A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 10: Panpacific University Urdaneta City, Pangasinan School of Basic Education

PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

SCHOOL OF BASIC EDUCATION
A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 10

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
a. describe the structure of the DNA molecule;
b. differentiate DNA from RNA;
c. explain the process of DNA replication; and
d. create a DNA ladder.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
a. TOPIC
DNA Structure and Replication
b. REFERENCES
Science 10; Bautista, Ferdinand S. et. al.;2015; Vicarish Publication and Trading,
Inc.; pp. 182-184
c. MATERIALS
Visual aids
d. VALUES INTEGRATION
Inquisitive mind and cooperation during the teaching-learning process
e. TEACHING STRATEGY
Lecture-Discussion Method, Inquiry Approach
III. PROCEDURE
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. ROUTINARY ACTIVITIES
a. Prayer
Let us pray first. Please lead the (One student will lead the prayer)
prayer.
b. Greetings
Good Afternoon, Class!!! Good Afternoon, Sir!!!
c. Checking of attendance
Who are absent today? None, Sir.
I am glad to hear that no one is absent

today.
B. MOTIVATION
Before we proceed to our lesson for this
day, let’s have first an activity. I will (Students count)
divide your class into 4 groups. Please
count, 1-4. Let’s start here.
(The teacher pinpoints the place of

Nathalia)
All groups please find your place. (Groups proceed to their assigned chair)
This activity is entitled “Word
Formation”. This activity will test your
cooperation and coordination as a group
and your speed to create a word.
INSTRUCTION:
Create word/s that answers my questions.
Clues will be given if the groups don’t
know the answer. There are 5 questions
and each question is equivalent to 1 point. Yes, Sir.
Are you ready?
(The teacher asks questions) (All groups try to create a word)

C. LESSON PROPER
Humans are very unique from each other; (Few students raise their hands)
no humans are exactly the same, No
siblings share the same identity. Even (Student answers)
twins are different from each other. What Sir, the reason behind the uniqueness of an
do you think is the reason behind the individual is their DNA.
uniqueness of an individual?
(The teacher pinpoints one student)
We cannot hide secrets when DNA is Sir, DNA is a molecule encoding the genetic
involved. Everything about an individual instruction used in the development and
is encoded in every strand, even the functioning of all known living organisms.
tiniest details. What do you think is
DNA?
Exactly! DNA is considered to be the

“Blueprint of Life” because it serves as
an informational code that directs the
development function of cells and
organisms. Based on your library work, Sir, the sugar present in DNA is called
what is the sugar present in DNA? deoxyribose.
Very Good! The building blocks of DNA

are the nucleotides. They contain 8-
carbon sugar, nitrogenous bases, and
phosphate group. In 1952, through the
use of X-ray, crystallographer Rosalinda
Franklin described the structure of DNA.
Her work on the X-ray diffraction images
of DNA led to the discovery of DNA
double helix. A year later, in 1953, James
Watson and Francis Crick made the
structure of DNA. On the other hand,
DNA has 4 nitrogenous bases namely-
adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA is a polymeric molecule essential in
On the other hand, we also have RNA or various biological roles in coding, decoding,
ribonucleic acid. What is RNA? regulation and expression of genes.
Very Good! How does RNA differ from Sir, in terms of their sugar, RNA has ribose
DNA? sugar while DNA has deoxyribose sugar.
Exactly! How about their structure? Sir, RNA has single-stranded structure while
DNA has double-helix structure.
Correct! What is their difference in terms RNA has 4 nitrogenous bases namely-
of their bases? adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and
uracil (U) while in DNA, uracil (U) is
replaced by thymine (T).
We will go further with the importance of

RNA in the coding of DNA next meeting
as we tackle the protein synthesis. Let’s
go back to DNA. The nitrogenous bases
of DNA are divided into two groups
based on their parent compound, purine
and pyrimidine. Under purine, we have
adenine and guanine while in pyrimidine,
we have cytosine and thymine. The
structure of DNA leads itself easily to the Sir, DNA replication is the process by which
DNA replication. What is DNA the DNA produces a copy of itself when cell
replication? divides.
During replication, the strands of DNA

separate and each serves as a template for
a new strand. Thus, the original DNA
molecule forms two DNA molecules. Sir, the process is called semiconservative
This process is called semiconservative replication because each DNA molecules
replication. Why did we call this process formed contains one strand from the parent
semiconservative? DNA and one new strand.
Very Good! DNA Replication has few

steps that we should follow in order for
us to understand it clearly. The first step
is the unwinding or unzipping of the
DNA helix in order to expose the bases
on each strand. However, DNA does not
unzip entirely. It unzips in a small area (Students listen)
called a replication fork, which then
moves down the entire length of the
molecule. Unwinding breaks the
hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands
of the double helix together. DNA gyrase
is the enzyme that makes a cut in the
bond of the double helix on each side.
Afterwards, the enzyme helicase helps
unwind the double-stranded DNA, this is
followed by single strand binding
proteins that bind on each side to keep the
strands separated. New nucleotides are
added to each strand by the help of the
enzyme, DNA polymerase. The free
nucleotides, on the other hand, are paired
with the correct complementary bases A-
T, C-G. DNA polymerase subunits check
if the binding is correct and no alterations
take place. The fragments are then
resealed by the enzyme called DNA
ligase in a long continuous strand. The
newly formed strand will repeat the
process.
Do you have any questions or None, Sir.
clarifications?
D. APPLICATION
Students will create a DNA Ladder.
Class, you may now go to your pairs and

bring out your materials. I want you to
make your DNA ladder. The phosphate (Students listen)
should be color orange, and the
deoxyribose should be color green. It’s
up to you on what color you will use in
the bases of your DNA ladder.
You may now start doing your activity. (Students start to do their activity)
E. GENERALIZATION
(The teacher will ask some questions
regarding their topic for the day in order to
see if the students really understand it
clearly.)
What is DNA? Sir, DNA is a molecule encoding the genetic
instructions used in the development and
functioning of all known living organisms.
What is the sugar present in DNA? Sir, we have deoxyribose.
How will you describe the structure of DNA? Sir, DNA structure is double-stranded or
double-helix
Very Good!! What are the nitrogenous bases Sir, we have adenine (A), thymine (T),
of DNA? cytosine (C) and guanine (G).
Lastly, what is DNA replication? Sir, DNA replication is the process by which
DNA makes a copy of itself during cell
division.
Very Good! I hope that you really understand

our topic. Do you have any questions and None, Sir.
clarifications?
IV. EVALUATION
A. Identify what is being asked in each Answer Key:

number. Write your answer in the space A.
provided before the number. 1. deoxyribose
________1. It is the sugar found in 2. Rosalinda Franklin
DNA. 3. Unzipping or Unwinding of DNA helix
________2. She is a crystallographer 4. Thymine
who described the 5. Semiconservative replication
structure of DNA. B.
________3. It is the first step in the 1-2.
process of DNA  James Watson
replication.  Francis Crick
________4. It is a nitrogenous base that 3-6.
replaces uracil.  Adenine
________5. Other term for DNA  Guanine
replication.  Cytosine
B. ENUMERATION  Thymine
1-2. Persons who Made the structure of 7-10.
DNA  Adenine
3-6. Nitrogenous Bases (DNA)  Guanine
7-10. Nitrogenous Bases (RNA)  Cytosine
 Uracil
C.
C. Complete the table. DNA RNA
DNA RNA Bases A, G, C, T A, G, C,U
Bases Sugar deoxyribose ribose
Sugar Structure Double Single
Structure helix stranded
V. ASSIGNMENT
Apply the process of DNA Replication. (The students copy assignment)
Write your answers in your notebook.
A-T
G-C
C-G
T-A
A-T
C-G
G-C
G-C
C-G
T-A
A-T
A-T
T-A
Are you done copying? Yes, Sir.
That’s all for today. Good Bye, Grade 10!!! Good Bye Sir!!!
Prepared by:
KING JHAMIL MAMERTO ORPIANO

Biological Science Student Teacher
Submitted to:
MS. MONICA L. RIVERA

Science Teacher, SBE

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 10: Panpacific University Urdaneta City, Pangasinan School of Basic Education

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PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 10

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Good Afternoon, Class!!! Good Afternoon, Sir!!!

I am glad to hear that no one is absent

(The teacher pinpoints the place of

(The teacher asks questions) (All groups try to create a word)

Exactly! DNA is considered to be the

Very Good! The building blocks of DNA

We will go further with the importance of

During replication, the strands of DNA

Very Good! DNA Replication has few

Class, you may now go to your pairs and

What is the sugar present in DNA? Sir, we have deoxyribose.

Very Good! I hope that you really understand

A. Identify what is being asked in each Answer Key:

Are you done copying? Yes, Sir.

KING JHAMIL MAMERTO ORPIANO

MS. MONICA L. RIVERA

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