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  • Agricultural Mechanization

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    SAMIA AKHTAR
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    Agricultural mechanization involves using machines to conduct agricultural operations instead of human and animal labor. It increases productivity and reduces crop losses and labor drudgery. Mechanization includes tractors, threshers, and tube wells. It increases production volume, encourages multiple cropping, reduces dependence on animal power, and brings more land under cultivation. However, it also increases unemployment, is not suitable for small landholdings, requires costly machinery, and can cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. Recommendations include developing a farm mechanization database, diversifying tractor production, providing training and reducing machinery costs.

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    Agricultural mechanization involves using machines to conduct agricultural operations instead of human and animal labor. It increases productivity and reduces crop losses and labor drudgery. Mechanization includes tractors, threshers, and tube wells. It increases production volume, encourages multiple cropping, reduces dependence on animal power, and brings more land under cultivation. However, it also increases unemployment, is not suitable for small landholdings, requires costly machinery, and can cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. Recommendations include developing a farm mechanization database, diversifying tractor production, providing training and reducing machinery costs.

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    116 views3 pages

    Agricultural Mechanization

    Uploaded by

    SAMIA AKHTAR
    Agricultural mechanization involves using machines to conduct agricultural operations instead of human and animal labor. It increases productivity and reduces crop losses and labor drudgery. Mechanization includes tractors, threshers, and tube wells. It increases production volume, encourages multiple cropping, reduces dependence on animal power, and brings more land under cultivation. However, it also increases unemployment, is not suitable for small landholdings, requires costly machinery, and can cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. Recommendations include developing a farm mechanization database, diversifying tractor production, providing training and reducing machinery costs.

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    of 3

    Agricultural Mechanization

    Mechanization of agricultural means the use of machines for conducting agricultural operations,
    replacing the traditional methods which involve human and animal labor. Mechanization is an important
    ingredient of the strategy to accelerate growth rate in agriculture sector. Agricultural mechanization is
    viewed as package of technology to ensure timely field operations, increased productivity reduced crop
    losses and improved quality of grain or product. Agricultural machines have not only increased the
    mechanical advantage, but also helped to reduce drudgery, while performing the different agricultural
    operations. Agricultural mechanization implies the use of mechanical technology in the varied farming
    operations like sowing, harvesting, thrashing, leveling, watering, spraying, weeding etc. The agricultural
    mechanical technology includes:

    1. Chemical technology: Plant Protection measures


    2. Hydrological technology: Tube wells
    3. Mechanical technology: Tractors, Thrashers, Bulldozers etc.

    Arguments in Favor of Agricultural Mechanization


    Following are some of the arguments in favor of Agricultural Mechanization:

    1. Increase in Volume of Production: Agricultural mechanization has helped in increasing the volume of
    agricultural production.

    2. Encourages Multiple Cropping: Agricultural Mechanization encourages multiple cropping which was
    not possible under traditional farming.

    3. Reduces Dependence Upon Animal Power: Agricultural mechanization reduces dependence upon
    animal power which is costly and also slow in operation.

    4. Diversion of Land from Growing Fodder: Agricultural mechanization makes it possible to divert the
    land used for growing fodder for animal power. The same land can be brought under cultivation for growing
    food and non-food crops.

    5. Greater Area Under Cultivation: Agricultural mechanization saves labor, makes the job for leveling
    and preparation of land easy and helps in bringing more land under cultivation.

    6. Increase in Labor Productivity: Agricultural mechanization increases efficiency of farmers and raises
    the output per worker.

    7. Timely Water Supply, Spray etc.: The timely availability of water supply from tube wells, the use of
    new package of modern inputs has been made possible only with the help of mechanization. The use of
    modern inputs increased the yield of crops.

    8. Reduction of Cost: Due to efficient use of resources, through the mechanized farming the cost of
    production of various crops goes down.
    9. Increase in Income: Mechanization helps in increasing income of farmers by minimizing pre- and post-
    harvest losses.

    10.Provides Off Agricultural Employment: It provides off agricultural employment to the population
    living in rural areas.

    11.Self-Sufficiency in Food: Mechanization of agriculture helps in achieving self-sufficiency and surpluses


    in food and other crops.

    Arguments Against Agricultural Mechanization

    Following are the arguments against Agricultural Mechanization:

    1. Increase in Unemployment: The use of mechanized technology displaces labor and leads to increase in
    agricultural unemployment in the country.
    2. Not Suitable for Small Holding: The use of machinery is not profitable for small holdings. The majority
    of the farmers in underdeveloped countries is the owner of small holdings. Small size and scattered holdings
    of the farmers stand in the way of mechanization. As a result of this, farm machinery generally remains
    underutilized.
    3.Costly Machinery: Machinery requires large capital investment. Majority of small cultivators are poor
    who are not in a position to purchase the costly machinery. Only farmers that have enough money will be
    able to acquire machines.
    4. Social Disparity: Agricultural mechanization is basically capital intensive and has a big farmer bias. The
    farm machinery has large turning radius and thus require comparatively larger farm for economical use.
    Mechanization may lead to structural change in agriculture in respect of the occupational distribution in the
    rural economy. No doubt, the increasing farm mechanization is going to increase employment in secondary
    and tertiary sectors but it does displace labor in farm operations. It therefore, creates social disparity.
    5. Causes Environmental Pollution: The environment is polluted because of the use of machines. The
    exhaust from motor-vehicles and scraps from machines result in environmental pollution.
    6. Lack of Technical Knowledge: In the underdeveloped countries majority of farmers are uneducated and
    they cannot handle the machines. So, misuse of machinery causes a great loss to the farmer.
    7. Lack of Repair Facilities: The lack of repair and replacement facilities especially in the rural areas is
    another hindrance in efficient small farm mechanization.

    Recommendations
    1. A federally administrated fully computerized data base should be developed to understand the
    farm mechanization situation in a better way. It will help the policy makers and planners in better
    policy making.
    2. Tractor companies in the country should be encouraged to diversify their output by producing
    large and small tractors to fulfill power requirements.
    3. To optimize production of crops, management of agricultural machinery should be initiated
    especially in districts having potential soils and large areas under cultivation. To achieve this,
    training of technical staff and farmers in the use of agricultural equipment should be initiated.
    4. The cost of farm machines should be reduced for mechanized farming. For this purpose,
    agriculture machinery should be free of restrictions and reasonable level of protection should be
    provided to the local industry.
    5. Most of the modern farm machineries are designed and manufactured abroad such as combine
    harvesters. Research should be facilitated in Pakistan to test the suitability and applicability of
    imported farm machinery to Pakistani conditions and whenever possible to adopt them for local
    use.

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