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Modules Philo SHS
Modules Philo SHS
Objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to understand the
meaning and process of doing philosophy, to:
Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know.
WHAT I KNOW?
below. What words come to mind when you hear the word Philosophy? Why do we
need to study Philosophy?
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Great job! Later we will see if your answers are correct by reading the rest of this
module.
WHAT’S IN?
The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom). The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they
soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.
Philosophy in simple words is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and
society. It works by asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought,
the nature of the universe, and the connections between them. The ideas in
philosophy are often general and abstract.
Philosophy is the study of humans and the world by thinking and asking questions. It
is a science and an art. Philosophy tries to answer important questions by coming up
with answers about real things and asking "why?"
What’s new?
Directions: You are tasked to compare the statements below and state your
observations.
STATEMENT 1
Questions:
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3.Which questions is requires an explanation?
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What I Know?
MAGTANONG AY DI BIRO
Directions: you are required to create 4 question based or related to the picture that will be
shown. (2) questions will start with “how” and the other two will begin with why statements
only
1. 2.
In the space provided below, write down all your questions .
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What is in ?
Explain me, please!
HPYSPHLOIO
Rearrange this letter :
Explain your own meaning INSTRUCTION: Write your answer in the space provided
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Direction: You need to examine each quotation. Write PB If the message falls under
one of the philosophies of Practical Branch and TB If it is under one of the
philosophies in Theoretical Branch.
1. 2.
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3.________________________
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Sample Essay.
What am I? This is a question that I should ask myself everyday. It's a question that
helps me to evaluate my life, and what it means to me. In order to complete this
personal evaluation, I will split my life into three categories: spiritual, mental, and my
view of life.
What Is in
Why are you need to study of Philosophy? Give your own explanation .
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WHAT’S NEW?
Do you know of some Greek Philosophers? Philosophers- are people who engage in
philosophy.
Direction: Identify the following person in the picture below. Write your answer on the
space provided below.
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WHAT IS IT?
The most notable ancient Greek philosophers are:
https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/introduction-to-the-philosophy-of-the-human-
person-introduction-to-philosophy
Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE)- A mathematician and scientist, he was credited
with formulating the Pythagorean theorem.
Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475 BCE)- He proposed that everything that exists is based
on a higher order or plan which he called logos.
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to the study of the causes of
natural phenomena.
Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE)- He was a known advocate of living a
simple and virtuous life.
Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that philosophy could enable man to
live a life of happiness.
Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the foremost philosophers of
ancient times. He was credited with formulating the Socratic method- means of
examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and
analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.
Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s
teaching and incorporated some of his own ideas into them. Plato’s most significant
ideas included his Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exist is
based on an idea or template than can only be perceived in the mind. Plato is also
known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed
in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution to learning was
his founding of the Academy, an institution of higher learning.
Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the Academy, and was the prominent
student of Plato. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality
is based on what we can sense and perceive. His studies in logic led to the
formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive
reasoning-the process by which specific statements are analyze to reach a
conclusion or generalization.
What is more? Crossword Puzzle
Find the Philosophers inside the puzzle and shade the color what you like.
p h e o s o d c r h
c y l t o d a s g e
s e t i c o p e h r
e m o h r t l n c a
n b t r a d a e o c
e o s b t g t g l l
g g i m e g o o d i
o c r o s l t r b t
i h a e g o i d a u
d e m o c r i t u s
Search
Democritus Heraclitus Pythagoras
Plato Socrates
Aristotle Diogenes
We have already discussed the meaning of Philosophy from our previous lesson.
Now, let us proceed to another topic.
WHAT I KNOW?
Act.1 Penge ng Pizza
Direction you need to draw a Pizza including the toppings and the ingredients
according to your taste preference present your output and tell something about it.
Question
1. What is your favorite topping for a pizza?
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2. Why do you like such topping?
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3. When divided into portion do you think each part of the pizza tastes the same?
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4.How do you know that the ingredients are equally distributed in all parts of the
pizza?
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5.Do you believed that the whole is not equal to the sum of each part?
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What’s new?
2.
? a. b. c.
3. ? a. b. c.
Question:
1. What is your basic in choosing the next figure?
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2. Do you rely on your intuition or making a choice?
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3. Do you consider the pattern and order of figures?
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4. Would it help to ask the opinion of others about the answer?
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5. Did you find it difficult to make a choice?
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WHAT’S IN?
Who are the Greek Philosophers? Why were they so important ?
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WHAT IS IT?
Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in
systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and
ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.
The term "holistic thinking" refers to a big picture mentality in which a person
recognizes the interconnectedness of various elements that form larger systems,
patterns and objects. Thinking holistically is the opposite of analyzing something,
which involves breaking down a larger system into its details.
Study.com
1.Human being
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2.Family
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3.Market place
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4.School
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5.Church
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Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer in space
provided below.
1. How can a person benefit from philosophizing?
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2. What are the reasons that compel a person to engage in philosophical thinking?
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WHAT’S IN
Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder. Whenever we are
confronted with an experience, we always wonder how it came about.
French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to philosophize to doubt. In life,
we will be faced with several ideas and arguments
which present themselves as “truths”. A critical and
questioning perspective is necessary to determine
if indeed these ideas or views are correct or true.
Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the
need to philosophize because of experience.
These experiences limit situation, philosophy
provides us a means to understand adverse or
challenging conditions, and to rise above them and
gain new knowledge and perspective.
The need to philosophize is driven by the love for
wisdom. To love wisdom is to have an insatiable
desire for truth.
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge
with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing
things.
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WHAT’S NEW?
Direction: Based on the picture below. Identify the branches of Philosophy. Write
your answer on the space provided.
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WHAT IS IT?
The following are the branches of philosophy that deals with a particular aspect of
life or phenomena.
Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes
things “beautiful”.
Ethics is the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power
and the rights and obligations of citizens.
WHAT I KNOW
Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the
space provided below.
1. Have you ever had an experience where reflecting on your actions benefitted you?
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2. Has reflection ever helped you avoid making a bad decision?
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WHAT IS IT?
Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and
are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves,
others, and our surroundings.
When we reflect, we can judge whether our actions or decisions are reasonable or
not. Doing Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems.
Doing Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. The ability to
analyze a problem or dilemma, identify the significant aspects, and come up with
alternative solutions is an important skill learned through philosophy.
In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a holistic point of view-the
perception of looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion.
Wisdom as it refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in
making sound choices and judgment is the intended product of philosophizing.
Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.
Examples of activities that emanated from a deliberate reflection
Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them again
Evaluating and knowing the best choice from a set of options
Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion
WHAT’S NEW?
Direction: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.
WHAT IS IT?
Based on your answers in Table 1, what must before making actions? Do you
consider it helpful if you do this before making actions? Why or why not?
Simple action seems to take a whole new meaning when one engages in reflection.
Like buying a new gadget, think of the questions you asked yourself as you consider
buying the said item.
You may start with simple questions, but since we are in reflective and
philosophizing mood, we try and think of deeper questions and reflect on the
situations.
WHAT’S MORE
Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct otherwise
choose FALSE. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. List down instances in your life that you were able to engage in philosophy.
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2. How did philosophy help you address your situation?
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ASSESSMENT
After our lesson, let us now check what you have learned.
Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer.
Congratulations!
You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job!
It’s now time to go on to the next adventure…Good luck!
Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person Quarter1- Module
2 Method of
Philosophizing
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
WHAT I KNOW
Before heading on to our lesson,let us first check what you have learned from our
previous lesson. Direction. Identify each statement. Choose your answer from the
box and write them on the space provided.
Plato Wisdom Doubt Philosophy Holistic
Thinking
Love of Karl Jaspers Partial Reflection Love
wisdom Thinking
WHAT’S IN
Philosophical method (or philosophical methodology) is the study of how to do
philosophy. A common view among philosophers is that philosophy is distinguished
by the ways that philosophers follow in addressing philosophical questions. There is
not just one method that philosophers use to answer philosophical questions.
Philosophy is concerned with determining the concept of truth. Truth lies at the heart
of any inquiry.
WHAT’S NEW?
Direction. Choose five words you found inside the box. Write down other related
words or ideas that can you think of in relation to the words you choose. Write you
answer on the space provided.
Knowledge doubt
Facts Opinion claim
Arguments truth
Prepositions
Beliefs conclusions
Box No. 1
WHAT IS IT?
Truth in metaphysics and the philosophy of language is the property of sentences,
assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to
agree with the facts or to state what the case is. It is most often used to mean being
in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard. Truth is also
sometimes defined in modern contexts as an idea of "truth to self", or authenticity.
Propositions is a statement about the world or reality. Propositions may or may not
carry truth.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product
of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.
Facts are propositions or statement which are observe to be real or truthful.
Claim is a statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This
means that any claim can be proven by verification and experimentation.
Therefore, truthful statements can be considered as based on facts.
There are several views regarding truth. Philosophers emphasize the importance of
belief as a basis for determining truth. But as a philosopher, we do not assume that
every statement is true. Remember the famous French philosopher, Rene Descartes
traced the need to philosophize to doubt.
In philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help determine the truth. This means
that every statement, claim, evidence, and experience is scrutinized and analyzed.
Philosophers always engaged with the concept of truth. Philosophers consider truth
as a kind of quality or value. Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of
something, since it is true knowing that we are able to determine what is true.
Doubt has a very important purpose in philosophy as it drives our desire to discover
the truth. In philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help determine the truth.
A belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of one’s senses.
Another basis for determining truth is a belief or statement is true if it is based on
facts.
Getting consensus or having people agree on a common belief is another way of
determining what is true. Although this approach has certain limitations. Getting
everyone to agree on something may not take that belief true.
Philosophers also believe that claims and belief should also be subjected to test to
determine truth. In determining truth require also that a person can prove a
statement through an action.
What is more?
Give examples of the following:
1. TRUTH-
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2. PREPOSITIONS-
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3. KNOWLEDGE-
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4.FACTS-
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5.CLAIM-
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What I can do?
Direction: Read the sentences .Choose the correct answer below
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What I Know?
Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the
space provided.
1. How will you determine the truth from an opinion?
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What’s in?
What is the difference between fact and opinion?
What’s new?
Rearrange the letter: These words connected to the present topic—Explain your own
definition
1. domsiw ________________
2. hturt ___________________
What is it?
The methods of philosophy will help to learn the process of doing philosophy in a
systematic way. On the other hand, philosophizing is to think or express oneself in a
philosophical manner.
Although philosophy is an organized body of knowledge, the subject matter of
philosophy is questions, which have three major characteristics;
1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute. 2.
Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith. 3.
Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.
The methodology or method that philosophers use to address philosophical question
is critical thinking.
Critical Thinking is the careful, reflective, rational and systematic approach to
questions of very general interest.
Critical thinking means understanding if philosophy and refraining from merely giving
claims but through careful thought, one reasons through to argumentation.
The scientific method also leads to wisdom and truth because it uses an evidence
based approach to come up with its conclusion. In this method, all truths are
supported by facts that can easily be tested or proven again through experiments,
logical reasoning, or observation
For Maboloc and Pascua (2008), critical thinking is a lifelong process of self-
assessment that further consists of:
• Defining, analyzing, and solutions;
• Arriving at reasonable and informed conclusions;
• Applying understanding and knowledge to new and different problems;
• Willingness to change one’s point of view;
• Continually examining and reexamining ideas; and
• Willingness to say “I don’t know.”
Attributes of a critical thinker
- Looking for evidence to support assumption and beliefs
- Adjusts opinions
- Looks for proof
- Examines problem
- Rejects irrelevant and incorrect information
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What is more?
Act. Essay
1. How does philosophy relate to wisdom?
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2. How can understanding of the difference between truth and opinion lead us to
wisdom?
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3.Explain the 3 major characteristics of philosophy according to double?
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What I have learned?
What learning did you acquire from the topic?
For Double (1999)
Although philosophy is an organized body of knowledge, the subject matter of
philosophy is questions, which have three major characteristics;
1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute.
2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith.
3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.
The methodology or method that philosophers use to address philosophical question
is critical thinking.
What I can do? (Assessment)
What’s new?
Rearrange the letters that connect to our lesson
What is it?
Both the Socratic and dialectic method are based on a discussion between two or
more people who may carry differing views but wish to pursue the truth by seeking
an agreement with one another. Meanwhile, the scientific method is a process of
determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive
reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.
The scientific method, also called empirical method, is a process of determining truth
or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and
hypothesis or theory testing
Logic is the truth based on reasoning and critical thinking. It includes analysis and
construction of arguments. It serves as path to freedom from half-truths and
deception.
Deductive Reasoning In this type of reasoning, conclusion comes first, followed by
main points, and the last will be the supporting data, facts, examples, and evidences.
General idea comes first before the specific or particular idea.
Inductive Reasoning In this type of reasoning, supporting data, facts, examples, and
evidences come first followed by the main points and conclusion will be the last part.
This is the vice versa of the deductive reasoning because particular idea comes first
before the general idea
WHAT’SMORE
Direction: Read the conversation below and answer the following question. Write
your answer on the space provided.
Lover’s Quarrel
Shanon: Did you hear about what happened between Angel and her boyfriend?
Vanvan: What happened?
Shanon: They got a huge fight last night. Angel called me up. She was crying and
she said that Mike hit her.
Dean: Wait, what? That’s not right? Mike came by my place last night and he was
pretty shaken up. He had scratch marks on his arms and a bite on his left hand. He
said Angel just attacked her and was accusing him of seeing another girl.
Shanon: No! Angel said it was Mike who started to hit her and she had to defend
herself!
Question 1: As friend of Angel and Mike, how will you react to the statements given?
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