TUTORIAL SHEET 2

1. Annual runoff in terms of depth over the catchment area of 1,675 km 2 of a reservoir is given in Table Q1

Table Q1

Year 1962 1963 1964 196 1966 1967 1968 196

5 9

Runof 98 143.5 168.3 94 95.3 152.4 110 131.

f (cm) 3

Draw the mass flow diagram. What is the average yield from the catchment? What should be the live
storage capacity of the reservoir to use the source fully? If the dead storage is 20% of the live storage,
what is the gross storage? Mark the filling and emptying periods on the mass curve.

2. The yield of water in Mm3 from a catchment area during each successive month is given in Table Q2.

Table Q2

1.4 2.1 2.8 8.4 11.9 11.9 7.7 2.8 2.52 2.24 1.96 1.68

Determine the minimum capacity of a reservoir required to allow the above volume of water to be drawn
of at a uniform rate assuming that there is no loss of water over the spillway.

3. The runoff data for a river during a lean year is given in Table Q3.

Table Q3

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

River
flow in
106 m3 140 27 35 26 16 48 212 180 116 92 67 37

What is the maximum uniform demand that can be met by this flow? What is the storage capacity
required to meet this demand? What minimum initial storage is necessary? When does the reservoir
become empty?

4. The storage capacity of a reservoir for a flood control project is to be determined. The estimated cost of
damage if the emergency spillway is topped is USD 100,000 for each event. The interest rate is 6% and
the reservoir life is 50 years. Six reservoir designs of different storage capacities; the probabilities of
 exceeding those capacities in any given year; and the estimated initial cost for construction of the
reservoir are as indicated in Table Q4. Determine the optimal storage capacity of the reservoir.

Table Q4

Reservoir design no. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Flood storage capacity in 105 m3 30 35 40 45 50 55

Probability of exceeding storage capacity in any .15 . .06 . .02 .01

year 10 04

Estimated initial cost in 105 dollars 25 30 35 40 45 50

5. The following information is available regarding the relationship between trap efficiency and capacity-
inflow ratio.

Capacity inflow ratio 0. 0. 0. 0.4 0. 0.6 0. 0.9 0. 1.0

1 2 3 5 7 9

Trap efficiency 87 93 95 95.5 96 96.5 97 97 97 97.5

percent

Find the probable life of the reservoir with an initial reservoir capacity of 30x10 6 m3, if the average annual
flood inflow is 60x106m3 and the average annual sediment inflow is 200,000 tonnes. Assume a specific
weight of the sediment of 1.2g/cc. The usual life of the reservoir will terminate when 80% of its initial
capacity is filled up with sediment.

6. A proposed reservoir has a capacity of 500 ha-m. The catchment area is 125km2, and the annual
streamflow averages 12cm of runoff. If the annual sediment production is 0.03 ha-m per km 2, what is the
probable life of the reservoir before its capacity is reduced by 10% of its initial capacity by
sedimentation? The relationship between trap efficiency 𝞰 (%) and capacity-inflow ratio is given below.

7. The inflow flood discharges for a possible worst flood are tabulated in Table Q7 at suitable intervals
starting from 0.00Hrs on August 20, 1975.

Table Q7
Time
from start
in hr. 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 51 60 66 78 90 102 114

Discharge
in cumecs
0 50 28 610 1290 1900 2130 190 1600 1440 1060 780 50 370 220 130
0 0 0

This flood approaches a reservoir with an uncontrolled spillway, the crest of which is kept at a reduced
level of 140.0 m. Determine the maximum reservoir level and the hydrograph of the routed flood. Values
of reservoir capacity (above spillway crest) and outflow discharge at various elevations are tabulated in
Table Q7(a) and Q7(b) respectively.

Table Q7(a)

Elevation in metres 140.0 141.0 142. 143.0 144.0 145.0 146.0

0

Reservoir storage with spillway crest as datum

in million m3
0.0 15.0 35.0 60.0 95.0 140.0 240.0

Table Q7(b)

Elevation 140.0 141. 142.0 143.0 144. 145.0 146.0

0 0

Outflow discharge in 0 170 482 883 1,36 1,905 2,500

cumecs 0

8. The hydrograph of inflow to a reservoir is given in Table Q8. The reservoir is full at the start of the flood
inflow. The storage S of reservoir above spillway crest is given in million cubic metres by: S = 0.64h,
where h is the head in metres above the crest. The discharge over the spillway is given in cumecs by Q =
60h. Find the head over the spillway crest at the end of the 8 th day of the flood.

Table Q8

Time (days) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Flow 60 115 425 550 440 320 260 200 150 110 60
(m3/sec)

9. A flood with the hydrograph given in Table Q9 enters a river reach; the best values of x and K for which
had been predetermined as 0.2 and 0.9 day respectively. Determine the outflow flood hydrograph for this
 river reach. Draw the inflow and outflow flood hydrographs on the same scale and determine the peak of
the outflow flood and its time of occurrence.
Table Q9

Time from start (h) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54

Flow in cumecs 100 2000 7500 10000 780 6000 4700 360 2700 2000
0 0 0

10. The storage in a stream reach has been studied; and x and K have been identified as 0.28 and 1.6 days. If
the inflow hydrograph in the stream reach as the flood starts coming in and passes, is given in Table Q10,
compute the outflow hydrograph (plotting is not necessary).
Table Q10

Hours 0 6 12 18 24 30

Inflow (m3/s) 35 55 92 130 160 140