Intro To Literature (1st Lesson)

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Literature:
What is it?
 Literature is derived from the Latin term
“LITTERATURA” which means WRITING and
“LITTERATUS” which means LEARNING.
 It is an art of expressing beauty through language.
 It takes significant human experiences as its main

subject.
 Covers both oral and written forms of works which

manifest expressive or imaginative quality, nobility
of thoughts, timelessness, and lastly, universality.
From the term “Weltliteratur” coined by the German
author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
It refers to the total of the world’s literature and the

circulation of works into the wider world beyond their
country of origin.
• Fiction - refers to literature created from the
imagination.
e.g. Mysteries, science fiction, romance,
fantasy, chick lit, crime thrillers are all fiction
genres.
• Non – Fiction - refers to literature based on

fact.
e.g. Essay, biography, history, journalism
Prose
 Prose is not about rhyming or using ornamental
words.
 It is simple but expressive.
 It expresses the feelings in a way which is easy to
read and understand.
 There are no verses or stanzas, sentences take their
place in prose.
 It is straightforward.
Poetry
•Either written down or spoken orally, it is
characterized by an imaginative and attractive
expression of one’s thoughts.
•There are rules which are followed while writing

poetry such as rhyme schemes, meters, number of
verses etc.
THE PARCHMENT’S CRY
J. Requita
Writer, writer, where art thou?

I’ve been waiting so much now.
Too much longing for your hand
Take the biro let us bond.
Light from torches hear my call

Pour thy radiance, show me bright
Back off darkness, go and set
Writer halt now come and sit.
Write me something, stroke on me

Feed me words and thoughts you thought.
Free thy mind of all despair
Come now writer let’s be fair.
Writer, writer, hear my cry.

Keep thy works for them to live
Mind the old scent to a fond
Take that biro let us bond.
Drama
 Drama is Greek word which means “action”.
 It refers to a play performed on the stage,
television, or radio.
 It is composed in verses or prose to tell a story
involving emotions or to portray a character.
 The characters may use poetry or prose in their
dialogue.
PROLOGUE
Two households, both alike in dignity,
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.
JULIET: O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?

Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I'll no longer be a Capulet.
ROMEO: [Aside] Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?
JULIET: 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;

Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
The Short Story
Parable – is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, which
illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles.
Fables - a prose or verse, that features animals, mythical

creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature that
illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson.
Tale - a fictitious or true narrative or story, especially one that is

imaginatively recounted.
Tale may refer to:
Cautionary tale, a traditional story told in folklore, to warn its

hearer of a danger
Fairy tale, a fictional story that usually features folkloric characters
(such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, witches, giants, and talking
animals) and enchantments
Folk tale, a story passed-down within a particular population, which

comprises the traditions of that culture or group
Old wives' tale, a wisdom much like an urban legend, supposedly

passed down by old wives to a younger generation
Tall tale, a story that tries to explain the reason for some natural
phenomenon
Urban legend, a modern folk tale consisting of stories often thought

to be factual by those circulating them.
Myths - a traditional story, especially one concerning the
early history of a people or explaining some natural or social
phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or
events.
Legend - are usually very old stories with little or no evidence

to prove them. Legends are often passed on by word-of-
mouth. They are very similar to myths.
Examples of legends are the Fountain of Youth, and the Loch

Ness Monster.
NOTE:
A more comprehensive discussion about Prose, Poetry,

and Drama will follow after the Literary Authors through
Time and their Works.
Qualities of
a Literary Masterpiece
The highest degrees of recognition a literary

work can receive is for it to be considered a
literary masterpiece. It should possess the
following qualities:
Artistry
These appeals to our sense of beauty. A person

is said to be artistic if he knows how to
appreciate something beautiful.
Intellectual Value
A literary work stimulates thoughts. It

makes our mental life rich by making us realized
the different fundamental truths about life and
human nature.
Suggestiveness
Associated with emotional aspect of literature. It

moves us deeply and stirs our imagination to
work above and beyond the level of ordinary life
and experience.
Spiritual Value
Literature puts our spirits high by bringing

out the understanding of moral values. It
inspires us to put these values into practice, thus
bringing us closer to our Maker.
Permanence
A great work of literature can endure the

test of time.
Universality
A great work of literature appeals to all,

anytime, everywhere because it deals with the
basic feelings of people, fundamental truths and
universal conditions.
Style
A unique way in which the writer views

life, forms his/her ideas and express them.
Great works are marketed by their lasting
substances and by their distinctive styles.
Literary Authors through
Time and their Works
William
Shakespeare
“Bard of Avon”
Comedies: All's Well That Ends Well, As You Like It, The Comedy of Errors,
Love's Labour's Lost, Measure for Measure, The Merchant of Venice, The
Merry Wives of Windsor, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Much Ado About
Nothing, The Tempest, Twelfth Night, or What You Will, The Two
Gentlemen of Verona, The Two Noble Kinsmen, The Winter's Tale
Histories: King John, Richard II, Henry IV, part 1, Henry IV, part 2, Henry V,
Henry VI, part1, Henry VI, part 2, Henry VI, part 3, Richard III,Henry VIII
Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Coriolanus, Titus Andronicus, Timon of

Athens, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Hamlet, Troilus and Cressida, King Lear,
Othello, Antony and Cleopatra.
Poems: Shakespeare's Sonnets, Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece,

The Passionate Pilgrim, The Phoenix and the Turtle, A Lover's Complaint.
Geoffrey
Chaucer
“Morning Star of
English Literature”
The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde and Book of the
Duchess.
The House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowles, The Legend of

Good Women.
Prose Treatises - Treatise on the astrolabe.
Short Poems - The Complaint of Chaucer to His Purse ,Truth,

Gentilesse, Merciles Beaute, Lak of Stedfastnesse, Against
Women Unconstant.
Jonathan
Swift
Anglo-Irish satirist,
essayist, political
pamphleteer, poet
and cleric
Percy
Bysshe
Shelley
Ode to the West Wind
The Masque of Anarchy
Queen Mab
Alastor
Mary
Shelley
Frankenstein
Edgar Allan Poe
Father of Horror and

Detective Stories
The Raven
The Cask of Amontillado
The Fall of the House of
Usher
Tell-tale Heart
Mark Twain
(Samuel Clemens)
The Adventures
of Tom Sawyer
Huckleberry Finn
21st Century Writers and
Their Works
J.R.R. Tolkien
Father of Epic Fantasy
•The Hobbit
•The Lord of the Rings

•Fellowship of the Ring
•The Two towers
•Return of the King
•The Silmarillion
•The Children of Hurin
•*and a lot more

Namarie Farewell
Ai! laurië lantar lassi súrinen, Ah! like gold fall the leaves in the wind,
yéni unótimë ve rámar aldaron! long years numberless as the wings of trees!
Yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier The years have passed like swift draughts
mi oromardi lisse-miruvóreva of the sweet mead in lofty halls beyond the West,
Andúnë pella, Vardo tellumar beneath the blue vaults of Varda
nu luini yassen tintilar i eleni wherein the stars tremble in the song of her voice,
ómaryo airetári-lírinen. holy and queenly.
Sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? Who now shall refill the cup for me?
An sí Tintallë Varda Oiolossëo
ve fanyar máryat Elentári ortanë, For now the Kindler, Varda, the Queen of the Stars,
ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë; from Mount Everwhite has uplifted her hands like
ar sindanóriello caita mornië clouds,
i falmalinnar imbë met, ar hísië and all paths are drowned deep in shadow;
untúpa Calaciryo míri oialë. and out of a grey country darkness lies on the
foaming waves between us,
Sí vanwa ná, Rómello vanwa, Valimar!
and mist covers the jewels of Calacirya for ever.
Now lost, lost to those from the East is Valimar!
Namárië! Nai hiruvalyë Valimar.
Nai elyë hiruva. Namárië!
Farewell! Maybe thou shalt find Valimar.
Maybe even thou shalt find it. Farewell!
J.K.
Rowling
•Harry Potter Series
• The Sorcerer’s Stone
• The Chamber of Secrets
• The Prisoner of Azkaban
• The Goblet of Fire
• The Order of the Phoenix
• The Half-Blood Prince
•The Deathly Hallows
• Tales of Beedle the Bard

•Quidditch Through the Ages
•Fantastic Beast and Where to Find Them
•Cuckoo’s Calling
•Casual Vacancy
•The Cursed Child
Rick
Riordan
• Percy Jackson and the Olympians
• The Lightning Thief
• The Sea of Monsters
• The Curse of the Titan
• The Battle of the Labyrinth
• The Last Olympian
• The Heroes of Olympus
• The Lost Hero
• The Son of Neptune
• The Mark of Athena
• The House of Hades
• The Blood of Olympus
• The Kane Chronicles
• Magnus Chase
• The Trials of Apollo
Stephenie
Meyer
•Twilight Series
•Twilight
•New Moon
•Eclipse
•Breaking Dawn
•The Host
George R.R.
Martin
A Song of Ice and Fire
• A Game of Thrones
• A Clash of Kings
• A Storm of Swords
• A Feast for Crows
• A Dance with
Dragons
Veronica Roth
- Divergent series
Christopher
Paolini
Eragon
Eldest
Brisingr
Inheritance
Dan Brown
The Lost Symbol

The Da Vinci code
Angels and Demons
Inferno
Deception Point
Digital Fortress
John Green
The Fault In Our Stars

An Abundance of Katherines
Looking for Alaska
Paper Towns
Let it Snow
Will Grayson, Will Grayson
Terdellaline
Suzanne Collins
Hunger Games Series

James Dashner
The Maze Runner

Series
Wole Soyinka
Fist African Nobel Prize

for Literature Laureate
• A Dance of the Forests
• The Trials of Brother

Jero
• The Lion and the

Jewel
• The Interpreters
• King Baabu

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.

 It is an art of expressing beauty through language.

 It takes significant human experiences as its main

 Covers both oral and written forms of works which

It refers to the total of the world’s literature and the

• Non – Fiction - refers to literature based on

•There are rules which are followed while writing

Writer, writer, where art thou?

Light from torches hear my call

Write me something, stroke on me

Writer, writer, hear my cry.

JULIET: O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?

ROMEO: [Aside] Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?

JULIET: 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;

Fables - a prose or verse, that features animals, mythical

Tale - a fictitious or true narrative or story, especially one that is

Tale may refer to:

Cautionary tale, a traditional story told in folklore, to warn its

Folk tale, a story passed-down within a particular population, which

Old wives' tale, a wisdom much like an urban legend, supposedly

Urban legend, a modern folk tale consisting of stories often thought

Legend - are usually very old stories with little or no evidence

Examples of legends are the Fountain of Youth, and the Loch

A more comprehensive discussion about Prose, Poetry,

The highest degrees of recognition a literary

These appeals to our sense of beauty. A person

A literary work stimulates thoughts. It

Associated with emotional aspect of literature. It

Literature puts our spirits high by bringing

A great work of literature can endure the

A great work of literature appeals to all,

A unique way in which the writer views

Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Coriolanus, Titus Andronicus, Timon of

Poems: Shakespeare's Sonnets, Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece,

The House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowles, The Legend of

Prose Treatises - Treatise on the astrolabe.

Short Poems - The Complaint of Chaucer to His Purse ,Truth,

The Masque of Anarchy

Father of Horror and

•The Lord of the Rings

•The Children of Hurin

•*and a lot more

• Tales of Beedle the Bard

A Song of Ice and Fire

The Lost Symbol

The Fault In Our Stars

Hunger Games Series

The Maze Runner

Fist African Nobel Prize

• A Dance of the Forests

• The Trials of Brother

• The Lion and the

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