Prepare A Chart of Electric Locomotive and Show The Various Components
Prepare A Chart of Electric Locomotive and Show The Various Components
1. Brief Introduction :-
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead
lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a
supercapacitor.This page shows the internal arrangement for a typical AC
electric locomotive and offers a selection of terms used in electric traction. If
you can’t find it here, try our Modern Railway Glossary.
2. Aim of the Micro project:-
1)Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive.
2)Show the various components of Electric Locomotive.
3) To know about applications of electric locomotive.
3.Action Plan:-
PART –B
Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive and show the
various components.
1.Brief introduction:-
A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive
power for a train.If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually
rather referred to as a multiple unit, motor coach, railcar or power car; the use
of these self-propelled vehicles is increasingly common for passenger trains,
but rare for freight (see CargoSprinter and Iron
Highway).Traditionally,locomotives pulled trains from the front. However,
push-pull operation has become common, where the train may have a
locomotive (or locomotives) at the front, at the rear, or at each end. Most
recently railroads have begun adopting DPU or distributed power. The front
may have one or two locomotives followed by a mid train locomotive that is
controlled remotely from the lead unit.
2.History:-
The first known electric locomotive was built in 1837 by chemist Robert
Davidson of Aberdeen, and it was powered by galvanic cells (batteries).
Davidson later built a larger locomotive named Galvani, exhibited at the Royal
Scottish Society of Arts Exhibition in 1841. The seven-ton vehicle had two
direct-drive reluctance motors, with fixed electromagnets acting on iron bars
attached to a wooden cylinder on each axle, and simple commutators. It
hauled a load of six tons at four miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour) for a
distance of one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres). It was tested on the
Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway in September of the following year, but the
limited power from batteries prevented its general use. It was destroyed by
railway workers, who saw it as a threat to their job security. The locomotive
was driven by a 2.2 kW, series-wound motor, and the train, consisting of the
locomotive and three cars, reached a speed of 13 km/h. During four months,
the train carried 90,000 passengers on a 300-metre-long (984 feet) circular
track.
3.Types Of Locomotive:-
Diesel Locomotives.
Steam Locomotives.
Electric Locomotives.
Electric Trainsets.
Diesel Trainsets.
Maglev trainsets.
Gas turbine locomotives.
5.Electromotive Components:-
Asynchronous Motor:-Modern traction motor type using three phase AC
electrical supply and now the favoured design for modern train traction systems.
It can be used on DC and AC electrified railways with suitable control
electronics and on diesel-electric locomotives.
Axle Brush:-The means by which the power supply circuit is completed with
the substation once power has been drawn on the locomotive. Current collected
from the overhead line or third rail is returned via the axle brush and one of the
running rails.
Battery:-All trains are provided with a battery to provide start up current and
for supplying essential circuits, such as emergency lighting, when the line
supply fails. The battery is usually connected across the DC control supply
circuit.
Circuit Breaker:-An electric train is almost always provided with some sort of
circuit breaker to isolate the power supply when there is a fault, or for
maintenance. On AC systems they are usually on the roof near the pantograph.
There are two types - the air blast circuit breaker and the vacuum circuit breaker
or VCB. The air or vacuum part is used to extinguish the arc which occurs as
the two tips of the circuit breaker are opened. The VCB is popular in the UK
and the air blast circuit breaker is more often seen on the continent of Europe.
Contactor:-Similar to a relay in that it is a remotely operated switch used to
control a higher power local circuit. The difference is that contactors normally
latch or lock closed and have to be opened by a separate action. A lighting
contactor will have two, low voltage operating coils, one to "set" the contactor
closed to switch on the lights; the other to "trip" off the lights.
Converter:-Generic term for any solid state electronic system for converting
alternating current to direct current or vice versa. Where an AC supply has to be
converted to DC it is called a rectifier and where DC is converted to AC it is
called an inverter. The word originated in the US but is now common
elsewhere.
Cooling Fans:-To keep the thyristors and other electronic power systems cool,
the interior of a modern locomotive is equipped with an air management
system, electronically controlled to keep all systems operating at the correct
temperature. The fans are powered by an auxiliary inverter producing 3-phase
AC at about 400 volts.
GTO Thyristor:-Gate Turn Off thyristor, a thyristor which does not require a
commutation (reverse flow circuit) circuit to switch it off. See Thyristor
(below)
No-Volt Relay:-A power circuit relay which detected if power was lost for any
reason and made sure that the control sequence was returned to the starting
point before power could be re-applied.
Overload Relay:-A power circuit relay which detected excessive current in the
circuit and switched off the power to avoid damage to the motors. See Motor
Protection above.
Relay:-A remotely controlled switch which uses a low voltage control circuit. It
will close (or open) a switch in a local circuit, usually of higher power. To see
the principle of how it works, look here. See also Contactor (above).
Thyristor:-A type of diode with a controlling gate which allows current to pass
through it when the gate is energised. The gate is closed by the current being
applied to the thyristor in the reverse direction. Thyristors (also referred to as
choppers) are used for traction power control in place of resistance control
systems. A GTO (Gate Turn Off) thyristor is a development in which current is
turned off is by applying a pulse of current to the gate.
Wheel Spin:-On a steam locomotive, the driver must reduce the steam
admission to the cylinders by easing closed (or partially closed) the
throttle/regulator when he hears the wheels start to spin. On diesel or electric
locomotives, the current drawn by individual or groups of traction motors are
compared - the motor (or group) which draws proportionally less amps than the
others is deemed to be in a state of slip - and the power is reduced. Some
systems - EMD Super Series for one - measure known wheel speed against
ground speed as registered on a Doppler Radar. Many locomotives additionally
use sand, which is applied to the wheel/rail contact point to improve adhesion -
this is either controlled automatically, or manually by the driver (Foamer? No
Way, 25 Apr 98). See also Wheel Spin Relay.
Wheel Spin Relay (WSR):-A relay in older traction motor control circuits used
to detect wheel spin or slide by measuring the current levels in a pair of motors
on a bogie and comparing them. The idea is to prevent motor damage by
preventing an overspeeding motor causing an unacceptable rise in current in the
other motor of the pair. If detected, the imbalance causes the control circuits to
open the line breakers and reset the power control to the start position like a
“no-volt" relay
8.Skill Developed:
1. Collected relevant data from different sources.
2.Analyzed the collected data and generalized useful information from it.
3.Work persistently to achieve the target.
4.Prepared details plan for execution of the work.
5.Prepared a chart showing application of Locomotive.
Title of project:- Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive and show the various
components.
Course outcomes achieved:- We learned about various components of electric
locomotive.
2. Literature survey
3. Project proposal
6. Quality of model
7. Report preparation
8. Presentation
9. Defense
Title of project:- Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive and show the various
components.
Course outcomes achieved:- We learned about various components of electric
locomotive.
2. Literature survey
3. Project proposal
6. Quality of model
7. Report preparation
8. Presentation
9. Defense
Title of project:- Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive and show the various
components.
Course outcomes achieved:- We learned about various components of electric
locomotive.
2. Literature survey
3. Project proposal
6. Quality of model
7. Report preparation
8. Presentation
9. Defense
Title of project:- Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive and show the various
components.
2. Literature survey
3. Project proposal
6. Quality of model
7. Report preparation
8. Presentation
9. Defense
Title of project:- Prepare a chart of Electric Locomotive and show the various
components.
2. Literature survey
3. Project proposal
6. Quality of model
7. Report preparation
8. Presentation
9. Defense