CP WD H Orth Handbook
CP WD H Orth Handbook
HANDBOOK OF
HORTICULTURE
The Horticulture Unit of CPWD was are not only visited by International
established way back on 1st April, 1912 dignitaries and leaders but also
under the able guidance of Shri R.H.Loke, International and local tourists.
Horticulture Superintendent. Since then the • Development and Maintenance of
unit has evolved into a large wing, pioneer Landscape and Horticulture works in
in execution of all kinds of horticulture & Central Government office complexes
Landscape works. The major functions of the and residential areas
wing are as follows:
• Development & Maintenance of open Besides above, Horticulture wing is also
spaces and parks involved in enhancing and conserving
the green areas, aesthetic improvement
• Development of different types of of the gardens and preparation of green
gardens manure using green waste in localized
• Raising of trees areas, thereby maintaining and conserving
• Development and Maintenance of an eco-friendly environment. The nurseries
Landscape and Horticulture works in maintained by this wing of CPWD are well
Residences of Hon’ble Vice President, known for maintaining large collection of
Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of indigenous plants, seasonal, perennial,
Parliament, Judges of Supreme Court & foliage, exotic, herbal and aromatic plants.
High Court etc. Horticulture wing is maintaining two major
nurseries i.e. Government Sunder Nursery
• Development and Maintenance of
and Government Mehrauli Nursery in New
Landscape and Horticulture works in the
Delhi.
Samadhi complexes of National Leaders
spread in about 200 acres area. The
Rajghat and other Samadhi complexes
introduction | 1
The Horticulture Wing of CPWD was acres land (approx.) at Nizamuddin, New
established on 1st April, 1912 with a very Delhi. The nursery is bordered by Humayun’s
small unit headed by Shri R.H. Loke (British Tomb to the South and the National Zoological
origin), as Horticulture Superintendent. It was Park to the North.
pioneer in the field of horticulture and famous
Govt. Mehruali Nursery is located in Shaheed
for indigenous plants and collection of all
Jeet Singh Marg, (in front of NCERT Gate
kind of seasonal, perennial, foliage, exotic,
No.2), Katwarai Sarai New Delhi. Mehruali
herbal and aromatic plants. Horticulture Unit
nursery is presently spread over in 33 Acre
is maintaining two major nurseries viz., Govt.
area (approx.) and is also having a collection
sunder Nursery and Govt. Mehruali Nursery.
of foliage’s plant, perennials, seasonal plants,
Govt. Sunder nursery was inaugurated in palms, cactus, Bougnvellia, money plants,
February, 1949, presently spreaded in 20 roses, etc.
2 | History
The CPWD , comprises of Civil, Electrical, the planting of lawn, ground covers, shrubs
Architecture and Horticulture wings, finds ,hedges and trees. The arrangement and
its relation with the Built Infrastructure. The final establishment of the garden features
people of the world are slowly realizing must be done in a such a way that it gives an
the damage that has been done to our effect of a natural landscape soothing to the
environment. The success of development heart. It must act in such a way that it helps in
and maintenance of landscaping features improving of the total living environment for
can be judged by the quality of relationship the people. The concept of landscape and
between the building, the site ,landscaping horticulture by way of using different kind of
features and its surroundings .The natural garden features must conform to the place
resources which are useful in the landscaping and the purpose for which it is built example.
should be environmentally sustainable and Selection of plants in a Samadhi and in a
function efficiently and economically in the recreational park are totally different to one
long run. Man`s greed for quick economic another. Care must be taken to define the
gains has led to imbalance of this planet relationship between various colours of the
thereby threatening to the very survival of plants, flowers, building or other objects
mankind in the not very distant future. In our present at the site.
metro cities we are already experiencing the
effects of soil, water, air and noise pollution Landscape Concept and Garden
which has already crossed the threshold of Design :
human tolerance and has manifested itself
Garden and garden features should be
in the deterioration of all life forms. In this
compatible to each other and meet the
bleak scenario there is still a ray of hope if
characteristics of the garden, because it
people in general are awake and realize that
is an extension of house and an enclosure
the solution for correcting our mistakes lies
for pleasure. It is essential to understand
in our understanding of nature as a holistic
the site characteristic and its potential for
phenomenon and take course of action
development and conceptualize the scheme
intelligently and diligently.
for specific purpose and design accordingly.
In CPWD, Horticulture deals with planting Most of us love to be with nature and are often
of ornamental plants in such a way that it disappointed with the limited space available
creates a picturesque effect .Landscaping around the house, which makes us think that
gardening can be defined as the decoration these little spaces do not accommodate
of a tract of land with plants and other garden beautiful gardens. Landscaping is making
materials so as to produce a picturesque of pictures with plant materials and hence
and naturalistic effects in a limited space. its principles are same as those of art.
Landscape gardening can also be defined as Followings are the points which needs to
the beautification of a tract of land having a taken care during the landscape concept
house or other object of interest on it. It is a and garden design.
done with a view to create a natural scene by
Reflection of
the Bagh-e
Jardin del Narenjestan
Generalife (orange garden)
de Granada and the Khaneh
(Spanish Ghavam
garden) (Ghavam house)
at Shiraz, Iran
(Persian garden)
Nishat Bagh,
Mughal gardens terrace garden
at Taj Mahal, at Srinagar,
Agra, India India (Mughal
Gardens)
The Yuyuan
Ryoan-ji (late
Garden in
15th century) in
Shanghai, China
Kyoto, Japan,
(created in
the most
1559) shows all
famous example
the elements
of a Zenrock
of a classical
garden
Chinese garden
Roof garden on
Parc de the top deck of
Bagatelle, a a multi-storey
rose garden car park at
in Paris Hyderabad
Green wall/Vertical Garden is the new concept breaking down the nutrients and filtering into
of gardening particularly suitable for cities, the water system. They also have the ability
as they allow good use of available vertical to absorb noise and reduce noise pollution
surface areas. With nationwide emphasis on inside the building while increasing the
being environment friendly and conserving property value of a building. The living wall
resources beautiful creations like a Green could also function for urban gardening or for
Wall are bound to become common place in its beauty. In vertical gardens, various types
most commercial and residential buildings. A of modular panels can be used along with
Green Wall, also known as living wall, bio wall geotextiles fabrics, growing media, irrigation
or a vertical garden, is a living plant based systems, and plants.
exterior or interior wall to buildings or homes
which may be free standing structures or part Commonly seen types of vertical
of the building. They are more frequently gardens
composed of climbing plants, but there are
Ideally the selected plants are planted into
other options that some designers have
the modules or pots and are allowed to settle
incorporated in which the plants are grown
and grow over a period, before installation
in specially made support structure and
on site. Watering can be done manually or
growth media such as soil. The benefits of
through irrigation systems which can be
a Green Wall go far beyond aesthetics. A
installed along with living wall structure.
Green Wall is a natural insulation that helps
These living wall structures can be fixed
to maintain and regulate the temperature
directly to existing walls or can be fixed on
within a building. It has been observed that
to a MS framework in case of free standing
the exterior of a wall with a Green Wall is 10
living walls.
degrees cooler than an exposed wall. With
the rising costs and shortage of energy, this Green wall: This type consists of plastic
feature reduces consumption of energy for modules which have a geotextile fabric
heating or cooling in a multiple occupancy bag which is filled with growing media and
building. Living walls used on the interior of rooted plants are inserted into slits made
a building can also help to maintain humidity into the bag placed inside the module. The
levels as well as assist in the air filtration, modules can be fixed to walls directly or on
which can be a problem for some commercial a framework.
buildings because they are located in
Bio wall: This type consists of plastic frames
crowded parts of the city. According to the
and plastic pots. Plants can be planted
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency),
directly into the pots. The pots can be easily
USA, poor indoor air quality is ranked fourth
inserted into the frames, which are fixed to
on a list of 31 of the worst environmental
walls directly or on a framework.
threats that the average worker faces each
day. Another benefit of Green Wall is that Living wall: This type consists of felt fabric
they can be a means of water reuse. The fixed on a support, which in turn is fixed to
Plants may purify slightly polluted water by
Landscape Horticulture around the country Landscaping products which can bring about
has been evolving with new trends and we greenery vertically as well as horizontally as
need to keep in pace with the developments per your need and available spaces as all of
of the International world of green practices in them are modular system. Followings are the
order to keep up with the influx of Landscape some key Features & General Informations
developments in this country. about Various Landscaping Products.
People have practiced landscaping for
centuries. As far back as the ancient
civilizations, humans were manipulating
the land for both aesthetic and practical
reasons. The addition of plants, changes to
the existing terrain and the construction of
structures are all part of landscaping. Today
landscaping refers to the planning, laying out
and construction of gardens that enhance
the appearance and create useable space
for outdoor activities around a home. DRAIN MAT
A high proportion of the population Sheet Drains for single side drainage
and economic activities are at risk from applications are prefabricated products that
climate change are in urban areas, and consist of a solid, formed, three dimensional
a high proportion of global greenhouse core covered with a geotextile Sheet Drains
gas emissions are generated by urban- for single side drainage applications are
based activities and residents. Suspended prefabricated products that consist of a solid,
Particulate Matter (SPM) is the main problem formed, three dimensional core covered with
of urban air pollution in India, caused mainly a geotextile filter fabric bonded to the dimple
due to fast growing population of automobiles side of the core. The filter fabric is securely
and poor traffic control, congested roads as bonded to prevent soil intrusion into the core
well as factories in the peri urban areas. The flow channel while allowing water to freely
most watched pollutants include particulate enter the drainage core. Sheet drains solid
matter (PM), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulphur cores allow water entry from one side and
dioxide (SO2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2), that are typically used to collect and re-direct
are continuously degrading the ambient air water from a structure or site. Sheet drains
quality in major cities in India. are designed for use in both vertical and
horizontal drainage applications.
With the growth of urbanization the cities are
converted in to concrete jungles day by day HONEYCOMB GRASS PAVER
and consequently reducing the greenery, rise
Each Honeycomb Grass paver Unit made
to global warming, here the need is to bring
with a High-density recycled and UV rays-
about greenery in the every little available
stale polythene (PE-HD), Weighing 1 kg.
area along with its beautification.
Modular Landscaping Solutions | 17
It gives freedom
of having green
wall in the required
shape like Round,
Half Circle, Square,
Angular and Curve
in addition to
normal horizontal
and vertical.Each
Bio wall Unit is
made with a UV
rays-stable RC
Polypropylene
(PP), made in black
colour, Dimesions of
the unit is 450mm x
150mm x125mm.
Available in box containing 4 frames + 12
pots and it covers area of 3 Sq.Ft.
GEO TEXTILES
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which,
when used in association with soil, have the
ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protects or
drains. Typically made from polypropylene.
Geotextile forms an integral part of drain cell
system.
Hydroponics has, popularly, been defined as to nutrient solution in the tank. In organics, a
methods of growing plants without soil. The simple pot or bag of organic medium is used.
soilless culture defined as biotechnology This is sometimes referred to as a “Passive
technique that makes use of natural plant Technique”. Ideally suited for learning the
growth phenomena in obtaining better basics of hydroponics or organics and for
results from plants using inorganic or organic doing R&D work. Never use this technique
nutrients and standard agronomic practices. for regular growing of plants hydroponically
The fact is that soilless culture technology (especially in the tropics) as mosquitoes
is a form of eco-technology that realizes might breed.
the efficiency and profit from crop plants
while maintaining harmony between human 2. Ebb and Flow Technique (EFT):
activities and the environment. Plants are grown as a SAT, but the nutrient
Thus, hydroponics and organic hydroponics solution is drained off 3-4 times a day to
are environment friendly technologies permit the roots to breathe. This technique
suitable for growing all kind of plants is sometimes called ”Flood & Drain
using balanced nutrients in a scientific Technique”(in aggregate culture).In organics
way. This soilless culture technology not plants are grown in organic medium and
only supplements but also compliments only plain water is used for flooding. Good
the normal soil condition. It is a clean and for home gardens and commercial nurseries.
scientific eco technology – a smart way to Almost any type of plants can be grown.
grow the plants.
3. Deep Flow Technique (DFT):
Hydroponics is highly productive and yield
A depth of nutrient solution (4-6 cm) is
superior quality crop produce round the
circulated around the roots either by gravity
year, irrespective of the soil and climatic
or by using a pump. As the nutrient solution
conditions. Organic farming is as good as
circulates, it absorbs oxygen from the
hydroponic farming albeit low and slow
atmosphere. This technique is also referred
productivity.
to as ”Dynamic Root” Floatation Technique”
Soilless Culture Techniques: and as “Raceways Hydroponics”. Ideal for
leafy vegetables and all shallow rooted
A soilless culture technique refers to the
plants. In organics, fish tank water or any
methods of applying nutrient solution to
liquid organic nutrient source is used.
the roots in an efficient way. There are ten
techniques in soilless culture. 4. Aerated Flow Technique (AFT):
1. Static Aerated Technique (SAT): This is modified version of DFT. Here, the
Plants are grown in a depth of static nutrient nutrient solution is profusely aerated by
solution which is aerated either by providing special mechanism. Oxygen level of 10-12
air space in the root zone or by pumping air in ppm is maintained in the nutrient solution.
Hydroponics | 23
24 | Hydroponics
Gardens have been established next to 4. Roof Garden: A rooftop garden is when
homes since time immemorial. The most you build a garden on the roof of a
important characteristics of home gardens building which is usually done in urban
are their location adjacent to homes, close areas. It is an easy way to have a garden
association with family activities and a wide experience without needing the land to
diversity of plant species to meet family create the garden. The plants are usually
needs. grown in pots or planters especially
constructed for the purpose. Flowers &
Home gardens are divided based on vegetables grown in pots on the roof top
their features, broadly into: provide coolness to the building and also
1. Front garden or aesthetic garden: This help in creating a habitat for birds. Light
is the visual area between the gate of pots and pot media are preferred. Water
the campus and entry point to the main proofing the roof floor is very important.
building. Focus is laid on aesthetic Lawns can also be raised with light soil
components such as lawns, flower beds, media and by providing proper drainage.
shrubs, trees, edges, hedges, creepers
on arches, pergolas, walls, fountains, HOME GARDEN COMPONENTS
waterfalls etc. This part of the garden This can be broadly divided into soft and
enhances the value of the building, hard landscape components. Soft landscape
refreshes the mind after hard work components consist of various types of plants
outside and makes life more enjoyable and hard landscape components comprise
both for owners and visitors. of civil works including metallic structures
such as arches pergolas etc.
2. Indoor Garden: This is mostly a container
garden in any part of the house like (A) Softscape Garden Components:
verandah, balconies, living room, kitchen, i. Trees: Trees are grown for shade, cooling
bedrooms and bathrooms etc. There is effect, screening, reducing dust, sound
scope to showcase the entire house as and air pollution. Based on available
a garden and allow one to be close to space, medium or small canopy trees can
nature. It is easy to maintain and enjoy an be grown. Trees can be evergreen and
indoor garden especially foliage plants. deciduous, based on their leaf shedding
Potted plants can be placed on pot character or they can be flowering and
stands, window-sills, on the floor in pot non flowering foliage trees.
trays or in corners or can be hanged on
specially made hooks. ii. Palms: Palms require very small ground
space for growth. They can either have
3. Back yard or Kitchen Garden: This clear, round, upright trunk with a majestic
is mainly used for growing fruits and ever green crown or clustering habit.
vegetables for personal use and also to Their root system does not require large
have some lawn area for a family sit out. surface area or depth in the ground. They
Functional value is of prime concern. are elegant to look at and well known for
32 | Plant Physilogy
For us a tree means flowers, fruits and • Help in preventing soil erosion.
shade. For a person in a village it means
fuel wood, timber, fodder and lots more. For • Provide good nesting places for birds.
children it is a wonderful place to climb on • Check air and sound pollution.
to and watch animals in action. For elders
it is a religious symbol and a pharmacy at • Obstruct entry of dust and smoke into
home. For some people it is a leaf shedding the house.
machine that fills the yard with leaf litter. In • Create required privacy.
urban areas, they are of immense value as
they are the only source of greenery amidst • Generate fragrance in and around the
the concrete jungle, adding beauty to the house with scented flowers.
city surroundings with their lush foliage,
• Make the campus colourful with
colorful flowers and beautiful shapes. Beside
multicoloured flowers and foliage.
the aesthetic value, they help in controlling
pollution, regulating temperature and as • Improve environment by creating
wind breakers. Trees are dominant elements humidity and coolness.
of a garden and contribute substantially to
the garden atmosphere. They are available in • Act as a background to the lawns and
many shapes, sizes, foliage and blooms. The other garden features.
selection of trees depend on the architecture • Act as natural protection system for
of the building, the purpose for which they shade loving potted plants.
are planted whether a single plant as a
focus of attention, or a cluster of plants for Tips for Planting & Maintaining Trees:
mass effect, the position available, whether • Plant the trees and water them properly.
in shade, semi-shade or open sunshine, Next day press at the base and stake the
waterside, rock areas etc., plants. Pressing is done to remove the
Tree are grown for shade, cooling effect, air pockets created during planting. If air
screening, reducing dust, sound and air pockets are not removed, they will act as
pollution. Based on available space, large precursors to infections.
or small canopy trees can be grown. Trees
• Pruning and training by removal of lower
can be classified as evergreen (which do
branches results in a balanced plant
not shed leaves) and deciduous (which shed
growth.
leaves during a particular season of the year)
or as flowering and foliage trees. • Regular weeding, mulching and watering
in the plant basins during first three years
Trees are an important component of a of planting are essential.
garden.
• They Provide shade during summer and • Periodic pruning of dried branches
shelter during rainy season. carefully with a pruning saw is desirable.
Trees | 33
S. Flowering
Name Colour Height
No. Season
1. Bauhinia Var White, pink, Small to medium Nov-Mar
purple
2. Cassia fistula Yellow Small Feb-Apr
3. Cassia javanica Pink, white Medium Jly-Sep
4. Cassia nodosa Orange -Scarlet Medium Jly-Sep
5. Colvillia racemosa Pink Tall Jly-Sep
6. Erythriana indica Scarlet Medium Mar-Apr
7. Erythrina crista-galli Scarlet Small Year round
8. Jacaranda Blue Medium Oct-Feb
9. Lagerstroemia florisregene Purple, pink Medium Jul-Aug
10. Delonix regia Orange Big Mar-July
11. Peltophorum Yellow Big Year Round
12. Plumeria sp. White Medium Oct-Mar
13. Spathodea companulata Orange Tall Oct-Mar
14. Tecoma argentia Yellow Small Feb-Mar
15. Tecoma gaudi chaudi Yellow Small Year Round
16. Tabebuia rosea Pink Small Feb-Mar
17. Saraca indica Orange Small Apr-Jun
18. Cordia sebestena Orange Small Year Round
34 | Trees
36 | Trees
Trees | 37
Plumeria Singapore Dwarf Crescentia Cujete Clusia Rosia Variegata Clusia Rosea
38 | Trees
Trees | 39
Ficus nitida Ficus pumila Ficus pumila Ficus religiosa Furcraea foetida Furcraea foetida
wall creeper variegeta variegated variegated
Gardenia Galphimia glauca Hamelia patens Hamelia patens Heliconia caribaea Heliconia latispatha
jasminoides variegata Starwiz
Heliconia Heliconia rostrata Heliconia stricta Heliconia Hibiscus rosa Hibiscus rosa
psittacorum huber wagneriana sinensis sinensis pink
Hibiscus rosa- Hibiscus rosa- Hibiscus rosa- Hibiscus rosa- Hibiscus rosa- Hibiscus rosa-
sinensis hawaiian sinensis hawaiian sinensis hawaiian sinensis viceroy sinensis hawaiian sinensis hawaiian
variety variety variety variety variety variety
40 | Trees
Euphorbia milii Euphorbia milii Euphorbia milii Euphorbia- Euphorbia- Excoecaria bicolour
visoflora Desert rose Hybrid pulcherrima White pulcherrima red
Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina Ficus bnjamina
(black) bushy king Panda rigenold variegate variegata
Ficus benjamina Ficus benjamina Ficus binnendijkii Ficus binnendijkii Ficus carica Ficus elastica
variegata yellow (long island) (Angeer) burgundy
Trees | 41
42 | Trees
Trees | 43
Saraca cauliflora Sesbania grandiflra Simarouba glauca Spathodea Spathodea Sterculia foetida
avisa campanulata tulip campanulata tulip china badam
tree-yellow tree-orange
Tabebuia pallida Tabebuia Tabebuia rosea Tamarindus indica Tectona grandis Terminali arjuna
avellanedae tamarind teak wood
Terminalia catappa Thespesia populnea Thevetia peruviana Thevetia peruviana Thuja orientalis Tipuana tipu
(Orange) (white)
44 | Trees
Mimusops elengi Mimusops elengi Muntingia calabura Murraya koenigii Nyctanthes arbor- Parkia biglandulosa
variegata singapore cherry curry leaf tristis parijatham
(coral jasmine)
Parkinsonia Peltophorum Pinus longifolia Plumeria lutea Plumeria obtusa Plumeria rubra
aculeata pterocarpum Frangipani Frangipani forma tricolour
Frangipani
Trees | 45
Couroupita Crataeva religiosa Crescentia cujete Cycas circinalis Cupressus Dalbergia sissoo
guianensis beggers bowl sempervirens
Delonix regia Dillenia indica Diospyros Erithrina crystagalli Erythrina indica Eucalyptus
peregrina citriodora
Ficus benghalensis Ficus benghalensis Ficus craterostoma Ficus hispida Ficus infectoria Ficus religiosa
krishne
Filicium decipiens Gardenia latifolia Gliricidia sepium Grevillea robusta Jacaranda filicifolia Jacaranda
mimosifolia
46 | Trees
Barringtonia Bauhinia blakeana Bauhinia purpurea Bixa orellana Bombax ceiba Brassaia
asiatica actinophylla
Cananga odorata Cassia excelsa Cassia fistula Cassia javanica Cassia marginata Cassia nodosa
Trees | 47
Manihot Esculenta Manihot Eseulenta Melaleuca golden Murraya exotica Murraya paniculata Mussaenda
Green varigeta crest erythrophylla
Scarlet
48 | Trees
Tecomaria capensis Thevetia peruviana Thuja orientalis Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia alata Vinca rosea
Yellow white
Trees | 49
Calliposis Corepis Celosia Cocks Centaurea cyanus Chrysanthemum Cosmos Mexican Delphinium spp
comb Cornflower coronarium Annual aster Larkspur
Chrysanthemum
Iberis sempervirens Impatiens balsa Flax Pansy Petunia grandiflora Phlox drummondii
Candytuft balsam Picoti variety Phlox
Salvia splendens Tagetes sp Torenia sp Verbena Flower Zinnia elegans red Zinnia linerals
Salvia red marigold Torenia Verbena Youth and old Perennial zennia
50 | Trees
Lantana camara red Lantana sellowiana Lantana sellowiana Porchulaca Verbina Wedelia trilobata
purple white
Hedera canariensis Hemigraphis Impatiens Liriope muscari Liriope platyphylla Liriope platyphylla
colorata linearifolia variegata
Trees | 51
Dracaena Dracaena song of Dracaena song of Dracaena tricolour Epipremnum Euonymus japonicus
sanderiana india jamaica pinnatum yellow queen
Trees | 53
54 | Trees
Opuntia cylindrica Opuntia falcata Opuntia ficus Pachycereus Pereskia aculeata Pereskia bleo
indica pringlei
Aptenia cordifolia Beaucarnea Butea monosperma Cissus Euphorbia milii Furcraea gigantea
recurvata quadrangularis
Trees | 55
Clock Tower Park, Secunderabad Lotus Pond, Jubilee Hills Krishna Kant Park, Yousufguda
Krishna Kant Park, Yousufguda Krishna Kant Park, Yousufguda Krishna Kant Park, Yousufguda
Indira Park, Tankbund Indira Park, Tankbund Dr. Marri Channareddy Memorial Rock
Garden, Indira Park
Road Island near G.H.M.C. Head Office Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanam Temple, Herbal Garden, Ashwini Layout, Jubliee Hills
Himayathnagar, Road Median
Colony Parks Road Median at Gachibowli Hitex Road Median, Hi-tech City
56 | Trees
Pragati Green Meadows and Resorts Ltd. Pragati Green Meadows and Resorts Ltd. Pragati Green Meadows and Resorts Ltd.
Aalankrita Resorts & SPA, Thumkunta, Adansonia Digitata (Boabab Tree) 500 Aalankrita Resorts & SPA, Thumkunta,
Shameerpet Years Old Tree near Golconda Fort Shameerpet
Nagpur National Highway Road Median Mr. K Bhoopal Reddy, Villa No.-15, Micasa Raheja Mindspace Hi-tech City
Stering Kompally
Trees | 57
Indira Gandhi Island, Necklace Road Road Median at Kothaguda Junction P.V. Gyana Bhoomi, Necklace Road
P.V. Gyana Bhoomi, Necklace Road Lumbini Park Buddha Purnima, Project Office
Road Island Opp., Shilparamum Zen Garden, Kothaguda Junction KBR National Park Walkway
KBR National Park Walkway Railway Station, Necklace Road Garchibowli Stadium
58 | Trees
Palms require very small ground space for They remain evergreen and do not litter the
growth. They can either have clear, round, ground with leaves. Therefore, palms are
upright trunk with a majestic ever green more suitable and ideal for narrow passages
crown or clustering habit. Their root system and narrow strips of land, boundaries and
does not require large surface area or depth near the building.
in the ground. They are elegant to look at
Note: Tips for planting can be adopted as in
and well known for their symmetrical growth
trees.
which makes an avenue look beautiful.
PALMS : 1
S. S.
Plant Name Plant Name
No. No.
1. Adonidia merrillii green 16. Borassus aethiopum (African palmyra
palm)
2. Adonidia merrillii golden (Christmas 17. Borassus flabelliefer (Palmyra palm)
palm)
3. Archontophoenix alexandrae (King 18. Brahea armata (Blue hesper palm)
palm)
4. A. cunninghamiana (Piccabean palm) 19. Butia capitata (Wine palm)
5. Archontophoenix myolensis (Myola 20. Butia paraguiaensis
palm)
6. Areca catechu cv.alba 21. Caryota mitis (Clustering fish tail palm)
7. Areca catechu dwarf (Dwarf betel nut 22. Caryota urens (Fish tail palm)
palm)
8. Areca catechu (Betel nut palm) 23. Chameadorea costaricana (Pacaya
palm)
9. Areca macrocalyx (Kawiwi palm) 24. Chamaedorea elegans (Parlour palm)
10. Areca triandra (Triandra palm) 25. Chamaerops humilis (European fan palm)
11. Areca vestiaria (Langlois palm) 26. Coccothrinax argenata (Silver thatch
palm)
12. Arenga obtusifolia (Langkap palm) 27. Cocos nucifera (East coast tall)
13. Arenga pinnata (Black sugar palm) 28. Cocos nucifera (Ceylon orange)
14. Arenga tremula (Dwarf sugar palm) 29. Cocos nucifera dwarf (Dwarf coconut)
15. Bismarckia nobilis (Bismarck palm) 30. Cocos nucifera (Malayan golden
yellow)
Palms | 59
60 | Palms
Bambusa Bauhinia galpini Bauhinia Bauhinia acuminata Barleria cristata Barleria cristata
ventricosa (Buddha tomentosa Candida (White) Candida (Pink)
Belly)
Palms | 63
Areca catechu Areca catechu Areca macrocalyx Areca triandra Areca vestiaria Arenga obtusifolia
Dwarf betel nut Betel nut palm Kawiwi palm Triandra palm Langlois palm Lang kap palm
palm
Arenga pinnata Arenga tremula Bismarckia nobilis Borassus Borassus flabellifer Brahea armata
Black sugar palm Dwarf sugar palm Bismarck palm aethiopum African Palmyra palm Blue hesper palm
palmyra palm
Butia capitata Butia Caryota mitis Caryota urens Chamaedorea Chamaedorea elegans
Wine palm paraguayensis Clustering fish tail Giant fish tail palm costaricana Pacaya Parlour palm
palm palm
Chamaerops Coccothrinax Cocos nucifera Cocos nucifera Cocos nucifera Cocos nucifera
humilis European argentata Silver Coconut (east coast Coconut (cevlon dwarf Coconut Coconut malayan
fan palm thatch palm tall) orange) golden yellow
64 | Palms
Shrubs are usually woody or semi-woody Tips for Planting & Maintaining of
perennial plants with branches arising from Shrubs:
the base of the plants and growing up to • Dig pits of 8 cft (cubic feet) and loosening
heights of 1-4 meters. Most of the shrubs are bottom of the pit, expose to sun for at
hardy and grow in all types of soil. least 2 weeks or burn the pit with leaf
Shrubs can be classified into three groups trash.
according to the requirement of sunlight for • Maintain 2’ to 6’ distance between pits,
growth and flowering. depending on the growth potential of the
plant.
• Plants that show normal growth and
• Fill the pits with dug out soil; 10 kg well
flowering in full sun,
decomposed cattle compost or 5 Kg
• Grow only in partial shade, vermi-compost, 1Kg neem cake and ½ Kg
super phosphate and 100 gms of folidol
• Can grow well both in sunny and semi- dust.
shady conditions.
• Plant the selected shrubs or creepers,
Shrubs are usually grown for their showy water well, stake the plant next day.
flowers or beautiful foliage. Pruning of plants Regular watering is required thereafter.
helps to get bushy growth. The practice of • Rune and train the shrubs and creepers
clipping shrubs into ornamental shapes, for controlling plant size, shape and
known as topiary, has been in vogue for giving a bushy growth.
centuries. Flowering shrubs need sun light • Take up weeding and mulching in the
and foliage shrubs grow well under partial basin on a regular basis.
sunlight and shade. Location can be decided • Regular care is required to protect the
based on the height and canopy of the plant. plants against pests and diseases.
Common Shrubs:
Drought Resistant Water Loving
1. Allamanda 11. Jasmine 1. Dambeya 1. Crotons
2. Bougainvillea 12. Justicea 2. Gardenia 2. Coleus
3. Caesalpinea 13. Lantana 3. Murraya exotica 3. Phyllanthus
4. Cassias 14. Lagerstromia 4. Mussaenda 4. Eranthemums
5. Cestrum 15. Plumeria 5. Plumbago 5. Acalyphas
6. Euphorbia 16. Tecomas 6. lxora 6. AraIias
7. Hamelia 17. Thevetia 7. Lemonia
8. Hibiscus 8. Pentas
9. Holmskoildea 9. Bottle Brush
10. Roses 10. Calliandra
Shrubs | 67
68 | Shrubs
Shrubs | 69
70 | Shrubs
Plumeria Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata
acuminata Kaiulaia Kaneeohe Kaneo ho sunrise Keywest-elizabeth Kona hybrid Keywest red
Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata
Lisa marie Madam pon Madison white Mary susan Miami rose Mori
Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata
Nebel gold Petersons gold acuminata Plastic Pink pansy Powder pink Puu kahea
pink
Plumeria acuminata Plumeria Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata Plumeria acuminata
Rin wheel acuminata Ruby le Samoan fluff Singapore plumeria Tangerine Temple tree/Frangi
pani
Shrubs | 71
Eltingera Elatior Heliconia Bihai Lobster Claw Heliconia Indica Spectabilis Alpinia Pink
Var Rubra
Heliconia Strkta Firebird Heliconia Orthotricua Heliconia Orthotricua Tricolor Heliconia Orthotricha
Etlingera Elatior (White) Torch Ginger (Red) Torch Ginger (Pink) Torch Ginger Rose
72 | Shrubs
Stictocardia Macalusoi Ipomoea Horsfalliae Ipomoea Morning Glory Ipomoea Wood Rose
Indica
Shrubs | 73
74 | Shrubs
Shrubs | 75
76 | Shrubs
Shrubs | 77
78 | Shrubs
Cryptostegia Grandiflora Alpinea (Pink Ginger) Ornamental Banana Variegated Agave Variegated
Shrubs | 79
80 | Shrubs
Solanum Macaranthum Barringtonea Scheffelera Haicolour Ochna Kirkii (Tom & Jerry Plant)
Shrubs | 81
Plants grown in series in straight line or a Tips for Laying Hedges and
smooth wave to serve as a barrier or screen Edges:
are termed as hedges. They provide a
natural background to a garden, like a frame 1. Dig trenches of 1’ width and 1’ depth.
to a picture which maybe external or internal. Loosen the bottom of trench and expose
An external hedge is tall and may replace the to sun for about 15 days.
compound wall. It also serves as a protection
2. Fill the trench w it dug out soil if it is good
against wind. It may be 1.5 to 2.5 meters
or red soil. Mixed with 25 kg compost or
(5 to 9 feet) height. The internal hedge
10 kg vermi-compost, 2.5 kg Neem cake
separates different parts of the garden and
and 1 kg Super Phosphate per 10’ length
is not so tall. It may vary from 30 to 90 cm
of the trench; 25 Gms of folidol dust., and
(1to 3 feet). Hedges may be of deciduous or
water the filled trench for settling.
evergreen plants. They may be flowering or
non flowering plants. Hedges are generally 3. Plant rooted cuttings of the selected
created with fast growing plants so as to get plant material at 4” - 6” gap and water.
the effect immediately as screen, or wind- During rainy season with high humidity,
break. They have a capacity to grow tall and uprooted cuttings can also be planted, at
are evergreen. close range of 2”-3” spacing in two rows.
Protective Hedges:
1. Carissa Carandas (Karonda) 20-60 Light
2. Inga dulcis 90-100 Well
3. Lawsonia inermi (Mehendi) 45-60 Well
4. Parkinsonia aculiata 90-100 Light
A-ORNAMENTAL HEDGES
Planting
S. English and Botanical name Method of
distance Description
No. Common Name and Natural order propagation
(cm)
1 Acalypha Aclypha 30-45 Cutting Makes a good hedge because
sunderiana of attractive coloured leaves
Emphorbiaceae ; can be trained up to a
height of 0 9-1.2 m. Does
not stand trimming well
and is susceptible to low
temperature.
2 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea spp. 90-120 Cutting air Most of the varieties make
Nyctaginaceae & ground an effective beautiful and
layering hardy hedge, produces pretty
flowers almost all the year
round. Stands trimming well.
Can be trained up to a height
of 0 9-1.2 m.
Plants which are used to cover the soil • Grow only in partial shade
surface as an alternative to lawns are termed
• Grow well in full sun and semi shade
as ground covers. They help in preventing
conditions.
dust pollution and to add colour through
flowers or foliage. They also check soil Groundcovers are useful in the garden for
erosion. covering bare patches of soil beneath trees
or shrubs or for covering steep banks where
They enhance the aesthetic appearance
access is difficult. Their roots also help to
of any garden. They can be classified into
stabilize soilon steep slopes and check
three groups according to the requirement
erosion. Ground cover plants brighten up
of sunlight for growth and flowering.
otherwise dull areas and will suppress weeds,
• Plants that show normal growth and making them ideal for a low-maintenance
flower in full sun garden.
Groundcovers:
S. S. S.
Plant Name Plant Name Plant Name
No. No. No.
1. Alternanthera sp. 11. Verbina 21. Impatiens linearifolia
2. Asystasia gangetica 12. Wede lia trilobata 22. Liriope muscari variegate
3. Senecio confucious 13. Aspidistra elatior 23. Liriope platyphylla
4. Zebrina pendula 14. Begonia semperflorens 24. Liriope platyphylla
5. Ruellia sp. 15. Callisia Repens 25. Dianella tasmanica
6. Syngonium sp. 16. Chlorophytum sp. 26. Aptenia caudifolia
7. Rhoeo spathacea vittata 17. Pelargonium hortorum 27. Scindapsis sp.
8. Lantana sellowiana 18. Euonymus japonicas 28. Sansiveras
9. Pilea sp. 19. Hedera cana riensis 29. Setcreasea
10. Portulaca 20. Hemigraphis colarata 30. Spathyphyllum
Ground Covers | 87
Common Climbers:
S. Common Flower Flowering
Name Type Propagation
No. Name colour season
1. Agamosma caryophyllata Maiati lata White Rainy H C
2. Allamanda cathartica ...... Yellow AYR L CL
3. Antigonan leptopus ...... Rosy AYR L S
4. Aristolochia grandiflora Birth wart Purple Summer, L CL
Rainy
5. Beaumonta purpuria Nepal Trumpet White Winter H CL
6. Bougainvilles sp. ...... Multi Summer H CL
7. Bignonia purpuria ...... Purple L L
8. Bignonia venusta Golden Shower Orange L L
9. Cleorodendron splendence ....... Scarlet Winter L C,S
10. Ficus repens Wall creeper ... …. L C,L
11. Areca vestiaria (Langlois palm) Madhavi Lily Yellow Winter L S,L
12. lpomea horsfolliae ...... Crimson Winter H G,L
13. Jacquemontia ...... Blue AYR L C,L
14. Jasminum SP. Motia White Summer L C,L
Climbers | 89
90 | Climbers
Climbers | 91
Combretum Cryptostegia Echites Ficus pumila (wall Ficus pumila (wall Ipomoea horsfalliae
coccineum grandiflora India caryophyllata creeper) variegata creeper)
rubber vine
92 | Climbers
Pseudocalymma Pyrostegia venusta Quamoclit coccinea Quamoclit pinnata Quisqualis Quisqualis indica
alliace Garlic vine Golden shower Star ipomoea Cypress vine densiflora double Ragoon
climber
Climbers | 93
94 | Roses
Roses | 97
98 | Roses
Roses | 99
100 | Roses
Roses | 101
102 | Roses
Roses | 103
104 | Roses
Roses | 105
Roses | 107
108 | Roses
Roses | 109
Hybrid tea White Hybrid tea Hybrid tea Norma Hybrid tea Majestic Hybrid tea Maria HT Rose Mother
arrow White Kanchan Yellow Red Pink shriver White of pearl Pink with
apricot
HT Rose Marcel HT Rose Hot HT Rose Elvis HT rose Shanghai HT rose Sweet HT rose Delicate
pagnel Red romance Orange White autumn Yellow promise salmon beauty White
blend blend orange
HT Rose Ashwini HT rose dream HT Rose HT Rose Espresso HT Rose lco HT Rose Rose
Blackish crimson come true Bicolour Celebration day Chocolate vermilio delight sport White osaca Deep red
Pink blend
HT Rose Ksg HT Rose Lily the HT Rose Reba HT Rose Fire and HT Rose Janice HT Rose Blue time
manas Salmon pink Pink mcintire Deep ice Bicolour Kellog Red Mouve
yellow blend Orange
110 | Roses
Floribunda Floribunda Floribunda Clara Floribund Home & Floribunda Gebruder Floribunda Irene
remembrance Harkness marigold Silvery white Garden Pink grimm Bicolour Apricot blend
Scarlet Peach blend
Floribunda Floribunda Autumn Floribunda For your Floribunda Floribunda Red Floribunda Ebbtide
Embrrsement spray multi colour with love Orange Roserarses de hot Red Purple
Scarlet crimson vermilion chatlet Pink
Floribunda Cubana Floribunda Love Floribunda Neon Floribunda Red Floribunda Floribunda Gisella
Brilliant apricot struck Pink Multi colour Finess Red Profumo Rosso Coral pink
Red
Floribunda Fairy Floribunda Bad Floribunda Bad Floribunda Floribunda Silvina Floribunda Golden
White White Worishofen brambach Pink Careless Beauty Donvito Yellow memories Yellow
Rosepink Pink blend
Roses | 111
Miniature Incognito Miniature Red Miniature Red fairy Miniature Magic Miniature Spray Miniature Choo
Lavender gold beauty Dark red Scarlet red carrousal White & delight Scarlet Choo Soft pink
pink
Miniature Libby Miniature Wild Miniature Flower Miniature George Miniature Janna Miniature Pink puff
White & pink plum Lavender power gold Yellow best Red sport Bright pink Pink
Miniature Cindy Miniature Ice fairy Miniature Sanjit Miniature Hot & Miniature Happy Miniature Tear
Carmine pink Ice white Pink howler trail Bright pink drops White
Miniature Hula girl Miniature Don don Miniature Careless Miniature Blue Miniature Orange Miniature Over the
Orange Red moment Bicolour blood Red flame Orange rainbow Pink blend
112 | Roses
Some facts about Lawns: • Excessive usage rates for watering are a
people problem, not a plant problem.
Lawns and yards transform strangers into
neighbors, neighbors into neighborhoods, • Restrictions on watering and irrigation
and neighborhoods into communities. during local drought conditions can
Rainfall, Erosion and Recharge: save potentially significant amounts of
municipal water with no lasting harm to
• Lawns are ten times better at soaking lawns that are allowed to go dormant.
up rainfall than crop farms, they serve as But the restrictions have to be done right.
rainwater harvesting pits.
Lawns & the Environment:
• Grass is exceptionally good at preventing
erosion. Rain will remove up to 2200% • A 50’ x 50’ square of healthy lawn
more top soil from bare earth than from a supplies enough oxygen for a family of
lawn. Properties of Grass: four.
• More and more homeowners are leaving
• Grass is the only plant which responds
grass clippings on the lawn where they
to severe cutting with increased growth.
belong and where microorganisms can
Cleaning up pollutants: recycle the nutrients.
• The microorganisms in a turf grass/ • Lawn pesticides are not harming the
soil ecosystem can clean up petroleum environment. Lawn fertilizers properly
products, metals such as lead, copper, applied at the right times will stay in the
zinc, and cadmi-um, and a variety of lawn. They will not be washed away by
organic chemicals, including pesticides. rain or leached down into the subsoil.
• An acre of grass will absorb hundreds of • They stay where they are applied, and
pounds of sulfur duixude every year. they are broken down into benign
components in short periods of time.
• Lawn grass can be used as the last step They do not accumulate. Where traces
for treating domestic wastewater. are found, they are in harmlessly low
The Lawn Ecosystem: concentrations of a few parts per billion.
• A turf grass ecosystem the size of a Lawns & Health:
football field can support up to 13 lakhs • Regularly mowed lawns will produce a
earthworms. minimum of pollen and look green all
• Grass enriches the soil by adding over around the year.
2600 kgs of organic matter each year to • Nothing beats turf for safety and comfort
an area the size of a football field. on play areas of children and recreational
areas.
Watering:
• Majority of the gardeners who do all or
• Lawns require less water than shrubs or part of their own yard work; consider it a
trees. healthy physical and mental exercise.
Lawns | 113
114 | Lawns
1. Produce large number of flowers if they 2. Feeding : In early stages supply nitrogen
are planted / placed in full sunshine. They using only organic manures. Phosphorus
respond to plenty of food and moisture is best applied as basal dressing since it is
released slowly. Proportion of Potassium
2. There are hundreds of vanities of should be increased as the flower buds
Chrysanthemums, Giving you a multitude appear.
of options for height, colour, flower size
and time of bloom. You can pick and 3. Water management : The frequency of
choose to fit your wants and needs when watering depends on the stage of growth,
you visit the Nursery. soil and weather conditions. Avoid water
logging during the rainy season. Potted
3. They should be planted into well plants are either provided temporary
prepared, fertile, sandy media, they shelter or kept in horizontal position
resent ‘WET FOOT’ . during the constant downpour.
Chrysanthemum | 117
118 | Chrysanthemum
DWF deciduous Elena Fngle wood Mother theresa Neelima Pink cloud
Vijay karan White bouquet White prolific White star Yellow gold Yellow reflex
120 | Chrysanthemum
3. Kalapvriksh (Adansonia
digitata)
A genus of eight species of tree, six
native to Madagascar, one native
to mainland Africa and the Arabian
Peninsula and one to Australia. The mainland
African species also occurs on Madagascar,
Kalapvriksha at Raj Ghat
but it is not a native of that island, and was
introduced in ancient times to south Asia and
during the colonial era to the Caribbean. A Province, South Africa, often considered the
ninth species was identified in 2012, largest example alive – up to recent times
incorporating upland populations of southern had a circumference of 47 m (154 ft). Its
and eastern Africa.A typical common diameter is estimated at about 15.9 m (52 ft).
name is baobab. Other common names Recently the tree split up into two parts
include boab, boaboa, tabaldi, bottle tree, and it is possible that the stoutest tree now
upside-down tree, and monkey bread tree. is Sunland baobab, also in South Africa. The
The generic name honoursMichelAdanson, diameter of this tree is 10.64 m (34.9 ft), with
the French naturalist and explorer an approximate circumference of 33.4 m
who described Adansoniadigitata (110 ft).Some baobabs are reputed to be
Adansonias reach heights of 5 to 30 m many thousands of years old, which is difficult
(16 to 98 ft) and have trunk diameters of to verify, as the wood does not produce
7 to 11 m (23 to 36 ft). Glencoe baobab – annual growth rings, though radiocarbon
an African baobab specimen in Limpopo dating may be able to provide age data.
25. Rudraksha
(Elaeocarpus Ganitrus)
Rudraksha grows in the area
from the Gangetic Plain in foothills
of the Himalayas to South-East
Asia. Rudraksha seeds are
covered by an outer shell of blue
color when fully ripe, and for
this reason are also known as
blueberry beads. The blue colour
is derived not from pigment but
is structural. It is an evergreen tree
that grows quickly. Rudraksha Tree
starts bearing fruit in three to four
years. As the tree matures, the
roots buttress rising up narrowly
near the trunk and radiating out
along the surface of the ground.
The seeds show variation in
the number of grooves on their
surface, and are classified on the
basis of the number of divisions
that they have. Different qualities According to the Ayurvedic medical system, wearing
are attributed to the rudraksha Rudraksha can have a positive effect on the heart and
based on the number of grooves, nerves, and relieve you from stress, anxiety, depression,
or ‘faces’ that it has. A common palpitations and lack of concentration. It is also known
type has five divisions, and these for its anti ageing effect, and electromagnetic and
are considered to be symbolic of inductive properties. People with high blood pressure
the five faces of Shiva. It can only be have been found have benefited from the use of
worn with red string or a gold chain. Rudraksha seeds.
Miracle fruit, (Synsepalum dulcificum), base with smooth margins and feature a waxy
also called miracle berry, of the family underside; they grow in spire like clusters
Sapotaceae, grown for its mild fruits that make at the ends of small branches. The small
subsequently eaten sour foods taste sweet. white flowers give rise to red drupe fruits that
The miracle fruit is native to tropical where it is are about 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 inches) in length.
used locally to sweeten palm wine and other Plants typically begin producing fruit after
beverages. The unrelated sweet prayer plant three or four years and require acidic soil.
(Thaumatococcus daniellii) is also known as
The flavour-altering mechanism of miracle
miracle fruit for its similar ability to make sour
fruit is due to a glycoprotein named miraculin,
foods taste sweet.
which was first isolated by Japanese
The miracle fruit plant grows as a dense researcher Kenzo Kurihara in 1968. Although
shrub or small tree, usually not more than miraculin itself is not sweet, it binds to
5.5 metres (18 feet) in height in the wild receptors on the taste buds and causes
and generally smaller when cultivated. The acidic foods to be perceived as sweet.
simple leaves are oval and tapering at the The effect typically lasts from a half hour
Miracle Fruit Leaves and unusual flowers of the Miracle Fruit plant (Synsepalum Dulcificum)
Miracle fruit is one of the common names of By acting as a low-calorie, sugar-free additive
Synsepalum dulcificum, a shrub that is native in many meals, this fruit is an excellent aid in
to western Africa, where it has been in use for your weight loss efforts. It will not contribute
centuries. Most notably, miracle fruit has the to your overall calorie intake, nor is it packed
ability to make sour food taste sweet, thanks with simple sugars and carbs that can lead to
to a compound called miraculin. Miraculin weight gain.
is able to bind to the tongue’s taste buds, Although only trace amounts of vitamin
which blocks the receptors when the pH C are present in this fruit, it can still give a
level of the mouth is neutral. However, when small boost to your immune system. Vitamin
we eat sour fruit, the pH of the mouth drops, C stimulates the production of white blood
and miraculin is able to activate the sweet cells, which are the body’s main line of
receptors while blocking the sour ones. defense against pathogens and infections.
Aside from the novel aspects of miracle fruit, There are also trace amounts of vitamin A
also known as miracle berry, sweet berry, and found in this fruit, which has been directly
Landscape Design
Nakshatra Garden
One of the attractive areas of Deen Dayal Upadhyay Park is Nakshatra Garden. This garden
is developed in Pocket-7A by planting 27 species of plants representing each Nakshatra. List
of auspicious plant for nakshtra is:
Tirthankar Garden
This garden designed and developed with the concept of Tirthankar Van in which 24 species
of identical plants of Tirthankar are planted. The list of plants planted in Tirthankar van is:
Landscape Design
Former prime minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee passed away on 16 August 2018.
Marking his first death anniversary, a ‘Saidev Atal’ memorial was organised in New Delhi on
16th August 2018.
President Ram Nath Kovind, Vice-President M Venkaiah Naidu and Prime Minister Narendra
Modi were among the dignitaries who paid floral tributes to the former statesman at the
memorial built near the Rashtriya Smriti Sthal, where his mortal remains were consigned to
flames on 17th August 2018.
Decoration at Different Samadhies | 171
Prime Minister Narendra Modi pays tributes to former prime minister AB Vajpayee on his 95th
birth anniversary, in New Delhi.
President Ram Nath Kovind with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Amit Shah, JP Nadda &
other BJP leaders attend prayer meeting to pay tributes to former prime minister Atal Bihari
Vajpayee at his memorial, Sadaiv Atal, on his first death anniversary, in New Delhi.
President Ram Nath Kovind with Prime Minister Narendra Modi pays tributes to former prime
minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee at his memorial, Sadaiv Atal, on his first death anniversary, in
New Delhi.
Decoration at Different Samadhies | 173
Copy to
1. APS to UDM/PS to MOS (UD)
2. SPPS to Secretary (UD)/ PS to JS (UD)/PS to JS(DL)/PS to DS(DD)
Landscape Design
2000 ( BASANT )
Display of Floral Tableau during Republic Day | 191
Celebrations Preparation of Floral Tableau
CPWD HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURE
CPWD TABLEAU- 2001
Theme : Shanti Sandesh
The theme of the Floral Tableau of the year come to resemble our actions or observation,
2001 was “Shanti Sandesh” showing three listening, and speaking which depicts don’t
monkies of Mahatma Gandhi’ depicting see flaws in every one, don’t listen irrelevant
moral gestures-see no evil, speak no evil, things don’t speak any things that hurt
and hear no evil. others. Always look for the good in people
and believe in truth.
The rear part of tableau shows the portrait
of mahatma Gandhi decorated with beautiful The beautiful flowers of different varieties of
white colour chrysanthemum flowers gives Lily and Asparagus are used in the Tableau
the message of peace and purity. The front which gives message of renewal, growth,
portion of Tableau shows the Teen Bander and hope.
of Mahatma Gandhi. These monkeys have
2002 ( GHAR )
2004 ( TEEJ )
2013 ( SEASONS - RITU )
2014 ( RAJPATH )
2018 ( DIWALI )
The winter season in India starts from the No joy in this world would match the level
month of October and continue till the of joy to gaze upon the seedling sown by
month of March. This is the season when you, break first into a bud and then blossom
the flowering plants bloom and fill the into a riot of colours, an unsurpassed beauty
dull landscape with their vibrant and eye that only Mother Nature can bestow on
soothing colours. It is up to the choice of mankind. Sheer aesthetics apart, growing
the gardener, what variety he wants to plants would take care of your contribution
grow. Definitely he should be aware that the towards conserving our environment. This
variety that he chooses should be suitable in turn would help save the fast depleting
with his land conditions for a perfect bloom. green cover on earth. So go out and plant
The conditions required for a great bloom now. Happy gardening!
may involve different light requirement
Herewith are a few examples of winter
depending on their variety, i.e. full, semi
annuals which are easy to grow in Indian
shaded or shade, most winter annual flowers
conditions, easy to maintain and bloom into
require full sun and water throughout.
absolutely stunning flowers.
The characteristic feature of every winter
flowering plant would be their striking 1. Aster (Callistephus chinensis)
appearances and a colourful display of Asters get their name from the Latin word
flowers. Annual flowers and plants live for “star,” and their flowers are indeed the
their complete lifecycle in one season and superstars of the garden. Some the height
once they start to flowering they continue of the plants varies from 30 cm to 75 cm
blooming, some just until they have produced according to verities Aster has most cheerful
seed other until the weather is incompatible different colours . It requires full sun for
for their growth/ survival. You should intend growth. The flowers attracts butterflies and
filling the colourless places in the garden drought tolerance plant and very easy to
with colourful flowering plants. Winter can grow during winter in India.
be dull if we have not prepared for it with
the grey skies and so many plants dormant.
Winter annual flowers can be a fantastic way
of filling gap in the time between dormancy
and spring with sparky colours. Fortunately,
North India offers a very rich variety of winter
annuals to choose and to arrange them in
order to create a colourful display in the
garden. There are two ways to grow them,
firstly from seedlings which grow in seed
pans secondly by directly showing seeds in
beds or pots.
23. Mesembryanthemum
(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
Mesembryanthemum is a member of
the family Aizoaceae; like many members of
this family, it is characterized by long-lasting
flower heads. Flowers of Mesembryanthemum
22. Nasturtium (Tropaeolum protect their gametes from night-time dews
majus) or frosts but open in sunlight. There is an
obvious evolutionary advantage to doing this;
Nasturtiums are so versatile. They grow easily
where sun, dew, frost, wind or predators are
from seed sown directly in your garden’s
likely to damage exposed reproductive
poorest soil and blooms all season until frost
organs, closing may be advantageous
and are never greedy about food or fertilizer.
during times when flowers are unlikely to
Nasturtiums are available in either spreading
attractpollinators.
Winter Seasonal Flowers | 219
Planting
Pot Sown in
S. English Botanical name distance Height
or situ of Colour Remarks
No. Common name and Natural order in bed (cm)
Bed transplanted
(cm)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The summer season start in India from the home in a sun-drenched area. There’s also
month of April and continues till the month a whole pastel color palette for moss rose
of June, from July to September the season -- creamy white, pink, and peach varieties.
is rainy. In summer the temperature rise up It often happily reseeds, coming back every
to 45 c and winds are dry all around. After year with gusto. The plant ht. 7-20 cm, width.
the sparky spring, where various choice of 30 cm, Easy to Grow.
flowers are available, in summer season there
are very limited variety available because
of adverse weather conditions, which the
gardener can grow for adding color and
flowers in his garden. The way of planting are
by grow seedlings and planting them in beds
or pots, secondly showing the seed directly
in the beds or pots. During propagation for
summer flower gardener should keep in
mind to add the compost and sand in mixture
to maintain the moisture during dry summer
before planting seedling or seeds. The
gardener should also keep in mind about the
availability of irrigation water. Here, we are
suggesting some popular summer and rainy
season flowers for gardeners to choose from
them.
Plants which flower profusely, when planted Perennials offer a lot of color without a lot
in groups to give a mass effect are termed as of work. Among seasonal flowers, some
flower beds. They may be perennial (living species are specific to winter; summer
for more than two years), biennials (living for and rainy season and some can be grown
two years) and annuals or seasonal (living for throughout the year.
one season or for one year). They enhance
the outdoor surroundings and are a good Laying of Flower Beds:
source of cut flowers. They are a good source 1. Dig Trenches of 1’- 6” depth of required
for attracting pollinators, such as bees and shape and size.
butterflies.
2. Remove weeds and other unwanted
Perennial plants are plants that lives for materials.
more than two years. The term is often
used to differentiate a plant from shorter- 3. Fill up trenches with dug out soft soil
lived annuals and biennials. The term is also by adding 3 kg compost or 1kg vermi-
widely used to distinguish plants with little compost + 0.5 kg neem cake +
or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, 4. + 0.25 kg super phosphate per cft. + 25
which are also technically perennials. gms of folidol dust.
The most popular type of flowers in gardens 5. Water the beds and refill the trench to
are annuals which are raised from seed. They cover up the shrinkage and form a bund
grow, bloom, seed and exhaust themselves around the bed to form a basin.
during a season. It has the advantage of a
tremendous variety of colour, size and form 6. Plants seedlings at 6’-9” spacing after
and occupies garden space for less time and clipping lower 1/3rd leaves.
can be easily replaced. The seasonal flowers 7. Water gently with a rose can.
allow the gardener to see all the stages of
growth in the shortest possible period. This 8. Regular weeding, mulching and watering
satisfies the “Growth Instinct” of gardener are required.
more than any other type.
9. Clipping of primary buds to promote
Seasonal and perennial flower beds in bushy growth and better flowering
various shapes and sizes can be designed. should be done.
Flowers of all rainbow colours are available.
Potted plants are displayed both indoors for spreading can be used in small and
and outdoors, as groups or singles, on plane medium containers and species which have
areas or steps, on ground or pot stands. a tendency to grow big and tall are used in
Hanging pots are also used extensively. Pots big pots. Generally fruit plants and trees are
in a group give very good effect. planted in bigger containers, or in planter
boxes.
Plants grown in pots are called pot plants.
When open spaces are not available, as in Whatever the size of the container are
the case of apartments, residences and size of the plant, pot plants require regular
offices, pot plants can be effectively used. application of manures and fertilizers and
Pot plants have the advantage of mobility. post control measures taken to keep them
For indoor locations and rooftop gardens pot healthy. It is recommended to apply fertilizers
plants can be both indoor and outdoor. Most and pesticides at regular intervals of 15 days
of the plants can be potted and used as pot 30 days, by loosening the top soil. Repotting
plants. of plants is recommended once in a year.
Whenever repotting is done, it is advised to
Pot plants are used as indoor plants and also
go in for a bigger pot than the existing pot,
as outdoor plants on terraces, balconies, in
for a healthy growth. It is advisable to prune
driveways & also as decorative plants for
some of the roots at the time of repotting
display during special functions, conferences
as it allows the plants to develop new roots
and other events. Pot plants comprise of
which help in absorbing the nutrients better.
Seasonal plants Flower, Foliage, Fruits, and
Some plants like Cycads, Adeniums and
Specimen plants.
Beau-carneas etc. Have to be repotted once
Lot of plants can be grown as pot plants. in 2 to 4 years.
When a plant is selected for planting in a
The media for potting should be porous and
pot, care should be taken that the nutritional
rich. For making the media porous Cockpit
requirements of the plant is fulfilled, as the
and perlite are used. For making it rich, use
media in a pot is restricted to the size of the
Vermicompost. Sand or broken clay pieces
pot. If the nutritional requirement of the plant
are added to media to improve the drainage,
is high, we have to replenish the same by
before repotting the plant, as improper
periodical application of fertilizer and manure
drainage kills the plant due water logging.
Depending on the growth potential of the
Watering of potted plants should be regulated
plant species, the container or pot size is
with care, as excess/ shortage of water
selected. Plants which are used as ground
can damage the plant. Generally in ground
covers or which like to droop are planted in
plantation, a plant can tolerate irregularity in
hanging baskets (such plants have shallow
watering because of sub-soil moisture which
root system). Plants which grown up to a
is not possible in pot plants.
certain height, and which require less area
Fire Storm Lime Zinger Fuzzy Wuzzy Sunsparkler Green Jelly Bean
Key Lime Pie Bear Paw Orbiculata Mother of Millions Chocolate Soldier
String of Pearls Purple Heart Donkey’s Tail Calico Kitten Ruby Necklace
Sedum Sieboldii Baby Necklace String of Hearts Little Missy String of Bananas
CRASSULA
Lavender Pebbles Ice Plant Concrete Leaf Lobster Flower Pink Ice Plant
CACTUS
Britton & Rose Paper Spine Corn Cob Pine cone Joseph’s Coat
MAJOR MINOR
Essential elements used in relatively large Essential elements used in
amounts relatively small amounts
Mostly from From Soil
Air and water
Carbon (C) Calcium - (Ca) Copper - (Cu)
Hydrogen Magnesium - (Mg) Manganesc - (Mn)
(H)
Oxygen (O) Sulphur - (S) Zinc - (Zn)
Nitrogen - (N) Molybednum - (Mo)
Phosphorus - (P) Cobalt - (Co)
Potassium - (K) Boron - (Bo)
Iron - (Fe)
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