SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the Philosophy of the

Human Person Quarter 1- Module 1 The
Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy
Lesson 1The Meaning and Method of
Doing Philosophy
The study of this subject is an initiation to the activity and process of philosophical
reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. At the end of the course, you
should be able to reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic point of view,
acquire critical and analytical thinking skills and should be able to apply this critical
and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of daily life and become truthful,
environment-friendly and service-oriented. Actively committed to the development of
a more humane society and articulate their own philosophy of life.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

Objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to understand the
meaning and process of doing philosophy, to:

1. Define the meaning of philosophy

2. Identify the two division of philosophy

3. Explain the branches of philosophy

Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know.

WHAT I KNOW?

INSTRUCTION: Write your answer in the space provided

below. What words come to mind when you hear the word Philosophy? Why do we
need to study Philosophy?

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Great job! Later we will see if your answers are correct by reading the rest of this
module.
WHAT’S IN?

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom). The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they
soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence,

knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

Philosophy in simple words is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and
society. It works by asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought,
the nature of the universe, and the connections between them. The ideas in
philosophy are often general and abstract.

Philosophy is the study of humans and the world by thinking and asking questions. It
is a science and an art. Philosophy tries to answer important questions by coming up
with answers about real things and asking "why?"

What’s new?

Magkamukha pero hindi magkatulad

Directions: You are tasked to compare the statements below and state your
observations.

STATEMENT 1

Do you like to eat apples?

How do you like to eat apples?

Questions:

1.Are the statements having the same or related contents? Explain

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2.Why do you think they are constructed differently?

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3.Which questions is requires an explanation?

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4.What skills are developed in answering questions that require explanations?

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5.Are questions important seeking for truth? Why

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What I Know?
MAGTANONG AY DI BIRO
Directions: you are required to create 4 question based or related to the picture that will be
shown. (2) questions will start with “how” and the other two will begin with why statements
only

1. 2.
In the space provided below, write down all your questions .
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What is in ?
Explain me, please!
HPYSPHLOIO
Rearrange this letter :
Explain your own meaning INSTRUCTION: Write your answer in the space provided
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Practical Branches of Philosophy

Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes
things “beautiful”.
Logic is branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.
Axiology – This branch of philosophy deals with values and reasons.
Political Philosophy Studies governments and deals with questions of justice,
power and the rights and obligations of citizens.
Ethics The branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
Theoritical Branches of Philosophy
Epistemology Discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
Metaphysics This pertains to the endeavor to know the existence of something
beyond the physical aspect.
Theodicy- Is the sciences of the nature,existence,essence,attributes and operations
of god.
Ontology- This is a branch of philosophy that deals with the study of the essence of
reality .

Philosophy of the Human Person-Is an area in philosophy that understand the

human person from a philosophical perspective.
What is more?
Activity: SAAN KA BELONG

Direction: You need to examine each quotation. Write PB If the message falls under
one of the philosophies of Practical Branch and TB If it is under one of the
philosophies in Theoretical Branch.
1. 2.

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________________________

3.________________________

What i can do?

Activity: Dugtungan tayo
Direction: Complete the statements below based on your understanding of the
various concepts in philosophy as applied in real life situations and state the
branch of philosophy that is applied.
1.I believe in God because __________________________ (branch of Philosophy)
2. Killing someone is immoral because____________________ (branch of
Philosophy)
3. I know that beauty__________________________ (branch of Philosophy)
4. We should act rightfully because_____________________________ (branch of
Philosophy)
5. The earth is spherical because____________________________ (branch of
Philosophy)
6. Happiness is not an ideal because_________________________ (branch of
Philosophy)
7. The planet has survived everything, because ___________________(branch of
Philosophy)
8. I know the field is wet because _________________________ (branch of
Philosophy)
9. We should preserved the beauty of environment
because_______________________________ (branch of Philosophy)
10. The values I learned from home are___________________________ (branch of
Philosophy)
What I have learned?
Question:
What learning did you acquire from this lesson?
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What I can do? (Assessment)

Write a five paragraph personal insights about the given topic below?
“What Am I”

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Sample Essay.

What am I? This is a question that I should ask myself everyday. It's a question that
helps me to evaluate my life, and what it means to me. In order to complete this
personal evaluation, I will split my life into three categories: spiritual, mental, and my
view of life.

What Is in
Why are you need to study of Philosophy? Give your own explanation .
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WHAT’S NEW?
Do you know of some Greek Philosophers? Philosophers- are people who engage in
philosophy.

Direction: Identify the following person in the picture below. Write your answer on the
space provided below.

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WHAT IS IT?
The most notable ancient Greek philosophers are:
https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/introduction-to-the-philosophy-of-the-human-
person-introduction-to-philosophy
Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE)- A mathematician and scientist, he was credited
with formulating the Pythagorean theorem.

Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475 BCE)- He proposed that everything that exists is based
on a higher order or plan which he called logos.

Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to the study of the causes of
natural phenomena.

Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE)- He was a known advocate of living a
simple and virtuous life.

Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that philosophy could enable man to
live a life of happiness.

Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the foremost philosophers of
ancient times. He was credited with formulating the Socratic method- means of
examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and
analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s
teaching and incorporated some of his own ideas into them. Plato’s most significant
ideas included his Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exist is
based on an idea or template than can only be perceived in the mind. Plato is also
known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed
in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution to learning was
his founding of the Academy, an institution of higher learning.

Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the Academy, and was the prominent
student of Plato. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality
is based on what we can sense and perceive. His studies in logic led to the
formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive
reasoning-the process by which specific statements are analyze to reach a
conclusion or generalization.
What is more? Crossword Puzzle
Find the Philosophers inside the puzzle and shade the color what you like.
p h e o s o d c r h
c y l t o d a s g e
s e t i c o p e h r
e m o h r t l n c a
n b t r a d a e o c
e o s b t g t g l l
g g i m e g o o d i
o c r o s l t r b t
i h a e g o i d a u
d e m o c r i t u s

Search
Democritus Heraclitus Pythagoras
Plato Socrates
Aristotle Diogenes

What can I do?

 Lesson 1.1 The Difference Between
Holistic Perspective from a Partial
Point of View

We have already discussed the meaning of Philosophy from our previous lesson.
Now, let us proceed to another topic.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

After going through this module, you are expected to understand the meaning
and process of doing philosophy, to:
1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view
2. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life.
3. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective.

WHAT I KNOW?
Act.1 Penge ng Pizza

Direction you need to draw a Pizza including the toppings and the ingredients
according to your taste preference present your output and tell something about it.
Question
1. What is your favorite topping for a pizza?
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2. Why do you like such topping?
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3. When divided into portion do you think each part of the pizza tastes the same?
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4.How do you know that the ingredients are equally distributed in all parts of the
pizza?
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5.Do you believed that the whole is not equal to the sum of each part?
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What’s new?

ACTIVITY 1. Dugtungan tayo

Direction: You need to study the relationship of figures from one another in each line
then guess what comes next. Choose & encircle the letter of your answer ( o ) from
the choices of opposite each line.
1.
? a. b. c.

2.
? a. b. c.

3. ? a. b. c.

Question:
1. What is your basic in choosing the next figure?
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2. Do you rely on your intuition or making a choice?
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3. Do you consider the pattern and order of figures?
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4. Would it help to ask the opinion of others about the answer?
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5. Did you find it difficult to make a choice?
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WHAT’S IN?
Who are the Greek Philosophers? Why were they so important ?
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WHAT IS IT?
 Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in
systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and
ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.

 Partial thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial view is an

important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas
or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.

The term "holistic thinking" refers to a big picture mentality in which a person
recognizes the interconnectedness of various elements that form larger systems,
patterns and objects. Thinking holistically is the opposite of analyzing something,
which involves breaking down a larger system into its details.

Holistic medicine is a prominent example of holistic thinking. A medical professional

who believes in holistic care considers the relationship between the mind, body and
spirit. For example, holistic doctors don't just provide patients with medications.
Instead, they look at ways to improve life balance and eradicate health problems
from their root source, such as high stress or bad nutrition.

In philosophy, point of view describes the perception of an event or phenomenon

and how exactly it is viewed. Point of view often is shaped by an individual's beliefs
or experiences. Though partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking
in making sense of problems and issues related to the human experience.

People tend to apply an analytical perspective when looking at problems or

situations. A holistic view gives rise to a more appreciative perspective about life, as
we are able to look at life in its totality.

TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF THINKING

Study.com

What I can do?

Activity Pa share naman
Direction: Share your holistic point of view of the following items based on your
experiences with them

1.Human being
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2.Family
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3.Market place
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4.School
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5.Church

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What I have learned?

1. Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in

systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and
ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.

2. Partial thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial view is an

important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas
or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.

What I can do? (Assessment)

Assessment question
Essay Act.
1.What is the differences between holistic perspective and partial point of view?
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2.Give two examples of holistic perspective?
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3.Give two examples of partial point of view?
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 Lesson 1.2 The Value of Doing
Philosophy in Obtaining a Broad
Perspective on Life Lesson

Why do we philosophize? We all have the potential to philosophize since we have

the tendency to wonder and doubt.
A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his
or her ideas.
Doing philosophy can be applied in day-to-day activities and life perspectives.
Because it involves an evaluative process, doing philosophy allows a person to
make better decisions and act accordingly to situations with the help of various
philosophical skills. On life perspectives, philosophy enables reflective thinking which
greatly influences a person’s view of life, challenges, and relationships
In doing philosophy, a holistic perspective on the subject is always required. Failure
to do so or only using a partial point of view may lead to illogical or incorrect
conclusions

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer in space
provided below.
1. How can a person benefit from philosophizing?
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2. What are the reasons that compel a person to engage in philosophical thinking?
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WHAT’S IN
Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder. Whenever we are
confronted with an experience, we always wonder how it came about.

French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to philosophize to doubt. In life,
we will be faced with several ideas and arguments
which present themselves as “truths”. A critical and
questioning perspective is necessary to determine
if indeed these ideas or views are correct or true.
Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the
need to philosophize because of experience.
These experiences limit situation, philosophy
provides us a means to understand adverse or
challenging conditions, and to rise above them and
gain new knowledge and perspective.
The need to philosophize is driven by the love for
wisdom. To love wisdom is to have an insatiable
desire for truth.
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge
with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing
things.
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WHAT’S NEW?
Direction: Based on the picture below. Identify the branches of Philosophy. Write
your answer on the space provided.
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WHAT IS IT?

The following are the branches of philosophy that deals with a particular aspect of
life or phenomena.

Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes
things “beautiful”.

Logic is branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.

Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.

Ethics is the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.

Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power
and the rights and obligations of citizens.

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality

and existence.

Philosophy of the Human Person-is an area in philosophy that understand the

human person from a philosophical perspective.
Lesson 1.3
Doing a Philosophical
Reflection on a Situation
from Holistic Perspective
Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and
action and to learn more about one’s life and experiences.
 Human self-reflection is the capacity of humans to exercise introspection and to
attempt to learn more about their fundamental nature and essence.
 Philosophy has an important place in our daily lives. Engaging in philosophical
reflection leads to the development of beneficial skills that individuals can apply in
everyday situations

WHAT I KNOW

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the
space provided below.

1. Have you ever had an experience where reflecting on your actions benefitted you?

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2. Has reflection ever helped you avoid making a bad decision?
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WHAT IS IT?

Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and
are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves,
others, and our surroundings.
When we reflect, we can judge whether our actions or decisions are reasonable or
not. Doing Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems.
Doing Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. The ability to
analyze a problem or dilemma, identify the significant aspects, and come up with
alternative solutions is an important skill learned through philosophy.
In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a holistic point of view-the
perception of looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion.
Wisdom as it refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in
making sound choices and judgment is the intended product of philosophizing.
Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.
Examples of activities that emanated from a deliberate reflection
 Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them again
 Evaluating and knowing the best choice from a set of options
 Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion

WHAT’S NEW?
Direction: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.

ACTIONS MUST BE DONE BEFORE THE

ACTION?
1. Buying a new gadget
2. Choosing friends
3. Eating food
4. Deciding where to study in College
5. Joining an organization in school
6. Helping a stranger
7. Going out with friends
8. Posting your opinion or feelings in the
social media
9. Going out with the opposite sex
10. Confronting a person who verbally
hurt you

WHAT IS IT?
Based on your answers in Table 1, what must before making actions? Do you
consider it helpful if you do this before making actions? Why or why not?
Simple action seems to take a whole new meaning when one engages in reflection.
Like buying a new gadget, think of the questions you asked yourself as you consider
buying the said item.
You may start with simple questions, but since we are in reflective and
philosophizing mood, we try and think of deeper questions and reflect on the
situations.

WHAT’S MORE
Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct otherwise
choose FALSE. Write your answer on the space provided.

______1. Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder.

______2. The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom.
______3. This is an area in philosophy that understand the human person from a
philosophical perspective is holistic thinking.
______4. Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize
because of doubt.
______5. Aesthetics is branch of philosophy which deals with beauty.
______6. Ethics is a branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.
______7. Logic is a branch of philosophy which discusses the nature of knowledge
and knowing.
______8. Philosophy of the Human Person is a branch of philosophy which deals
with moral questions and dilemmas.
_________9. Metaphysics is branch of philosophy which deals with questions
regarding reality and existence.
__________10. Political Philosophy is branch of philosophy which studies
governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and
obligations of citizens.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Reflection: What learning did you acquire from this lesson?
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WHAT I CAN DO ASSESSMENT
Direction: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on the space provided.
Experience Knowledge Greek
Holistic Thinking Partial Thinking Lover of Wisdom

 Philosophy – comes from two ____________________word philos (love) and

sophia is (wisdom) is the study of general and fundamental questions about
existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
 Philosophers – or ______________________ people who are engage in
philosophy.  A man needs to philosophize because of his sense of wonder, doubt
and ______________________.
 Philosophy does not limit itself to its own field as it makes sense of information
gathered from various fields of _________________________ (e.g., science,
psychology, economics, politics, etc.,)
 Philosophy of the Human Person is an area in philosophy that understand the
human person from a philosophical perspective which involves holistic thinking and
_______________________.
 Philosophical reflection is important in our daily lives as it ensures that our actions
and decisions are well thought by using a deeper, holistic perspective.
 In doing philosophy, critical, logical, and analytical thinking, observation, and
communicative skills were involved.
WHAT I CAN DO
Direction: Write your answer on the space provided below.

1. List down instances in your life that you were able to engage in philosophy.

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2. How did philosophy help you address your situation?
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ASSESSMENT
After our lesson, let us now check what you have learned.
Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The word philos is a Greek word means_________.

a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosopher d. Philosophy
2. Sophia is a Greek word for ___________.
a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosopher d. Philosophy
3. The people who engages in philosophy are called________.
a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosophy d. Philosopher
4. He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient times. He was credited
with formulating the Socratic method___________.
a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Socrates d. Democritus
5. A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teaching and incorporated
some of his own ideas into them included his Theory of Forms________.
a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Socrates d. Democritus
6. It refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems______.
a. Doubt b. Academy c. Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking
 7. It focuses on specific aspects of a situation, as an individual focuses on certain
areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.
a. Doubt b. Academy c. Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking
8. It is the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion
or generalization.
a. Academy b. Deductive reasoning c. Holistic d. Partial
9. It requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and action
and to learn more about one’s life and experiences.
a. Reflection b. Observation c. Knowledge d. Doubts
10. The Greek term for philosophy, philosophia, means ___.
a. Holistic Thinking b. Partial Thinking c. Love of wisdom d.
Knowledge

Congratulations!
You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job!
It’s now time to go on to the next adventure…Good luck!
 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person Quarter1- Module
2 Method of
Philosophizing
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Lesson 2.1 Method of Philosophizing

Distinguish opinion from truth
The study of this subject is an initiation to the activity and process of philosophical
reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. At the end of the course, you
should be able to reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic point of view,
acquire critical and analytical thinking skills and should be able to apply this critical
and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of daily life and become truthful,
environment-friendly and service-oriented. Actively committed to the development of
a more humane society and articulate their own philosophy of life
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?
Objectives: After going through this module, you will be able to demonstrate various
ways of doing philosophy and evaluate opinions:
1. Distinguish opinion from truthPPT11/12-Ic-2.1
2. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truthPPT11/12-Id-2.2
3. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of
philosophizing PPT11/12-Id-2.3

WHAT I KNOW
Before heading on to our lesson,let us first check what you have learned from our
previous lesson. Direction. Identify each statement. Choose your answer from the
box and write them on the space provided.
Plato Wisdom Doubt Philosophy Holistic
Thinking
Love of Karl Jaspers Partial Reflection Love
wisdom Thinking

_______________1. It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to

investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.
_______________ 2. The Greek term, philosophia, means ______.
_______________ 3. The Greek word, philos, means _________.
_______________ 4. The Greek word, sophia, means _________.
_______________ 5. The Greek philosopher who believes that Philosophy is
brought about by man’s sense of wonder.
_______________ 6. He believes that persons engage in philosophy in order to
make sense of difficult life experiences.
_______________ 7. It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her
thoughts, feelings, and actions and learn from experience.
_______________ 8. Rene Descartes consider this as a reason why people
philosophize.
_______________ 9. It is a perspective that considers the “bigger picture” when
looking at problems and situations.
_______________ 10. It is a perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a
situation.

WHAT’S IN
Philosophical method (or philosophical methodology) is the study of how to do
philosophy. A common view among philosophers is that philosophy is distinguished
by the ways that philosophers follow in addressing philosophical questions. There is
not just one method that philosophers use to answer philosophical questions.
Philosophy is concerned with determining the concept of truth. Truth lies at the heart
of any inquiry.
WHAT’S NEW?
Direction. Choose five words you found inside the box. Write down other related
words or ideas that can you think of in relation to the words you choose. Write you
answer on the space provided.

Knowledge doubt
Facts Opinion claim
Arguments truth
Prepositions
Beliefs conclusions

Box No. 1
WHAT IS IT?
Truth in metaphysics and the philosophy of language is the property of sentences,
assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to
agree with the facts or to state what the case is. It is most often used to mean being
in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard. Truth is also
sometimes defined in modern contexts as an idea of "truth to self", or authenticity.
Propositions is a statement about the world or reality. Propositions may or may not
carry truth.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product
of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.
Facts are propositions or statement which are observe to be real or truthful.
Claim is a statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This
means that any claim can be proven by verification and experimentation.
Therefore, truthful statements can be considered as based on facts.
There are several views regarding truth. Philosophers emphasize the importance of
belief as a basis for determining truth. But as a philosopher, we do not assume that
every statement is true. Remember the famous French philosopher, Rene Descartes
traced the need to philosophize to doubt.
In philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help determine the truth. This means
that every statement, claim, evidence, and experience is scrutinized and analyzed.
Philosophers always engaged with the concept of truth. Philosophers consider truth
as a kind of quality or value. Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of
something, since it is true knowing that we are able to determine what is true.
Doubt has a very important purpose in philosophy as it drives our desire to discover
the truth. In philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help determine the truth.
A belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of one’s senses.
Another basis for determining truth is a belief or statement is true if it is based on
facts.
Getting consensus or having people agree on a common belief is another way of
determining what is true. Although this approach has certain limitations. Getting
everyone to agree on something may not take that belief true.
Philosophers also believe that claims and belief should also be subjected to test to
determine truth. In determining truth require also that a person can prove a
statement through an action.
What is more?
Give examples of the following:
1. TRUTH-
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2. PREPOSITIONS-
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3. KNOWLEDGE-
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4.FACTS-
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5.CLAIM-
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What I can do?
Direction: Read the sentences .Choose the correct answer below

Conclusion facts arguments

explanation claim knowledge

______________1. They require further examination to establish whether it is true

or false.
______________2. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers
provided by facts.
______________3. Proposition or statements which are observed to be real or
truthful.
______________4. Judgement based on certain facts.
______________5. Statements that assume the claim to be true and provide
reasons why the statement is true.

What have learned

Reflection Essay
What learning did you acquire from this lesson? Briefly explanation.
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What I can do? (Assessment)

___________________ ______________________

Lesson 2.2 Methods of

Philosophy Lead to Wisdom and
Truth

What I Know?
Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the
space provided.
1. How will you determine the truth from an opinion?
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What’s in?
What is the difference between fact and opinion?

What’s new?
Rearrange the letter: These words connected to the present topic—Explain your own
definition
1. domsiw ________________

2. hturt ___________________
What is it?
The methods of philosophy will help to learn the process of doing philosophy in a
systematic way. On the other hand, philosophizing is to think or express oneself in a
philosophical manner.
Although philosophy is an organized body of knowledge, the subject matter of
philosophy is questions, which have three major characteristics;
1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute. 2.
Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith. 3.
Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.
The methodology or method that philosophers use to address philosophical question
is critical thinking.
Critical Thinking is the careful, reflective, rational and systematic approach to
questions of very general interest.
Critical thinking means understanding if philosophy and refraining from merely giving
claims but through careful thought, one reasons through to argumentation.
The scientific method also leads to wisdom and truth because it uses an evidence
based approach to come up with its conclusion. In this method, all truths are
supported by facts that can easily be tested or proven again through experiments,
logical reasoning, or observation
For Maboloc and Pascua (2008), critical thinking is a lifelong process of self-
assessment that further consists of:
• Defining, analyzing, and solutions;
• Arriving at reasonable and informed conclusions;
• Applying understanding and knowledge to new and different problems;
• Willingness to change one’s point of view;
• Continually examining and reexamining ideas; and
• Willingness to say “I don’t know.”
Attributes of a critical thinker
- Looking for evidence to support assumption and beliefs
- Adjusts opinions
- Looks for proof
- Examines problem
- Rejects irrelevant and incorrect information
- https://youtu.be/bjSKXsCMI90
What is more?
Act. Essay
1. How does philosophy relate to wisdom?
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2. How can understanding of the difference between truth and opinion lead us to
wisdom?
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3.Explain the 3 major characteristics of philosophy according to double?
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What I have learned?
What learning did you acquire from the topic?
For Double (1999)
Although philosophy is an organized body of knowledge, the subject matter of
philosophy is questions, which have three major characteristics;
1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute.
2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith.
3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.
The methodology or method that philosophers use to address philosophical question
is critical thinking.
What I can do? (Assessment)

Lesson 2.3 Evaluate Truth from

Opinions in Different Situations
Using the Methods of
Philosophizing

A method of philosophizing is a process of determining the truth or drawing

conclusions from a statement using various philosophical methods, such as:
Socratic, dialectic, scientific, and historical.
When you evaluate information, it is very important to distinguish between fact and
opinion. How do we know if something is true?
Philosophers emphasize the importance of belief as a basis for determining truth. It
is said that there are instances when we have to unlearn something so that we may
learn anew. Philosophers questioned what they knew and even analyzed their
methods of knowing in order to understand themselves and the world much better.
The discussion on truth is part of philosophical studies on knowledge where
philosophers explore the nature of knowledge and the ways of knowing.

What’s new?
Rearrange the letters that connect to our lesson

HODTEM FO ZINGLOIHPOSPHI (explain your own understanding )

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What I know?
What is Philosophizing?
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What’s in?
Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the space
provided.
1. How will you determine the truth from an opinion?
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What is it?
Both the Socratic and dialectic method are based on a discussion between two or
more people who may carry differing views but wish to pursue the truth by seeking
an agreement with one another. Meanwhile, the scientific method is a process of
determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive
reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.
The scientific method, also called empirical method, is a process of determining truth
or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and
hypothesis or theory testing
Logic is the truth based on reasoning and critical thinking. It includes analysis and
construction of arguments. It serves as path to freedom from half-truths and
deception.
Deductive Reasoning In this type of reasoning, conclusion comes first, followed by
main points, and the last will be the supporting data, facts, examples, and evidences.
General idea comes first before the specific or particular idea.
Inductive Reasoning In this type of reasoning, supporting data, facts, examples, and
evidences come first followed by the main points and conclusion will be the last part.
This is the vice versa of the deductive reasoning because particular idea comes first
before the general idea

WHAT’SMORE
Direction: Read the conversation below and answer the following question. Write
your answer on the space provided.

Lover’s Quarrel
Shanon: Did you hear about what happened between Angel and her boyfriend?
Vanvan: What happened?
Shanon: They got a huge fight last night. Angel called me up. She was crying and
she said that Mike hit her.
Dean: Wait, what? That’s not right? Mike came by my place last night and he was
pretty shaken up. He had scratch marks on his arms and a bite on his left hand. He
said Angel just attacked her and was accusing him of seeing another girl.
Shanon: No! Angel said it was Mike who started to hit her and she had to defend
herself!
Question 1: As friend of Angel and Mike, how will you react to the statements given?
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

Direction. Fill in the blanks. Choose your answer from the box and write your answer
on the space provided
Doubt Truth Senses
Consensus Bias Opinion

Philosophy is concerned with determining the concept of _________________. Truth

lies at the heart of any inquiry.
 In philosophy, systematic __________________ is employed to help determine
the truth. This means that every statement, claim, evidence, and experience is
scrutinized and analyzed.
 There are various philosophical views regarding truth. One perspective is that a
belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of
one’s_______________________, a belief or statement is true if it is based on facts.
Another way of determining what is true is getting a _______________________or
having people agree on a common belief. Philosophers also believe that claims and
belief should also be subjected to tests to determine truth.
 Opinions are statements which not only give facts but also provide conclusions or
perspective regarding certain situations.
 Arguments often take the form of statements that are either claims of facts and
are phrased in such a way that they seem reasonable. Hence, some arguments may
contain fallacies which means they are products of faulty reasoning.
 __________________ or the personal views of the person presenting it affect the
way he or she sees reality.
WHAT I CAN DO?
Direction. Select one issue from the current issues in our society today. How do you
apply methods of philosophizing in determining the truth. Write your answer on the
space provided
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