallTown School has had historically below average provincial exam results. The last
two years have shown an increase in the number of students achieving a standard of excellence,
but this is still well below provincial average. “OurSchool” and “Accountability Pillar” data also
indicate lower than Canadian norms for student sense of belonging, meaning many students do
not feel a sense of connectedness to SmallTown School. Previous school improvement plans
have focused on improving student literacy and numeracy, but these measures were based largely
on remediation with little focus on enrichment. There was some focus on improving student
sense of belonging, but the plan was not always implemented as planned. The hope was that a
reasonably satisfied with the education their children were receiving. However, it has come to
the attention of the new administration that there are several children within the community who
do not attend SmallTown School as their parents do not believe that their children, who are
inclined or have been identified as gifted and talented, will be challenged and provided with
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 5
adequate educational stimuli at the local school. Student misbehavior is also becoming a pressing
concern, as discipline referrals have increased exponentially over the past few years. This is
Overview
As the new administration surveys the school holistically, it appears that teacher focus is
primarily aimed at meeting the needs of the students struggling to meet the curricular objectives.
Teachers have become quite adept at adapting materials and outcomes to meet the needs of the
English Language Learners and others who are not yet meeting their age-appropriate grade level
expectations. Despite their best intentions, assessment practices remain focused on the traditional
view of assessment of learning, as opposed to for learning (Bennett, 2016). The impact of current
towards, approach to and practices of multigrade classroom configurations, clearly the structure
is not working in the majority of cases. Teachers perceive the imposed structure as creating extra
work and not as an opportunity for enhanced student learning. As currently structured,
classrooms operate in distinct grade groupings where teachers adhere strictly to age appropriate
grade level outcomes within each group. Students are grouped inflexibly based on age and
experiencing burnout and are not necessarily creative with their approaches to learning and
engagement, administration considered and applied a new lens of understanding to the students
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 6
with behavioural challenges. With a high probability that these students present with behaviours
due to their academic needs not being met, consideration is given that, perhaps, the students are
gifted and talented. A survey of the school and teaching practices revealed that teachers are
proficient at adapting curriculum to meet the needs of students who are not yet able to meet the
expectations of the curriculum. However, it appears that teachers are not confident in identifying
students who are gifted and talented, much less in differentiating instruction to meet their needs.
important for the administration to create and implement a cohesive, research based plan to
address the capacity of staff around differentiation for gifted and talented students. However, it is
unclear at this time whether the lack of programming and differentiation for gifted and talented
student is a matter of the will or the skill of the teaching staff. What follows is a research based
action plan to improve the instructional capacity of the staff to meet the needs of students who
Inclusion
Classrooms are becoming increasingly complex, diverse and dynamic. Despite much
conversation about class size being a key concern for teachers, recent qualitative research
conducted with Alberta teachers actually indicates that classroom composition is a greater
concern and challenge (Alberta Teacher’s Association, 2015). It would appear that, despite the
expectation that all teachers teach effectively in inclusive classrooms, not all teachers are
adequately equipped, prepared and/or willing to do so (Scott, Scott and Longmire, 2016). As
Scott (2016) illustrates, the variety of learners encountered in the modern-day classroom
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 7
comprises “different ability levels, racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, linguistic diversity,
socio-economic status,” whilst impacted by “students’ prior learning experiences and educational
efficacy” (p. 2). Teachers report that they “require more supports in multiple forms—
educational assistants; time for collaboration, planning and paperwork; and specialized resources
and training—in order to address the learning needs of their students” (Alberta Teacher’s
When discussing inclusion, one often thinks primarily of students who are differently
able and are struggling to meet the expectations of the age appropriate curriculum, thus requiring
differential supports to meet the outcomes. However, this mindset does not honour students who
are identified as gifted and talented, meaning they demonstrate “exceptional potential and/or
performance across a wide range of abilities” (Alberta Education, 2017, p. 6). Unfortunately,
students and teachers are disserviced when identifying those who are gifted and talented as each
school division has the ability to determine their own assessment procedures (Alberta Education,
2017). As discussed by Hymer and Michel (2012), there is no truly agreed upon definition or
description for those who are gifted and talented. It is extremely complex to determine who
qualifies as gifted and talented, adding to the challenges experienced systematically. Gagne
(1993) explored and defined this category, suggesting that gifts or giftedness could be equated to
inherent potential and talent being expressed as “performance in a field of human endeavor”
(Queen, 2006, p. 19). In respects to recognizing the need to acknowledge the diverse
backgrounds of gifted and talented students, Scott, Scott and Longmire (2016) remind educators
that “what we do categorically know is that giftedness and talent are aspects of the human
condition regardless of race and cultural contexts, although cultural values may influence the
Traditionally, in the school setting, however, students who are deemed gifted and talented
are those demonstrating “advanced cognitive (understanding) skills and motor skills for her age”
(Hymer & Michel, 2012, p. 10). However, this paradigm fails to take into account the
underachieving student who may present with negative behaviours or challenged areas of
achievement. These traditional views do not allow space for educators to consider that students
may be achieving below their potential because of what is (or is not) happening in the classroom
(Hymer & Michel, 2012). It is entirely possible to present with gifts and talents in one facet of
and talented students, “at the heart of inclusion are educators who understand that differences in
students are part of what they bring to their social interactions and that interdependence of
students is a natural part of the educational process” (Parekh & Underwood, 2015, p. 3). In
practice, all students must have their needs addressed and all educational decisions must be
based on what is best for each individual student. This is an enormous, and daunting, task for
inclusive classroom. Such concerns are discussed and explored by Parekh and Underwood
(2015):
There is a set curriculum to which each teacher and school is required to deliver.
However, teachers have the autonomy to decide how best to approach each curricular
goal. Decisions on best practice should be tailored and responsive to the experiences of
the students in the classroom. Drawing upon the capability theory, it is key that educators
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 9
believe that all students have capabilities and that they employ a range of approaches to
However, even when planning and assessment are approached with this mindset, it is still
overwhelming for a teacher to know and to execute the practical steps required to meet the needs
of all levels of learners in a classroom. It can be difficult for teachers to differentiate product,
process and/or content while still ensuring that all students feel a sense of belonging and
connectedness within the classroom (Taylor, 2015). This collective belonging within a school,
“based on the concepts of social citizenship, has demonstrated to be critically linked to student
achievement and post‐secondary access” (Parekh & Underwood, 2015, p. 7). Therein lies a
challenge for teachers and administrators alike as this requires the careful crafting of a culture of
acceptance, emotional and physical safety, and a feeling that the contributions of every
individual are equally valuable (Parekh & Underwood, 2015). These are all foundational
elements to be incorporated into the SmallTown School Instructional Leadership Action Plan.
Differentiated Instruction
according to different student talents and learning styles” (p. 34). Differentiated instruction
involves “modifying instruction so that all students can be successful” (Morgan, 2014, p. 34).
This requires teachers to really know and understand their students and to be very intentional in
their planning of instruction for each individual student. Taylor (2015) illustrated the benefits of
differentiated instruction for all learners, in that “by providing multiple paths to a learning goal
using a variety of strategies to address students’ learning styles, interests, needs, and readiness
levels, teacher candidates can engage all students in differentiated instruction that is appealing,
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 10
inclusive classroom will not be successful for either the teacher or the students.
A teacher who understands, believes in, lives and embodies the philosophy of
providing instruction, rather than just one or two” (Morgan, 2014, p. 35) and provides
opportunity for students to learn in a manner best suited to themselves as an individual learner.
This philosophy emphasizes the personalization of learning for each student and draws heavily
on three components: “emphasizing student interest, using the right starting point, and allowing
students to work at their own pace” (Morgan, 2014, p. 36). During any given lesson, teachers
may employ strategies appropriate to different learning styles, but the intentionality with which
this is done, and the consideration that may be given to each individual learner, is debatable in
many classrooms.
underrepresented students defined three principles, based off of Gardner’s (1983) theory of
multiple intelligences, from which schools should base their foundational work when planning
an inclusive gifted and talented program: “1. Individuals should be encouraged to use their
intelligence. 3. Assessment of learning should measure multiple forms of intelligence” (p. 18). In
order to accomplish the above goals, teachers must have capacity to link strong and effective
the hinge from which student achievement can move and advance from effective implementation
of professional development.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 11
the constraints of formal conferences, workshops and courses. As a rural school with a diverse
population of learners, SmallTown staff will not necessarily have access to these
broadened view of understanding that teachers have access to multiple interactions and
experiences that enrich and broaden and strengthen practice in informal contexts. Working
mentoring, reflecting on lessons, group discussions of student work, a book club, a teacher
network, or a study group” can all be used to enhance current teacher practices (Desimone, 2010,
p. 29).
learning theory research underpins the importance of learning in context and the
remaining a “dynamic area of research and theory building,” within educational professional
development, there are some defined core features of learning to be considered (Merriam, 2008,
p. 94). With inclusion and increased teaching capacity for differentiation in mind, Desimone
(2010) outlined the following five main features of “professional development that have been
associated with changes in knowledge, practice, and, to a lesser extent, student achievement” (p.
29). First is the need for activities to be content-focused, ensuring ample time is spent
considering primarily how students access and learn content. Second is active learning. In
engaging in the learning process, teachers are better equipped to transfer practically applied
knowledge within their classrooms. Third is building coherence and consistency in all facets:
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 12
prior knowledge, beliefs, school plans and district policies. Herein shows that a path with the
least amount of resistance is easiest to apply and build from. Fourth considers the appropriate
duration of the activity. Research indicates that effective professional development activities
occur over the course of a semester and engage in a minimum of 20 contact hours. The final
feature focuses on collective participation, wherein grade groups, subject groups or school
measuring effective implementation will be required to ensure that the ensuing instructional
changes in fact deliver according to the needs of all students, especially those identified within
the SmallTown School Instructional Leadership Action Plan as gifted and talented. This will
will enable coaches and principals to determine whether teachers are using reform
insights into the challenges and successes teachers experience with any new curriculum
or reform, highlighting for principals and districts what additional supports might be
Within the terms of capacity building, a number of factors must be considered. As a new
principal, engaging and learning and celebrating with staff are all important steps that must first
provide the foundation of trusting relationships. From here, honest and open dialogue concerning
deficiencies can have the appropriate impact of change, as opposed to that of resentment and
hostility. Kowch (2013) explores the notion of establishing an effective interdisciplinary team
comprising of both redundant and diverse elements. This involves drawing on and amplifying the
shared common language, culture and norms that exist within the educational setting. As
described by Kowch (2013), the team of staff members must have a shared goal and maintain
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 13
goal identified at the district level, ample dialogue must occur for all members coming together
to feel unified in the desire to improve performance, thus improving redundancy. Alternatively,
the skill set represented by a diverse group of individuals “offers an organization its very
potential for ‘learning its way ahead’” as well as “its very potential for novelty and subsequent
innovations… that attract people toward change” (Kwoch, 2013, p. 18). Recognizing the value of
both redundancy and diversity in creating a space of learning among people aiming to
prepare and execute these elements to their highest potential. A carefully selected
interdisciplinary team will be critical to this success and the ultimate success of the previously
Despite a number of varied leadership models available for examination and use, those
attributed with measurable success in improving student outcomes are “instructional” and
leadership examines and emphasizes “establishing clear educational goals, planning the
curriculum, and evaluating teachers and teaching” (Day, Gu & Sammons, 2016, p. 224).
Alternatively, transformational leadership places more value and effort into creating a shared
vision, creating and maintaining a positive culture of learning, organizing components and
developing people (Day et al., 2016). Research indicates that blending strategies from both
leadership models results in substantial influence on “pedagogy and the achievement of its
students;” indeed, “effective leadership practice...includes both a focus on the internal states of
organizational members that are critical to their performance and classroom instruction” (Day et
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 14
al., 2016, p. 225). From this blended approach, we can examine the specific steps necessary to
instructional leadership, the principal must first “build trust and foster positive working
relationships, on the basis of appropriate values and ethical foundations, within the school
community-- students, teachers and other staff, parents, school council and others who have an
interest in the school” (Alberta Education, 2009, p. 4). As described earlier, SmallTown School
staff already possess a strong ethic of care towards the students in their classrooms, however
these efforts are not necessarily translating into a sense of well-being among all students.
Strengthening the “core relationship” of student and teacher “may be the most influential” factor
in student success (Queen, 2006, p. 126). Burnett (1999) examined and offered a list of
suggested teacher behaviors and instructional strategies to enhance this critical teacher-student
relationship specifically in relation to gifted and talented students from diverse cultures;
Appreciate and accommodate the similarities and differences among the students’
cultures, build relationships with students, focus on ways students learn and observe them
to identify their task orientations… use a variety of instructional strategies and learning
A transformational leader in a school must emphasize these relationships and help build capacity
among staff through a shared vision and consistent follow-up. Scott, Scott and Webber (2016)
explained the changing dynamics of school leadership and highlighted the role principals must
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 15
play in order “to examine current assessment practices and become more innovative, to
interrogate their assumptions… courage to stand against the prevailing traditions or norms” (p.
13). Attention to the importance of strategic professional development has already been
consideration must be paid to the manner in which parents are engaged in their student’s learning
journey.
Queen (2006) measured the success elementary schools had in identifying their
underrepresented gifted and talented students through the process of specific outreach to parents.
In the instance of SmallTown School, no known, deliberate parent engagement had been initiated
prior to the appointment of the new principal. Utilizing the research that identifies establishing a
necessary for the new administrator to foster include “respect, competence, integrity, and
personal regard for others” (Queen, 2006, p. 127). Cultivating an awareness of these qualities is
vital. Bennett (2016) discussed the use of rubrics as a means for professional educational staff to
self-assess while undergoing systemic change. Here, administration can employ a similar
assessment framework to assist with ongoing self-reflection. With the understanding of how
change is lead, it is critical in the instance of engaging parent groups to recognize that, “people in
a school community are involved in one another’s lives, and sometime we forget about the
importance of the way they interrelate with one another and how that makes a difference in the
team, the additional individual strategies to be implemented and approximate timelines follow in
the Action Items component of the SmallTown School Instructional Leadership Action Plan.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 16
Standards
Principals in Alberta are held to the standards outlined in the “Principal Quality Practice
Guideline” (Alberta Education, 2009). Amongst these standards are leading a learning
community, providing instructional leadership and embodying visionary leadership. One of the
primary roles of the principal is to “involve the school community in creating and sustaining
shared school values, vision, mission and goals” (Alberta Education, 2009, p. 4). Then, the
principal must “nurture and sustain a school culture that values and supports learning” (Alberta
Education, 2009, p. 5). Within the school setting, principalship is defined as a position that:
a) promotes and models life-long learning for students, teachers and other staff
b) fosters a culture of high expectations for students, teachers and other staff
c) promotes and facilitates meaningful professional development for teachers and other
staff d) facilitates meaningful parental involvement and ensures they are informed about
Vital to the successful implementation of the Instructional Leadership Action Plan for
SmallTown School, administration must enact instructional leadership practice that “ensures that
all students have ongoing access to quality teaching and learning opportunities to meet the
provincial goals of education” (Alberta Education, 2009, p. 5). Though expectations maintain
that principals lead learning communities and provide both instructional and transformational
leadership, similarly to the instructional practices of a teacher, this is not prescriptive and must
fit the needs of a particular school community. The following details represent the basic
implementation for SmallTown School’s Instructional Leadership Action Plan based on the
“Principal Quality Practice Guidelines” and additional research within the educational field.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 17
Action Items
The successful implementation of the practical steps and phases of the Instructional
Leadership Action Plan, as found in the appendix, is intended to build the instructional capacity
of school staff. This plan begins with administration establishing a general knowledge and
familiarity based on observation and data collection of the strengths and needs of each staff
member. Proceeding these preliminary findings, collection of information will focus around the
pervasive features of the existing school culture. Key to this first, foundational phase is the
intentional building of relationships and authentic celebrating of success in order to set the stage
for a shift in school culture to one that recognizes, honours and supports all student differences.
changes in school culture affect the way in which adults in and out of the school work
with each other to improve practices and create the best learning environments for all
Before any instructional or institutional change can occur, the principal must work to create trust
amongst all stakeholders. As asserted by Seashore Louis and Wahlstom (2011), “neither
organizational learning nor professional community can endure without trust — between
teachers and administrators, among teachers, and between teachers and parents,” reiterating the
importance of careful, planned, authentic relationship and trust building (p. 53).
Leading into the developmental phase, administrator’s attention caters to crafting and
communicating plans for professional development and learning opportunities for all staff. Once
the principal has developed strong, trusting relationships and has a good understanding of each
staff member's strengths and needs, “strategies relating to transformational leadership (e.g.,
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 18
developing vision, setting directions, building a “core” senior leadership group with common
purpose)” can be implemented, “together with instructional leadership strategies (e.g., raising
teacher performance expectations of self and pupils; improving pupil behavior; improving the
physical, social, psychological, and emotional conditions for teaching and learning; and using
data and research)” (Day et al., 2013, p. 240). The professional development plan (PDP) will be
based on “systematic classroom observations and increasing the use of data-informed decision
making to improve the quality of teaching and learning” (Day et al., 2013, p. 243). In order to
ensure genuine staff buy-in and action, as opposed to staff compliance, all stakeholders must
have a shared sense of norms and values and, in particular, place importance in the fact that
teachers take “collective responsibility for ensuring that all students learn,” including a genuine
“resolve to break out of old practices” (Seashore Louis & Wahlstom, 2011, p.54). This, in turn,
will result in improved student learning. The staff must share a sense of urgency and ownership
Phase three represents the actual implementation of the PDP, coupled with honest, and
frequent, reflection on the progress. Facilitating an increase of staff ownership of the PDP, the
administration must offer a “wider distribution of leadership with the focus being placed on
redesigning organizational roles and responsibilities to extend leadership across the school, build
leadership capacity, and, through this, deepen the scope and depth of change” (Day et al., 2013,
p. 243). Continual adjusting and morphing of the PDP through assessment and staff reflection
will measure and, thereby, ensure that student learning is in fact improving or moving towards
improvement. Provided the principal has established strong, trusting relationships, and is able to
lead by example, teachers will be more likely to engage in honest reflection with the principal
and will be willing to apply his/her suggestions and ideas more readily (Seashore Louis &
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 19
Wahlstrom, 2011). In order to truly assess if the PDP is effective, the principal will remain in
data collection mode throughout the process. The number of office referrals will be tracked,
parent, teacher and student satisfaction will be monitored and classroom observations must
The final step involves an impact assessment and celebrations of progress. As the
principal continues to refine the PDP based on “in the moment” data and ongoing classroom
observations, celebration of gains that are being made around achievement and belonging are
crucial to maintaining relationships and trust amongst all stakeholders. This is also key to
demonstrating to the divisional office that the implemented plan has been able to achieve the
intended goals.
Conclusion
administration at SmallTown School is confident that the needs of unidentified gifted and
talented learners will be better addressed and a sense of belonging and connectedness will
increase, thereby increasing the overall achievement of all students. As teachers within a multi-
disciplinary high-capacity team become more capable and confident in their abilities to
differentiate for gifted and talented learners, improved efforts to differentiate for those who are
not yet capable of meeting grade level curricular outcomes will continue to strengthen a natural
extension of practice. The plan to create a culture that appreciates the diversity and needs of all
learners is not one to be approached flippantly, nor one that can be expected to produce easily
measurable results immediately. Through careful, intentional building of relationships with all
addition to the communication and celebration of progress, the capacity of staff at SmallTown
School will begin to increase, leading to a changed and improved culture and increased overall
student achievement.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ACTION PLAN 21
References
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Appendix
student learning and sense of belonging and connectedness. The principal will
first identify successes, eventually establishing a norm of staff identifying and
articulating successes (of self and others).
Provide space for teachers to begin to articulate what they see as challenges.
Structure opportunity for collaboration to begin to devise solutions to perceived
challenges. The contributions that teachers and paraprofessionals make will be
authentically acknowledged. The principal will monitor what is happening in
each collaborative group to ensure a culture of positivity, productivity and
accountability is established.
Key indicators of success: Invitation by teachers to observe classroom activities (as opposed to
the principal choosing which classrooms to visit and when). Staff seek out administration to
discuss concerns, staff begin to offer solutions to challenges brought up (by self or others). Staff
articulate their (or others) success in a public forum. Staff collaborate in a meaningful manner
Collaborate with staff around why there has been an increasing number of
behavioural referrals. Lead conversations to help staff reflect on the function of
the observable behaviours.
Share research with staff about gifted and talented learners (with and without
disabilities). Begin to develop a shared understanding of what it means to be a
gifted and talented learner. It is important to begin to develop a means of
identifying the gifted and talented learners (and in what areas they exhibit
giftedness and exceptional talent).
Conduct a needs assessment around teacher understanding of sound
instructional practice for gifted and talented learners.
Facilitate discussions around the school structure and assess teacher
understanding of ways to address student learning in multigrade classrooms. It is
important to begin to analyze if the lack of differentiation for gifted and talented
students is a ‘will’ or a ‘skill’ issue.
Seek out and provide opportunity for those with the “best ideas...to have
influence” and share their philosophies and best practices (Seashore Louise &
Wahlstrom, p. 54, 2011)
Key indicators of success: All staff contribute to (and can articulate) the shared norms and
values for professional development, all staff contribute to (and can articulate) the shared
norms, values and mission of SmallTown School. Staff take on leadership roles (initially
designated, leading to staff seeking out and creating leadership opportunities). Staff contribute
to shared understanding of the roots of student misbehaviour and are willing to consider
alternate viewpoints and consider new paradigms. All staff contribute to discussions around
school structure and demonstrate willingness to implement new structures.
Year 2