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Page 1 of 15 Vincent Balentino T. Batadlan Rcrim
Page 1 of 15 Vincent Balentino T. Batadlan Rcrim
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ABET – encouraging or inciting a crime; abet usually applies to aiding an individual in the violation
of a law.
ACCESSORY – person who has knowledge of a law violation which has been committed and
assists the perpetrator to avoid arrest, trial, or punishment.
- One who aids or contributes in an unlawful act, either before, during or after, in a
subordinate or secondary capacity.
ACCOMPLICE – person who is equally responsible for an offense considered a violation of a law.
ACCUSE – to formally charge or declare another person of being guilty of a punishable offense.
Other than at the alleged scene at the offense with which he is charged.
- A statement or defense attempting to prove that a suspect charged with a crime could not
have committed that crime.
ALIEN– foreigner: a foreign –born resident of this country who has not become a naturalized
citizen.
ALLIGATOR PATTERN – a pattern of deep cracking on the surface of a material that has been
burned which could point to the point origin of the fire: appearance of charred wood that is
similar to the alligator skin
- Large rolling blisters indicates rapid intense heat, while small flat patterns indicate low
heat: the probable point of origin is normally where both the VS in the pattern and the
deep charring are found.
ALLEGATION – assertion without proof but which its advocate proposes to support with evidence.
AMICUS CURIAE - friend of the courts: usually an attorney who volunteers to assist the court in
whatever manner deemed necessary
AMPHITAMINES- stimulants
ANARCHIST – person who proposes the over-throw of the government by creating disorder and
violence.
ANIMUS FURANDI – fully intending to commit a theft (state of mind at the time the theft is
committed)
ANNUL – invalidate void and cancel
- Commonly used in annulment of marriage
ANONYMOUS – no name known or acknowledged: unsigned letter, note, etc.
ANTE LITEM MOTAM– before the institution of the action or commencement of litigation.
(see Gravador vs. Maniego, 21 July 1967, 20 SCRA 747)
ANTHROPOMETRY – a system of criminal identification developed by Alphonse Bertillon which was
based on 11 measurements of the human body frame.
- Having to do with the measurement of the human body to determine differences in races:
comparison with corresponding measurement or other individual.
APPEAL – a request that a case removed from lower court to higher court.
APPELLATE – relating to appeals; person who appeals to a higher court; appeal from the decision
of a lower court to a higher court.
APPELLATE COURT – court that has the power to review appeals from another jurisdiction of the
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FACSIMILE – Exact copy of the original
FALSE ARREST – unlawful physical restraint upon an individual of another’s liberty; such
restrictions could occur in prisons, jails, or other maximum security facilities.
FELONY – a crime more serious than a misdemeanor, generally punishable by incarceration in a
state confinement facility for at least one year.
FELONIOUS – malicious intent to commit a crime; an element here is INTENT.
FENCE – a buyer or seller of stolen property.
FETISHISM – a sexual perversion involving an inanimate object, specific body part; as the sole
stimulator for sexual gratification.
FINAL JUDGEMENT – a judgment which is not subject to appeal because of a statutory
determination or because the time for appeal has expired; a judgment of the highest court in any
jurisdiction; a judgment which ends the legal preceding by resolving the controversy.
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION – a file-and-retrieval system in which various numbers and letters
are assigned to fingerprints in a multi step process.
FORENSIC – pertaining to the courts.
author or owner. It implies that the act committed has been freely and consciously done and may
therefore, be out down to the doer as his very own.
IN – DEPTH – INVESTIGATION – a phase of the criminal investigation that follows up initial loads
developed during the preliminary investigation and opens up new areas of inquiry.
INDUCTIVE REASONING – a thinking process in which conclusion is reached only after all
particular facts are gathered.
INFORMATION
1. Legal definition -: it is the accusation in writing charging a person with an offense
subscribed by the prosecutor and filed with the court (Rule 110. RRC .
2. In law. It exclusively refers to as accusation of criminal offense by a public officer such as
the prosecutor or a competent public officer on his oath or office.
3. It may refer to the processed data or set of related facts gathered by the investigator from
persons, files or records: or the knowledge acquired by the criminal investigator from
various sources.
INJUNCTION – writ or order from a court prohibiting a person or a group from carrying out a
given action, or ordering a given action.
INTTELLIGENCE – as an operation, it refers to the secret or clandestine collection and evaluation
of information about crimes and criminals not normally available to investigators through
ordinary / normal over sources.
- A law enforcement function concerned with gathering, evaluating, and disseminating
data related to criminal activity.
INTENT – the state of mind of the criminal in formulating a design or a resolve to do a particular
act.
- A communication involving 2 or more people, for the purpose of obtaining information.
IODINE FUMING – a technique in which crystals of iodine are exposed to heat source for the
purpose of revealing latent fingerprints.
INVESTIGATION – an inquiry or close examination.
- The process of making a careful study of a case or situation in order to discover the
facts about it. It primarily involves the exploration, observation, collection, analysis, and
evaluation of all data or raw facts in order to develop or produce an information that
will serve as a set of conclusion on the case or thing being studied.
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JUDICIAL – any act done under direction of a court: involving the exercise of judgment.
JUDICAL ADMISSION – statements made by a party involving the exercising of judgment.
JURIDICAL NOTICE - the power of the court to accept as proved certain notorious facts.
JURISPRUDENCE – science or philosophy of law or system of laws; a part or division of a law.
JURIST – expert in law; scholar or writer in the field of law.
JUS SANGUINIS – the principle that the nationality is the same as his parents.
JUS SOLI – the principle that nationality is determined by the placed of birth.
JUST CAUSE – legitimate cause.
JUST COMPENSATION – compensation paid to one whose property has been taken in
condemnation proceedings.
JUSTIFICATION – valid defense for the performance or non-performance of an act.
JUST UTENDI – the right to use a thing.
- A method of criminal identification in which the head and facial features are described
in a detailed manner.
POST MORTEM LIVIDITY – LIVOR MORTIS – dark blue or purple discoloration of the body where
blood has drained to the lowest part of the body after death.
POWER OF ATTORNEY – formal instrument (legal document) by which an agent is appointed.
PREMEDITATION – a degree of planning or preparation which shows that there is evil intent to
commit a criminal act
- Intentional, deliberate
PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE – greater weight of or more credible evidence.
PREROGATIVE – an exclusive privilege.
PRIMA FACIE – from the first disclosure or at first sight: “we will put on a prima facie case”:
-at first sight: a fact presumed true unless proven otherwise.
PRIMA FACIE CASE - case supported by sufficient evidence to justify a favorable verdict unless
contradicted by other evidence.
PRIMA-FACIE EVIDENCE – evidence which, standing alone unexplained or contradicted is
sufficient to maintain the proposition affirmed.
- It is such as, in the judgment of law, is sufficient to establish the facts, and if not
rebutted, it remains sufficient for that purpose.
PRINCIPAL the one who actually commits a crime.
PROBABLE CAUSE – reasonable ground to believe that suspect is guilty of an offense above more
suspicion.
- the existence of such facts and circumstances as would excite the belief in reasonable mind,
acting on the facts within the knowledge of the judge, that the person charged is guilty of the
crime of which he is prosecuted.
- Such facts and circumstances antecedent of the issuance of a warrant is sought to be issued has
performed particular acts, or committed specific omissions, violating a given provision of our
criminal laws.
Note: Only judge can determine the existence of the probable for the issuance of a warrant of
arrest or search warrant, and he must so determined personally.
PROSECUTE – to act or take legal proceedings against a person or a group of person for a crime
that is being or has been investigated.
- To carry on or conduct the legal procedures of bringing an offender to justice.
PROSECUTION – it may refer to the party who is prosecuting the criminal case; or it may refer to
the process of taking or conducting legal proceeding for the purpose of determining the guilt or
innocence of a person charged for committing a crime.
PSYCHOPATH – a mentally ill or unstable person who is often feel inadequate. Psychopaths are
immature, lacking in social responsibility, and often seeking immediate personal gratification in
criminal acts.
PSYCHOTIC – an individual suffering from a severe mental illness who has lost touch with reality.
PYROMANIA – morbid/ gruesome desire to burn a property (real).
PYROMANIAC – a person who sets properties pon fire due to compulsive mental illness.
- Pyromaniacs commit arson to satisfy sexual or other impulses; they usually do not seek
any indemnity or material gain.
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SURVEILLANCE – the disguised or secret observation of places, persons, things, and vehicles for
the purpose of obtaining information concerning identities and/or activities of suspected criminals.
SWORN STATEMENT – a written statement, usually o a suspect, that is made under oath or
affirmation before the prosecutor or another person authorized to administer path on affirmation.
SYMPHATIZE – to share with another person’s emotions; to feel or express compassion.
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TACTICAL INTELIGENCE – information that serves current investigation
TIGHT TAILING – moving surveillance where the subject is kept constantly in view: also called as
close tail
TORT – wrongful act, injury, or damage (not involving a breach of contract) for which a civil
action can be brought.
TOXICOLLOGY – the study of poisons; a science used in case of food poisoning.
TRACE EVIDENCE – extremely small physical matters that can be used to tracj suspected persons.
TRIAL – act or process of trying, or putting proof
- A formal and legal examination of the facts by a court of law to decide the validity of a
claim.
TRUE SCENE – a crime scene where no evidence has been introduced o removed except by the
person/s committing the crime
- Also called an UNCONTAMINATED SCENE
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VIOLET LIGHT – the invisible energy at the violet end of the color/electromagnetic spectrum that
causes substances emit visible light, commonly called fluorescence; light used to detect secret
inks, invisible laundry marks seminal stains, marked money, or extortion packages.
UNCONTAMINATED SCENE – see TRUE SCENE
UNDERCOVER – using an assumed/fictional identity to obtain information and/or evidence.
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VENUE – specific [lace in which a case is tried – “the court has jurisdiction of the case”
- The locality in which the cause of action occurs or where the crime is committed and
the locality in which a jury is drawn and the case is tried.
- It is that part of a declaration in an action that designate th country in which the trial is
to occur.
VICTIM – the offended party
VICTIM COMPENSATION – financial assistance given to victims, especially those victimized by
crimes against persons.
VICTIMLESS CRIMES – offences connected with gambling, drinking, prostitution, abortion, drug
addiction, attempted suicide, crimes between consenting adult such adultery and concubinage.
VICTIMOLOGY – a term coined in 1947 by Benjamin Mendelshon a French lawyer; he joined the
Latin words VICTIMA and LOGOS.
- It is basically a study of crime from the point of vieof the victim, of the persons
suffering from injury or destruction by the action of another persons or a group of
persons.
VOICE PRINT – graphic record of an individual’s voice characteristics made by a sound
spectrograph that records energy patterns emitted by speech.
VICE STRESS EVALUATOR – a device that monitors the vocal quality of an individual, producing a