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First Quarter-Module 1-Lesson 3-21st Century Literature From The Philippines and The World
First Quarter-Module 1-Lesson 3-21st Century Literature From The Philippines and The World
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21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Quarter 1 Module 1: Lesson 3
MELC 1: Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an
adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to:
a) identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimension of Philippine literary history from
pre-colonial to the contemporary
b) identify representative texts and authors from each region (e.g. Engage in oral history
research with focus on key personalities from the students’ region/province/town)
Specific Objectives:
1.) Identify literary authors and representative texts from each region.
2.) Read and understand some of their selected literary works/pieces.
3.) Realize the significance of literature in one’s life.
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
I. Introduction
Literature in all forms is everywhere in our society and with this idea; it is clear just how
significant it is. Whether it is studied in the classroom, read for pleasure or purpose, literature is
an integral part of many lives. Through literature, one is given not only an opportunity to be
enlightened but also a chance to broaden his/her horizons, views and perceptions. (Conroy, n.d)
Dear learners, you are about to start another learning journey in this module. As you go
through this module, prepare to explore, discover and learn from well selected notable literary
pieces written by commendable and distinguished writers from their respective regions and all
over the country.
This module is designed to provide you with various activities and discussions for
you to:
1.) identify literary authors and representative texts from each region;
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2.) read and understand some of their selected literary works/pieces;
3.) realize the significance of literature in one’s life.
II. Pre-Test
You are going to take the pre-assessment test to determine how much background
information and knowledge you have about our new lesson. Make sure to accomplish this first
task. Good luck!
Directions: Write only the letter of your chosen answer. Write letter D if you think the correct
answer is not found in the given choices. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
1. She was a native of Pampanga but settled in Albay. She was known as the Matriarch of
Filipino women poets writing in English and was the author of the poem “Revolt from Hymen”.
A. Edith L.Tiempo B. Angela Manalang Gloria C. Estrella D. Alfon
2. He was from Baao, Camarines Sur and was one of the first Filipinos to write and publish
works in English.
A. Amado V. Hernandez B. Luis G. Dato C. Nick Joaquin
3. A Filipino poet who was the author of "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento" which was the first good
English translation, in rhymes, of José Rizal's "Mi Ultimo Adios".
4. She was the author of a book of poetry called “Poems” in 1940. In this collection was also her
last poem, “Old Maid walking In the City.”
5. She is a contemporary Bikolano writer who was born from Legaspi City, Province of Albay
and is the author of “Banana Heart Summer”.
6. “The Pretenders” is his most popular novel, which is the story of one man's alienation from
his poor background and the decadence of his wife's wealthy family.
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A. F. Sionil Jose B. Cirilo F. Bautista C. Kristian Cordero
7. He is known as the “Father of Ilocano Literature” and acknowledged author of “Biag Ni Lam-
Ang”.
8. A writer deeply concerned with social justice, his novels have been translated into 22
languages, and he is one of the most widely read Filipino authors.
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III. Lesson Proper
Can you still recall how Philippine Literature evolved with the country’s history? Can you
distinguish each dimension’s characteristic? Let’s find out how well you can identify the diversity
and richness of Philippine Literature in the context of Pre-colonial period down to Contemporary
times.
Directions: Match each characteristic of Philippine Literature given in the left box to the
Literary Historical Periods provided in the right box. Write the letter of the correct answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
Were you able to answer and finish the task? Did you answer correctly? If your answer
is yes, you did a good job! It means you are almost ready to venture into another learning
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experience! However, if your answer is no, there’s no need to worry, you just have to revisit
your previous lessons and surely, you’ll get perfect score next time.
Let us test your vocabulary. The italicized words in the left box are those which you will
encounter in a poem originally written in Bicol dialect by Kristian Sendon Cordero. Read the
sentences very well and try to guess the meaning of the italicized words provided in the right
box.
Score: 3-5- Amazing! You were able to guess the meaning! What helped you find the correct
answer? Were you able to find some context clues? You’re very good. 2-0- It is okay! You still
have time to enhance your vocabulary.
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Study These
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Source:https://iwp.uiowa.edu/sites/iwp/files/CORDERO_sample_original_formatted.pdf
Let’s have a short discussion about what you have just read.
Activity 5. Check Your Understanding
2. How did the writer effectively describe the situation in the poem?
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3. What do you think is the meaning of the last stanza of the poem?
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4. Does the translation affect your understanding of the poem? How? Explain briefly.
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The poem you have read is written by Kristian Sendon Cordero. He is a Bicolano literary artist,
from the City of Iriga. He is a poet, a fictionist, translator and a filmmaker. He is a recipient of
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry in Filipino.
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Source:https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/kristian-sendoncordero
Would you like to know more Bicolano writers like him? Here they are. Let’s get to know some
of them.
Source:https://kvillaromanblog.wordpress.com/2017/08/20/first-blog-post/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdon_Balde,_Jr.#:~:text=Template%3AUse%20mdy%20ds
%20Abdon,P hilippines%20in%20Thailand%20last%202009.
Source:http://www.merlindabobis.com.au/biography.htm
GIL L. GREGORIO
Born on June 24, 1961, Naga, Camarines Sur He’s
been into poetry writing since 1983 while serving as
one of the staffs of the Nueva Caceres Bulletin, the
official publication of the University of Nueva
Caceres.
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publication, An Tambobong nin Literaturang
Bikolnon, where several of his poems in Bicol dialect
were published.
Meanwhile, let’s get to know as well some of the finest writers from other regions who have also
contributed a lot in the development of Philippine Literature.
Source:http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2govnccaph/about-culture-andarts/culture-profile/national-
artists-of-the-philippines/cirilo-f-bautista/
Are you excited to read sample works of these literary artists? Don’t’ worry, in just a little while
you will be reading some of their famous literary pieces. Meanwhile, having known those
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abovementioned authors, have you ever asked yourself the question below? Let us further be
enlightened.
What does the writer bring to the world that no one else can?
Writers and storytellers are the individuals who have designated themselves with the daunting
task of recreating the time, place, and characters of whatever era they live in. A novel written
during the 1990s, on the other hand, can definitively show the flavor of the time, the voices that
were most important, and the subconscious fears that drove that generation’s actions.
The different fiction genres each demonstrate a unique facet of the writer’s society. A horror
writer will memorialize the discomforts of his era. A science fiction writer will demonstrate that
era’s views on technology, change, and widespread social issues. A literary writer will display
what mundane everyday life was really like.
By writing a novel, the writer acts to keep their era alive for future generations, so that our
children and grandchildren can understand who we really were, and what we stood for.
However, there’s more to it than that. By nature, writers are teachers. Again, writers write
because they have something to say to the world. They have a lesson to teach, a lesson so
important to them—whether it be moral, intellectual, idealistic, or cynical—that they’ve sculpted
an entire story for the sheer purpose of teaching that lesson. - Nicolas Conley
Source:https://nicholasconley.wordpress.com/2013/05/09/the-writers-role-insociety/
Knowing the vital role of authors or writers in our society is as significant as understanding the
essence of their literary pieces. Do we benefit from it? How?
"By reading narratives, we can empathize and understand others," -Judith Caesar,
English professor at the American University of Sharjah (AUS).
"Literature provides insight into the minds of other human beings, into the mind of the
author and the minds of the character he or she brings to life,"- Sophie Chamas,
international studies student at AUS.
"Literature teaches us to analyze a character, allows us to reach inside his or her mind
so we see what drives a character, what shapes his or her beliefs and how one relates
to others."
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Literature also allows us to question some of our most prominent beliefs and examine
our lives, giving them deeper meaning.
Source:https://gulfnews.com/general/literature-is-the-mirror-of-society1.86134
Now that you have a better understanding as to why our authors and their literary texts play a
very significant role in our lives, let’s have a sample of a thought provoking fiction, an excerpt
from a selected novel piece written by Merlinda Bobis from the Bicol Region and find out the
author’s way to teach us a lesson about life through reading intensively and critically. Then,
answer the questions afterwards.
Lengua Para Diablo means “The Devil Ate My Words.” “Lengua is a Spanish word meaning
“tongue,” which in the story, symbolizes the words eaten by the devil. Lengua (Beef tongue) is
also a dish made of cow’s tongue. Lengua is often seasoned with onion and other spices, and
then placed in a pot to boil.
Have you eaten Lengua? Would you like to try it or eat it again? Why or why not?
I suspected that my father sold his tongue to the devil. He had little said in our house. Whenever
he felt like disagreeing with my mother, he murmured, ‘The devil ate my words.’ This meant he
forgot what he was about to say and other was often appeased. There was more need for
appeasement after he lost his job.
The devil ate his words, the devil ate his capacity for words, the devil ate his tongue. "but
perhaps only after prior negotiation with its owner, what with other always complaining, ‘I’m
already taking a peek at hell’ when it got too hot and stuffy in our tiny house. She seemed to
sweat more that summer, and miserably.
She made it sound like Father’s fault, so he cajoled her with kisses and promises of an electric
fan, bigger windows, a bigger house, but she pushed him away, saying,
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‘Get off me, I’m hot, ay, this hellish life’ 'gain he was ready to pledge relief, but something in my
mother’s eyes made him mutter only the usual ‘The devil ate my words,’ before he shut his
mouth. Then he ran to the tap to get her more water.
Lengua para Diablo, tongue for the devil. Surely he sold his tongue in the devil (change for
those promises to my mother) comfort, a full stomach, life without our wretched want . . . But the
devil never delivered his side of the bargain. The devil was alien to want. He lived in a Spanish
house and owned several stores in the city. This Spanish mestizo was my father’s employer,
but only for a very short while. He sacked him and our neighbour Tiyo Anding, also a mason,
after he found a cheaper hand for the extension of his house.
We never knew the devil’s name. Father was incapable of speaking it, more so after he came
home and sat in the darkest corner of the house, and stared at his hands. It took him two days
of silent staring before he told my mother about his fate.
I wondered how the devil ate my father’s tongue. Perhaps he cooked it in mushroom sauce, in
that special Spanish way that they do ox tongue. First, it was scrupulously cleaned, rubbed with
salt and vinegar, blanched in boiling water, then scraped of its white coating ---- now, imagine
words scraped off the tongue, and even taste, our capacity for pleasure. In all those two days of
silent staring, father hardly ate. He said he had lost his taste for food, he was not hungry. Junior
and Nilo were more than happy to demolish his share of gruel with fish sauce.
Now after the thorough clean, the tongue was pricked with a fork to allow the flavours of all the
spices and condiments to penetrate the flesh. Then it was browned in olive oil. How I wished we
could prick my father’s tongue back to speech and even hunger, but of course we couldn’t,
because it had disappeared. It had been served on the devil’s platter with garlic, onion,
tomatoes, bay leaf, clove, peppercorns, soy sauce, even sherry, butter, and grated edam
cheese, with that aroma of something rich and foreign. His silent tongue was already luxuriating
in a multitude of essences, pampered into a piquant delight.
Perhaps, next he should sell his esophagus, then his stomach. I would if I had the chance to be
that pampered. To know for once what I would never taste. I would be soaked, steamed,
sautéed, basted, baked, boiled, fried and feted with only the perfect seasonings. I would
become an epicure. On a rich man’s plate, I would be initiated to flavours of only the finest
quality. In his stomach, I would be inducted to secrets. I would be ‘the inside girl’, and I could tell
you the true nature of sated affluence.
Source:https://www.slideshare.net/NicoleAngeliquePangilinan/lengua-para-diablo-
21st-century-literature-grade-11
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____________________________________________________________________________
Merlinda Bobis is a Filipino-Australian writer, most of her exceptional writings are the reflection
of realities but in different genre. Her technique in writing is using figurative language and it is
generally metaphorical that is both thought provoking and interesting. Some of her works
comprises Philippine culture.
4. In her excerpt, what reality does the author want to tell us about Philippine society? Do you
think this is still true? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. What common social issues are being tackled by the author in this excerpt?
____________________________________________________________________________
6. What Filipino family culture is dominantly described/ presented by the author in the excerpt?
Cite proof/evidences from the excerpt.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. The author used metaphor in her writing. Explain the metaphorical/symbolical meaning of
“tongue “in her excerpt.
____________________________________________________________________________
Good job! You can now proceed to the next part of this module. Are you ready?
Enrichment Activities
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“anak, ako ang nagluluwal
ng binhi ng isip.”
“inang, araw-araw yata
ay umiikli ang inyong
dila.”
“anak, anak, ang mga labi ko’y hitik sa
mga salitang napipi ng halik.”
“inang, hindi tadyang
ang hinugot kay adan-
puso.”
Source:
The Panitikan Website
www.panitikan.com.ph/poetry/usapanginaatanak.htm
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sa lamig ng panahon; dahil pag sinipon
ay hindi na makabangon.
Pag napaupo nang bigla
ay tuloy napapatihaya.
Sa hagdan, kahit pababa
sa pagod ay lawit ang
dila. Kapag tumatawid sa
daan, tumitigil lahat ng
sasakyan.
Inaantok sa sinehan kahit ang
palabas ay bakbakan Pag
nakakita ng bulaklak ay ataol
ang hinahanap.
Sa kaarawan, pag may handa
wala nang panauhing
kababata; kaya lahat nang
dumadalo ay isa-isang
nagmamano.
Pagdating ng takipsilim
ang pag-asa’y dumidilim
na makasungkit pa rin
ng kahit na isang bituin.
Kung kalamigan ang gabi, ay
nangangarap pa rin ng katabi
habang yakap-yakap ang sarili.
Source:https://poemsbyfilipinos.wordpress.com/category/abdon-m-balde-jr/
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air was decadent, morning breath to
demure.
Each choice was unscented more
than just a morass of flowers.
Unaware of its intricacies, the
shop was bounded by its limit
of life.
Tomorrow, begins a new day
again to see it beautifully.
The writer will write a melody
of a song remembered
awhile, then feel it through
the eyes in the heart of an
artist.
Source:https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Windowless_Shop
Generalization
1. Why do you think it is important to know and be familiar with the authors and their literary
works?
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2. How does literary texts affect the readers?
____________________________________________________________________________
Wow! You’re doing great!! You have come this far! Congratulations! Surely, this next task
will be very easy for you.
Application
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Gil L. Gregorio
In my childhood, the journey
was a perilous one: full of
hardships, pains and tears.
In my adulthood, the journey was a
generous one: full of wonders,
hardships and pains.
In my manhood, the journey was a
gentle one: full of smiles, wonders
and hardships.
But in me, of years... all
was in wonderful passion
that happened from the
beauty of everything new.
Now, I ask why?
Source:https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/a-journey-of-everything-new/
Congratulations! You have successfully completed all the previous tasks. What a great
achievement!
Now, you’re going to have the post-assessment test! Good luck!
IV. Assessment
I was sure that they were learning- (from Pedagogic by Cirilo F. Bautista
The word /title “Pedagogic” means ______.
a. the speaker is trying to teach something
b. the speaker is trying to learn something
c. the trees are learning
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3. It was not love, it was not folly,
I have no name to know it by,
I only know one shining instant
You held my earth, you held my sky. (from To Don Juan by Angela Manalang-
Gloria)
The lines express a feeling of_____________.
a. Happiness
b. Love
c. Regret
4. “Revolt from Hymen” is another literary work written by Angela Manalang-Gloria. Based
from the title itself, which do you think will be the nearest and most possible theme of the
poem?
a. Gender Equality
b. Feminism
c. Freedom
B. Find My Match
Match the following authors to their famous literary works.
Excellent job! You are almost done! Now, you will have the very last part of your learning
module.
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D. Poster-Making (can be posted on facebook)
E. Other creative forms
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