A

Dissertation Report

On

“ IOT BASED AUTOMATIC FARMING SYSTEM USING

RASPBERRY PI ”

Submitted By

Ashwini Avchitrao Bhume

Masters of Technology

In

(Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering)

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University

Lonere (M.S)

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies,

Aurangabad

(2019- 2020)
 Submitted By

Ashwini Avchitrao Bhume

For the degree of

Masters of Technology
In

(Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering)

Guided By

Prof.P.M.Soni

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies,

Aurangabad

(2019- 2020)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the Dissertation report titled “IOT Based Automatic Farming
System Using Raspberry Pi” Submitted by Ashwini Avchitrao Bhume is a bonafide
record of work. The above-mentioned work is completed under my supervision and guidance
in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master's Degree in Electronics&
Telecommunication Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering &Management Studies,
Aurangabad, affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (M.S,
INDIA). The work described in this report has not been submitted to this or any other
university for Mtech & any other degree.

Place: Aurangabad
Date:

Prof. P. M. Soni Prof. A. R. Wadhekar

Guide M.Tech Co-ordinator
Dept. of Electronics and Dept. of Electronics and
Telecommunication Telecommunication

Dr. R. M. Autee Dr.G.R.Gandhe

H.O.D H.O.D
Dept. of Electronics and Dept of Post
Telecommunication Graduate

Dr. U.D.Shiurkar
Director
Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad
 DECLARATION

I, hereby declare that I have formed, completed, and written the dissertation entitled, “IOT Based
Automatic Farming System Using Raspberry Pi” it has not previously submitted for the award for any
degree or diploma or another similar title of this for any other diploma / examining body or university.

Place: Aurangabad Ashwini Avchitrao Bhume

Date:
 DISSERTATION APPROVAL SHEET

Miss Ashwini Avchitrao Bhume has done the appropriate work related to the "IOT Based
Automatic Farming System Using Raspberry Pi" for the degree of Master of Engineering
( Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering) is being submitted to Deogiri Institute of
Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad.

External Examiner :

Guide: Prof.P.M.Soni

Place: Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad

Date:

1.
 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iii
LIST OF TABLE iv
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Introduction 2
1.1.1 Overview of the project 2
1.1.2 Methodology Of Proposed System 5
1.2 Objective 7
1.3 Organization 8
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Literature review 10
3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 18
3.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System 18
3.2 Components 21
3.2.1 Power Supply 21
3.2.2 Temperature sensor 22
3.2.3 DC Motor Pump 22
3.2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor 23
3.2.5 Humidity Sensor 23
3.2.6 LDR Sensor 24
3.2.7 Moisture Sensor 25
3.2.8 Relay Module 25
3.2.9 GSM Module 26
3.2.10 MCP 3008 27
3.2.11 Raspberry Pi Board 28
3.2.12 Cloud (Computer) 29
3.2.13 Interfacing of PC-Raspberry Pi 29
3.2.14 Python Language 29
3.2.15 Thinks speak 30
3.3 Flow Chart 32
3.4 Implementation 33
3.5 Project Code 34
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39
4.1 Test Case Parameter 42
5. CONCLUSION 45
5.1 Advantages 46
5.2 Future Scope 46
REFERENCES 48
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1.
 ABSTRACT
This paper presents a smart way of the farming system using the Internet of Things {IOT}
and RASPBERRY PI-based. The main purpose of this paper is to develop farming. Farming
is the most common work for updating rural efficiency and in this manner development of the
farming system has been a key arrangement in the improvement of cultivating in India. In this
system at whatever point there is an amount change in temperature, stickiness, and current
status of surrounding environmental factors, the sensors which we will use in this system
detect the adjustment in temperature and moisture and gives an interface with the raspberry
pi. Due to the overwater usage, it affects plant growth as well as harms soil moisture and due
to fermentation causes biological risks like water squandering and saltiness. This is why using
this type of proposed system helps to decrease vitality, proficiency, and efficient growth of
plants. As of late the consciousness of water and vitality discussion has brought about the
more prominent utilization of sprinkler framework. Currently, automation is one of the
significant jobs in the human life. It gives comfort as well as decreases vitality, proficiency,
and efficiency. Presently a day the businesses are utilizing mechanization and control
machines which are high in cost and not appropriate for utilizing in a homestead and nursery
field. So in this work, we will plan a keen water system innovation dependent on IoT utilizing
Raspberry pi. The proposed automatic system will be low in cost and usable by the Indian
farmers. Raspberry pi is the fundamental heart of the general system.

Keywords:-Cloud, Internet of Things (IoT), Raspberry pi; Soil moisture sensor; Water motor.

1.
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Illustration Page No.

1.1 Introduction to the IoT system 3

1.2 Hardware Structure of IoT System 5

1.3 Structure of the system 6

3.1 Block Diagram of project 18

3.2 Power supply 21

3.3 Temperature Sensor 22

3.4 DC water pump 22

3.5 Ultrasonic Sensor 23

3.6 Humidity sensor 24

3.7 LDR sensor 25

3.8 Moisture Sensor 25

3.9 Relay Module 26

3.10 GPS module 26

3.12 Think Speak Cloud Platform 31

3.13 Flowchart 32

3.14 Showing Data Uploaded IoT Platform 41

ii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Sr.No Abbreviation Illustration Page No.

1 IoT Internet Of Thing 2

2 IP Internet Protocol 11

3 PC Personal Computer 11

4 API Application Programming Interface 11

5 GPIO General Purpose Input Output 11

6 LDR Light Dependent Resistor 11

7 GUI Graphical User Interface 13

8 PDR Packet Delivery Ratio 13

iii
 LIST OF TABLE

Table Illustration Page No.

No.
4.1 Different testing parameter monitoring 43

iv
CHAPTER 1
 I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

In India farming is the main occupation for a rural economy, and all its assets depend upon the
farming land. Indeed, even in the advanced range of industrialization, farming is the key area that
chooses the financial development of India. Farming is the most common work when comparing
with other types of work in India. The Water system is the study of what’s more can be done with
it, making a productive, less effort, financial water system structured in such a way that it can fit
regular conditions. The development of an appropriate supply of water system and provides
sufficient water to increase yield growth while harvesting. There are various types of water systems
that are widely used by the farmers now a day’s which can improve income as well as the growth of
the yield. It is a simple project more useful in watering plants automatically without any human
interference. This project is an excellent solution for such kind of problems. In an existing
automated water management system, we cannot take decisions at that instance by taking different
attributes of agriculture soil.

1.1.1 Overview of the project

At the current time, the process has been utilizing water system procedures in India through the
manual control in which the ranchers flood the land now and then. This procedure now and again
consumes more water. Programmed water system booking reliably has demonstrated to be
important in water use effectiveness concerning manual water system dependent on direct soil
water estimations. The water system of plants is typically a very tedious action that must be done in
a sensible measure of time. All the means were executed by people generally.
These days, a few systems use innovation to decrease the number of laborers and to lessen the time
required to water the plants. With such a system, the control is restricted and a significant number
of the assets are as yet squandered. Water is one of these assets which are utilized unnecessarily. A
mass water system is a strategy that is utilized to water the plant. This technique speaks to
monstrous misfortunes since the measure of water given surpasses the plants' needs. The
overabundance water gets released by the openings of the pots, or it permeates through the dirt in
the fields. Notwithstanding the abundance cost of water, work is turning out to be increasingly
costly.
For rapidly expanding requests and reduction inflexibly of food necessities, it's imperative to fast

2
improvement underway of food innovation. Agribusiness is just the source to give this. This is a
significant factor in human social orders to developing and dynamic requests in food creation.
Farming assumes a significant job in the economy and improvement, similar to India. Because of
the absence of water and shortage of land water result in the diminishing.
Water system might be characterized as the study of counterfeit utilization of water to the land or
soil that implies relying upon the dirt sort, the plant is to be given water.

Figure 1.1: Applications Of IoT System

3
 The proposed water system utilizes water. Water is taken care of to the plant at whatever
point there is a need. There as of now exist a water system which water plants based on soil
moistness, pH estimation of soil, temperature, and light. Any place these boundaries are required in
huge horticultural fields their efficiency of the harvest matters.
The proposed water system framework will be exceptionally productive in zones like house
gardens, office premises, structures, and so on were watering plants at customary span matters. This
system additionally presents an easy water system to water plants utilizing gadgets like raspberry pi
is utilized to control the process remotely. Furthermore, the client gets the status from time to time.
The IoT permits items to be detected and controlled distantly across existing system foundation,
making open doors for more straightforward incorporation of the physical world into PC based
system, furthermore, bringing about improved effectiveness, precision, and monetary advantage,
when IoT is increased with sensors and actuators, the innovation turns into an occasion of the more
broad class of digital-physical system, which additionally includes innovations, for example, savvy
networks, brilliant homes, keen transportation, and brilliant urban areas. Everything is exceptionally
recognizable through its implanted processing yet can interoperate inside the current Internet
framework.
Along these lines, Internet of Things or IoT is engineering that contains particular equipment
sheets, Software system, web APIs, conventions which together makes a consistent domain which
permits savvy installed gadgets to be associated with the web to such an extent that tactile
information can be gotten to and control framework can be set off over web. Likewise, gadgets
could be associated with the web utilizing different methods like Wi-Fi, Ethernet, etc. Moreover,
gadgets may not have been associated with the web freely. Or maybe a bunch of gadgets could be
made (for instance a sensor organize) and the base station or then again the clustered could be
associated with the web. This prompts more dynamic engineering for correspondence conventions
which ranges from elevated level to low level. Most strikingly, these gadgets must be particularly
found. For the special revelation of the gadgets in a Network, they have to have an interesting IP
address. IoT gadgets have IPv6 tending to conspire. Every one of these gadgets has either fixed or
Subnet covered IP locations of type v6. One of a kind IP tends to makes IoT gadgets discoverable
on the web as freehub. This is the most significant idea to have as a top priority to comprehend IoT.
Following figure.2.1 explain what IoT is all about.

4
 Figure 1.2: Hardware Structure Of IoT System

1.1.2METHODOLOGY OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this work, the water pump is interfaced with Raspberry Pi 3 using Wi-Fi Module. Raspberry Pi is
the core of the general existing framework. The Raspberry Pi Model 3 fuses various improvements
and new highlights. Improved force utilization, augmented network and more prominent IO are
among the upgrades to this amazing, little, and lightweight GPIO(General Purpose Input Output)
pins.

The Raspberry Pi can't straightforwardly drive the transfer. It has just zero volts or 3.3 V. We need
12V to drive electromechanical hand-off. All things considered, we need a driver circuit. The driver
circuit takes the low-level info and gives the 12V abundance to drive the transfer which works at
12V. We are utilizing here 2 hand-offs to turn on the Water engine, motor pump.

The soil dampness sensor, moistness sensor, temperature identification sensor are associated with

5
the Raspberry Pi board through the comparator circuit. The soil dampness sensor gives an
opposition variety at the yield. That sign is applied to the comparator and sign molding circuit. The
sign molding circuit (LDR) has a potentiometer to settle on a choice the dampness level above
which the yield of the comparator goes high. That advanced sign is given to the raspberry pi board.
If the dirt dampness esteem is over the dampness level and moistness is high at the given worth and
on the off chance that the temperature is high, at that point the water engine will be on, though if the
dampness level, mugginess, the temperature is low the engine will be off through the hand-off.
With all the parameters, it additionally checks is it blustery? If yes so the water engine won't on for
30 minutes and again following 30 minutes it will review the status of downpour through climate
determining report if stormy so water engine will on just for 10 minutes in any case not blustery on
that condition water engine will on for a determined time.LDR is utilized for controlling light
naturally, around evening time light will be ON consequently with the goal that we can watch our
homestead around evening time likewise utilizing cell phones.

6
Fig. 1.3 Flow diagram of the irrigation system

7
1.2Objective

1) There is a huge requirement for a framework that makes the rural procedure simpler and
trouble-free from the farmer’s side.
2) With the ongoing progression of innovation, it has gotten important to expand the yearly
yield creation yield altogether agro-driven economy.
3) The capacity to moderate the characteristic assets just as giving an astonishing lift to the
creation of the harvests is one of the principal points of joining such innovation into the
agrarian area of the nation. To spare system exertion, water, and time.
4) Water system the executives is an intricate dynamic procedure to decide when and how
much water to apply to a developing harvest to meet explicit administration destinations.
5) On the off chance that the rancher is a long way from the agrarian land, he won't be seen
of current conditions. Along these lines, effective water the board assumes a significant job in
the Irrigated farming trimming system.

7
1.3 Organization

Chapter No.1 Introduction: This chapter consists of a brief introduction of

the
Automatic irrigation system using the cloud and explain the
introduction, necessity, objective, and theme of this system.

Chapter No.2 Literature Survey: This chapter consists of a literature survey

Of the system, the history of the system, the evolution of the
(i.e. the varied projects designed using this concept) and
design development and other technologies and it's working.

Chapter No.3 System Development: This chapter consists of a system

Development part that we explain the reason for the main
project diagram. During this section, we explain the first
hardware development. In hardware development, we
introduced the block diagram of the IoT base irrigation system
using the cloud and its explanation. Also In block diagram
include the sub-points and their explanation.

Chapter No.4 Result: This chapter demonstrates the real-time simulation of

Data by using the concept of IoT on things speak cloud
computing for early detection and monitoring of irrigation
systems.

Chapter No.5 Conclusion: This chapter consists of a conclusion,

advantages,
Disadvantages and future scope of using IOT based irrigation
system

8
CHAPTER 2
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Introduction
It is a simple project more useful in watering plants automatically without any human
interference. We know that people do not provide the water on to the plants in their gardens
or farmland when they go on vacation or often forget to water plants. Due to this, there is a
chance to get the plants damaged. This project is an excellent solution for such kind of
problems. In an existing automated water management system, we cannot decide for that
instance by taking different attributes of agriculture soil. The current automated irrigation
system only works on one parameter at one time. The soil has different attributes like soil
moisture and temperature, humidity, etc. Soil moisture is below the threshold value then the
water valve is open for water supply and after proper water supply if it goes above the
threshold value water valve is get close. The existing system does not concern about available
water in the reservoir and the requirement of water to a particular crop. So the system does
not have decision power. It only works on one condition at one time. In the system send the
information about the growth of paddy plant and sugarcane in the field. The data are sent
details about every stage in the plant growth in the field. Many irrigation systems exit such
as,

2.1 Literature Review

[1]The Model includes soil moisture, temperature, and pressure sensors to monitor the
irrigation operations. Specifically, we take into account the case where a system malfunction
occurs, as when the pipes burst or the emitters block. Also, we differentiate two main traffic
levels for the information transmitted by the WSAN, and we use an adequate priority-based
routing protocol to achieve high QoS performance. Simulations conducted over the NS-2
simulator show promising results in terms of delay and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), mainly
for priority traffic .

[2]In this paper, the System has a distributed wireless network of soil moisture & temperature
sensors placed in the root zone of plants. The Gateway unit handles sensor information, triggers
actuators, and transmits data to a web application. An algorithm was developed with threshold

10
values of sensors that were programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway to control water
quantity .

[3]In this paper a Small embedded system device (ESD) takes care of a whole irrigation
process. The PIC18F4550 microcontroller interfaced with the GSM module works as a brain
and several sensors like temperature, level and rain works as eyes of this ESD. If and only if
the eyes of the ESD see all parameters are within a safe range, the PIC18F4550 starts the
irrigation process by starting the irrigation pump. The farmer gets time to time feedback from
ESD through SMS about the action that has taken place by PIC18F4550 .

[4]The commands from the user are processed at raspberry pi using the python programming
language. Arduino microcontrollers are used to receive the on/off commands from the
raspberry pi using the ZigBee protocol. Star ZigBee topology serves as the backbone for the
communication between raspberry pi and end devices. Raspberry pi acts as a central
coordinator and end devices act as various routers .

[5]In the research field of wireless sensor network power-efficient time is a major issue which
can be overcome by using ZigBee technology. The main idea is to understand how data travels
through wireless medium transmission using WSN and monitoring system. Design of an
irrigation system which is automated by using controllable parameter such as temperature, soil
moisture, and air humidity because they are the important factors to be controlled in
PA(Precision Agriculture) .

[6]The paper presents a home automation system which is based on Raspberry Pi, Arduino
microcontrollers, and ZigBee and relay boards to water plants. Raspberry pi acts as the control
block in the automatic irrigation system to control the flow of the motor.
The commands from the Arduino are processed at raspberry pi. Zigbee module is used for
communication between the Raspberry Pi and Arduino. This paper presents an efficient and
fairly cheap automation irrigation system. By using moisture sensors we will make the
irrigation system smart and automated. The system once installed has no maintenance cost and
is easy to use.

[7] This paper aims to develop a smart irrigation monitoring system using raspberry pi. The
Focus area will be parameters such as temperature and soil moisture. This system will be a
11
substitute for the traditional farming method. We will develop such a system that will help a
farmer to know his field status in his home or he may be residing in any part of the world. It
proposes an automatic irrigation system for the agricultural lands. Currently, automation is one
of the important roles in human life.
It not only provides comfort but also reduces energy, efficiency, and time-saving. Now the
industries use automation and control mechanism which is high in cost and not suitable for use
in a farm field. So here it also designs a smart irrigation technology at a low cost which is
usable by Indian farmers. Raspberry pi is the main heart of the whole system.
An automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for crops. Automation
allows us to control appliances automatically. The objectives of this paper were to control the
water motor automatically, monitor the plant growth using the webcam and we can also watch
live streaming of the farm on android mobiles by using Wi-Fi.

[8]Nowadays, adopting an optimized irrigation system has become a necessity due to the lack of
the world water resource. The system has a distributed wireless network of soil moisture and
temperature sensors.
This project focuses on a smart irrigation system that is cost-effective. As technology is
growing and changing rapidly, Wireless sensing Network (WSN) helps to upgrade the
technology where automation is playing an important role in human life. Automation allows us
to control various appliances automatically.
DC motor based vehicle is designed for irrigation purposes. The objectives of this paper were
to control the water supply to each plant automatically depending on the values of temperature
and soil moisture sensors. The mechanism is done such that soil moisture sensor electrodes are
inserted in front of each soil. It also monitors the plant growth using various parameters like
height and width. Android app.

[9]This paper proposes a design for a home automation system using ready-to-use, cost-
effective, and energy-efficient devices including raspberry pi, Arduino microcontrollers, XBee
modules, and relay boards. The use of these components results in the overall cost-effective,
scalable, and robust implementation of the system.
The commands from the user are processed at raspberry pi using a python programming
language. Arduino microcontrollers are used to receive the on/off commands from the
raspberry pi using zig bee protocol. Star ZigBee topology serves as the backbone for the

12
communication between raspberry pi and end devices. Raspberry pi acts as a central
coordinator and end devices act as various routers.
A low-cost and energy-efficient drip irrigation system serves as a proof of concept. The design
can be used in big agriculture fields as well as in small gardens via just sending an email to the
system to water plants. The use of ultrasound sensors and solenoid valves make a smart drip
irrigation system. The paper explains the complete installation of the system including
hardware and software aspects.

[10]This paper proposes a design for a home automation system using ready-to-use, cost-
effective and energy-efficient devices including raspberry pi, Arduino microcontrollers, XBee
modules, and relay boards. The use of these components results in overall cost-effective,
scalable, and robust implementation of the system.
The sensor data were uploaded into the cloud by raspberry pi using a python programming
language. Arduino microcontrollers are used to transmit the sensor data to the raspberry pi
using the ZigBee protocol. Star ZigBee topology serves as the backbone for the communication
between raspberry pi and end devices. Raspberry pi acts as a central coordinator and end
devices act as various routers. A low-cost and energy-efficient drip irrigation system serves as
a proof of concept.
The design can be used in big agriculture fields as well as in small gardens and water plants.
The use of ultrasound sensors and solenoid valves make a smart drip irrigation system. The
paper explains the complete installation of the system including hardware and software aspects.

[11]An Integrated system deals with all elements influencing the profitability. The method aims in
making horticulture excellent by efficiently utilizing computerization and IoT which uses GPS based
remote-controlled robots to perform fieldwork such as weeding, splashing, dampness detecting, winged
creature, and creature startling, keeping carefulness, and so forth. An excellent watering system with
keen control and smart leadership depends on exact constant field information. It additionally
incorporates a keen distribution center, for example, temperature upkeep, dampness support and
burglary discovery in the stockroom by Controlling every one of these activities will be finished by any
remote gadget / PC associated with the Internet and the actions will be performed by interfacing
sensors, ZigBee modules, camera and actuators with a small scale controller and raspberry pi. Demerits
by these projects are: Its expensive to use in the actual field although it's an automotive and quick
process. It causes weakening of radio recurrence (RF) signals by the organization of sensors dirt.

[12]This aims in giving an efficient monitoring of the environment which will help the farmers to do
13
smart farming increasing their overall yield and quality of products. The Agriculture stick being
proposed in this project is integrated with Arduino Technology, Breadboard interfaced with various
sensors providing live data feed online from Thingsspeak.com. This project gives 98% of the accurate
data using the live agricultural stick tested on Live Agriculture Fields. Management of crop water To
perform agriculture activities efficiently, adequate water is needed. In this approach, the agriculture IoT
is interfaced with Web Map Service (WMS) and Sensor Observation Service (SOS) to ensure water is
properly managed for irrigation which in turn reduces water wastage. 10 Precision Agriculture The
weather information provided by this method should be high so that it reduces the chances of crop
damage. Here agriculture IoT ensures in time delivery of real-time data in terms of weather forecasting,
soil quality, labor cost, and much more to the farmers. IPM/C -Integrated Pest Management/Control In
this, agriculture IoT systems assures that farmers with accurate environmental data via proper live data
monitoring of temperature, moisture, growth of the plants, and level of pests so that proper care can be
given during production. Food production & Safety agriculture It accurately monitors various factors
like temperature of the warehouse, shipping transportation management system, and integrates cloud-
based recording systems.

[13]It uses sensors that check different conditions of environmental factors like water level, humidity,
and temp. etc., the processor along with IC-S8817BS and wireless transceiver module with Zigbee
protocol is used. The field condition is sent to the farmer via mobile text messages and emails from the
experts. With this system, SN fails and energy is managed efficiently. Zigbee technology is used which
sometimes lacks in range of communication. A system is proposed for green agriculture using Zigbee
technologies. This model performs data processor, trans. and receiving function. The project aims to
understand the smart farming system using the greenhouse, where the efficiency of the system is to
manage the environmental factors and decrease the farming overall cost and to save energy. Here it uses
(BS structure and cc2530) which acts as a processing chip for wireless sensor nodes. It uses the Linux
Operating system and the cortex A8 processor as a core. The design is all about remote intelligent
monitoring and control of the greenhouse which replaces the traditional wired smart house technology
to wireless. It also reduces manpower costs. A system is proposed for plant growth which can be
monitored using a thermal imaging technique. Here the irrigation temperature distribution measurement
(ITDM) technique has been implied. In real-time, the thermal images comprising both low and high-
temperature ITDM values give better irrigation. Thermal imaging can provide the temperature value of
all pixels in the field when compared to thermometry which only provides an average value. For
temperature which is very close in range, thermal imaging leads to inaccurate information so that the
objects can become differentiable. A method to evaluate the use of wireless sensor network used in
automating irrigation and data are sent to the web application server through communicating wireless.

14
 [14]The automated irrigation system hereby reported, consisted of two components (Fig. 1)
wireless sensor units (WSUs) and a wireless information unit (WIU), linked by radio
transceivers that allowed the transfer of soil moisture and temperature data, implementing a
WSN that uses ZigBee technology. The WIU has also a GPRS module to transmit the data to a
web server via the public mobile network. The information can be remotely monitored online
through a graphical application through Internet access devices. A WSU is comprised of an RF
transceiver, different sensors, a micro-controller, ZigBee, and power sources Several WSUs
can be deployed in-field to configure a distributed sensor network for the automated irrigation
system. Each unit is based on the micro-controller that controls the radio modem. ZigBee and
processes information from the soil-moisture sensor, temperature sensor, and water level
sensor. In this wireless sensor unit or transmission unit, the sensor data from different sensors
(Soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and water level) are collected in the main controller.
This data is displayed on the transmission section LCD. ARM controller is programmed to
some threshold values of temperature and soil moisture. Sensed values are compared with the
threshold values and according to comparison automation is takes place.

[15]The proposed system consists of two parts mainly the sensors monitoring the crop and the
other part being the communication with the farmer. Sensors like soil moisture, temperature, air
quality, and humidity and light sensors will sense the crop's parameters which will be given to
the microcontroller for evaluation. The various benefits of the proposed system are;
– It will be able to monitor a large crop yield area with ease and low cost.
– Continuous monitoring of the crop becomes possible.
– Excessive wastage of water could be prevented.
– Low cost and low power consumption.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is an advanced telephony system that is
capable of transmitting and receiving information without any loss. It digitizes and compresses
data by time division multiple access where the signals are transmitted over the same channel,
with each independent time slot. GSM technology gives a smarter and efficient way for better
yield of crops. The parameters of a crop are determined using sensors like temperature, soil,
humidity. These data are compared with pre-determined values and accordingly, the crop
condition is notified to the farmer remotely using GSM, thus reducing physical effort. This
information about the crops is notified through a telephonic message to the farmer so that he or
she can utilize his or her time on better production units. This combination of traditional
15
methods with this technology will result in agricultural modernization. The modern farmer is
unable to identify how the various environmental parameters like humidity and temperature
affect their crop.
Despite the rapid spread of mobile connectivity and mobile internet in the country, efficient and
cheap methods to exploit the same to increase efficiency and productivity remain out of reach.
Thus one of the most important challenges is the lack of proper monitoring and control
mechanisms for efficient farming. This paper explains the development of a prototype of an
efficient Plant growth monitoring system, which along with providing data about the
environmental parameters surrounding the plant, which are vital to the plant's growth. The
proposed idea discusses a cost-effective system that receives data about the conditions
surrounding the plants from various sensors in the system.

16
CHAPTER 3

17
 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System

Figure 3.1: System Block Diagram

18
3.2 FRAMEWORK REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATION

Framework necessity particular gives the total depiction of the conduct about the framework
created by this task. This incorporates particular of utilitarian and no useful necessities of the
application. The communication of the clients with the application is spoken to with the
assistance of utilization cases and their examination. This likewise incorporates the portrayal
of practicality, chance investigation, and outer interface prerequisites to achieve this venture.

3.2.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The useful prerequisites will depict the highlights
and usefulness of the framework. Practical necessities record the activity that must be
finished. Utilitarian prerequisites are based on non-practical necessities.

3.2.2 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The non-useful prerequisites characterize

how the framework will do a certain activity. Non-useful necessities are normally called
"quality traits". The framework should likewise meet the non-useful prerequisites alongside
the utilitarian necessities. Non-utilitarian prerequisites for this venture are:

● Security

It is the component of the framework that guarantees that framework must be shielded from
the unexpected or threatening damage.

● Performance How the framework meets its exhibition targets is for it to be determined
unmistakably and expressly. The framework itself probably won't need anything explicitly for
its essential activity; however, the total framework alongside the segments associated may
have some Performance prerequisites.  User-accommodating The graphical UI (GUI) is
easy to use.

● Usability

Ease of use decides that it is so hard to learn and utilize the framework.

19
● Availability

It implies for how long the framework is accessible for its clients and for how long the
framework will be operational.
 Reliability

Unwavering quality decides how regularly the product falls flat. The estimation is
communicated in Mean Time between Failures (MTBF). The framework is tried for power
before the sending. The module grew therefore keeps up information consistency.

3.2.3 SOFTWARE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES

A couple of included quality and property of the framework is significant for the engineer's
similar ease of use, rightness, and testability. Convenience can be gotten by building up the
item as easy to use. For rightness obligation and legitimate consideration ought to be given
during structure and coding. Testability and viability assume a significant job for the long
existence of the item.

3.3 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Possibility examination is the estimation of essentially proposed framework or venture.

3.3.1 SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY

The undertaking advancement was wanted to arrive at the structuring stage before the finish
of the semester which gives a span of a half year. This was a sufficient opportunity to build
up a working rendition of the finished result and the product.

3.4 RISK ANALYSIS

3.4.1 PERFORMANCE RISK

The presentation of the product might be prevented because of different makes like lethargic

20
GUI and stumble execute provided orders. One of the reasons can be an enormous measured
front end, which can be changed by building a light-weight GUI. The system is encouraged to
plan such that front and back-end can impart straightforwardly.

3.4.2 SAFETY RISK

The security of the client's information with the framework is chance. The client information
might be lost as well as debased because of unseemly administration and capacity. This
should be dealt with by utilizing reliable records in the back end to store the client's
information.

3.5 Components

3.5.1 Power Supply

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The
primary function of a puissance supply is to convert electric current from a source to the
correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. Thus It operates on a 12-volt 2amp
power supply.

Fifure3.2:PowerAdaptor

21
3.5.2 Temperature Sensor

The temperature sensor is to measure the temperature through an electrical signal. It uses the
LM35 temperature sensor.

Figure 3.3: Temperature Sensor LM 35

3.5.3 DC Motor pump

Figure 3.4: DC Motor Pump

This is Micro Submersible Water Pump DC 3V-5V, which can be easily integrated into your
water system project. The water pump works using the water suction method which drains the
water through its inlet and released it through the out.

22
 3.5.4 Ultrasonic Sensor

Figure 3.5: Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement

function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules include ultrasonic
transmitters, a receiver, and a control circuit. The basic principle of work:
(1) Using IO trigger for at least 10us high-level signal,
(2) The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detects whether there is a pulse signal
back.
(3) IF the signal back, through high level, time of high output IO duration is the time from
sending ultrasonic to returning.

3.5.5 Humidity Sensor

23
 Figure 3.6: Humidity Sensor

DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a composite Sensor contain a

calibrated digital signal output of the temperature and humidity. Application of a dedicated
digital modules collection technology and the temperature and humidity sensing technology,
to ensure that the product has high reliability and excellent long-term stability.
Applications:
HVACdehumidifier, testing and inspection equipment, consumer goods, automotive,
automatic control, data loggers, weather stations, home appliances, humidity regulator,
medical and other humidity measurement and control.

3.5.6 LDR Sensor

24
 Figure 3.7: LDR Sensor

Two cadmium sulfide (CDS) photoconductive cells with spectral responses similar to that of
the human eye. The cell resistance falls with increasing light intensity. Applications include
smoke detection, automatic lighting control, batch counting, and burglar alarm systems.
Photoconductive cells are used in many different types of circuits and applications.
3.5.7 Moisture Sensor

Figure 3.8: Moisture Sensor

This Moisture Sensor can be used to detect the moisture of soil or judge if there is water
around the sensor, let the plants in your garden reach out for human help. They can be very
easy to use, just insert it into the soil and then read it. With the help of this sensor, it will be
realizable to make

3.5.8 Relay Module

25
 Figure 3.9: Relay Module

The relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows you to turn on or off a circuit
using voltage and/or current much higher than a microcontroller could handle.
There is no connection between the low voltage circuit operated by the microcontroller and
the high power circuit.
The relay protects each circuit from each other.
Each channel in the module has three connections named NC, COM, and NO.
Depending on the input signal trigger mode, the jumper cap can be placed at a high-level
effective mode which 'closes' the normally open (NO) switch at high-level input and at low-
level effective mode which operates the same but at low-level input.

3.5.9 GSM Module (SIM900A)

Figure 3.10: SIM 900A GSM Module

The SIM900A is a readily available GSM/GPRS module, used in many mobile phones and
PDA. The module can also be used for developing IoT (Internet of Things) and Embedded
Applications. SIM900A is a dual-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM

26
900MHz and DCS 1800MHz. SIM900A features GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional)
and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.

3.5.10 MCP 3008

All device has analog output so it's connected to the input of the MCP 3008 (Serial Peripheral
Interface). It's the yet serial peripheral interface. the most perform of MCP3008 IC is that the
analog to digital converters. it's low-value eight-channel 10 bit A/D convertor. All quite
analog data converts into digital forms. The preciseness of this ADC is kindred to it of AN
Arduino Uno, and with eight channels you will be ready to scan quite a few analog signals
from the Pi. This chip is also a pleasant risk if you just have to be compelled to scan easy
analog signals, like from a temperature or light-weight device. The MCP3008 connects to the
Raspberry Pi utilizing an SPI serial social class.

Software SPI: to annex the MCP3008 to the Raspberry Pi with a code package SPI social
class you need to engender the next connections:

• MCP3008 VDD to Raspberry Pi three.3V

• MCP3008 VREF to Raspberry Pi three.3V
• MCP3008 AGND to Raspberry Pi GND
• MCP3008 DGND to Raspberry Pi GND
• MCP3008 CLK to Raspberry Pi pin 8
• MCP3008 DOUT to Raspberry Pi pin 23
• MCP3008 DIN to Raspberry Pi pin 24
• MCP3008 CS/SHDN to Raspberry Pi pin 2

27
 Figure 3.11: MCP 3008

3.5.11 Raspberry pi board

All types of analog data convert into digital forms. Its output goes to the Raspberry pi- 3
board has been acclimated for this analysis that has the flexibleness to accumulate
contrivance data. presently with a Quad-Core 64bit element, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth The
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is that the third generation Raspberry Pi. This potent credit-card-
sized single-board laptop is utilized for many applications and supersedes the initial
Raspberry Pi Model B+ and Raspberry Pi a span of Model B. in integration it integrates
wireless computer network & Bluetooth property engendering it the simplest resolution for
potent connected designs. Raspberry Pi three - Model B Technical Designation as follows:

• Broadcom BCM2387 chipset

• 1.2GHz Quad-Core ARM Cortex-A53
• 802.11 Wireless LAN and Bluetooth four.1
• 1GB RAM
• 64 Bit computer hardware
• 4 x USB ports
• There are 4 poles of Stereo output and Composite video port
• Full-size HDMI
• 10/100 Base T LAN socket
• The CSI camera port for connecting to the Raspberry Pi camera
• DSI show port for connecting the Raspberry Pi bit screen show
• Micro Coyote State port for loading your software and storing information

28
 Figure 3.12: Raspberry pi model 3 B

3.5.12 Cloud (computer)

Data that are obtained from the sensors square measure transferred wirelessly to the native
and cloud server for analysis. The program has been set to method authentic-time knowledge
and stores it to the cloud with issue verbalize cloud computing platform. This preserved
knowledge is accessible from anyplace via the web. within the simplest terms, cloud
computing designates storing and accessing knowledge and programs over the web in part of
your computer's Winchester drive. The cloud is simply a trope for the web. It goes back to the
times of flow chart and displays that might represent the Brobdingnagian server farm
infrastructure of the web as nothing however a puffy, white cumulus, acceptive connections,
and dolling out the info because it floats.

3.5.13 Interfacing of Pc- Raspberry Pi

To associate raspberry pi to digital computer show, you'll be able to primarily utilize

associate LAN link. The workspace GUI (Graphical User Interface) of the raspberry pi
visually gives the impression to the digital computer show utilizing a 100Mbps LAN. we'd
utilize the VNC server programming to interface the pi to your digital computer.
Supplemental, the internet is shared from PC's Wi-Fi over LAN. This supplemental offers
you a vicissitude to induce to the internet on the pi and interface raspberry pi to a digital
computer show. Afore peregrinating to interface raspberry pi to a digital computer show, you
need a Mount Rushmore State card having the OS preinstalled you'll discover many internet
journals and educational exercise regarding establishing a Mount Rushmore State card for the
raspberry pi. However, within the event that you simply square measure a fielding. you'll
be able to simply transfer this gratuitously tenderfoot's guide eBook in pi. Raspberry pi
manage. This will tell the best way to introduce the OS for the raspberry pi. Additionally,
29
associate your raspberry pi to the workstation using an Ethernet link. Presently control stages
to interface raspberry pi to PC show.

3.5.14 Python Language:

Python could be a high-level, general-purport artificial language. Engendered by Guido van

Rossum and 1st relinquished in 1991, Python's style philosophy accentuates code readability
with its eminent utilization of eventful whitespace. Its language constructs and object-
oriented approach aim to avail programmers write clear, logical code for a minute and
astronomically immense-scale comes. it's dynamically indicated and garbage-amassed. It
fortifies multiple programming paradigms, as well as procedural, object-oriented, and useful
programming. Python is commonly delineated as a "batteries included" language because of
its comprehensive normal library. Python interpreters square measure on the market for
several operative systems. the associate ecumenical community of programmers develops and
maintains C Python, associate open supply reference implementation. A non-profit
organization, the Python computer code stratum, manages and directs resources for Python
and C Python development. several different paradigms square measure fortified via
extensions, as well as style by contract and logic programming.
Syntax and linguistics:- Python is betokened to be a facilely legible language. Its data
formatting is visually tidy, and it typically uses English keywords wherever different
languages use punctuation. In contrast to several different languages, it doesn't utilize ringlet
brackets to delimit blocks and semicolons when verbalizations square measure elective. it's
fewer grammar exceptions and special cases than C or Pascal.

3.5.15 Thinks speak:

The thing speaks maybe a platform providing varied services solely targeted for building
heap applications. The options of given factor speak are given below, The component of
factor speak maybe a 'Thing speak' personal Channel. The channel is made for our usage,
there several ranges of fields area unit offered that is employed to store knowledge that's sent
from Raspberry pi. To use factor speak, signup is needed and build a channel. Once the
channel is chosen, knowledge is required to be sent, enable factor to speak to method it, and
conjointly retrieve a similar. A separate username and identification a r e provided
for the personal channel. mistreatment its Wi-Fi property, the information is uploaded to the
cloud platform and every parameter is drawn within the type of graphs as shown within the
30
Figure below. An online application is intended in such how that it desires an authentication
for cyber security. Licensed personnel area unit has given login credentials to enter and
monitor the motor condition and performance. Web content has choices to observe all the

parameters.

Figure 3.12: Think speak cloud platform

31
3.6 Flow Chart

start

Initializations

Read Sensor Information and Display a message with

Reading

Upload Information to Read the commands

Cloud (Server) from the cloud (Server)

Validate sensor
Data

Continue the Mode2

motor running

Switching on the
Control the motor actuators based on commands
by Switching Actuators

32
Figure 3.13: Flowchart

33
 The Proposed Algorithm is as follows:-

Step (0): Initialization: Initialize the username and secret that is supported to the python.
Step (1): browse the device info.
Step (2): Connect the Raspberry pi to wi-fi.
Step (3): show the message with reading and detects the fault in sensors.
Step (4): transfer info to the cloud (Server).
Step (5): browse the command from the cloud (Server).
Step (6): Check knowledge of real-time simulation.
Step (7): Check knowledge on real-time simulation on assuming speak.
Step (8): finish.

3.7 Implementation

• Once we tend to put on the system, then 1st put on the raspberry pi board by connecting
the USB cable to giving 230 potential units, fifty rate powers provide with providing users
portable WI-FI connections.

• Once the WI-FI is open then the overall system device is activated and needed current for
all the instrumentality in the planned system.

•The sensor unit senses the corresponding motor parameters and feeds to the raspberry pi
three B model.

• Raspberry pi reads the info from varied sensors and it'll analyze per the given directions.

• Then sends the device info to MCP 3008, which converts the A/D converter through WI-
FI, In parallel, and raspberry pi three reads the commands from the web which can manage
the induction motor.

• The show the message with reading provides the visual illustration of device info.

• Check the fault of the induction motor by persecution varied kinds of devices in real-time
simulation with assume speak cloud computing.

34
3.8 Project Code

3.8.1 Main Code

import os
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import subprocess32 as subprocess
import time, sys
import urllib2
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
DEBUG = 1
myAPI = "OW8AMN2L81ZH7A0D"
baseURL = 'https://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=%s' % myAPI

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(21,GPIO.IN,pull_up_down = GPIO.PUD_UP)

def countPulse(channel):
global count
count += 1

GPIO.add_event_detect(21, GPIO.RISING, callback=countPulse)

# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)

def readadc(adcnum, clockpin, mosipin, misopin, cspin):
if ((adcnum > 7) or (adcnum < 0)):
return -1
GPIO.output(cspin, True)

GPIO.output(clockpin, False) # start clock low

GPIO.output(cspin, False) # bring CS low

commandout = adcnum
commandout |= 0x18 # start bit + single-ended bit
commandout <<= 3 # we only need to send 5 bits here
for i in range(5):
if (commandout & 0x80):
GPIO.output(mosipin, True)
else:
GPIO.output(mosipin, False)
commandout <<= 1
GPIO.output(clockpin, True)
GPIO.output(clockpin, False)

adcout = 0
# read in one empty bit, one null bit and 10 ADC bits
for i in range(12):
GPIO.output(clockpin, True)
GPIO.output(clockpin, False)
adcout <<= 1
if (GPIO.input(misopin)):
adcout |= 0x1

GPIO.output(cspin, True)

35
 adcout >>= 1 # first bit is 'null' so drop it
return adcout

# change these as desired - they're the pins connected from the

# SPI port on the ADC to the Cobbler
SPICLK = 18
SPIMISO = 23
SPIMOSI = 24
SPICS = 25
motor=16
# set up the SPI interface pins
GPIO.setup(SPIMOSI, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(SPIMISO, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(SPICLK, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(SPICS, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(motor,GPIO.OUT)

while True:
# read the analog pin
mois = readadc(0, SPICLK, SPIMOSI, SPIMISO, SPICS)
moisture=(100-(5*mois*100)/(1024*5))
print("moisture",round(moisture,2),"%")
Hum = readadc(1, SPICLK, SPIMOSI, SPIMISO, SPICS)
humidity=(122-(5*Hum*100)/(1024*5))
print("humidity",round(humidity,2),"%")
Ldr = readadc(2, SPICLK, SPIMOSI, SPIMISO, SPICS)
light=(150-(5*Ldr*100)/(1024*5))
print("light:",round( light,2),"%")
temp = readadc(3, SPICLK, SPIMOSI, SPIMISO, SPICS)
temperature=((5*temp*100)/(1024*5))
print('temperature',round(temperature,2),"C")
time.sleep(1)
urllib2.urlopen(baseURL +"&field1=%s" % (str(temperature))
+"&field2=%s" % (str(humidity))+"&field3=%s" % (str(light))+"&field4=%s"
% (str(moisture)))
#urllib2.urlopen(baseURL +"&field2=%s" % (str(humidity)))
#urllib2.urlopen(baseURL +"&field3=%s" % (str(light)))
#urllib2.urlopen(baseURL +"&field4=%s" % (str(moisture)))
if(moisture<2):
GPIO.output(motor, True)
print("low moisture")
#subprocess.Popen("sudo python
gsm1.py",shell=True).communicate()

if(moisture>25):
GPIO.output(motor,False)
print("low moisture")
data = "temperature:"+str(temperature)+"
"+"Humidity:"+str(humidity)+" "+"light:"+str(light)+" "+"soil
moisture:"+str(moisture)
print(data)
f=open('/home/pi/ashwini/log.txt','w')
f.write(data)
f.close()
time.sleep(15)

36
3.8.2 GSM Code

import serial
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import os, time
f=open('log.txt','r')
data=f.read()
f.close()
time.sleep(2)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)

# Enable Serial Communication

port = serial.Serial("/dev/ttyAMA0", baudrate=9600, timeout=1)

# Transmitting AT Commands to the Modem

# '\r\n' indicates the Enter key

port.write('AT'+'\r\n')
rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv
time.sleep(1)

port.write('ATE0'+'\r\n') # Disable the Echo

rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv
time.sleep(1)

port.write('AT+CMGF=1'+'\r\n') # Select Message format as Text mode

rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv
time.sleep(1)

port.write('AT+CNMI=2,1,0,0,0'+'\r\n') # New SMS Message Indications

rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv
time.sleep(1)

# Sending a message to a particular Number

port.write('AT+CMGS="9139993508"'+'\r\n')
rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv
time.sleep(1)
port.write(data+'\r\n') # Message
rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv

port.write("\x1A") # Enable to send SMS

for i in range(10):
rcv = port.read(10)
print rcv

37
3.8.3 Ultrasonic Code

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import subprocess32 as subprocess
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
TRIG = 20
ECHO = 21
motor= 16
GPIO.setup(TRIG,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(ECHO,GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(motor,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(TRIG, False)
GPIO.output(motor, False)
print "Waiting For Sensor To Settle to measure water level"
time.sleep(2)
while(True):
GPIO.output(TRIG, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(TRIG, False)
while GPIO.input(ECHO)==0:
pulse_start = time.time()

while GPIO.input(ECHO)==1:
pulse_end = time.time()
pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start

distance = pulse_duration*17150

distance = round(distance, 2)
water=(2000-(distance*100*1.5))
print "water level:",water,"ml"
time.sleep(2)
if(water<300):

print"low water "

if(water>1500):
print"low water "

GPIO.cleanup()

38
CHAPTER 4
4.RESULT AND DISCUSSION

39
40
 Figure 4.1: Showing Data Uploaded to IoT Platform

.
The user application will have a GUI which will show all the information to the client. The
modes as determined can be chosen by the client on the application itself.
The developed system is tested under various conditions. The soil moisture test the soil for all
climatic conditions and results are interpreted successfully. The moisture reading at different
weather conditions is taken and updated. The wireless transmission was achieved using Wi-Fi.
The data is stored in the cloud server; the data is then retrieved successfully from the cloud
which is used for monitoring purposes. The soil moisture sensor value depends on the
resistance of the soil. The value of the sensor varies from 0 being the wettest condition. The

41
sensed value is sent to the controller and the motor pump is OFF in this condition. The
maximum threshold value upon dry soil is 1023. When the sensed value by the sensor reaches
the threshold value microcontroller triggers the relay and the motor is ON. The motor pump is
turned ON and is turned OFF automatically when a sufficient amount of water is supplied to
plants. In this work, we successfully develop a system that can help in an automated irrigation
system by analyzing the moisture level of the ground. The smart irrigation system proves to be
useful as it automates and regulates the watering without any manual intervention. The primary
applications for this project are for farmers and gardeners who do not have enough time to
water crops/plants.
The moisture sensors and temperature sensors measure the moisture level (water content) and
temperature of the different plants. If the moisture level is found to be below the desired level,
the moisture sensor sends the signal to the Raspberry Pi board which triggers the Water Pump
to turn ON and supply the water to the respective plant. The system may be further extended
for outdoor utilization

42
4.1 Test Cases parameter monitoring

Test case Test cases Test case Status Remarks

ID description
01 Login Check whether Pass The users can log
the user can log in to the
in to the applications
applications correctly with a
correctly. verified
username and
password.
02 Raspberry Pi Check whether Pass The Raspberry Pi
the Raspberry is is sending correct
sending messages and
appropriate signals
signals and
messages
03 Water pump Check whether Pass The motor pump
the motor pump correctly pumps
correctly water to the
the plant
04 Moisture Check whether Pass The soil moisture
Sensor the soil moisture sensor senses the
sensor senses the moisture in the
moisture in the soil and sends
soil correct messages
appropriately. and signals to the
Raspberry pi and
the pump.
05 Raspberry Pi Check whether Pass The Raspberry pi
the raspberry pi receives signals
receives signals from the GSM
from GSM and and displays
displays the appropriate
corresponding events on both
events on the the mobile and
laptop and laptop
mobile.

Table1 4.1: Transformer parameter monitoring

43
CHAPTER 5
 5. CONCLUSION

By making this type of automatic system, we can decrease the number of labors, also automatic
water distribution system helps to improve growth and increase benefits to the farmer.
• The automated water system is practically and financially cost-effective for advancing water
assets for rural development.
• The system would give full control of incoming data on the IoT gateway and control all the
exercises of the water system effectively.
The main applications for this automation are for farmers and nursery workers who need more
an ideal opportunity to water their harvests/plants. This system additionally covers those yields
that are inefficient of water during the water system. Also, this system helps in soil water
detecting and utilizing to robotize water systems to increase the income from vegetable
creation. In any case, research demonstrates that various sensors types perform under all
conditions with no negative effect on crop yields with decreases in water use extend as high as
70% contrasted with conventional practices. In the current time, various water systems are
overcome through manual control, in which an individual needs to water a nursery/land at
ordinary periods. This procedure appears to expend more water and results in water wastage.
Besides in some nursery zones where there is insufficient water storage or watering plants, the
water system gets affected. Consequently, we require a computerized or atomize structure that
will proper data and control the water flow in the farmland or nursery. Installing this water
system structure in farmland it spares time and guarantees productive utilization of water. Also,
this automatic system and Raspberry pi which guarantees provide less time for developing
plants regularly.
.

45
5.1Advantages

The field is maintained by maintaining moisture levels within the root zone. The distribution
of water in the field is uniform. This irrigation method reduces the labor cost. Water and
electricity consumption is reduced to a significant amount.
1) Relatively simple to design and install.
2) It is the safest system and no manpower is required.
3) The system helps farmers or gardeners to work when irrigation is taking place, as only the
area between the plants is wet.
4) Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.
5) The system needs smaller water sources, as it consumes less than half of the water.
6) Fertilizers can also be provided by using the system.
7) PH content of the soil is maintained through the suggestions which help for healthy plant
growth.

5.2 Future Scope

Using the IoT concept in the agriculture field will help farmers not only reduce waste but
also increase yield production varying from the quantity of fertilizer utilized to the quality of
the production achieved. These days IoT has also been implemented in these following
practices.
1. Crop Monitoring
Using the IoT technique we can monitor the quality of crops which thus increase food
production. It introduces the use of appropriate methods into the agriculture sector and better
crop production by collecting real-time quality of crop and informing farmers about their
crop growing status.

2. Precision Farming
Precision farming is a farming practice that is more accurate and controlled. It deals with the
production of crops along with raising livestock. In this farming technique, we use
components such as SN, system control, robots, autonomous vehicles, automated hardware.

46
Such as crop metrics

3. Green Agriculture
This technique uses the control mechanis4.m technique for environment parameters. To
control environmental factors for a smart greenhouse, we use different sensors that
contribute to environmental parameters such as soil quality and soil type.
4. Livestock Monitoring
With the help of a sensor, the health of the livestock can be monitored which will directly
help in the yield production of goods produced from them.

5. Agricultural drones
Is a good example of farming and inorder to improve the various agricultural practices,
drones are used.
Some of the most drone companies deal with the performance in
1. Crop counting
2. Potential of the yield /Quality
3Detection in leakage
6. Pest detection
The benefit of using this type of practice is it gives a 'high "resolution of data Easy
information if any leakage takes place in the form of notification. Get an accurate count for
the crop so that it helps in setting plan schedule for your next growth and future yield

This Smart irrigation proves to be the system automates for the irrigation system and
regulates water for irrigation is done without manual Using this system, solenoid valves and
relay board can be controlled remotely which opens the opportunities to control the water
flow as well as the electrical flow.
The irrigation system is automated with depends on the sensor Report the pump is operated
by the weather condition by soil, rain, and temperature conditions the water pump will work
and by wireless ZigBee, the data is communicated and the sensor readings are uploaded into
the cloud network by Wi-Fi technology.

47
 REFERENCES

[1] I. Bennis, H. Fouchal, O. Zytoune, D. Aboutajdine, “Drip Irrigation System using Wireless
Sensor Networks” Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information
Systems, ACSIS, Vol. 5, 2015.
[2] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel Ángel
Porta- Gándara, “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS
Module,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 63, no. 1, January 2014.
[3] Sangamesh Malge, Kalyani Bhole, “Novel, Low cost Remotely operated smart Irrigation
system" 2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC) College of
Engineering Pune, India. May 28-30, 2015
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[13]“Naveen Balaji.G ,Nandhini.V , Mithra.S , Priya .N , Naveena. R- Assistant Professor,
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Prof.P.M.Soni, Guide, Dept.
of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and
Management Studies Aurangabad, for his generous guidance, help, and useful suggestions.

I am extremely thankful to Dr.R. M. Autee, Prof. A. R. Wadhekar, and Dr. U.D. Shiurkar,
Director, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies Aurangabad, for
providing me infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have
been possible.

Thanking you.

Ashwini Avchitrao Bhume

PRN No. 20211420171237210010

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