9 Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: [email protected]/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4: Week 6 (W8-W9)
Learning Activity Sheet
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name: Date:
Section: Quarter 4 – Week 6 (W8-W9)

Applications of Oblique Triangles

Background Information

WORD SEARCH
The following word search activity will ask to find eight (8) terms on the left that
are used to classify a triangle. Find all of them by encircling each word.
HINT:
E Q U I L A T E R A L H Z C
EQUIANGULAR X B N T M D R B A V G Z Q U
EQUILATERAL M E A S C A L E N E Z T A J
RIGHT A A E Q U I A N G U L A R W
SCALENE G C K A W O N E C U Q B E E
ISOSCELES C W O F E L K I T I B A R U
OBLIQUE M E P D L I M G U O T Q L H
ACUTE N O F M Q Q W H L D U O G V
OBTUSE R D K X N U D T F O S Y S S
O V E A Q E T U C A E E Q G
R H C C I S O S C E L E S K

Right triangles were solved with the aid of the Pythagorean theorem and the trigonometric
ratios involving acute angles. However, a lot of real-world problems involve either acute or oblique
triangles. Thus, we shall look for a way to solve these types of triangles, which are called oblique. An
oblique triangle is a triangle that is not a right triangle.

Remember: To solve an oblique triangle, we need to know the measure of one side and any of the
following:
i. two angles
ii. one angle and another side
iii. the other two sides

This will lead to four possible cases to consider:

1) one side and two angles (AAS/ASA)
2) two sides and an angle opposite one of them (SSA)
3) two sides and the angle between them (SAS)
4) three sides (SSS)

That will lead to the two laws in solving oblique triangles:

LAW OF SINES LAW OF COSINES

If a triangle with sides a, b and c, opposite the For a triangle with sides a, b and c,
angles A, B, and C respectively, then: opposite the angles A, B, and C respectively,
then the following is true:
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
= =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
or b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
= =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

If two angles and a side are given, we have the The given conditions corresponds to either
AAS or ASA case. SAS or SSS cases.

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KEEP IN MIND:

To solve a real-life application involving oblique triangles:

 Draw the triangle and label the sides and angles.

 If two angles are known, start by determining the third angle.
 Whenever possible, use the given values rather than the calculated (approximate) values.
 Remember in any triangle:
1) The shortest side is opposite the largest angle.
2) The longest side of the triangle is opposite the largest angle.
3) The sum of the measures of the two sides is greater than the third side.

Example 1: A surveyor wants to determine the distance between two points A and B on opposite
sides of a river. He knows the distance between points B and C on the same side to 327 meters (see
figure). If angles B and C measures 114° and 13°, respectively, find the distance AB?
Given:
Solution:
a = 327 m
Draw the triangle and label each side ∠B = 114°
∠C = 13°
Find: side c
C Note: Since two angles and one side are given, this is
a triangle of ASA case. We can find the third angle and
B use the Law of Sines to determine the distance AB.
B 13° To get the third angle:
A ∠A = 180° - (114° + 13°) = 180° - 127° = 53°
B
Formula:
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
= = , so we will use =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
because we already have the value of ∠A and in order
to determine AB.
Let AB = c (distance between A and B)
To get AB:
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 Use the formula from the Law of Sines
=
𝑎 𝑐
𝑎 sin 𝐶 = 𝑐 sin 𝐴 Multiplication Property of Equality
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 Multiplication Property of Equality
=
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
= 𝑐 Simplify
sin 𝐴
327 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 130 )
c= 0 Substitute the value of a, A, and C.
sin 53
327 (0.22) Getting the value of sin 13° using calculator and round-off to two decimal places.
c=
0.80 Getting the value of sin 53o using calculator and round-off.
71.94 Multiply the value of sin 13° by the given measurement of a.
c=
0.80
c = 89.93 Answer

Therefore, the distance between points A and B is 89.93 meters

Note: The unit of measurement is important for the final answer.

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Example 2:

Two trains left the same station at 9:00 am and travelled in straight lines at speed of 58 miles per hour
and 63 miles per hour, respectively. If the difference in their directions is 132°, how far apart are the
two trains in 9:15 am?

Solution:
Computation after 15 minutes:

c = 58 miles/hour x 15 min./ 60 min. (cancelled min = 1 hour)

58 (15) 870
= = = 14.5 miles
60 60

a = 63 miles/hour x 15 min./ 60 min. (cancelled min = 1 hour)

63 (15) 945
= = = 15.75 miles Note: After 15 minutes, the two
60 60
trains have travelled 14.5 miles
Draw the triangle and label each side and 15.75 miles respectively;
thus, we illustrate the position of
Station the trains at 9:15 as follows.
B
132° a = 15.75

A C
b

Given:
∠B = 132°
a = 15.75 miles
c = 14.5 miles
Find: b (distance between the trains)

Note: Since two sides are given and one angle, this is a triangle of SAS case, thus, Law of Cosines
will be used.
Formulas:
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
To get the distance between two trains (b):

b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B (Use the formula from the Law of Cosines based on the given)

b2 = (15.75)2 + (14.5)2 – 2(15.75)(14.5) (cos 132°) (Substitute the given)

b2 = 248.06 + 210.25 – 2(228.38) (-0.67) (Evaluate and round-off)

b2 = 458.31 – 2(-153.01) (Simplify)

b2 = 458.31 + 306.03 (Simplify)

b = √764.34 (Add then get the square root)

b = 27.65 miles (The distance between two trains)

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Learning Competency:
Solves problems involving oblique triangles. (M9GE-IVh-j-1)

General Directions: Read carefully the directions indicated in the following activities, then, provide
what is needed or asked in each item. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 1: I am the Law!

On your answer sheet, write the applicable laws intended in each formula. (Law of Sines or
Law of Cosines)
1. sin A = sin B
a b

2. c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C

3. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B

4. b = c
sin B sin C

5. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A

Activity 2: Basic Application!

Bright, Win and Pete went on a camping in the woods. They each have their own tent and
they set it up in a triangular way. Bright and Win are 10 meters apart. The angle formed at Bright is
30°. The angle formed at Pete is 105°. Write the letter of your choice answer on your answer sheet.
1. Who represents an angle of 30°?
a. Bright b. Kao c. Pete d. Win
2. Who represents an angle of 105°?
a. Bright b. Kao c. Pete d. Win
3. What formula will be used in this problem?
a. Law of Cosines b. Law of the Land c. Law of Sines d. None
4. How many friends went on a camping in the wood?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
5. What is the value of side c which is the meters apart of Bright and Win?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10

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Activity 3: Complete Me!
Using the problem in activity 2, complete what is being asked for. Bright, Win and Pete went
on a camping in the woods. They each have their own tent and they set it up in a triangular way.
Bright and Win are 10 meters apart. The angle formed at Bright is 30°. The angle formed at Pete is
105°. How far apart are Win and Pete?
Formula: _______________________________________
Substitute the given: _______________________________
Multiplication Property of Equality: _____________________
Cancellation Method: _______________________________
How far apart are Win and Pete? ______________________

Activity 4: WRITTEN WORKS

Solve this problem by following the given steps below:
There are two ships that are sailing from General Santos City. Ship A is sailing east, and ship
B is sailing 43° south of east. After an hour, ship A has travelled 115 km and ship B has travelled 98
km. How far are the two ships?
1) Draw and label the triangle
2) Identify the given
3) Formula used
4) Solutions
5) Final Answer

Activity 5: PERFORMANCE TASK

Create a problem situation based on what you see in the illustration below. Present a solution to the
problem you made. Enjoy! Hint: Use Law of Cosines.

5
Reflection
As a learner, what is the importance of solving oblique triangles in your real-life situations?

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References

Christopher C. Dacanay & Shiela S. Demegillo, Empowering through Math 9, Quezon City,
Ephesians Publishing Inc. 2017, 296-317 6

Classroom Teacher. Solving Word Problems Involving Oblique Triangle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TCOda2EiTY (May 24, 2020)

Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material. DepEd, First Edition, 2014, 503

Thomas and Friends Train Clipart: Retrieved from;

https://www.google.com/search?q=thomas+and+friends+clipart&tbm (March 22, 2021)

Answers Key

Activity 1: I am the Law!

1. Law of Sines
2. Law of Cosines
3. Law of Cosines
4. Law of Sines
5. Law of Cosines

Activity 2: Basic Application!

1. a
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. b

Activity 3: Complete Me!

Formula: sin B = sin C (Law of Sines)
b c

Substitute the given: sin 30° = sin 105°

b 10

Multiplication Property of Equality: 10 sin 30° = b sin 105°

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Cancellation Method: 10 sin 30° = b sin 105°
sin 105° sin 105°

How far apart are Win and Pete? b = 5.18 meters

Rubrics for Activity 4 and 5

Criteria

(4) (3) (1)

(2)
Neatness The drawing is The drawing is The drawing is The drawing is
and organized, neat, organized, but less easy to difficult to
Organizations and in an easy to on neatness but it understand. understand.
(Activity 4 only) understand format. was in an easy to
understand format.
Content All information Some information Some Majority of the
Accuracy recorded is recorded are information are entries are
complete and all complete, while inaccurate or missing.
entries are some are incomplete.
included. incomplete.
Solutions and Solutions are Solutions are Some solutions No attempt.
Final Answer complete and complete and are correct but
correct with correct correct but the final incorrect final
final answer. answer is incorrect. answer.

Prepared by:

DAYMAL M. ALMARIO
Writer/Illustrator
Teacher III
Matatalaib High School