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21 Century Literature From The World and The Philippines: 4 Quarter Week 1
21 Century Literature From The World and The Philippines: 4 Quarter Week 1
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Competency: MELCs- Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing
an adaptation of these require the learner the ability to identify.
a. the Geographic, linguistic and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-
colonial to the contemporary.
b. Representative texts and authors from each regions (e.g. engage in oral history research
with focus and key personalities from the student’s region/province/town)
WHAT IS LITERATURE?
According to John J. Mark whose article was published through the Ancient History Encyclopedia.
Literature ( from the Latin word “ Litera” meaning letters and referring to an acquaintance
with the written word) is the written work of a specific culture , subculture, religion, philosophy or
the study of such written work which may appear in poetry or in prose.( Ancient History
Encyclopedia, 2009) Moreover ,Literature is the art of written works, and is not banned to
published sources( although unpublished sources can be exempt). Literary translated, the word
literature means “acquaintance with letter”( as in the arts and letters).
Written works with artistic value: written works, e.g. fiction, poetry and drama,
that are recognized as having important or permanent artistic value.
Body of written works: the body of written works of culture, language, people or
period of time , example: Philippine Literature, Russian Literature etc.
Writings on subject: the body od musical compositions for a particular instrument
or group of instruments, example: literature for the piano.
Printed information: printed matter such as brochures or flyers that give
information, example: the company’s promotional literature.
Production of literary works: the creation of literary work, especially as an art or
occupation.
According to R.A Scott James ( The making of Literature), it is with literature as an art that
it should be clearly distinguished from the literature which sets out to impart knowledge or produce
moral convention. Obvious as the difference may seem to us, it was not always obvious, and the
border-line is blurred even today. It is the distinction which may be made between two drawings of
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Timelessness
The condition of literature being timeless means that it can be applied to
different context and situations.
Eternity
It is a characteristic of literature that pertains to the appeal of the moral
values of the literary masterpiece towards its audience.
Universality
This literature characteristic pertains to the global applicability in which a
work transcends across culture, gender, religion, age and time and
generation.
Permanence
Literature is a permanent expression in words of some thought of feelings or
idea about life and the word. Once it was told, it will never be forgotten. It is
like a mark which endures time and generation that remains in the hearts
and minds of every spectator or reader.
We study literature because it feeds our souls. Great works of literature threat timeless
themes that resonate with readers across centuries. The human condition remains
fundamentally the same today as it was when the printed word was first produced. More than
this, there are several reasons why we study literature.
Understanding social milieu
Understanding culture
Understanding human nature and behavior
Develop historical sense
Relish aesthetics of artistic expression
By studying good literature, we learn more about human problems and
difficulties
Universality of such problems and ways to overcome them
Humanity and compassion International understanding and world peace
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Discuss intelligently the following questions. Write your answer on the space
provided.
1. On your own understanding, what is literature all about?
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ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Discuss intelligently the following questions. Write your answer on the space
provided.
3. What are the positive and negative impact on your part as we learnt about literature?
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21ST Century Literature is the new literary work which deals with current themes/ issues
and reflects a technological culture. It is created with the last decade written by contemporary
authors who often breaks traditional writing rules. Emerging genres like IM and blog
formatbooks, digi- fiction, doodle fiction and graphic novels. Generally, 50% of the
narratives areproduced without words and are mainly technologically based literature.
They say that the pen is mightier than the sword and Rizal’s 1889 novel Noli Me Tangere
was the impetus that turned Philippine society upside down. When Rizal peaceful La Liga group
failed in achieving the political and religious reforms being asked by the Spaniards, younger
upstart heroes like Bonifacio and Jacinto who have read his novel were roused into action to
establish the revolutionary sect Katipunan.
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On December 30, 1896 after five years of trial and exile, the entire nation
witnessed the execution of Jose Rizal in Luneta by firing squad. Four months before on August
19, 1896, the Spanish authorities had discovered the whereabouts of Katipunan. To
show their open rebellion, the Katipuneros toretheir cedulas and took to their bolos in the Cry of
Balintawak. From then on untilJune 12, 1898, it was open warfare for Katipuneros against the
Spaniards.
3. Martial Law
ACTIVITY 2
DIRECTIONS: Cite other historical events that influenced the 21st century Philippine literature.
Include your references. Use the space provided
.
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The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the
country’shistory. This can best be appreciated in the context of the country’s pre-
colonial culturaltraditions and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary
traditions.
The average Filipino’s unfamiliarity with his indigenous literature was largely due towhat
has been impressed upon him: that his country was discovered and, hence,
Philippinehistory started only in 1521.
So successful were the efforts of colonialists to blot out the memory of the country’slargely
oral past that present-day Filipino writers, artists, and journalists are trying to correct thisinequity
by recognizing the country’s wealth of ethnic traditions and disseminating them inschools
and in the mass media.
The arousing of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s also helped bring about this
change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned about the “Filipino identity”.
Pre-Colonial Times
Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists we areable
to know more and better judge information about our pre-colonial times set against a bulk
ofmaterial about early Filipinos recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chronicles of the
past
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Kinds of Speeches
1. Riddles
2. Aphorisms or Proverbs
The proverbs or aphorisms express norms or codes of behavior, community
beliefs or they instill values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming
verse.
3. Tanaga
Galit
Ang damdami’y sumisikdo
sa balitang di totoo;
habang sila’y nanunudyo,
poot nag-aalimpuyo.
4. Folksongs
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5. Folk Narratives
The folk narratives, i.e. epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical. Theyexplain
how the world was created, how certain animals possess certaincharacteristics, why
some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora orfauna and, in the case of legends, an
explanation of the origins of things. Fables areabout animals and these teach moral lessons
Lam-ang (Ilocano);
Hinilawad(Sulod);
Kudaman (Palawan);
Darangen (Maranao);
Ulaningan(Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo)
ACTIVITY 3
DIRECTIONS: Answer and give examples of the following.
SET A
1. What are your thoughts about living in the past as compared to present time?
SET B
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1. Oral Literature
a. Riddles b. Proverbs
2. Folk songs
a. Lullabies b. Drinking Songs c. Love songs d. Religious songs e. Songs of Death
3. Folktales
a. Myth b. Legends c. Fables d. Epics
The start of the Philippines more colorful history took place in March 6,
1521when Ferdinand Magellan docked on the shores of Homonhon.
The Filipinos were then called “Ladinos” meaning they were latinized.
Filipinos were called two things. One is “taga-bayan” while the others “taga-
bukid” or “taga-bundok”
A person who is “taga-bayan” is considered urbane or civilized and were in
easyrange of the church and state.
A person who is “taga-bundok” or “taga-bukid” is called bruto savage
(savagebrute) or Indio and were the ones who lived far from the center of the
Spanishpower
FORMS:
a. Pasyon – it is about the passion (journey and suffering) and the death ofJesus Christ
b. Senakulo – it is the re-enactment of the Pasyon
c. Komedya – it depicts the European society through love and fame, but can also be a
narrative about journey, just like Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy. It is also
considered religious, because it usually depicts thebattle between the Christians and the
Saracens or the Moros.
3. Propaganda Literature
* These were in the forms of satires, editorials and news articles that aimedto attack the Spanish
rule. The propaganda trinity is composed of Dr. JoseRizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Graciano
Lopez Jaena.
* Ang Fray Botod one of Jaena’s works written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, sixyears after the Cavite
Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines. Heexposed how some of the friars were greedy,
ambitious and immoral.
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4. Revolutionary Literature.
* Are exposes that sparked revolution and resistance in the hearts of Filipinos.
Andres Bonifacio
1. Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan – an outline ofobligations just like the
Ten Commandments, hence it islikewise called as “Ang Dekalogo”
2. Ang Dapat mabatid ng mga Tagalog – an essay outlining thebasic tenets of Bonifacio’s
ideas on nationalism.
Emilio Jacinto
1. Liwanag at Dilim – a collection of essays on different subjectslike freedom, work, faith,
government and love of country.
Apolinario Mabini
1. El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina (The Rise andthe Fall of the Philippine
Republic) – this essay highlights theestablishment of the Philippine Republic and its
subsequentdoom due to disunity among the Filipinos
5. Publications
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In the 21st century Philippines, there are a lot of literary innovations that
areadapted and created by Filipinos. Nowadays, even those who do not have any
significant literarybackground make their own way using the freedom that they have to write
and to express.
There are a lot of new forms from the basic genres of literature; thus, proving howfar
the literature in the Philippines has gone and how far it will go on from here.
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SET A – Identify the following. Write your answer after each sentence.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Batute a) Tanikalang Ginto
2.JuanAbad b) Divine Comedy
__________________3.Graciano Lopez Jaena c) Ang Dekalogo
__________________4.InigoEdRegalado d) Everything is Hambug
__________________5.ClementeZulueta e) La Independencia
__________________6.DanteAlighieri f) Walang Sugat
__________________7.SeverinoReyes g) Mga Gintong Dahon
__________________8.AndresBonifacio h) Madaling Araw
__________________9.EmilioJacinto i) Noli of Rizal
____________10. Fr. Jose Rodriguez j) Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas
k) Liwanag at Dilim
l) La Libertad
Rubrics
5pts – The answer is related to the overall idea presented and the uniformity
ofsentence is excellent.
3pts – The answer is somewhat related to the idea presented and the uniformity
ofsentence is good.
References
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