WEEK 7 – Day 1

LIGHT: MIRRORS AND LENSES

PRE ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What happens to light rays when it is incident on plane mirrors?
a. It is refracted. c. It changes its speed
b. It is reflected. d. It changes its color

2. A ray of light is reflected from a plane mirror. The angle of incidence is 15o. What is the
angle between the incident and the reflected rays?
a. 30o c. 10o
o
b. 20 d. 15o

3. Which best describes the image formed in a plane mirror?

a. virtual, erect, and the same size. c. virtual, inverted, and smaller
b. virtual, inverted, and larger d. real, inverted and larger

4. What kind of mirror is used in automobiles that gives the driver a wider area and smaller
image of the traffic behind him/her?
a. plane mirror c. concave mirror
b. convex mirror d. none of these

5. Where do rays parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror pass through when
reflected?
a. the center of curvature of the mirror
b. any point on the axis
c. the principal focus
d. the point halfway between the focus and the mirror

6. In lenses, what is the principle involved in the formation of images?

a. dispersion c. refraction
b. aberration d. reflection

7. What is the distance of your image from you if you stand 2.0m in front of a plane mirror?
a. 4.0 m c. 2.0m
b. 3.0 m d. 1.0m

8. An object is placed between 2F and F. What is the type and orientation of the image
formed?
a. virtual and inverted c. virtual and erect
b. real and inverted d. real and erect

9. A bamboo stick partly submerged obliquely in water appears to be bent at a point where it
enters the water surface. Which of the following support for this observation?
a. Light does not travel in straight line.
b. Dispersion of light on entering water.
c. Diffraction of light by the surface of the water.
d. Refraction of light due to difference in speed of light in air.

10. Where is the image located if an object is 15 cm in front of convex mirror with a focal
length of 20 cm?
a. between F and V c. in front of the mirror
b. between C and F d. between F and mirror

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11. Maria stands 1.6-m tall in front of a plane mirror. What is the height of her image?
a. 0.8 m. c. 3.2 m.
b. 1.2 m. d. 1.6 m.

12. When does refraction of light rays take place?

a. When light rays strike a mirror.
b. When light bends when they enter a different medium.
c. When a white light is made up of many colors.
d. When a light travels in straight line in uniform medium.

13. Which of the following can be used to correct farsighted or hyperopic eye?
a. concave lens c. combination of a and b
b. convex lens d. combination of lens and mirror

14. Of the following instruments, which function similar to the human eye?
a. hand lens c. camera
b. telescope d. microscope

15. At what location in front of a convex lens should an object be placed to create a real?
a. At the focal length of the lens.
b. Beyond the focal length of the lens.
c. On the same side of the lens as the image.
d. Between the focal length pf the lens and the lens.

16. Which of the following can an image be enlarged?

a. concave mirrors only c. either concave or convex mirror
b. convex mirrors only d. neither concave nor convex mirror

17. Which optical instrument uses 2 convex lenses to make a smaller object larger?
a. Camera c. Oscilloscope
b. Microscope d. Telescope

18. Which of the following optical instruments will be used to produce a reduced and inverted
image of a distant object?
a. Camera c. Microscope
b. Projector d. Refracting Telescope

19. A photocopier machine produces an image that is same as the object being printed.
Considering the location of an object in a convex lens, where is the object located or placed
to produce an image that is of equal size to the object?
a. at F’ c. between F’ and V
’
b. at 2F d. between 2F’ and F’

20. What kind of image is formed by concave lenses?

a. reduced in size, erect and virtual
b. reduced in size, erect and real
c. could be real or virtual; depends on the distance of the object from the focal
point
d. could be real or virtual, but always real when the object is placed at the focal
point

21. A person stands on the shore of a lake on a quiet and calm day, and observes the
reflection of a distant mountain in the water. Which of the following statements best
describes what the person observe as the reflected image?
a. The image is smaller than the mountain, and inverted.

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 b. The image is the same size as the mountain, and inverted.
c. The image is the same size as the mountain, and erect.
d. The image is smaller than the mountain, an erect.

22. At what angle should the mirror be positioned such that an infinite number of images will
be formed or seen?
a. 90o c. 60o
0
b. at 45 d. 300

23. What causes the formation of a rainbow?

a. Reflection and refraction of sunlight in a raindrop.
b. Refraction of sunlight in the sky.
c. Reflection and refraction of sunlight in the sky.
d. Reflection of sunlight in the sky.

24. What type of mirror do dentists usually use to clearly see the images of the teeth?
a. Plane mirror c. Convex mirror
b. Concave mirror d. Convex lens

25. What kind of lenses are used in magnifying glasses?

a. Concave lenses c. Convex lenses
b. magnifying lenses d. none of these

26. What is the distance of the image if a 3.0 cm tall light bulb is placed at a distance of 30.5
cm from a diverging lens having a focal length of -10.2 cm?
a. - 7.64 cm c. 7.64 cm
b. – 7. 8 cm d. 7.8 cm

27. What happens when a piece of white paper is placed between mirrors?
a. it diffracts the rays of light. c. it interferes the rays of light.
b. it diffuses the rays of light. d. it refract the rays of light

28. What letters in the alphabet can be read properly in front of the mirror?
a. T, U, A, H, M, I c. A, B, D, T, X
b. V, C, D, E, Y d. F,H, X, Y, E

29. As reflected in the plane mirror the image formed by the hands of the clock shows that
the time is 3:30. What is the actual time?
a. 3:30 c. 9:30
c. 8:30 d. 10:30

30. How big is the classroom as it to appear if the entire two adjacent walls of your
classroom consist of plane mirrors?
a. 4x larger c. 2x larger
b. 3x larger d. can’t be determined

Answers:

1. B 21. B
2. D 22. D
3. A 23. A
4. B 24. B

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5. C 25. C
6. C 26. A
7. C 27. B
8. B 28. A
9. D 29. C
10.D 30. A
11.D
12. B
13. B
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. A
19. B
20. A

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School Grade Level 10
Teacher Learning Area Science
Time & Date Week 7, Day 2 Quarter 2

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of the images
Standard formed by the different types of mirrors and lenses.
B. Performance
Standard
C. Learning The learner should be able to predict the qualitative
Competencie characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images
s / Objectives formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses.
S10FE-IIg-50

Specific Objectives:
50.1 State the Law of Reflection
50. 2. Compare the actual height, width and the distance from
the mirror of the object with that of the image formed by plane
mirror.
50.3 Describe images formed by plane mirror.
II. CONTENT LIGHT: Reflection of light in Mirrors
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teachers 136-141
Guide pages
2. Learners Science Learner’s Material 10
Materials 173-179
pages
3. Textbook
pages
4. Additional EASE Physics (Module 3, The Nature and Properties of Light )
materials pp 11 – 12.
from Learning
Resource
(LR) portal
B. Other You and the Natural World Physics by Delia Cordero-Navaza
Learning and Bienvenido J. Valdez pp. 412-413
Resources
IV. PROCEDURE A B
ELICIT Ask the student to stand in front of a plane mirror.

Ask the following questions:

1. Is the size of your image exactly the same of the size in front
of a plane mirror? Why
Yes, the same.

2. Where is the image located?

It appears to be at the back of the mirror.

ENGAGE Prepare the following materials:

large flat mirror

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 star sheet
stiff blank paper and a pencil.

Ask volunteers to perform the task in front of the class.

Let one student hold the mirror vertically on the table as shown in
Figure 1.
Another two students to place the piece of blank paper between
the student’s eyes so that the student can see the image of the
star in the mirror but not on paper and another student to trace
the star by just looking at the mirror.

Illustrated by Ronald Llorin

Figure 1: Set-up in tracing star by just looking at the mirror.

1. What kind of image was formed after tracing the reflected

image?

Virtual Image

2. Why was the task more difficult than you thought it might be?

It is difficult because you are looking at the reflected image.

EXPLORE Divide the class into 6 groups and let them perform Activity 1:
“Mirror, mirror, on the wall” found in LM 10 pages 173-174
and Activity 2: “Angle of Incidence vs Angle of Reflection”
pg. 176-177.

Let the first 3 groups perform Activity 1 and the remaining groups
will perform Activity 2.

Let them perform their respective activities in 20-30 minutes.

Note:
Remind the students to handle the mirror with care because
some mirrors have sharp edges.

Guide Questions (Activity 1)

1. Refer to Table1; compare the distance (number of parallel

lines) from the mirror of the object with that of the image.

The distance (as indicated by the number of parallel lines) of

the object from the mirror is the same as
The distance of the image from the mirror.

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 2. How to compare height and width of the object with the height
and width of the image on the mirror?

The height and the width of the object is the same as the
height and width of the image as seen from the plane mirror.

Guide Questions (Activity 2)

1. How does the angle of incidence compare with the angle of
reflection?
- The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

2. A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around or

through an obstacle. Explain how light travels in a periscope.
- Light enters the periscope and reflected at an equal angle
and again reflected by another mirror. The diagram of the
light ray entering and leaving the periscope is shown below.

3. Diagram the light rays as these pass through the periscope.

Picture taken from TG pg. 139

Figure1. Ray of light entering and leaving the periscope.

EXPLAIN The students will present their output in the class.

ELABORATE Key concepts will be discussed by the teacher:

Reflection is the bouncing of light when it hits a surface.

The law of reflection of light states that the angle of incidence
and the angle of reflection are equal.

In symbols:
I = r

The other law of reflection states that

“The normal line, incident ray, and the reflected ray lie on the
same plane.”

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Figure 2:
Taken from the EASE Physics, Module 3 pg. 6

The image formed by a plane mirror is always upright, virtual,

same size and laterally inverse.

Types of reflection
a. Specular/Regular Reflection.
This is a reflection of light on smooth surfaces such as mirrors or
a calm body of water. An example is the image of the coconut
trees on a calm water in Figure 2.

Photo Credit: Raquel Togores,6/22/2019

Figure 2. Specular/ Regular reflection. Coconut trees and its reflection
on calm water.

b. Diffused/Irregular Reflection.
This is a reflection of light on rough surfaces such as clothing,
paper, wavy water, and asphalt roadway. An example of this is
the image of coconut trees on a wavy body of water as shown in
Figure 3.

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 Photo Credit: Raquel Togores/ 6/22/2019
Figure 3. Diffused/Irregular Reflection. Coconut trees and its reflection
in wavy water

In plane mirrors, the image appears to be behind the mirror, so

the image is virtual.

In plane mirror the object distance, do is equal and the image

distance, di (do = di).

The height of the image, h’ in the plane mirrors is always the

same as the height of the object, h thus its magnification, M is 1.

Magnification formula is written

EVALUATE Answer the following questions.

1. A ray of light is reflected from a plane mirror. The angle of
incidence is 200 . The angle between the incident and the
reflected ray is
a. 10O
c. 300
b. 200
d. 400

For number 2 to 5, refer to the figure on the next page.

2. The incident ray on the reflecting surface is

a. AB c. DF
b. CF d. EF

3. The reflected ray on the reflecting surface is

a. AF c. CF
b. BF d. FE

4. The normal drawn from the point of incidence is

a. BF c. DF
b. CF d. AF

5. The angle of incidence is

a. CFD c. DFE
b. AFC d. BFE

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 6.The image in a plane mirror is always
a. erect but reversed.
b. inverted and reversed.
c. erect but not reversed.
d. inverted but not reversed

7. When light hits a smooth surface, it is

a. bent around corners
b. reflected
c. polarized
d. refracted

8. If the height of the object is said to be 1.5 m then what would

be the size of its image on a plane mirror?

1.5 m.

9. What kind of image is formed by a plane mirror?

Virtual Image

10. Why is the value of di becomes negative in mirror

magnification formula?

Because the image formed is virtual.

EXTEND The students will activity number 3 at home
Please refer to LM pages 177- 178.
List down uses of plane mirrors at home, offices and stores.

REMARKS
REFLECTION

84
School Grade Level 10
Teacher Learning Area Science
Time & Date Week 7, Day 3 Quarter 2

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of the images formed
Standard by the different types of mirrors.

B. Performance [not found in the CG]

Standard
C. Learning The learners should be able to predict the qualitative
Competencie characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images
s / Objectives formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses.
(S10FE – IIg – 50)
II. CONTENT
LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES
Subtopic: Reflection of Light in Curved Mirrors

A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide 145-147
pages
2. Learner’s 185-189
Material pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning 2 pcs. metal ladles, colored pencil/pen, ruler, printout of task
Resources sheets, pentel pen, manila paper.
III. PROCEDURE A B
ELICIT
Recall of the previous lesson: Recall of the previous lesson:

1. What is a curved mirror? 1. What is a curved mirror?

(Ans. A curved mirror (Ans. A curved mirror

is a reflecting surface is a reflecting surface
in which its surface is in which its surface is a
a section of sphere.) section of sphere.)

2. What are the two kinds of 2. What are the two kinds
curved mirror? of curved mirror?

(Ans. The two kinds (Ans. The two kinds

of curved mirror are: of mirror are: the
the concave mirror
concave mirror and
and the convex
mirror.) the convex mirror.)

ENGAGE Look at yourselves in front of the two sides of a metal ladle.

a. What did you see on the two sides of the metal ladle?

85
 (Ans. I saw myself on both sides of the metal ladle.)

b. What did you notice about your image on each of the two
sides of the metal ladle? Describe it.

(Ans. I see myself to be different in size and position in

each side of the metal ladle.)

c. How will you compare your image from the two sides of the
metal ladle?

(Ans. My image in the inner side of the metal ladle is

enlarged and inverted at a particular distance, while my
image in the outer side of the metal ladle is reduced and
upright at a certain distance.)

 What you have seen in the metal ladle is a reflection of

yourself on curved mirror.

A metal ladle is a kind of curved mirror with both concave

and convex surfaces.
EXPLORE 1. Divide the class into 4 1. Divide the class into 4
groups. groups.

2. Using task sheet (see 2. Using task sheet (see

attached), pencil, colored attached), pencil,
pencils/pen, pentel pen, colored pencils/pen,
manila paper and ruler, pentel pen, manila
each group will draw the paper and ruler, each
ray diagram following the group will draw the ray
‘Four Principal Rays’ in diagram following the
Curved Mirrors.(see LM ‘Four Principal Rays’ in
pages 185-186.) Curved Mirrors.(see
LM pages 185-186.)
3. Answer the guide
questions and write it in a 3. Answer the guide
manila paper. questions and write it in
a manila paper.

Guide Question: Guide Question:

1. Where did the incident 1. Where did the incident

ray come from and where ray come from and
did it reflect? Both in a where did it reflect?
concave mirror and in a Both in a concave
convex mirror. mirror and in a convex
mirror.
I. Concave Mirror
(Converging Mirror) I. Concave Mirror
(Converging
(Ans. P-F ray - Incident ray Mirror)
from the object parallel to the

86
 principal axis is reflected (Ans. P-F ray - Incident ray
through the principal focus F. from the object parallel to
F-P ray - Incident ray the principal axis is
from the object passing reflected through the
through the focus, F is principal focus F.
reflected parallel to the F-P ray - Incident ray
principal axis. from the object passing
C-C ray - Incident ray through the focus, F is
from the object passing reflected parallel to the
through the center of principal axis.
curvature, C reflect back C-C ray - Incident ray
along its path. from the object passing
V ray - Incident ray through the center of
from the object directed to the curvature, C reflect back
vertex, V reflects at equal along its path.
angle from the principal axis. V ray - Incident ray
from the object directed to
II. Convex Mirror the vertex, V reflects at
(Diverging Mirror) equal angle from the
principal axis.
(Ans. P-F ray- Incident ray
from the object parallel to the II. Convex Mirror
principal axis is reflected as if (Diverging Mirror)
passing through the principal
focus F. (Ans. P-F ray- Incident ray
F-P ray- Incident ray from the object parallel to
from the object directed the principal axis is
towards the focus, F is reflected as if passing
reflected parallel to the through the principal focus
principal axis. F.
C-C ray - Incident ray F-P ray- Incident ray
from the object directed from the object directed
towards the center of towards the focus, F is
curvature, C reflects back reflected parallel to the
along its own path. principal axis.
V ray - Incident ray C-C ray - Incident ray
from the object directed to the from the object directed
vertex, V reflects at equal towards the center of
angle from the principal axis. curvature, C reflects back
along its own path.
V ray - Incident ray
from the object directed to
the vertex, V reflects at
equal angle from the
principal axis.

EXPLAIN Presentation of group outputs.

EXPLAIN There will be a discussion on: There will be a discussion on:

1. Three important points to be 5. Three important points to

considered in locating the be considered in locating
image formed in curved the image formed in
mirrors graphically (LM, curved mirrors graphically

87
 page 184); (LM, page 184);

 Center of Curvature, C  Center of Curvature, C

 Vertex, V  Vertex, V
 Focal Point/Focus, F  Focal Point/Focus, F

2. The ‘Four Principal Rays’ in 6. The ‘Four Principal Rays’

determining the position and in determining the position
nature of the image of an and nature of the image of
object formed by concave an object formed by
mirror and convex mirror. concave mirror and
(LM, pages 185-187) : convex mirror. (LM, pages
185-187) :
3. How are light rays reflected
in a concave mirror and in a 7. How are light rays reflected
convex mirror. in a concave mirror and in
a convex mirror.
Example
When the object is further from Example
C, the image is between C & F, When the object is further from
inverted, reduced and real. C, the image is between C &
F, inverted, reduced and real.
 In a convex mirror, the
image formed is always  In a convex mirror, the
located between F and V, image formed is always
upright, reduced and located between F and
virtual in all object’s V, upright, reduced and
location. virtual in all object’s
location.
4. Type of image formed in
concave mirrors. 8. Type of image formed in
concave mirrors.

Concave Mirror: Concave Mirror:

 As the object comes  As the object comes
nearer the concave nearer the concave
mirror, its image appears mirror, its image
farther away from the appears farther away
mirrors and becomes from the mirrors and
larger and inverted; becomes larger and
inverted;
 As it comes closer to the
surface of the concave  As it comes closer to
mirror (between F and the surface of the
V), the image appears concave mirror
upright and becomes (between F and V), the
virtual. image appears upright
and becomes virtual.
Convex Mirror
 For all locations of Convex Mirror
object in front of a For all locations of object in
convex mirror, the front of a convex mirror, the
image formed is image formed is always
always upright, upright, reduced, virtual, and
reduced, virtual, and located between F and V.

88
 located between F
and V.
EVALUATE Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the center of the sphere of which the mirror is part.

a. Vertex
b. Center of curvature
c. Focal point
d. Focal length

2. It is one of the four principal rays where a ray of light

parallel to the principal axis is reflected passing through
the principal focus, F.
a. P-F ray
b. F-P ray
c. C-C ray
d. V ray

3. One of the four principal rays where a ray of light parallel

to the principal axis is reflected as if passing through the
principal focus F.

a. V ray
b. C-C ray
c. P-F ray
d. F-P ray

4. What is the orientation of image when the object in a

concave mirror is further from C?
a. Upright
b. Inverted
c. Upside down
d. Reversed

5. What is the image’s location when the object in a convex

mirror is further from C?
a. Between C and F
b. At C
c. Beyond C
d. Between V and F

(Ans. 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.b 5.a )

EXTEND Perform Activity 6: Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection? (LM pages
187-189).
REMARKS

REFLECTION

89
 Grade Level 10
Learning Area Science
Week 7, Day 4 Quarter 2

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of the images formed
Standard by the different types of mirrors and lenses
B. Performance
Standard
C. Learning 5. Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing the
Competencies / characteristics and positions of images formed by lenses.
Objectives Code: S10FE-IIg-51
II. CONTENT Light (Refraction of Light in Lenses)
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Pages 150-155
Guide
2. Learner’s Pages 194-202
Materials
3. Textbook
4. Additional
Materials
from
Learning
Resource
(LR) Portal
B. Other
Learning
Resources
IV. PROCEDURE Advance Learners Average Learners
Elicit What happens to light when it enters a transparent material?

 Light bends when it enters a transparent material.

How does light bends in a convex lens? In a concave lens?

 Light rays converge in a convex lens while light rays

diverge in a concave lens.

At what point in the lens do light rays converge?

 At the focal point.

Engage The teacher will demonstrate how to locate the focal length of the
convex lens. Afterwards, the class will be grouped into five to
perform Activity 7 found on Science 10 Learners’ Material page
195.

Guide Questions:
1. What is the focal length of the lens?

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  Answers depend on the lens used.

2. How would you describe the image formed if a distant

object is used?

 When objects are at a distance, the image formed is

inverted.

3. What kind of lens is used in magnifying glasses?

 Convex lens

4. With respect to the lens, where should be the location of the

object for a magnifying glass to produce a sharp clear
image?

To produce a clear and upright image, the object should be

located between the lens’ focal point and its vertex.
EXPLORE The groupings for the previous activity will be used in performing
Activity 8 – “Are You L-O-S-T After Refraction”? found on
Science 10 Learners’ Material pages 200-203.

Guide questions:
1. How does the image change in size and location, as the
object comes nearer the convex lens? Concave lens?

 In a convex lens, as the object becomes nearer, the

image appears farther and bigger. When the object is
between the lens’ focal point and vertex, the image
appears upright and becomes virtual.

 In a concave lens, all locations of the object in front

of it, the image formed is always upright, smaller,
virtual, and located between focal point and vertex.

2. What does the intersection of the refracted rays represent in

the image?

 The point where refracted light rays intersect in the

activity represents the tip of the image formed.

3. What happens to the incident light ray passing through the

optical center of the lens?

 The light rays that enters the lens passing through

the optical center did not bended as it goes through
the lens.

4. Where there instances when there is no image formed in the

lens? Why?

 Yes. When the object is located at the focal point of

the convex lens.

5. Why is it impossible for a concave lens to form a real image?

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  A concave lens cannot form a real image because the
image is formed only by extending the divergent
refracted rays behind the lens.

EXPLAIN The students will present their outputs.

ELABORATE The teacher will discuss the following concepts:

 Images formed based on the different positions of the object

in front of convex and concave lenses.

 Characteristics of image formed convex and concave lenses

in terms of its location, orientation, size, and type.

 Identify convex and concave lenses that are used in practical

and everyday applications.
EVALUATE Short Quiz. Short Quiz.
Tell whether an image will be Write TRUE if the statement is
formed in the following correct and FALSE if the
situations by checking (/) or statement is incorrect.
putting (x) before the number.
1. An incident light ray
1. Object is beyond 2F of a passing through the
convex lens. focus of the lens will
refract parallel to its
2. Object is at 2F of a principal axis.
convex lens.
2. An incident light ray
3. Object is between 2F parallel to the principal
and F of a convex lens. axis will bend towards
the focus of the lens.
4. Object is at F of a convex
lens. 3. A light ray passing
through the optical
5. Object is between F and center of the lens will
the convex lens. not be refracted.

6. Object is near the 4. The intersection of the

concave lens. refracted rays
represents the tip of the
7. Object is very near the image of the object.
convex lens.
5. When the object is at
8. Object is far from the the focus of a convex
concave lens. lens, no image will be
formed.
9. Object is very far from
the concave lens.

10. Object is at F of a
concave lens.
EXTEND Explain visual defects in human Differentiate myopia and
eyes and how it can be hyperopia.

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 corrected.
REMARKS
REFLECTION

93