THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF individual becomes.

Otherwise, the
opposite.
WILLIAM JAMES’ CONCEPT OF THE SELF: THE
 Normal: when the idealized self is closer
“I” SELF AND THE “ME” SELF
to the real self
 I-Self refers to the self that knows who  Neurotic: when the idealized self is
he or she is and what he or she has farther from the real self
done I his or her life  VIDEO NOTES
 Me-self is the empirical self; refers to o Carl Rogers- one of the
the describing the person’s personal founding fathers of
experiences Psychotherapy in Research
o Material self: consists of things o Self develops from the
that belongs to a person interactions with the significant
o Social self: whom and how a people and self-awareness
person acts on social situations o Self-image is how you see
o Spiritual self: the most intimate yourself
and important part of the self; o Ideal self is how we wish to be
James believed that the path to
MULTIPLE VERSUS UNIFIED SELF
understanding the spiritual self
is through self-introspection  Self-understanding includes
 VIDEO NOTES conceptualizing the self as multiple or
o William James is the Father of unified and true or false
American Psychology o Multiple selves vary across
o I-self concerns with the different roles and relationships
existence of the self; you know o Coping with different aspects of
who you are; it is everything in the self constitutes a difficult
your mind task, thus contributes heavily to
o Me-self is the experience of the the young person’s struggle
self; empirical or true self  VIDEO NOTES
o David Lester
CARL ROGERS’ SELF THEORY: REAL AND IDEAL
o Multiple self is your different
SELF
identity, as a daughter,
 Another aspect of self-understanding is engineer, and so
self-concept. o Because of multiple selves,
 Self-concept: the image of oneself struggling occurs to conclude
 Two components of self-concept: unified self
o Real self- all the ideas, including  TRUE SELF VERSUS FALSE SELF
awareness of ‘what I am’ and o Winnicott suggests that the self
‘what I can do’ is composed of the true self and
o Ideal self- the person’s the false self
conception of what one should o False self’s function is to hide
be or wanted to be, including and protect the true self
one’s goals and ambitions in life o The self tends to change
 The closer the ideal self is to the real depending on situations
self, the more fulfilled and happier the  VIDEO NOTES
 o Donald Winnicott o Animus/Anima- feminine or
o We pretend to be someone else male side; represents the true
to belong--false self self
o True self is usually hidden, only o Self- represents wholeness
shown to people who we are
close with  VIDEO NOTES
o Carl Jung
THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
o Archetype is the universal,
 Albert Bandura: suggests that humans inborn models of people
have the ability to act and make things
SIGMUND FREUD’S CONSTRUCTION OF SELF
happen
AND PERSONALITY
o His theory of self: people are
viewed as proactive agents of  There are three structures of
experiences personality: id, ego, and superego
o Efficacy beliefs are the  Psychosexual stages of development:
foundation of human agency the development of id, ego, and
o Self-efficacy: the individual’s superego in a series of stages
belief that he or she is capable o Oral- birth to 1 year, mouth
to perform a task (ego)
 VIDEO NOTES o Anal- 1-3 yrs old, bowel and
o Albert Bandura- Canadian bladder control
American Psychologist o Phallic- 3-6 yrs; genitals
o We have freewill and we can (superego)
make things happen o Latency- 6 to puberty; Libido
o People are originators of inactive
experience o Genital- puberty until death;
sexual interests
THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE
 VIDEO NOTES
 Jung: the psyche (human mind, soul, o Sigmund Freud- most part of
and spirit) continues to develop the mind is unconscious
throughout life but started to show o Id- childlike, pleasure seeking, I
definite form during adolescence want it and I want it now
 Jung conceives the structure of o Ego- works on the reality
personality as a complex network of principle, this is when you can
interacting systems that strive toward do a bit of planning to get it
harmony o Superego- moral principle; tells
 The archetype represents the hidden you what is right and wrong
potentialities of the psyche.
ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY IN UNDERSTANDING
 Four major archetypes:
THE SELF
o Persona- public personality;
one’s social roles  Important aspect of self-understanding
o Shadow- one’s dark side; part involves views of identity development
of ourselves that we dislike of the self
  Adolescence stage is a period of identity
development
 Identity formation: a process that
requires adolescents to distance
themselves from the strong
expectations imposed by parents and
other family members
 He proposed that individuals go
through eight psychological stages of
development

AGE VIRTUE CRISIS

0 to 18 mo Hope Trust vs.
Mistrust
18mo-3yrs Will Autonomy
vs. Shame
and Doubt
3-6yrs Purpose Initiative vs.
Guilt
6-12 yrs Competence Industry vs.
Inferiority
12-18 yrs Fidelity Identity vs.
Role
confusion
19-40 yrs Love Intimacy vs.
Isolation
40-65 yrs Care Generativity
vs.
Stagnation
65 yrs + Wisdom Ego Integrity
vs. Despair