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Table of Contents
Title of the Project...........................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
2. Background of the Study.............................................................................................................3
3. Rationale for the Research...........................................................................................................3
4. Research Questions......................................................................................................................3
5. Research Aims and Objectives....................................................................................................4
6. Research Methodology................................................................................................................4
6.1 Quantitative and qualitative strategy.....................................................................................4
6.2 Sources of Data......................................................................................................................4
6.3 Primary and Secondary Research Method.............................................................................5
6.4 Population and Sampling.......................................................................................................6
6.5 Analytical Tools.....................................................................................................................6
6.6 Advantages and Limitations of Research Method.................................................................6
6.7 Expected Outcomes...............................................................................................................7
7. Literature Review........................................................................................................................8
8. Findings and Analysis..................................................................................................................9
8.1 Questionnaires.......................................................................................................................9
8.2 Findings...............................................................................................................................10
8.3 Overview of the Findings....................................................................................................16
9. Conclusion, Evaluation and Recommendations........................................................................17
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................17
Evaluation..................................................................................................................................17
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................18
10. References................................................................................................................................19
11. Appendix..................................................................................................................................20
Title of the Project
Preventive Medicine and Healthy Living for Senior Citizens: United Kingdom Perspective.
1. Introduction
Recently, the awareness among the senior citizens have increased about their health issues. They
are more aware of healthy living and taking preventive medicines for disease. But there are some
factors creating hindrance to their healthy living. Some senior citizens face financial problem,
some face the difficulty of being isolated, some had a problem when they were young. These
several factors are creating a problem in their senior age. Several research studies already have
been conducted to identify the problems and create a solution for this problem in UK. In this
article, the demographics and health perspectives of the senior citizens have been discussed and
also the current trends in this concern. Suggestions for the necessary changes are also provided at
the later part of the article.
4. Research Questions
The research questions are-
1. What is the future possible scenario of the health care condition for the senior citizens in
UK?
2. What are the potential hindrances to the progression of preventive care?
3. How the medical facilities can advance for the elderly people in UK?
6. Research Methodology
6.1 Quantitative and qualitative strategy
There are mainly types of strategies when trying to conduct a research. These are: Qualitative
strategy and Quantitative strategy. The article introduces to both type of strategies.
Qualitative strategy refers to the theories and numerical data, information in that certain topic.
With this strategy, the data and information are provided and presented in a theoretical manner.
The strategy is best for doing any kind of short research. With this strategy, the researchers can
develop more in depth information in the problem and can develop better solution options.
Because of the theoretical information and techniques, trend and motives can easily be identified.
Quantitative research is more based on the number. This strategy of approach helps a researcher
to get quantity, numbers of variables in their research problem. So, the solution processed can
also be measured. This research method takes account a lot of accounting and statistical data.
Quantitative research is more useful for conducting in casual research. In doing this type of
research, the researcher has to use survey, many interviews and other secondary studies.
Justification of Strategy
The research needs both kind of strategies to achieve the best outcome and the most applicable
solution.
Hindrance Factors
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Economic Barrier Unawareness No health care organizations
The respondents were public individuals and mainly the senior citizens. 25% people think that
economy is the main barrier for heathy living of the citizens, 20% gave the reason of not having
enough health care organizations in the locality. But mostly think that senior citizens are
unaware of leading a healthy life. They tend to lead the rest of life by just relaxing and doing no
sort of work. 50% respondents gave the blame to unawareness among the elderly citizens.
2. Do you consider that the price of preventive medicine is high according to the economy?
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Yes No
70% respondents think that price of preventive medicines is too high. Many of the medicines are
imported to country that adds TAX value and transportation cost. This process increases the
price of the medicines. Local manufacturers should be more productive in making the medicines
within the country.
3. Do senior citizens need special health care organization for themselves?
Senior citizens think that they do not get special treatments and correct behaviors from the health
organizations. 80% of the respondents think that they need more support from the member of
staff and the doctors.
4. What are the extra opportunities they need?
We have seen the barriers and the extra care the senior citizens need. Low cost offer of
preventive medicine, Special support from the staff and adequate number of organizations are
needed. But most think that all of the options are necessary.
5. What do you think of ‘Healthy Lifestyle’?
A healthy lifestyle that allows maintaining good health. We have asked the senior citizens what
they think about healthy lifestyle. Their answers included having a healthy body and a good
heart. For that they said that they need to exercise regularly and have a healthy diet. Their
conceptions match with the actual definition of healthy lifestyle. But the problem is that senior
citizens want to lead a relaxed life in their age. Relaxation and too much wrong diet do not allow
them to keep that health.
6. What is your view to Preventive Medicines?
Most elder citizens do not have a clear idea about the preventive medicines. Preventive
medicines are the tablets or syrups that help the consumer to keep away the diseases and many
other disabilities. Some medicines are made to keep a good body shape and keep all the vital
elements of a body. Elderly people are unaware of these medicines. Many of them believe that
the diseases will go automatically which is not the true case most of the times. They need to be
aware of preventive medicines.
7. Do you think senior citizens of the society are not motivated to come to health centers?
Yes 70 70%
No 30 30%
Yes
No
This question was asked to health organizations and senior citizens. 70% of them agree that the
elder members are not motivated to come and take service from the health centers. 30% of them
do not encourage the opinion though.
Economic Support
Special Care
Awareness Program
We have seen that 70% elderly people think that they are not motivated. So, they were asked
what can be solution for this. 30% responded that they can take service if provided with health
allowance, 35% responded that they need proper service from the staff. 35% of the respondents
think that awareness programs should be arranged to teach the senior citizens about the
importance of preventive medicine and healthy life style.
9. Should government be more aware and take actions?
Answers Respondents Percentage
Yes 90 90%
No 10 10%
Should government be more aware and take actions?
Yes
No
Almost all, 90% think that government should be aware and take action to improve the situation
of health care trend among the senior citizens of UK.
From the findings we see that, Tesco is aware of providing equal rights and opportunities to their
employees. We have also seen that they consider diversification within their workplace.
However, diversification can be made by recruiting employees from different caste and creed
and from different nationalities. But Tesco does not take such actions. Rather they focus on
recruiting the best mind for their organization. This ensures that Tesco can maintain their
organizational performance. But the employees and other members of staff need to be more
aware of their rights and know about equality and diversity within an organizaaion.
economic barrier, unawares among the senior citizens and inadequate services of the health care
organizations are the main hindrances of healthy lifestyle among the part of the society.
Unawareness is the big issue here and they need to be taught about the importance of it. Also, the
majority part of the UK think that the preventive medicines are of too much price and can’t
afford it. Economical condition is a playing factor here. Economy of UK is not supported for the
healthy lifestyle of senior citizens. Also, they think that they should have special health care
organizations because most of the hospitals and clinics don’t have special treatment for the
senior citizens. And in the special organizations, they should have the offer to buy preventive
medicine at an affordable rate, should be treated well by the staff. Only then they can be
motivated for taking care of their health. Which 70% senior citizens think they are not in for it.
Economic support can encourage them here. Health pensions can be provided to these people.
Government should be aware of this fact and provide incentives to the elderly citizens of UK.
Evaluation
The project has been done taking a lot of factors in consideration. Questionnaires were
developed to find the best and reliable answers from the respondents. But however, no research
paper is ever 100% correct. Some of the respondents may get biased when answering the
questions. Some people were not interested to help in the project. It was possible that some
useful information could have been developed from there. Some individuals even have no clue
about the research topic. Also, the research team is not experienced to conduct any primary
research. So, there can be some lacking from the team. The cost of the project is also another
issue. Limited budget stopped the research to go further more. Validity of the information can
change in near future. So, this research paper may not be relevant from 5 years now. But this
report is relevant to the present and data was carefully processed to find out the best solution and
come up with useful recommendation.
Recommendation
Economic barriers should be taken care of by the government. The government can
provide with medical allowance to the senior citizens
Awareness programs should be arranged targeting the senior citizens by every health care
organizations.
Health care organizations should be established in a place of convenience.
Local medicine companies and pharmaceuticals should be more functional for developing
preventive medicines. Local medicines can cut the import cost making the medicine
much more affordable for the senior citizens.
Every staff members of heath care organizations should be trained on how to behave with
senior citizens and how to provide services for them.
Motivating publications could be provided to each individual
10. References
Hay, J., LaBree, L., Luo, R., Clark, F., Carlson, M., Mandel, D., Zemke, R., Jackson, J. and
Azen, S.P., (2012). Cost‐effectiveness of preventive occupational therapy for independent‐living
older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(8), pp.1381-1388.
Sugiyama, T., Thompson, C.W. and Alves, S., (2009). Associations between neighborhood open
space attributes and quality of life for older people in Britain. Environment and behavior, 41(1),
pp.3-21.
Rose, G.A., Khaw, K.T. and Marmot, M., (2018). Rose's strategy of preventive medicine: the
complete original text. Oxford University Press, USA.
Jekel, J.F., Katz, D.L., Elmore, J.G. and Wild, D., (2017). Epidemiology, biostatistics and
preventive medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Leavell, H.R. and Clark, E.G., (2008). Preventive Medicine for the Doctor in his Community. An
Epidemiologic Approach. Preventive Medicine for the Doctor in his Community. An
Epidemiologic Approach.
Konstantinidis, E.I., Billis, A.S., Mouzakidis, C.A., Zilidou, V.I., Antoniou, P.E. and Bamidis,
P.D., (2014). Design, implementation, and wide pilot deployment of FitForAll: an easy to use
exergaming platform improving physical fitness and life quality of senior citizens. IEEE journal
of biomedical and health informatics, 20(1), pp.189-200.
Creek, J. and Lougher, L., (2011). Occupational therapy and mental health. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Eldridge, S. and Kerry, S., (2012). A practical guide to cluster randomised trials in health
services research (Vol. 120). John Wiley & Sons.
11. Appendix