District No.

: _____________ School: ___________________________________________

Grade Level: ______7_____ Specialization: TLE - Agricultural Crop Production 7

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

Learning Activity Sheet # 6 Quarter 4 - Week 6

Name:___________________________________________________ Section:
_____________________

I. Introductory Concept:
Designing a proper layout is important because it has a direct relationship with efficiency of
operations and cost of production. It is a guide of what you are going to do in your garden.
II. Learning Objectives
Most Essential Learning Competencies
L.O.1 Layout Garden Plots
1.1 Design farm plans and lay outs according to crop grown.
1.2 Follow strictly planting system and practices according to approved cultural practices.

Information Sheet
INTERPRET FARM PLANS AND LAYOUTS
The Farming for the Future‘ (FFTF) program can help you to plan the best farm layout. It is
an initiative of NSW Government agencies focusing on whole farm planning. A whole farm plan
considers the farm‘s physical, financial and human/personal resources for both now and the future.
Site assessment
An on-site assessment of a farm is necessary so that a map can be drawn of the property‘s
topography, boundaries, soils, water resources and so on, and a farm business plan can be
formulated.
Government plans
Acquaint yourself with relevant Regional Environmental Plans (REPs), Local Environmental
Plans (LEPs), and Development Control Plans (DCPs) and their short and long-term effects on your
proposed or existing farm enterprise. This will help reduce unforeseen risks and enhance your farm
business. Council‘s building approval or development consent (DAs) may be needed for siting
greenhouses, siting and constructing dams or erecting hail and windbreak netting. Council approval
to clear land or a ‗no burning of crop debris or waste materials on farm‘ may apply. Consent will be
required if odor or noise is a nuisance likely to be generated from the development.
How Crops are Arranged in Row Planting
Row planting as applied in conventional horizontal farming or gardening is a system of
growing crops in linear pattern in at least one direction rather than planting without any distinct
arrangement. It is practiced in most crops whether direct seeded, transplanted or grown from
vegetative planting materials, both in monocropping and multiple cropping.
Crops are planted in rows or straight lines, either singly or in multiple rows, mainly to
enhance maximum yields as well as for convenience. An east-west row orientation is preferred to
maximize light absorption, but this is not always possible. In many cases the topography that
includes the shape, terrain and slope of the land, as well as the location of existing vegetation,
roads, irrigation lines, buildings and physical barriers, dictate the row orientation.
The specific advantages of row planting over broadcasting or scatter planting include the
following: (1) light absorption is maximized and, conversely, the excessive shading effect of other
plants is minimized thus favoring more efficient photosynthesis and improved crop yield; (2) wind
passage along the interrows is enhanced which increases gas exchanges and prevents excessive
humidity; (3) access through the interrows facilitates cultivation, weeding, and other farm operations
including hauling; (4) movement within the crop area is convenient and allows close inspection of
individual plants; and (5) visibility is enhanced.
Row Planting Arrangement
 Row-planted crops are either arranged in equidistant single rows or in multiple rows.
Planting in single rows is most common in monocropping or sole cropping, the growing of a single
crop.
Different systems of planting arrangement within the row are practiced in both single and
multiple row planting, depending on the characteristics and requirement of the crop, particularly its
extent of canopy expansion. In the hill method of planting crops by direct seeding, the crops are
arranged, singly or in group, in uniform distances. But in the drill method, the only consideration is a
uniform number of plants per linear meter.
In row-planted fruit trees and other perennial crops like coconut, oil palm and rubber, the
common types of planting or spatial arrangement are the square, rectangular, quincunx, and
triangular or hexagonal.
Multiple Row Planting Arrangement
Multiple row planting is a system of growing crops in blocks or strips of 2 or more rows. The
adjacent blocks are separated by a space which may remain vacant or planted to other crops. This
planting arrangement is common in multiple cropping in which two or more crops are grown in the
same piece of land. It is also employed in monocropping where an alley wide enough to facilitate
passage is needed.
Coconut and other perennial crops are often intercropped with multiple rows of annual crops
like corn and pineapple. This is a common practice of maximizing the use of vacant interrow spaces
when the maincrop has not fully developed thus allowing sufficient light exposure. In some farms,
the intercrop consists of multiple rows of such crops as coffee, cacao and banana. In this system,
both single row planting (for the maincrop) and multiple row planting (for the intercrop) are
combined.
In vegetable production that employs close spacing and where crops should be within easy
reach, the common practice is to plant in plots having multiple rows. A space between plots is
provided to allow passage.
Spatial Arrangement in Intercropping
Spatial arrangement is the systematic apportioning of the farm area or any growing surface
for crop production. In multiple cropping by intercropping, the intercrop can be planted in any of the
following ways: (1) within the rows of the maincrop, (2) between the rows of the maincrop, and (3) in
replacement series Planting of the intercrop between two adjacent hills within the same row of the
main crop allows interrow cultivation but the intercrop has limited exposure to sunlight. This is
exemplified by the planting of peanut or mungbean between corn plants within the same row or two
coffee plants that are 3 m apart between coconut plants.
Single row planting of the intercrop can also be done between the rows of the maincrop. For
example, peanut or mungbean can be dibbled between two adjacent rows of corn. This system of
planting arrangement is likewise common in coconut farms where fruit trees like durian, lanzones
and mangosteen are grown in single rows between coconut.
Methods of Planting Crops in the Farm
In general, there are two methods of planting crops: direct seeding and transplanting. Direct
seeding is either by broadcast, hill or dibble, or by drill method. The hill and the drill methods are
alternative options in row planting.
Direct seeding or direct sowing is a method of planting in which seeds are directly planted on
the ground in the farm or any growing surface while transplanting makes use of pre-grown plants,
seedlings or vegetatively propagated clones. The term transplanting is also used to refer to the
practice of replanting an already established plant in one location and moving it elsewhere.
Direct seeding generally applies to large-seeded vegetables as well as in cereals and grain
legumes. Transplanting is most common with small-seeded vegetables, vegetatively propagated
crops, ornamental crops, fruit trees and many perennial crops. The term direct seeding is also
commonly used to refer to the planting of seedpieces or underground vegetative planting materials
directly into the soil.
In both the hill and drill methods of planting crops by direct seeding, there is a desired row-
to-row spacing. Hills with a single or multiple number of plants are spaced uniformly within each row
 so that in the hill method there is always a reference to hill distance and number of plants per hill. A
hill is that specific spot on the ground on which a plant or a group of plants is grown. In contrast,
there is no uniform spacing between plants in the row in the drill method, but uniformity in number of
plants per linear meter is intended.
The hill method of direct seeding is done by dropping seeds in holes made by a dibbler or in
furrows that are more or less equidistant. But with mechanized farming, a combine furrower-planter
is commonly used.
In planting corn under rainfed conditions at a population density of, for instance, 60,000
plants per hectare at 1 plant per hill in rows 70 cm apart, the farmer walks forward along a furrow
and drops a seed every 23.8 cm to the bottom of the furrow. He does not carry a measuring tool, he
just estimates distances on the ground with impressive accuracy borne of long experience. To cover
the seeds, he merely sweeps the ridge at either side of the furrow by one foot to push some soil
toward the seed and steps thereon to press the soil on top of the seed.
The drill method of planting crops is done, either manually or mechanically, by releasing
seeds continuously, as if pouring water from a bottle with a small opening. Manual drilling applies to
small seeds like rice, millet, and mungbean and is usually done by hand. It can also be
accomplished by placing small, roundish seeds in a bottle with a hole on the cover. The seeds are
simply released by tilting and slightly shaking the bottle so that the seeds drop one after the other or
in a cascade through the hole and toward the ground.
In contrast to direct seeding, transplanting is a method of planting crops in which potted
plants or pre-grown seedlings or clones are planted on the ground, other growing surface, or any
growing structure. Transplanting is also convenient with a few plants that can be transferred with a
ball of soil around the roots. In some vegetables, it is common to prick seedlings from the seedbed
and transplant them bareroot to the garden plot. In perennial species like coffee at a time when
rainfall has become frequent and light is not intense, uprooted wildlings or bareroot transplants have
been directly planted.
III. Activities
General Directions: Read and understand the directions for each activity. Answer by writing
DIRECTLY on the activity sheet.
Assessment Activity 1:
Interpret the drawing below:

MAKE YOUR INTERPRETATION:

1. What is the area of the land?
2. How many rows are there in the area?
3. How many plants are there in a row?
4. How many plants are there in the area?
5. What is the distance between plants per row?
 6. What is the distance of plants between hill?
7. How many plants are there in row A?
8. What is the length of the area?
9. What is the width of the area?
10. How many plants are needed in rows A,B and C?
Assessment Activity 2: (Performance Activity) Layout your own garden plot.
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Put 1 inch border lines on your bond paper
2. Use the following data in making your layout Imagine that 1 cm on your drawing is equivalent to
1m
A. Width= 16 m B. Length=19 m C. Planting distance will depend on your crop to be
planted
3. Sketch inside the border lines your plot layout
IV. Rubrics for Scoring
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 EARNED
POINTS
Originality Completed output Completed output Completed output Completed
and is exceptionally is creative and is creative but not output is not
Creativity creative and original. original. creative and not
original. original.
Neatness Completed output Completed output Completed output Completed
is exceptionally is neat. has some messy output is messy.
neat. parts.
Timeliness Submitted the Submitted the Submitted output Submitted
output on time. output two weeks four weeks late. output six
late. weeks onwards
late.
Total
Points

V. References
Agricultural Crop Production 7 pages 72-78
Code: TLE_AFAC7/8ID-Of-g
Curriculum Guide Page 4

Prepared by:

NANCY V. BENDAÑA
Teacher III