Poptronics 1975 08

ELECTRONIC CROSSOVER NETWORKS FOR HI-FI
Popular Electronics
W'ORLD'S LARGEST- SELLXNG ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE AUGUST 1975/75c
BUILD A GIANT -SIZE DIGITAL TIMER- SCOREBOARD

FOR ATHLETIC
EVENTS
Will Audio
Go Digital?
Listen to Your
Heart with
Do und
Imitating Musical
Instruments with
ynthesized Sound
LAB TEST REPORTS

Sherwood S -7310 * BASE STATION
Stereo Receiver EQUIPMENT DIRECTORY
Stanton 6004 -II
Turntable /Cartridge * USER'S BUYING GUIDE
McKay Dymek DA -3
Active AM Antenna
* CB COMMUNICATION RANGE
Dynascan Cobra 29
CBTransceiver
Exact 190 &195
Function Generators
*7- ..a.:-2.1t~
You GET
WHAT You
PAY FOR.
Hy -Gain grew up in the quality that's made our .Hy-Gain distributor for
west, where the going can antennas the performance details or write for our
be mighty tough. And we leader of the industry. free CB catalog.
found out early its
For years, we've been You wouldn't buy
important to give a man
making CB radios and anything less than the
the best for his money.
antenna systems for every best for your vehicle, don't
So it is with our new installation, from the settle for a second -rate
Hy -Range CB radios. They simplest to the most radio. Buy Hy -Gain.
have the same Hy -Gain elaborate. Check with your
1y -Gain Electronics Corporation: 8601 Northeast

highway Six; Lincoln, NE 68505: 402/464 -9151: Telex 48 -6424
Branch Office and Warehouse; 6100 Sepulveda Blvd..
#322; Van Nuys, CA 91401:213/785 -4532; Telex 65 -1359
Distributed in Canada by Lectron Radio Sales. Ltd., 211 Hunter
greet West; Peterborough. Ontario
yYlt.
.--.
CIRCLE NO 26 ON READER SERVICE CARD
World's Most Inexpe ASIC Language System
Limit, one per customer.

OFFER expires September Vi, 1975
Altair 8800 Computer Kit
Your choice of Interface Boards (kit)

Two 4,096 word Memory Boards (kit)
Altair 8K BASIC Language
Altair 8K BASIC Language. This language was chosen for the electrical 'signals from the computer to audio tones. It can be
Altair Computer because of its versatility and power and because used to store unlimited amounts of information coming out of
it is easy to use (comes with complete documentation). Altair the computer and it can be used to put information back into
8K BASIC has many features not normally found in BASIC lan- the computer.
guage including an OUT statement and corresponding INPut
function that allows the user to control low speed devices PRICES:
(machine control without assembly language). Leaves 1750 words Altair Computer kit with complete assembly instructions S439
in 8K machine for programming and storage. Assembled and tested Altair Computer $621
1,024 Word Memory Board 5176 kit and $209 assembled
4,096 Word Memory Board 5264 kit and 5338 assembled
Full Parallel Interface Board S92 kit and $114 assembled
Serial Interface Board (RS232) 5119 kit and 5138 assembled
NOTE: Altair BASIC comes in -
Serial Interface Board (TTL or TTY teletype) 5124 kit and 5146 assembled
Audio Cassette Interface Board 5128 kit and 5174 assembled
either paper tape or cassette 4K BASIC language (when purchased with Altair,
4,096 words of memory and Interface Board) 560
tape. Specify when ordering. 8K BASIC language (when purchased with Altair, two
4,096 word memory boards and Interface Board) 575
COMTER II 5780 kit
Teletype ASR -33 $1500 (assembled only)
Input Output Devices. The Comter II Computer Terminal has

a full alpha-numeric keyboard and a highly -readable 32-character
Interface Board Options. The Parallel Interface Board is used display. It has its own internal memory of 256 characters and
to connect the Altair 8800 to external devices that send and complete cursor control. Also has its own built-in audio cassette
receive parallel signals. Many line printers require a Parallel interface that allows you to connect the COMTER Il to any tape
Interface Board. The RS232 Serial Board is used to connect the recorder for both storing data from the computer and feeding it
Altair 8800 to external devices that send and receive RS232 serial into the computer. Requires an RS232 Interface board.
signals. Most computer terminals require an RS232 Serial Interface
Board. The TTY Serial Interface Board is used to connect the The Standard ASR -33 Teletype prints 10 characters per second.
Altair 8800 to an ASR -33 or KSR -33 teletype (20 milliamp current It has a built -in paper tape reader and punch. Has standard 120
loop); The TTL Serial Interface Board is for custom interfacing. day Teletype warranty. Requires a Serial TTY Interface board.
The Audio Cassette Interface Board is used to connect the Altair NOTE: The Altair 8800 can he connected to any number of
8800 to any cassette tape recorder. It works by changing the input /output devices other than the ones listed above.
MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY

Enclosed is check for S
L *
BankAmericard u
Serial RS232 Serial TTY

or Master Charge u
5995 BASIC System Special with following Interface Board:
Serial TTL Audio Cassette
Parallel
Altair 8800 Kit Assembled Options (list on separate sheet)

Include 58 for postage and handling
Please send free Altair System Catalog
NAME
ADDRESS
"Creative Electronics" CITY STATE & ZIP
Credit Card Expiration date
MITS/6328 Linn. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 505/265-7553
6328 Linn, N.E., Albuquerque, NM 87108 505/265 -7553 Warrant-: 90 days on parts tor kits and 90 days on parts and labor tor assembled units.
Prices, specifications and delivery subject to change.
CIRCLE NO. 34 ON READER SERVICE CARO
AUGUST 1975
www.americanradiohistory.com
New Mallory Ni-Cad Batteries.
Economical recharging -
Mallory BC -1 Charger draws only two watts.
Team these long -life nickel- cadmium cells and you'll never run out of battery power
with an automatic Mallory Charger, and you again. They recharge to full strength, two or
can recharge them 1000 times, or more. four at a time. And unlike ordinary dry cells
You II be sure of having fresh D, C, and AA that lose voltage during discharge, Mallory
batteries, while saving money, time and Ni -Cads with a full charge maintain operating
trouble. Mallory Rechargeable Nickel - voltage during the entire work cycle. You get
Cadmium Batteries keep on coming back for maximum power, continuously, for top product
more In electronic calculators, tape recorders, performance.
radios, cameras, toys, other battery -powered For the long run, Mallory Rechargeable
products. Ni -Cads ... the 1000 -time batteries. Get them
Keep a spare set of Mallory Ni -Cads on hand, now at your Mallory Distributor.
MALLORY DISTRIBUTOR PRODUCTS COMPANY

MALLORY a division of P. R. MALLORY äi CO. INC.
Box 1284, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206; Telephone: 317-866-3731
Batteries Capacitors Controls Security Products DURATAPE" Resistors Semiconductors SONALERT" Switches Fastening Devices
DURATAPE" and SONALERT" are registered trademarks of P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc.
2 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
AUGUST 1975 VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2
Popular Electronics WORLD'S LARGEST SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
FEATURE ARTICLES
ELECTRONIC CROSSOVER NETWORKS FOR HI -FI Leonard Feldman 33
What they are, how they work, and how you can design your own.
IMITATING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SYNTHESIZED SOUND Don Lancaster 37
How the sounds of traditional instruments can be produced electronically.
SPECIAL REPORT ON CB TRANSCEIVERS
USER'S BUYING GUIDE TO CB BASE STATIONS John J. McVeigh 45
What to look for in terms of performance.
BASE STATION EQUIPMENT DIRECTORY 48
Specifications, features, and prices.
CB COMMUNICATION RANGE Leo Sands 53
The factors that affect the "talk power" of your CB station.
CONSTRUCTION ARTICLES
A DIGITAL TIMER-SCOREBOARD FOR ATHLETIC EVENTS Philip Harms 27
Giant -sized readout for schools and amateur sports.
LISTEN TO YOUR HEART WITH DOPPLER ULTRASOUND Joseph Jaffe 60
Stethoscope lets you hear snapping of heart valves and blood -flow sounds.
A SIMPLE ON -BOARD TESTER John T. Frye 70
Checks many components with the aid of a scope.
COLUMNS
STEREO SCENE Ralph Hodges 16
Will Audio Go Digital?
SOLID STATE Lou Garner 78
Audio Amplifiers for Hobbyists.
HOBBY SCENE Editorial Staff 85
PRODUCT TEST REPORTS

SHERWOOD MODEL S -7310 AM /STEREO FM RECEIVER 64
STANTON MODEL 8004-II RECORD PLAYING SYSTEM 66
McKAY DYMEK MODEL DA -3 ACTIVE AM ANTENNA 67
DYNASCAN COBRA MODEL 29 MOBILE AM CB TRANSCEIVER 68
EXACT MODEL 190 FUNCTION
AND MODEL 195 SWEEP/FUNCTION GENERATORS 68
DEPARTMENTS
EDITORIAL Art Salsberg 4
No Frowns in Distributor Land.
LETTERS 6
NEW PRODUCTS 12
NEW LITERATURE 14
ELECTRONICS LIBRARY 86
ADVERTISERS' INDEX 100
POPULAR ELECTRONICS. August 1975. Volume 8. Number 2. Pub- Ziff -Davis also publishes Boating. Car and Driver. Cycle, Flying. Modern
lished monthly at One Park Avenue. New York, NY 10016 One year sub- Bride. Popular Photography. Skiing and Stereo Review
scription rate for U.S.. $6.98; U.S. Possessions and Canada. 57.98. all Editorial correspondence: POPULAR ELECTRONICS, Park Ave.. New
1
other countries. $8.98. Second Class postage paid at New York. NY and at York. NY 10016. Editorial contributions must be accompanied by return
additional mailing offices. Authorized as second class mail by the Post postage and will be handled with reasonable care: however. publisher
Office Department. Ottawa. Canada and for payment of postage in cash. assumes no responsibility for return or safety of manuscripts, art work. or
Subscription service and Forms 3579. P.O. Box 2774. Boulder, CO 80302. models
POPULAR ELECTRONICS including ELECTRONICS WORLD. Trade Forms 3579 and all subscription correspondence: POPULAR ELEC-
Mark Registered Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. TRONICS. Circulation Dept.. P.O. Box 2774. Boulder. CO 80302. Please
COPYRIGHT '1975 BY ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. ALL allow at least eight weeks for change of address. Include your old address.
IUF11J HtJtHVtU. enclosing. if possible. an address label from a recent issue.
AUGUST 1975 3
Popular Ellantrimino®
EDGAR W. HOPPER
Publisher
Editorial
ARTHUR P. SALSBERG
Editorial Director
LESLIE SOLOMON
Trchmral FArtor
JOHN R. RIGGS
%fa witting, Editor
ALEXANDER W. BURAWA NO FROWNS IN DISTRIBUTOR LAND

Aoctate Editor
Electronic parts and equipment wholesalers registered sales of nearly $5
EDWARD I. BUXBAUM billion in 1974 -a record. And expectations are that the figure will be
Irt lhrectnr
higher for 1975. So it's not surprising that we saw no frowns among
JOHN McVEIGH
I.,atan t Editor exhibitors and attendees at the annual NEWCOM Show (the old distributor
parts show) held recently.
ANDRE DUZANT
Techni a,l Ilh,,tratnr The product star of the show was clearly CB radio gear -mobile and
base stations, antennas and accessories. There was general agreement
HERBERT S. BRIER among CB suppliers that the best thing to happen to CB was its use by
LEN BUCKWALTER
LOU GARNER truckers during a strike about two years ago. Since then, with CB
GLENN HAUSER
JULIAN D. HIRSCH impressed on the public's consciousness, the no -test two -way radio system
RALPH HODGES for just about anyone has exhibited a sales explosion. Manufacturers
ART MARGOLIS
WILFRED M. SCHERER aren't sitting on their hands, though. Many exciting engineering
Contributing, Editor, innovations have been introduced to attract new buyers and to induce
present CB'ers to upgrade their equipment. As an example, E.F. Johnson
JOSEPH E. HALLORAN
-Idrern Dg, Direr -tor had a mobile unit at the show that employs LED readouts in place of the
JOHN J. CORTON
traditional analog S meter; Royce showed a mobile with channel readout
1d1 rrn.,;ng, sale, incorporated into the microphone; Beltek features a unit especially
LINDA BLUM designed for motorcycles and snowmobiles; Tram's base station had a
Idi ernng, tier, ice If rnag,er two -speed vernier tuning arrangement; etc.
PEGI McENEANEY A wide array of mobile and base station antennas was displayed, too. An
P:un,nl,.1,,,,tant abundance of CB accessories, from mounting kits to CB antenna
STANLEY NEUFELD co- phasers, was shown; GC Electronics introduced a conical bit for drilling
Aoeintr Pabh,lo r infinitely variable diameters when mounting antennas on automobiles.
FURMAN H. HEBB VHF -FM scanners for Public Safety Broadcasts were very much in
Croup I P, Flertro,rrc, Photo
L-
evidence, as well. SBE's new 10- channel digital scanner employs 21/4 x
ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 43/4" optical programming cards to give users fast, easy selection of about
Popular Electronics
Editorial and Executive Offices 16,000 frequencies.
One Park Avenue New York, New York 10016 CB did not fully dominate the show, however. There were plenty of other
212- 725 -3500
Hershel B Sarbin. President products exhibited: test instruments, TV and FM antennas and rotators,
Furman Hebb. Executive Vice President commercial sound systems, intercoms, garage door openers, electronic
Vincent Perry, Financial Vice President and Treasurer
Phillip T Heffernan. Senior Vice President, Marketing components, cabinets, cordless soldering irons, and so on.
Edward D. Muhlfeld. Senior Vice President .SportsDivision
Philip Sine, Senior Vice President Of special interest to us were products that we had never heard about.
Frank Pomerantz. Vice President, Creative Services For example, Electrosonics exhibited its "Sound See -er ", a
Arthur W Butzow. Vice President, Production
Lawrence Sporn, Vice President. Circulation battery -powered device that quickly indicates, through a red, yellow or
George Morrissey, Vice President green lamp indicator, whether a person using a public address system is
Sydney H. Rogers, Vice President
Sidney Holtz. Vice President producing a satisfactory sound level in the audience; RCA introduced an
Charles B Seton, Secretary adapter for converting single-trace scopes to dual- trace; Para Dynamics
Edgar W Hopper. Vice President. Electronics Div
William Ziff, Chairman
featured a signal- searching TV color signal antenna rotor system; Datak
W. Bradford Briggs, Vice Chairman showed a new photo -etch pc kit; Intra -Fab displayed a line of
Midwestern Office
color- coordinated aluminum cabinets; Fanon boosted its wireless
The Patras Group. 4761 West Touhy Ave.. "babysitter" intercom; Sencore demonstrated a yoke and flyback tester;
Lincolnwood, Illinois 60644. 312 679 -1100
GERALD E WOLFE. THOMAS HOCKNEY
and making its U.S. debut was Italy's Amtron electronic kits.
Western Office Naturally there were many products we knew of but never handled:
9025 Wilshire Boulevard. Beverly Hills. CA 90211
213 273 -8050, BRadshaw 2 -1161
B&K's low -cost frequency counter, Panavise's bench tools, Eico's
Western Advertising Manager. BUD DEAN telephone electronic accessories, etc. So, in all, the show was a most
Japan James Yagi worthwhile expenditure of time, considering the "hands on" opportunities
Op Palace Aoyama 6 -25. Minami Aoyama
6 Chome. Minato -Ku. Tokyo 407 -1930/6821. presented under one roof. Further, it was made patently clear that the
582 -2851 electronics distributer business is healthier than ever before.
z
\nUUó \y
sNt
mot`
C' Member Audit Bureau
of Circulations
The publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary

rights which will be violated by the making or using of any
items disclosed in this issue
.4",7
4 YUYULAII tLtl: I NUNIGJ
Cobra 85:
Performance
plus Simplicity
If your want the most performance with are good if the meter reads normally.)
the easiest operation, you want Cobra 85. Cobra 85 operates from either 117VAC
Select any of 23 channels; adjust or 12VDC with detachable power cords,
squelch and volume -the rest is automatic. so you can use it as a mobile too.
Like talk -range extending Dynaboost You get big sound from the up front,
modulation circuitry that automatically carefully baffled speaker. You'll
gives you the most modulation the law hear clearly in your living room or car.
allows and built -in automatic noise Like every Cobra radio, Cobra 85 is
limiting that extends your listening backed by warranty service stations
range. The large illuminated meter in all 50 states. See the advanced
tells you the strength of incoming Cobra 85 styling at your dealer.
signals and your relative power output. You'll like its small size and price
(You know that your radio and antenna as weil as its superior performance.
PRODUCT OF DYNASCAN CORPORATION

cbr85 1801 W. Belle Plaine Chicago, III. 60613

ALGUST 1975 5
points Mr. Hodges did not mention. The
Aee,i,/
Lr'/
first is head rotation, which is very impor-
tant on modern tape decks that do not have
PROBE
CAT.NO.
N pressure pads. Rotation must be set so that
the wear pattern is equal on both sides of
the head gap and, more important, for max-
imum output at 15,000 Hz. am certain that
I
Letters
5104 in most decks, any change in one align-
ment parameter will affect the other align-
ment parameters to some degree.
The second point, in azimuth alignment,
is the importance on a multi -channel deck
to check the phase relationships of the
MANUFACTURER CHANGES TYPE NUMBER tracks to each other. It is possible to read
maximum level at high frequencies and still
In Mac's Service Shop "Lightning Dam- be 180' out of phase.
CHECK FOUR FUNCTIONS In short, when it comes to a critical
age Insurance Jobs" (January 1975), re-
WITH CNE INSTRUMENT! ference was made to the General Electric alignment procedure, the job is best left to
Continuity Polarity No. 9L15CCB007 home lighting protector. a professional who has the knowledge and
Voltage Digital Logic The number for this item has been equipment to do the job correctly.
changed to 9L15DCB002. This device is a HOWARD M. LIEBERMAN
-
LIGHTWEIGHT POCKET SIZE 2- pole/3- conductor unit for 120 /240 -volt Audio Concepts
PROTECTIVE, VINYL C:IRRYIN grounded metal service. Spring Valley, N.Y.
POUCH. SEE YOUR FAVORITE RICHARD W. BEHNKE The column was not intended to be a
ELECTRONICS DISTRIBUTOR. Texas formal discourse on head alignment. It was
merely a loose discussion of a few cheap -
MANY USES FOR PE
and -dirty diagnostic tricks that might help
POPULAR ELECTRONICS is a most exciting one to keep tabs on a deck's variations in
and easy -to -read magazine. particularly
I performance. I share any reservations Mr.
appreciate the construction projects for Lieberman has about these procedures
LLW1JCTI CB'ers and SWL's. One needs only a min-

imum of tools and no specialized knowl-
edge of electronics to build the projects.
being good studio practice. I also agree on
the subject of head rotation. However, the
head gaps of many consumer decks can-
(My chief hobby interests are CB radio, not be seen with the unaided eye. As for
apyaN y
CIRCU"
which use in Scouting, boating, and

I adjusting rotation for maximum output at
shortwave listening.) 15,000 Hz, I must confess that I have never
It is also very gratifying to see that PE is tried it, but I agree that it can be worth-
now using the metric system of measures while, particularly if thicker tapes are cus-
as well as the so- called British system. tomarily used on the tape deck.
Keep up the good work. I realize that track phasing is important
JAN STIGELL in certain professional applications (as

The All -New, CAT. NO.
Stockholm, Sweden when stereo material is mixed for mono
Quick And Easy J4 -828
broadcasting), but I do not understand why
Way To Reproduce LENS F NUMBERS phasing should be of any practical conse-
Printed Circuits. "Experimenting With Light -Beam Com- quence in cönsumer recorders where mix-
Get Ycur Kit From munications" (April 1975) appears to con- ing is very rarely used. -Author
Your Favorite tain an error. Author Forrest Mims states
CALECTRO Electronics that the term f /number is used to define the
Distributor Today ratio of diameter to focal length and is ex-
Out of Tune
!
pressed as f /no, which is equal to d /fl,
where d is the lens diameter and fl is the
focal length. This part of the text should
GC ELECTRONICS
DVISION OF HYDROMETALS, INC. P> read, "The term f- number (this is the
ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 U.S.A. proper designation-not f /no) is used to In "Digital Marine /Auto Tachometer"
define the ratio of focal length to lens (June 1975), the connection where the line
diameter and is expressed as f -no equal to coming from pin 5 crosses the line between
fl /d. pins and 8 of IC2 in the schematic should
1
DANIEL J. NETTO be removed. Also, the IC's are sensitive to

Coming Up In The September the r -f noise from the car's ignition system.
Los Angeles, Calif.
To cope with this problem, it may be neces-
Popular Electronics' You are correct. The f -no of a lens is
equal to the focal length divided by the
sary to install r-f suppression -type spark
plug cable in older cars and extensive
diameter of the lens. The formula d /fl is the capacitive bypass techniques in the circuit.
Hobbyist Computer Interchange
divergence of the projected beam, or re- Route the coaxial feed cable close to the
Tape System ceiver field of view, in radians. -Author metalwork on the bottom of the car and
locate its grounding point experimentally.
$50 CD -4 Demodulator Kit In most cases it will be on the car's body or
NOTES ON HEAD ALIGNMENT
Add Functions to Calculators frame, rather than on the engine.
would like to comment on the proce-
I In "How to Design Your Own Power
Direct - Reading Logic Probe dures outlined by Ralph Hodges for tape Supplies" (June 1975), Fig. 10, page 39,
head alignment in his February 1975 the polarity of the zener diode should be
"Stereo Scene." There are two important reversed.
Royce
3on{ruc{íon -Range- PerThrmanee
New! Royce offers you a full line of professional antennas!
MODEL 2 -202. *MODEL 2 -205. *MODEL 2 -208. *MODEL 2 -222. *MODEL 2 -224.
MOBILE ANTENNA. MOBILE ANTENNA. MOBILE ANTENNA. MOBILE ANTENNA. MOBILE ANTENNA.
102" stainless steel 46" high. Trunk lip /hole Gutter clip type. Cen- High efficiency fiber- 48" high. Twin truck.
whip. Stainless steel mount. Spring, tapered ter loaded. Stainless glass. Trunk lip mount. Fiberglass shafts. Two
spring. 180° swivel stainless whip, chrome steel spring, bar and 50" high. Chrome West Coast mirror
mount. All hardware plated brass cup. In- whip, with 10 -foot low plated brass cup as- mounts, and a low loss
included. cludes hardware and loss coax assembly. sembly and 17 -foot low coax phasing harness.
17 -foot low loss coax loss coax cable as-
assembly: sembly.
Antennas in the Royce tradition of quality. Specially *MODEL 2 -223. MOBILE ANTENNA. Same as Model
designed to deliver maximum performance from your 2-224, except sirgle mirror mount antenna with low
Royce (or any brand) transceiver. loss coax assembly.
MODEL 2 -200. MCBILE ANTENNA. Stainless steel 102" MODEL 2 -230. MARINE VHF ANTENNA. 6db gain. 8%.
whip. Spring and bumper strap. foot. Includescycclac tilt mount and coax cable.
*MODEL 2 -203. MOBILE ANTENNA. 44" high. Rooftop MODEL 2 -234. MARINE CB ANTENNA. Stationary base
mount. 3/8" snap in base. Stainless steel spring and with 17 -foot coaxial assembly. High efficiency center
whip. With low loss coax assembly. load coil.
*MODEL 2 -209. MOBILE ANTENNA. 20" high Trunk MODEL 2 -240. POPULAR GROUND PLANE BASE
lip reduced size antenna. Stainless steel whip bar and ANTENNA.
spring with low IoEs coax assembly. MODEL 2-24.5. SKY- MASTER I. 1,2 WAVE 3.75 db GAIN
*MODEL 2 -210. PORTABLE ANTENNA. Screws in back BASE ANTENNA.
of set for temporary or portable use. MODEL 2 -250. SKY -MASTER II. 5/8 WAVE 5 db GAIN
* MODEL 2-220. MOBILE ANTENNA 48" high. Fiber- BASE ANTENNA.
glass shaft, top coil and stainless tuning tip. % "x24" stud.
*ATTRACTIVELY PACKAGED ON 3 -COLOR CARDS.
See the complete line of Mobile and Base Antennas

at your Royce Dealer today!
Royce electronics corporation

1142 Clay St., North Kansas City, Mo. 64116
CALL: (816) 842 -0252 TELEX: 426 -145
CIRCLE ND. 43 ON READER SERVICE CARD

AUGUST 1975 7
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MOM
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AUGUST 1975 11
NEW single- and dual -gate FET's, and relative
front -to -back ratios of diodes. A conduc-
tive foam pad on the front panel is included
to discharge FET leads. A special "square -
law" meter makes possible one extended
high range for all tests. Relative gain readings
are indicated on a single "good -bad"
reliability New Products color-coded scale. Devices can be tested in

the panel socket or with color -coded test
leads. Extension leads are provided for in-
recording Additional information on new products
covered in this section is available from circuit testing. The Checker measures 61/4"
tape the manufacturers. Either circle the item's

code number on the Reader Service Card
inside the back cover or write to the man-
x 33/4" x 2 "(15.9 x 9.5 x 5.2cm)and weighs
14 ounces (397 g). $33.
CIRCLE NO. 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ufacturer at the address given.
HIGH -VOLTAGE /CURRENT MEASURING PROBE

Eico's Model HVP -5 is a self- contained,
TELEQUIPMENT DUAL -TRACE direct -reading high -voltage and current
PORTABLE OSCILLOSCOPE measuring probe. It can read dc voltages
Tektronix's new Telequipment Model D32 up to 40,000 V and dc currents up to 200
oscilloscope is a 10 -MHz, dual -trace unit. mA. The two measuring circuits are inde-
The scope has a vertical sensitivity ranging pendent of each other, and the meter is
from 10 mV /div to 5 V /div in nine calibrated switched between them by a slide switch
steps, nineteen sweep speeds ranging mounted on the probe body. The manufac-
from 500 ns /div to 500 ms /div, a X5 hori- turer claims that the HVP -5 cannot be dam-
aged by placing the function switch in the
mA position while measuirng high voltage.
$29.95.
from CIRCLE NO 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Lafayette AUDIOANALYST "TOWER OF SOUND"

The Audioanalyst Tower of Sound is a
the electronics stacked pair of A-100X three -way acoustic
shopping center suspension loudspeakers. This is done to
Were introducing a top -value line of
take advantage of the dispersion charac-
Lafayette brand blank recording tape zontal magnifier, and flexible triggering. teristics of the high- frequency drivers and
with formulations designed for every Automatic selection of chopped or alter- mutual coupling between the two 10 -inch
application. Cassette, cartridge, reel - nate modes is incorporated, and the D32 woofers. It is said that the two low -
to- reel -from our low -noise general can be run off line current or rechargeable
purpose series to our Criterion XHE
frequency drivers behave as one 15 -inch
(Extra high energy) top-of- the -line- batteries. Up to four hours of continuous woofer without the beaming and breakup
you'll find the tape you need at a price operation is possible under battery power. problems of a larger transducer. The two
that's right. Visit the new tape centers at Six rechargeable "D" cells, probes (2 A-100X systems are wired in parallel, pre-
our stores, or read about it in our new each), and a front-panel protective cover
1976 catalog. senting a 4 -ohm load to the power am-
are included as standard equipment. An plifier. The Tower of Sound stands about
optional carrying case is also available. four ft. (1.2 m) tall and occupies a little
1976 The scope measures 11" D x 9" W x 4" H more than a square foot of floor space.
Lafayette (27.9 x 22.9 x 10.2 cm). $995. CIRCLE NO. 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Radio CIRCLE NO. 70 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Electronics
Catalog CLARION UNDER -DASH CASSETTE
WALL -LENK SOLDERING PISTOL PLAYER /RECORDER
Mail this card to-
day, or reserve a
Wall -Lenk's new Model 2116 is a light- The Clarion Model 812 car cassette player
copy through weight, 30 -watt pistol -grip soldering gun. It features record capability, a microphone
your Lafayette is UL listed and has a nylon handle that is with coiled cord and an on /off switch for
store. said to stay cool even during prolonged
use. The pistol is balanced for comfort, and
its heating element reaches operating
1
Dept. 35085
temperature in a few seconds, according to
the manufacturer.
Lafayette Radio Electronics
111 Jericho Tpke., Syosset, New York 11791
RCA PORTABLE SEMICONDUCTOR CHECKER
Send me your FREE 1976 Catalog
The new portable, battery -powered
Name Transistor /Diode /FET Checker, Model stop /start operation, and automatic re-
WC- 506B by RCA, permits quick checks of verse. Also included are fast forward /re-
Address Apt.
both in- and out-of- circuit devices. The in- wind and volume, tone, and balance con-
City State
strument provides four ways to connect a trols, automatic or manual program switch-
Zip

1 device for relative gain or leakage tests of
npn and pnp transistors, p- and n-channel
ing, and program indicator lights.
KENWOOD LUXURY RECEIVER
The new KR -9400 stereo receiver boasts
120 watts rms /channel into 8 ohms be-
tween 20 and 20,000 Hz, with no more than
0.1°ro THD. The amplifier section uses
BUILD&TEST
direct-coupled output circuitry, and a pro-
AS FASTAS YOU ThINK!

POWER FOR THE PROFESSIONAL
ECONOMY KITS FOR THE HOBBYIST
A MODEL AND A PRICE FOR EVERYONE
PROTO BOARD 203

Breadboard Prototesting with 5 Volt,
1 AMP Regulated Power Supply included !
tection circuit combining electronic and
A total ready -to -use power breadboard
relay switching. The KR -9400 tuner section
prototest device with a built -in regulated,
uses a dual -gate MOSFET front end, a short -proof power supply. Just plug -in and
multi- function IC, and a phase -locked loop start building! 2 extra floating 5 -way
IC. Claimed sensitivity is 1.7 .1V, selectivity binding posts for external signals. Self-
80 dB, and capture ratio 1 3 dB. A triple - contained with power switch indicator lamp
and power fuse. 24 -14 pin DIP capacity.
function meter performs as a signal - Attractive two -tone quality case. All metal
strength, multipath, and deviation indi- construction. 93/4 "L x
cator. Other features are three tone con-
$75 "H.
61/2 "W x 23/4 5 lbs.
trols, a dual tape system for uninterrupted Order today!

dubbing, and a new injection circuit which Add $2.50 shipping /handling
mixes the signal from any program source

into the recorded signal, with front panel
level control for proper blending.
AUDIO SWEEP GENERATOR /FREQ. METER

Production Devices' Model 140B is an A modestly priced kit for the
audio oscillator, sweep generator, and fre- economy-minded experimenter ...
quency meter in one enclosure. As a sweep
generator, it operates over two ranges PROTO BOARD 100
-from 40 Hz to 1000 Hz, and from 1000 to A low cost, big 10 IC capacity breadboard
20,000 Hz. The frequency meter may be kit with all the quality of QT sockets and the
used independently. As an audio oscillator, best of the Proto Board series ...complete
it provides a sine wave with an adjustable down to the last nut, bolt and screw. Includes
2 QT -35S Sockets; 1 QT-358 Bus Strip; 2
output from 0 to 2.5 V,,,,, which is constant 5 -way binding posts; 4 rubber feet;
over the audio range ( ±0.25 dB). Distortion screws, nuts, bolts; and easy
is said to be less than 1.5°%o. As a square- assembly instructions.
wave generator, the Model 140B can pro-
duce a fixed 8V,,,, output. $78.95.
19"Add $1.50
shipping/ handling.
PROTO -CLIP
for Power -On,
Hands -Off Signal
ESP TESTER
Tracing. No more
Edmund Scientific's new solid -state porta- shorting leads.
ble ESP Tester has a guaranteed random Costs less than .
Bring IC leads
$5
from pc board for fast signal tracing and
troubleshooting. Inject signals. Wire unused circuits
into boards. Scope probes and test leads lock onto
Dynagrip inset (see circle) for hands -off testing. Plastic
construction eliminates springs, pivots. Non -corrosive
nickel /silver contacts for simultaneous
low resistance connections.
PC -14, 14 -pin Proto Clip, $4.50 ea.
PC -16, 16 -pin Proto Clip, $4.75 ea.
Add 75C shipping /handling.
Order today off -the -shelf from CSC
or local distributor. Charge: BAC,
MC, AX. Write for free catalog. Free
English /Metric Slide Rule with each
order. Dealer inquiries invited. =M--. =Continental Specialties Corp.
Foreign orders add 15 %. Box 1942, New Haven, CT 06509 203/624-3103

circuit for accurate testing. When the ex- Patents Pending Made in USA W. Coast Off.: Box 7809, S. Francisco, CA 94119 415/383 -4207
aminer pushes a button, a light appears Prices subject to change Canada: Available thru Len Finkler Ltd., Ontario
AUGUST 1975 13
1 a
above one of four symbols -

a star, a
square, a triangle, or a circle. If either the
examiner or the subject has ESP, the
number of correct guesses will average
above that indicated by random chance (1
out of 4 or 25 %). Four "D" cells are re-
quired for power. The ESP Tester (Cat. No.
72,090) comes with instructions and a
50-test experiment pad. Measures 61/4" x
33/4" x 2" (15.9 x 9.5 x 5.1 cm) $29.95 Extra
pads for 250 tests (Cat. No. 72,092) are

New Literature
available for $3.50.
ELECTRONIC IGNITION BOOKLET
CIRCLE N0. 18 ON READER SERVICE CARO
A Revolution in Ignition Systems," offered
by the Tri -Star Corp, describes the physical
SAE STEREO POWER AMPLIFIER
operation, advantages, and disadvantages
SAE is introducing its new stereo power of the conventional (Kettering), transis-
amplifier, the Mark XXV. The manufacturer torized, and capacitive- discharge (CDI) ig-
guarantees that the amplifier will deliver nition systems. The illustrated publication
300 W /channel, both channels driven into 8 includes comparative data on the three
types of systems, and highlights the
company's Tiger line of CDI modules. Also
given are the results of a laboratory test
comparing six of the most popular CDI
products. Address: Tri -Star Corporation,
Grand Junction, CO 81501.
ELECTROSTATIC SPEAKER BROCHURE
An Electrostatic Research brochure de-

scribes its new ER -139 two- and three -way
speaker systems, featuring dynamic bass
and electrostatic tweeter drivers. The
three -way system uses a dynamic mid-
ohms, from 10 Hz to 30 kHz. Claimed IMD is range driver. In both systems, a circular
0.05% and THD is 0.1 %, from 250 mW to array of eight ES tweeters provides
rated output. Frequency response is said to 360 -degree horizontal dispersion. Energiz-
be 10 Hz to 30 kHz -±-0.25 dB, and S/N is 100 ing techniques (through either a separate
dB, both referenced to rated output. A voltage supply or self-energization) is dis-
choose the engineering newly developed PSO (Paralleled- Series- cussed. Address: Electrostatic Research
excellence of a Browning base Output) circuit combines the inherent ad- Co., Dept. P, 38 Cabot Street, Beverly, MA
vantages of both parallel and series circuit
station or mobile. Its outstand- designs. The Mark XXV is equipped with
01915.
ing depth of audio performance forced -air cooling, and has pushbuttons 3 -D DISPLAY CATALOG
lets you go beyond casual fun for channels A and B gain and output meter
A new 8 -page catalog is available from Op-
to full CB enjoyment! Brown - sensitivity. These discrete levels are cali-
tical Electronics, Inc., describing its
ing's unique "voice dimension" brated in dB, and the two output meters are
three -dimensional display system modules
calibrated in both dB and watts for 8 -ohm
characteristics represent a skill- for use with conventional XY CRT displays.
loads. $1250.00
ful blending of audio power The catalog illustrates the various
-
capabilities of the 3 -D system, including
and fidelity and are the re- the generation of monocular and binocular
sult of over half a century of KRICKET VOICE COMMUNICATIONS SPEAKER images, image magnification, and various
adherence to exacting produc- The Model KC -35 Kricket voice communi- depth cues including local field, interposi-
cations speaker by Acoustic Fiber Sound
tion standards and time - Systems is housed in a fiberboard enclo-
tion, movement parallax and perspective.
Also described are peripheral modules
consuming craftsmanship. You sure covered with U.S. Naugahyde,T" and such as vector generators, background
may spend a few more dollars comes with a mounting bracket which al-
- you iay even have to wait
for delivery -
lows the speaker to be positioned at any
convenient angle, including mobile appli-
generators, and computer buffer/inter-
faces. Address: S. Day, Sales Dept., Opti-
but if you're cal Electronics, Inc., Box 11140, Tucson,
cations. The speaker will be of interest to AZ 85734.
serious about CB, you'll choose CB and ham operators, Business Band
Browning! users, and boaters. TRIPLETT TEST EQUIPMENT CATALOG
CIRCLE NO. 80 ON READER SERVICE. CARD
For your free full -cclor A new 16 -page catalog of its line of test
catalog, write .. . CARBON -FILM RESISTOR SET
equipment is available from the Triplett
Corp. The new 60-T catalog features two
arowninl
Browning Laboratories, Inc.
Energy Electronic Product's Resistor Set
Model RS 10 contains over 2700 1/4 -watt,
5% carbon film resistors. Included are 170
different values from 0.51 ohms up to 5.6
new VOM's, as well as Triplett's tempera-
ture testers, special feature testers, and
general -purpose portable units. The
catalog also contains a product selection
1269 Union Avenue megohms. The quantity of each value has guide for easy comparison of the
Laconia, New Hampshire 0324~ been chosen for its average frequency of manufacturer's various units. Address:
Telephone (E03) 524 -5454 applications in electronic design. $126.00 Triplett Corporation, Dept. PR, Bluffton,
CIRCLE NO 81 ON READER SERVICE CARD OH 45817.
CIRCLE WO. 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Get the news before it's news...
witha "behind-the -scenes °Scanner Radio from
Pocket -size Realistic scanners seek and lock -in on exciting police,
fire and emergency calls, even continuous weathercasts* There's
one to cover the action in your area -11 models in all.
Radio Shack!
PRO -6- VHF-Hi and VHF -Low
Electronically scans up to 4 crystal -con-
trolled channels on 148 -174 or 30 -50
MHz. Stops on each active channel until
conversation ends, then resumes scan-
ning. You don't miss a thing -it's like 4
radios in one. Lighted channel indicators,
switches for bypassing any channels,
scan /manual switch, variable volume and
squelch, tuilt-in antenna, earphone jack.
With 4 "AA" cells. Requires up
to 4 crystals. #20 -171. 11995
PRO -4A- VHF-Hi Band
Like the PRO -6, but covers VHF -
Hi only. #20 -174 9995
PRO -5 UHF "Metro" Band
Same as the PRO -4A, but covers 450-470
MHz used in many larger cities. 1199
#20-169.
Accessories Available. Plug -in antenna.
1 2VDC adapter, AC adapter /battery
charger, rechargeable batteries.
FREE New 1976

Radio Shack Catalog
OVER 2000 PRODUCTS
EXCLUSIVES ON EVERY PAGE
BEAUTIFUL FULL COLOR On VHF -Hi band in over 70 'ocalities
Stereo Quadraphonic Phonographs
TV Antennas Radios Citizens Band NEW PRO-1 6A -Super Scanner
Kits Recorders Tape Tools
Auto Tune -Up Electronic Parts
for the ultimate at-home
Test Instruments More! or mobile listening post
164 pages of the finest in
home and hobby electronics
Respected brand names like
Realistic. M cronta. Archer.
Science Fair - and they re
NEW FOR'76 available only at Radio With
Corning Shack stores and dealers Extended UHF
SDon! nationwide' See what s really Coverage
new in electronics by getting
this catalog now e -
Scans up to 16 crystal -controlled channels, in any combnatior, on

30 -50 and 148 -174 MHz VHF and 450 -512 MHz UHF. Like having 16
SEND FOR YOURS TODAY! radios in one! Lockout buttons and indicator lights for each channel,
FILL OUT COUPON BELOW manual selector, squelch, variable scan rate, scan -delay in'out button,
12VDC/120 VAC operation, mobile mounting bracket. 22995
1976 Mai to Radio Shack, P. O. Box 1052, 540 Requires up to 16 crystals. U.L..isted. #20 -165
Catalog Ft. Worth, Texas 76101. (Please print.) Police- frequency listening may be regulated by local authorities
Name Apt. No
"loft -7QEAa L/SÍ7L
Street
City
State _ ZIP
`% 1?aduel'haeK
Master Charge or
Bank Americard at
A TANDY CORPORATION COMPANY
OVER 3000 STORES 50 STATES 7 COUNTRIES
participating stores
L- .J Reiail prices may vary at individual stores
AUGUST 1975 15
timing notation, derived from a very
stable and accurate electronic clock.
This notation can drive a mechanical
servo system that regulates the rate at
which the recording is scanned (a
Stereo Scene simple servo -controlled capstan mo-

tor on a tape machine, for example).
Another scheme might use a matrix of
memory locations that "hold" data
until they are scanned electronically
By Ralph Hodges
to regenerate the digitized signal.
WILL AUDIO GO DIGITAL?
Digital comes by these benefits be-
cause it substitutes a numerical code
À HAT'S happening with dig - keting considerations as much as for the thing itself, unlike our
W ital audio ?" is a question
you hear from time to time. The an-
technological advances, so it isn't re-
ally worth speculating about right
present -day analog recordings (discs
and tapes) which really are the musi-
swer is that it's loping along nicely, now.) Probably the most attractive cal performance in a sense, frozen in
with groups as diverse as Bell Tele- product that could be offered the au- time for our convenience. To con-
phone Laboratories and the British diophile is a digital program source, struct a rough analogy: any oil paint-
Broadcasting Company doing serious especially if it -like a digital tape ing would not fare too well if preserved
work on one project or another. Con- machine-could also produce digital for posterity by means of photocopies,
sumers cannot yet find digital tape re- recordings. For the rest of this col- whereas an instruction sheet for a
corders awaiting them at the local hi -fi umn, I'll focus on that sort of product, paint -by- number kit, even if rendered
emporium, but audio professionals
can buy digital delay lines that can do
a most effective job enhancing the
and because its essential functions
conversion from analog to digital and
-
because it is of demonstrated interest just barely decipherable, would give
rise to the same end product as an
undamaged copy. Of course, few
naturalness of artificial reverberation, back again -are basic to any digital paint -by- number kits would fool any-
particularly when they are used with processor. one into believing he was in the pres-
more conventional studio techniques. ence of a Rembrandt original. But if
Digital techniques have been used to Music By Numbers. You are the instructions were detailed
restore the fidelity of old recordings, perhaps familiar with the advantages enough -one hundred items per
and these efforts have met with un- of digital recording. They include vir- square centimeter of canvas, say-the
precedented success. And, of course, tual immunity to cumulative noise, dis- unaided eye might very well find the
in the area of synthesized music, digi- tortion, and frequency- response de- reproduction indistinguishable from
tal techniques are becoming more es- gradation. Audible wow and flutter the original. This is the goal of a prac-
tablished every day. can be wiped out because the signal tical digital recording system: to pro-
Digital applications for audio are itself carries with it an unambiguous vide adequate instructions for an au-
being pursued in areas such as:
signal processing (delay, filtering,
etc.) and straight recording. Record-
ing is simpler, at least in theory, except
that it must generally be carried out in
real time and committed to a medium
(most often magnetic tape) which has
serious storage- density limitations for
this kind of work. Signal process -
ing-or some types of it, anyway
-can proceed chunk by chunk at
the computer's leisure, and perma-
nent storage of the signal in digitized
form may not be involved at all.
Earlier this year the Midwest Acous-
tics Conference, which takes place
annually in Evanston, Illinois, devoted
itself to an overview of digital audio,
presenting a number of uniquely qual-
ified speakers who explained where
we are today and what's coming next. I
went there to get a feel for the viability

of these techniques in the consumer
sphere, and came away mildly en-
I
couraged. Many of the experts foresee

digital hardware making its way into
the home in the not-too -distant future.
(The exact timetable will involve mar-
ONE -TIME OFFER
TO READERS OF
POPULAR
What does it take to
ELECTRONICS
ONLY
build the world's smallest
SAVE 15
Regular Price $49.95
scientific calculator?
About three hours. And only $34.95
Designing the Sinclair Scientific Kit Components

was no small feat of engineering. Coil Case mouldings, with
LSI chip buttons, windows
But you don't have to be an engi- Interface chips and light -up display
neer to assemble it with our kit. Printed circuit board in position
Now you can put together the Keyboard panel Soft carrying wallet
Electronic components Comprehensive
world's thinnest, lightest scientific pack instructions
calculator from eight groups Batteries, battery Assembly time is
assembly and on/off about 3 hours.
of components, using only a switch
soldering iron and a pair of cutters. Specifications
(Complete instructions are Functions: Exponent:
included, of course. And our 4 arithmetic 200 -decade range,
Service Department will help you AVAILABLE ASSEMBLED TOO from 10 -99 to 10 +99
2 logarithmic
6 trigonometric
Logic:
with any questions that come up.) The Sinclair Scientific calculator Keyboard: Reverse Polish, with
For an incredible SPECIAL is available in completely assem- 18 key format with post -fixed operators
PRICE OF ONLY $34.95 (offer bled form if you prefer. The 4 "triple- action" Power Source:
function keys Battery operated with
expires September 15, 1975) , look SPECIAL LOW PRICE is only Display: 4 AAA batteries
what the Sinclair Scientific can do : $49.95 -fully guaranteed. Defec- 5-digit mantissa Size: 43/8" high;
2-digit exponent 2" wide; 11/16" thick
sin and arcsin tive calculators will be repaired or (both signable) Weight: 33/4 oz.
cos and arccos
replaced within one year from date
of purchase, FREE OF CHARGE
tan and arctan (batteries not included). CHARGE YOUR ORDER TO YOUR
automatic squaring AMERICAN EXPRESS,
automatic doubling BANKAMERICARD,
MASTER CHARGE OR
log and antilog (base 10) actual size DINERS CLUB ACCOUNT
giving quick access to
xY (including square
and other roots)
G
r CONSUMER SERVICE DIVISION,
four basic arithmetic B.6629 -0 I
595 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10012
Please send the following:
functions
plus scientific notation __ Scientific Calculator Kit(s)
@ $34.95 plus $2.00 ea. postage,
(10 -9e to 10 +99). handling & insurance
Scientific Calculator(s)
To be a really valuable tool, a Assembled @ $49.95 plus $3.50
scientific calculator must provide 1 rad 57.2958'
ea. postage, handling & insurance
all of the above. Residents of Calif., Colo., Fla., Ill.,
mir liCliair 1n10
2.30259
2.71828 Mich., Mo., N.Y. State, D.C. and
A calculator without scientific Scientific e 314159 Tex., add applicable sales tax.
notation severly limits the size of Enclosed is $ ( Offer not
numbers with which you can work valid outside U.S.A.)
easily. And scientific notation with- off CHARGE:
American Express
out transcendental function is BankAmericard
little more than window dressing Master Charge
on an arithmetic calculator.
ioq Diners Club
Less than ;/1. -inch thin and Account #
33/1.- ounces light, the British -made antdtxi Exp. Date
Sinclair Scientific isn't just tan
Master Charge
portable. It's pocketable. Interbank #
arctau
(4 numbers above your name)
ONE -YEAR GUARANTEE So Signature
All parts are tested before ship- Print Name
ment -and we'll replace, FREE aresn
OF CHARGE, any defective part cos Address
in any correctly assembled calcu-
lator for a full year from date of
purchase (labor not included) .
'arccos
L
City
State Zip
PE-85 j
AUGUST 1975 17
Bell &Howell Schools inviles you to
BREAK IN 4IL
Pick up new professional
skills in this exciting
field as you build
Bell & Howell's new
quadraphonic audio center.
It's the very first
learn-at-home program
of its kind!
You've probably heard a lot about Completely different from the typical We'll start you off on the right foot.
4- channel sound by now. It's the most kind of school you grew up with. You may be thinking, "I don't have
talked about and impressive technical Learning all about quad sound with any training in electronics ... I might be
advancement in sound in years. Sepa- Bell & Howell Schools is a lot more getting in over my head."
rately recorded channels literally wrap a interesting and convenient than "school" Well, you can stop worrying about
room in sound for a totally new listening used to be. First of all, we know you that. You don't need previous experi-
experience. can't afford to quit your job. So we set ence. You'll begin with the basics and
And the excitement doesn't stop up a program that lets you work at home acquire a thorough understanding of the
there. Thanks to Bell & Howell Schools' in your spare time. fundamentals before moving on.
brand new learning program, now you There are no classes to attend. No dry And remember, it's not just reading.
can explore quad sound for yourself - lectures to sit through. Everything With your very first lesson you get our
from the inside out -and master the comes to you in the mail. Lesson by LAB STARTER KIT, consisting of a
technology behind this important lesson. Exciting package after package. simple voltmeter and electronics "bread-
advancement right in your own home! And you work at a flexible pace in the board" you can experiment with
It's your opportunity to break away relaxed atmosphere of your workshop - right away.
from the everyday routine and learn or wherever your favorite spot may be. Of course, if you're already into
new occupational skills that could lead electronics, you might be thinking,
you in exciting new directions. Mail the Sure, books are important. "I already know the basics ... I want to
attached card, postage free, to get the But they're only the beginning. get into the advanced stuff right away!"
facts today! With this fascinating learn -at-home For you there's an advanced standing
Take hold of opportunity with program, you do a lot more than just program that lets you skip the begin-
both hands now! read about electronics. You'll conduct ning lessons.
The world around you is changing dozens of experiments . .. build your Next you build the exclusive
every day. Forging ahead. The man who own laboratory equipment for testing Electro -Lab® electronics
keeps pace is the man who continues to out electronics principles . .. and also as training system.
learn and grow. He's in the mainstream part of this program you put together a Once you've mastered the basics,
of life. Interested in what's going on. 4 -channel amplifier and FM /FM stereo we'll send you everything you need to
And he's much more interesting, too. tuner as you delve into advanced audio put together these three important test-
Bell & Howell Schools' new 4- channel technology. ing instruments:
audio program was designed to help The design console. You use it to set
you learn and grow. To put you in the up and examine various kinds of cir-
mainstream of audio electronics tech- cuits. It's completely modular . .. no
nology. Where you can delve into soldering!
fascinating electronics principles. Solve The digital multimeter. Use it to
challenging problems and get actual measure voltage, current and resistance.
hands -on, build-it-yourself experience. We try to make learning so interesting Displays data accurately in big, clear
And where you can acquire a sense of you look forward to receiving each new numbers -just like on a digital clock.
satisfaction and accomplishment you lesson. And enthusiastically dive into The solid-state "triggered- sweep"
may not currently be getting. each new project we send you. oscilloscope. Use it to analyze modern,
HANNEL AUDIO! applied audio technology. So you
35 watts per .channel -Min. RMS into 8 ohms
at less than 0.25% total harmonic distortion from actually have an easier time with it.
20- 20,000 Hz, all channels fully driven.
Special learning opportunities give
As you build and experiment with this you extra help and attention.
remarkable piece of equipment, you'll lit case you do run into a problem or
learn about matrix 4- channel and two, we're ready to give you more help
discrete-including CD -4 when proc- and personal attention than you'd expect
essed through an external demodulator. from most learn -at-home programs.
And with it you'll have the advanced For example, many home study
circuitry you need to get into signal schools ask you to mail in your ques-
tracing low level circuits ... trouble- tions. Bell & Howell Schools gives you
shooting high power amplifier stages ... a toll -free number to call for answers
and checking the operation of tone you need right away.
control circuits. Few home study schools offer per-
Next, the advanced FM -FM stereo sonal contact with instructors. Bell &
state -of- the -art integrated circuits.
tuner. As you build this superb stereo Howell Schools organizes "help ses-
Triggered-sweep feature locks in signals
tuner, you'll come to fully understand sions" in 50 major cities at various times
for easier observation.
These three superb testing instru- how the advanced, "state -of- the -art" during the year -where you can discuss
features lead to such high performance. problems with fellow students and
ments are the basis of your own home
You'll learn about all solid -state con- instructors in person.
electronics laboratory. You'll use them
throughout the program as you move struction, FET front end for superior And when you're done, you'll know
into more advanced electronics prin- sensitivity, crystal IF filters for wide a lot more than just 4- channel sound!
ciples and work into audio technology. bandwidth and the superior multiplex You'll have covered the complete
circuit that produces such excellent. spectrum of electronics principles, lead-
Bell & Howell's high performance stereo separation. ing to a full understanding of audio
4-channel audio center you actually technology.
build and experiment with yourself! A wealth of 'knowledge in
digestible chunks. And while no school can promise you
You need practical experience with a job or income opportunity, you will
O.K.! So now you might be thinking,
high caliber equipment to develop pro- have occupational skills necessary to
fessional skills and understand the ins "It sounds really interesting ... but kind
of complicated." And you're right. become a full -service technician. With
and outs of today's audio technology. the ability to work on the entire range of
But that is why we use the "hands on"
So we came up with a system that audio equipment. Such as tape recorders,
Bell & HowelI is proud to have its
teaching approach.
We've taken all the material and cassette players, FM antennas and com-
name on: mercial sound systems. You'll know
broken it down into short, simple-to-
First, there's the sophisticated out- audio technology from the inside out.
grasp lessons, so you can master one
standing 4- channel amplifier And you'll be proud of it.
with SQ full -logic decoding thing at a time before moving on. And
we take you through it step by step. Plus you will have the basic skills that
and front to back separation. apply to the entire electronics field, in-
From the basics to advanced theory to
cluding television technology and repair.
For more details, mail card today!
Here's your chance to break out of
the mold. And break into 4- channel
audio with Bell & Howell Schools. Why
not look into it today. Mail the attached
postage -paid card now.
Taken for vocational purposes, this
program is approved by the state
approval agency for Veterans' Benefits.
Wood cabinets available at extra cost.
" Electro- Lab®" is a registered trademark
of the Bell & Howell Company
If card has been removed, write:
An Electronics Home Study School
DVRVInSTITl1TEOFTECHOOLOGV 766 R2
ONE OF TIE
l
BELL E HOWELL SCHOOLS
4141 Belmont, Chicago, Illinois 60641
AUGUST 1975 LI
dibly perfect reproduction without A
VOLTS
blowing a simple instruction sheet up
into a lengthy (and expensive) book.
How do you convert music to num-
bers? You could use any number of
systems, as long as you're consistent.
Figure 1 shows, for example, a musi-
cal waveform (such as a microphone
output) of perhaps a millisecond's du-
ration applied to a rectangular coor-
dinate system; the t axis is time, and A
is amplitude (voltage or current). Any
point on the waveform can obviously
be expressed in coordinate values of A
and t. and that is how the waveform 2 3 4 5 6
-nt -I
t
Fig. 1. A typical musical (analog) waveformu. The

The great new smooth curve is sampled at squall tiare intervals and
the amplitudes are converted to digital information.
SuperiScannec will be digitized. To establish the t val- aware, computers have their own lan-
fE ues we'll move along the axis in small guage for counting, based on the dig-
fixed increments. The size of the in- its 0and 1, generally corresponding to
1) crements is determined by the the open and closed conditions of the
sampling rate, which we'll have to get numerous switches that are among
eil\r; involved with later. For now, assuming their principal contents. In this binary
our sampling rate is established, we'll system, the digits are arranged in col-
just move along collecting our data: at umns with the leftmost expressing the
t =1, A =2; at t =2, A =7; at t =3, A =7.8, highest values, as in the decimal sys-
etc. We end up with the coordinate tem. However, the columns are ar-
values for a series of points (Fig. 2). ranged in powers of the base 2 rather
The numerical values are what we'll than the base 10 (Fig. 3). The first col-
record on the tape, in digital form. umn on the right is the 2° column (2°
The only "two-antennas" What we'll get when the recorded tape equals 1); the second is the 21 column
antenna. It scans is played back through a digital -to- (2), the third is 22 (4), the fourth is 23
360 in milliseconds with analog converter is the points of Fig. 2, (8), and so on. Thus the decimal
5.75 dB gain. Or beams
an 8.75 dB gain signal
where and when you want
obviously not a good reproduction of
the original curve. However, if the in-
crements of time and amplitude are
-
number 9 is expressed 1001 in binary
notation one plus no 2, no 4, and
1
one 8. Each of the digits in 1001 is

it-instantaneously. made small enough, very good results called a bit. A four -bit system like this
(And you'll wish you had can be obtained. can count up to 15 (1111, or 1 plus 2
a radio as handsome plus 4 plus 8). To go higher (17, for
as the control box!) 1, 2, 3 ... Digitally. Most comput- example), we must add another bit to
ers can't make anything of such ab- get 10001 (1 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus
stract symbols as "2," "5.5," and "9," 16). Note also that there's no way of
New contemporary control
console with blackout panel, even if they could be fed to them in expressing fractional parts of inte-
simulated leather end panels. that form. So, as many of you are gers. We could arrange the system to
Compact size -radius just A
3 feet. Wind rated in excess
e
of 100 mph.
r----i
Ideal for emergency teams - 7
r-- -- I
,
zero in on trouble spots

6
5
---J
r---
4
3
MODEL MS 119 Super Scanner electronic beam
antenna with control console 2
o
irantenna specialists co. l-nt--1
2 3 4 5 6 t
Division of ORION INDUSTRIES, INC.

12435 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Export: 2200 Shames Dr.,
Fig... Reconstructed waveform. In practice, Much
Westbury, L.I., New York 11590
Canada: A. C. Simmonds & Sons, Ltd.
smaller time increments would be used to obtain
CIRCLE NO. B ON READER SERVICE CARD a smoother, more detailed replication of H.i1 '(:form.
Y2 ruruLAts cLtt, I r1uNICS
do so but we would have to add more
bits, just as we have to add columns to
the right of the decimal point in our
own number system.
AP
terminal Et
solderless
plug -in
The binary code described here lets
us put the information we feed to the
distribution universal
computer somewhat in a suitable strips breadboarding
form. Still, were hard pressed to ex- elements
press the amplitude of the waveform
at any instant with only the 15 num-
bers of a four-bit code. First of all, if
the waveform should go below zero,
merely to be able to express all the
whole numbers will require an addi-
tional bit to distinguish between posi-
tive and negative values. (A 0, meaning
positive, or a 1, meaning negative.
preceding the four -bit digital "word for fast
will readily accomplish that function). circuit buildup
and checkout
23 22 21 2° 10 new models accommodate

Decimal (8) (4) (2) (1)
starting at $2 all DIP sizes
1 o o o
expanded capacity
2 o o o easy hookup with
3 o o at lower cost 22 -ga. solid wire
4 o o o
5 o o All products are guaranteed
A P PRODUCTS INCORPORATED
6 o o to meet or exceed
Box 110 -H, Painesville, Ohio 44077
7 o
published specifications free catalog 1216) 354 -2101. Twx 810 -425 -2250
8 o o o
9 o o
10 o o
11
12
o
0
Fig. d Table for couvértirry
o Why any cartridge
decimal to bii+art rtxirrben5.
(even ours)
But we'd also like to subdivide in order
with an elliptical stylus
to express fractional values. This
needs more bits; the question is, can
we afford them? According to Dr.
must be considered just
Barry Blesser of MIT, speaking at the
Midwest Acoustics Conference, an
8 -bit converter (analog -to- digital or
a bit old- fashioned.
digital -to- analog) can be bought for $4 As a premium stylus, elliptical de- grams, a Shibata stylus is easier on
to $8. A 12 -bit converter might cost signs have only one real advantage your records than an elliptical stylus
$100 to $500. An 18 -bit converter is over a Shibata stylus: lower cost. trying to track at 1/2 -gram! New
Which is why we still offer them. records last longer, old records sound
still blue sky. In short, equipment But when it comes to perform- better, and you can play every kind
costs have a highly unfavorable expo- ance, a Shibata stylus is far, far of two or four -channel record made.
nential relationship to the number of better. It provides the small scan- All Audio-Technica top- of -the-
bits in the system. ning radius needed to track highs line cartridges have genuine Shibata
(up to 45 Hz for CD -4), but without styli. Anything less would be false
the penalty of requiring extremely economy for you ... and out-dated
Quantization Error. But anyhow, low stylus force settings. technology for us. Prove it to your-
we have our however-many -bit system In fact, even tracking at up to 2 self today.
and we're going to do the best we can.
What should we watch out for? First, AT15Sa `
we should guard against signal levels MPAT14Sa AT20SLa
that exceed the range of our number

system because our converter won't
be able to express them and will pre-
.audio technicao
AUDIO- TECHNICA U.S., INC., Dept. 85P, 33 Shiawassee Ave., Fairlawn, Ohlo 44313
sent us with nonsense at the output. Available in Canada from Superior Electronics, Inc.
CIRCLE NO.9 ON READER SERVICE CARD
AUGUST 1975 23
Second, we must worry a lot about rate, giving rise to heterodyne (sum of elegant ways to cheat on the
values that fall between the numbers and difference) tones of the two fre- analog -to- digital converter. One is the
we have available. The value 5.5, for quencies. The difference tone is lower "dither" technique, in which a trace of
example, cannot be expressed by our in frequency than either the signal or random noise is fed to the converter
four -bit system; it will have to write the sampling rate, and thus it tends to along with the signal. The noise keeps
5 (0101) or 6 (0110) in its place. The get heard. The sum tone is inaudible. the least significant bit occupied with
difference between 5.5 and the 5 or 6 The phenomenon is called aliasing. It things other than the low -level sine
the converter gets from it i5 the is equivalent to gross intermodulation wave, so that the process won't pro-
quantization error, and it is something distortion. duce a series of higher harmonics.
you have to put up with unless you can In front of the input of any digital The result, of course, is some noise in
afford to divide up the values (with audio converter there will inevitably the output, but this is much more tol-
more bits) to achieve a closer approx- be a pretty sharp low -pass filter to erable to most ears than the reedy
imation to the actual value. What forestall such nuisance. The skirt of whine.
quantization errorsounds like is a sub- the filter determines where the sam- Another technique, mentioned
ject we'll approach a little later. pling rate must be placed to avoid specifically by Dr. Blesser, involves lit-
If all has gone well up to now, we trouble. But unfortunately, not -al- tle more than compression of the
confront our third problem: the re- lowed high frequencies may be gener- input signal, so that there are no low -
cording medium. Most existing digital ated within the converter itself under level signals. The input to the conver-
systems use magnetic tape, laying certain circumstances, with the same ter is fed by several amplifiers of in-
down the 1's and 0's as dc pulses and unwholesome effects. This takes us creasingly higher gain. The lowest -
non -pulses, or pulses of opposite po- back to quantization error and (again) level input signals are switched
larity, or ac pulses with two discrete to Dr. Blesser. through the highest -gain amplifier,
frequencies. But whatever the system Quantization error results in distor- and when the signal is recovered,
of recording, tape has a notoriously tion of the output waveform-dis- there is a complementary amplifier
limited packing density; you're al- tortion that does not strictly corres- array to undo the compression, con-
lowed just so many bits per inch. More pond to the spurious products we're trolled by information digitized along
information per time unit can be re- used to from analog devices, but with the program. The approach is
corded by increasing tape speed measurable by HD and IM analyzers quite similar to that used by the non-
(sometimes to absurdity), or it is cer- nonetheless, and just as audible. In linear amplifiers in the Dolby system
tainly possible to use several tape complex, high -level signals, quantiza- and other analog noise reducers. (In
tracks for one audio channel. How- tion error sounds like hiss (white fact, nonlinearcompanderand coding
ever, you're still at the mercy of those noise), although it doesn't come from schemes also turn up in digital sys-
imperfections in the tape that cause the tape or from thermal noise in the tems.) It's most reminiscent of the
dropouts. If the bit in the farthest -to- electronics. It is simply (I would guess) Dynatrack noise -reduction technique
the -right column (the "least signifi- the sum of highly randomized mis- that Mullin devised for 3M: recording
cant bit" or LSB) happens to get re- takes made by the recording system. high- and low -level signals on sepa-
corded on a tape dropout hole, the However, for simpler, low -level sig- rate tape tracks, whilst employing
consequences are not likely to be too nals, the audible character of quanti- high -gain electronics for the low -level
dire. But if it's the leftmost digit (MSB, zation noise changes. track.
or "most significant bit "), the perfor- Consider a sine wave so low in level
mance of your electronics must be that its fluctuating value is expressed Then Why Digital? According to
phenomenal if you don't get a dis- only by the least significant bit in the Blesser, none of the above will suc-
tinctly audible pop or other sonic system. The device that quantizes the ceed in reducing quantization error,
clunker as a result. waveform can at best indicate only its but it will convert the offensive noise
maximum values in the positive and into a form we can live with. Beyond
Sampling Rate. Leaving for the negative directions. There are no bits that, the way to reduce error is
moment the problem of recording left to chronicle the rate of its rise and to increase the number of bits
amplitude values, let's take a closer fall. To the quantizer, therefore, this available -an expensive remedy right
look at the time axis. Our "sampling" sine wave is indistinguishable from a now, but surely not for always. In
of the waveform is done at a uniform square wave, and a square wave, as we terms of naked semiconductor hard-
rate with samples separated by a know, possesses an infinite series of ware, a bit cost about 10 cents a few
more-or -less short space of time. How odd -order higher harmonics. Some of years ago; the price is now more like
frequently should we sample? The these harmonics will fall above the 1/10 of a cent (figures provided by
rule is that the sampling frequency highest frequency the sampler can Mahlon D. Burkhard at the Midwest
must be at least twice the highest sine handle, and up come the beat tones Acoustics Conference).
wave of frequency of interest -40 kHz again. Of course, no typical audio Is it worth all the trouble and ex-
for a 20 -kHz audio bandwidth, for ex- signal is a simple sine wave, so the pense? Again, perhaps not im-
ample. And in fact, we must do every- usual result is several beat tones, mediately, but it certainly will be
thing possible to prevent a signal fre- creating a dreadful, whining accom- someday. Several of the speakers at
quency higher than 20 kHz from reach- paniment to the music. the conference brought along tapes to
ing a 40 -kHz sampler. The reason is demonstrate digital audio at its worst
simple. A signal frequency above 20 The Fix Is In. To diminish the beat and best. It was obvious, even from a
kHz cannot be adequately sampled. tones, which are always much more brief listening, that digital's best is
When this state of affairs crops up, the annoying than the white -noise form of very good indeed. So let it come if it
signal is modulated by the sampling quantization error, there are a couple will; I'll buy it, if can afford it.
I
New 2lZjiagjHêathkit digital-design Color TV
Popular Electronics editors called the digital- design GR -2000 "the
color TV of the future." Now you can enjoy the same technology and
features in the new GR -2050 with the convenient, popular 21 -inch pic-
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On-screen electronic digital channel numbers -big, bright, bold, and
easy to read, even from across the room. On-screen electronic digital
clock time -low cost insurance against missed programs. In 12 or 24 12:3524
hour format, 4 or 6 digits. Silent, electronic, touch -tuning, thanks to
the combination VHF -UHF varactor tuner. No knobs to turn, nothing to
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grammable digital counter /channel selector -a
computer -like pro-
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ton and the counter silently sweeps up or down through all 16 chan-
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Exclusive fixed ten- section LC bandpass filter -does away with ad-
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it never needs instrument alignment.
100% solid- state -with more ICs than any other set and a black nega-
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Easy to build with modular circuits. Easy to service with built -in digi-
tal dot generator, check -out meter, and slide -out service drawer. Build
the GR -2050 TV of the future...Remote, $89.95. Cabinets from $119.95*
New 21/2 -digit Heathkit DMM -only $79.95

Full function capability. Four overlapping AC & DC voltage & current ranges plus
five resistance ranges with accuracy of 1% on DCV, 1.5% on ACV, 1.5% on AC
& DC current, and 2% on resistance. Ranges: (full scale) DCV, 2, 20, 200, 1000V;
ACV, 2, 20, 200, 700V rms (25 Hz to 10 kHz); DC current, 2, 20, 200, 2000 mA;
AC current, 2, 20, 200, 2000 mA (25 Hz to 10 kHz); Ohms, 200, 2k, 20k, 200k,
2000k ohms. Lighted panel indicators show overrange, positive and negative DC
voltages and current at a glance. All solid -state design uses IC circuitry for a
clear non -blinking display with up -date every 16 msec. One megohm input im-
pedance with overload protection on all ranges; automatic decimal positioning;
isolated floating ground; universal banana jack inputs; 120 or 240 VAC opera-
tion; one circuit board for easy assembly; blue & white heavy-duty metal case.
Kit IM -1212, $79.95; Assembled SM -1212, $125 *.
New Digital Tachometer is faster than New Breakerless Ignition Adapter devel-
New Model Railroad Control Center/ any meter -type tach. Numbers whirl by ops timing signal electronically so your
Power Supply provides acceleration and to show peak performance level your car is timed correctly at all speeds and
braking of unsurpassed realism plus engine reaches. Great for monitoring stays correct for longer periods. For use
power for two HO or N -gauge engines best cruising RPM for your car, camper, with C -D ignition systems only, it replaces
and accessories. Throttle slide control boat (inboard or outboard), planes, cy- the points of all pre -1975 GM V -8 and V -6
plus 5- position Brake switch (Run, Re- cles, mowers, tractors, even stationary engines, and all AMC V -8s with external
lease, Normal, Quick- Service, Emer- engines. 2 -digit electronic readout shows dwell adjustment. Unit mounts under
gency), and Mode switch (Momentum or RPMs from 100 to 9900 in 100 RPM hood; sensor mounts in distributor with-
Direct). Adjustable pulse width and fre- steps. For 4, 6, or 8 cyl., 4 -cycle engines; out removing points (switch returns en-
quency allow accurate control at low 2, 3, or 4 cyl. 2 -cycle engines; 2, 3, or gine to point timing when you wish).
speeds, eliminate "jack rabbit' starts.
Voltage control optimizes for each en-
4 -rotor Wankel engines; conventional,
C -D, or factory electron" ignitions (12 v.
Operates from -
37.2 °C to +85 °C. Easy
to build. Kit CP -1051, $44.95'.
gine. One circuit board; builds in two neg. grnd. only). Black die -cast case with
evenings. Kit RP -1065, $79.95 *. bracket. Kit CI -1079, $49.95`.
Send for
FREE
Catalog
HEATHKIT ELECTRONIC CENTERS -
Units of Schlumberger Products Corporation HEATH Heath Company,
Retail prices slightly higher. Dept. 10 -08
Schlumberger Benton Harbor, MI 49022
ARIZ.: Phoenix; CALIF.: Anaheim, El Cerrito, Los Angeles, Pomona, Redwood
Please send my free 1975 Heathkit Catalog.
City, San Diego ,(La Mesa), Woodland Hills; COLO.: Denver; CONN.: Hartford
(Avon); FLA.: Miami (Hialeah), Tampa; GA.: Atlanta; ILL.: Chicago, Downers
Grove; IND.: Indianapolis; KANSAS: Kansas City (Mission); KY.: Louisville; LA.:
New Orleans (Kenner); MD.: Baltimore, Rockville; MASS.: Boston (Wellesley);
ADDRESS
MICH.: Detroit; MINN.: Minneapolis (Hopkins); MO.: St. Louis (Bridgeton); NEB.:
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CITY STATE 2IP
Rochester, White Plains; OHIO: Cincinnati (Woodlawn), Cleveland, Columbus,
.PRICES ARE FACTORY MAIL ROER. F09
Toledo; PA.: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh; R.I.: Providence (Warwick); TEXAS: Dallas, PRICES s sPECiFICArioHS SUBJECT IO CHANGE wiTHOUT NOTICE. CL-568
Houston; VA.: Norfolk (Va. Beach); WASH.: Seattle; WIS.: Milwaukee. IL. J
AUGUST 1975 25
66(BRIM90900 111115.11kre
powERpvL:..
p "PENETR.4T/NG::.
"Cris id.
Speech Compression is built -in every Johnson CB radio.
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Waseca, Minnesota 56093 In Canada: A. C. Simmonds & Sons, Ltd.

Popular Electronics'
CONSTRUCTION AUGUST 1975
A DIGITAL TIMER SCOREBOARD

FOR ATHLETIC EVENTS
Gymnasium -sized digital readouts simultaneously time up or down
and keep score. Ideal for schools and amateur sports groups.
BY PHILIP HARMS
--
ELECTRONIC timers and score- The project has two independent the time and will start to operate
boards for athletic events are modes of operation timing and (either up or down) when timing is re-
often too expensive for amateur or- score displaying both remotely sumed.
ganizations and small school groups. controlled. Usually, the time is dis- The four -digit readout can be set to
This is particularly true of a display played, but while the score is being indicate a preset score. When the time
that can be read across a gymnasium displayed, the internal electronic is displayed, a colon is lit between the
or stadium. The combination timer/ clock keeps operating so that the time two sets of digits. For a score, there is
scoreboard described here can be display is always available. In addition, no colon. Provision is also made for an
built with readily available compo- the timing can be made to run back- instant test of all the display lamps.
nents (TTL logic), many of which can ward and the operator can start the The electronic portion of the
be obtained from surplus dealers. timer at any selected time and run the scoreboard control is easily assem-
Though variations on the display are time up or down from that point. If it is bled on printed circuit boards.
possible, the prototype has four sev- desired to stop the timing (for time - Though some carpentry is involved in
en- segment digits, each one foot high. outs in basketball or football), this can the construction of the display, it is not
It can be built for about $100. also be done. The readouts will hold beyond the capability of a high -school
AUGUST 1975 27
Photo of interior of prototype display board shows how lamps
are placed in each segment and for colon. Note plastic
front panel with all but figures painted flat black.
student. Ordinary 71/2 -watt lamps Circuit Operation. An overall logic Control Box. The control switches
(Christmas -tree type) are used to il- diagram is shown in Fig. 1. Portions of for the various functions are shown in
luminate the display. The remote con- the circuit are shown in individual Fig. 2. All of the circuits to which they
trol board and the display are con- schematics and will be discussed are connected are terminated in resis-
nected by a multiconductor cable. separately. tors connected to the 5 -volt line.
!
1000'S B
100'S B
53 D
10'S B
C
I'S. B
LAMP TEST I I
S7
LOAD t I
S4 I
CONTROL S5 TIME /SCORE T I I I I I 1 I I
BOX DOWN /UP t

(FIG 2)
S9
56
SB
RESET
RUN
1II II
ND
i iii A B C
SECONDS DECODER
DI EI
(FIG 4)
G A B C D E G
CARRY
BORRO
A B C
MINUTES DEC OD ER
(FIG 5)
F G C D E G
+5V
UNIT SECONDS IdS SECONDS MINUTES 10'S MINUTES

COLON
RELAY BOARD
(FIG 6)
CO
CLK
,i7VAC
RUN RE ET
POWER SUPPLY
AND
CLOCK
(FIG 3)
1_
1H
+5V
+9V
SEGMENT POWER
Fig. 1. Overall block diagram of the system.

Schematics of individual sections are identified by figure number.
'uI.uu
'' DISPLAY
rUYULAM tLCl,I1fUPIR,
S3
C
1000'S
B
C
100' S
B
C
10'S
B
A
C
I'S
B
Interior of. flu two clr ct,

ol,ic chassis. The power supply, A
main electronic board, and relay board for two digits are in S7
one chassis. Relay boards for other two digits are in second chassis.
0--LAMP TEST
Thus, when the switches are open, the counter). To prevent contact bounce
LOAD
lines indicate a logic state.1 from the RUN switch from producing S4
0--0/
0-
The four sections of thumbwheel false signals, the switch signal is con- 40--TIME/SCORE
'.SCORE
switch S3 have a complementary BCD ditioned by /C7. The latter operates S5
output. Each section has a common IC1OC (an AND gate) to allow the 60-Hz -ß-c76 SSS
DOWN /UP
wiper contact and four output lines. signal to pass to the countdown cir- Sa
RESET
System ground is tied to each com- cuits.
mon line and the selected code is pre- $ RUN
sented at the output terminals. The Seconds Decoder. this circuitIn S9
complementary BCD code is as fol- (Fig. 4), IC12 is an up /down counter GND
lows: (C = closed contact; O = open whose direction is controlled by S6 in

contact) the control box. Note that the 1 -Hz Fig. 2. Control box
signal is applied to IC12 through two determines operation
D C B A
sections of IC10. These gates control of the system.
Digit 8 4 2 1
Connection to rest
0 C C C C
the up and down count lines. When
of system is through
the unit is set to time up, the -Hz clock
1 C C C O 1
multiconductor cable.
2 C C O C
is routed to pin 5. For count down, the
3 C C O O
input is to pin 4.
4 C O C C
02 02
5 C O C O IN4001 2N3055
TI +5V
6 C O O C
01
7 C O O O 2N5225
150
6.3V 11
8 O C C C
+
117VAC
9 O C C O C3
4000 1000PF
yF
Power Supply and Clock. The sys-
tem requires two power supplies (Fig. R2
3). One, using a two- transistor reg- 6.2V

ulator, provides +5 volts for the logic. GND
C2
The other is a simple rectifier (D4) and D4 + 2000yF
AC TO IN4001
filter (C2) circuit to provide 9 volts for SEGMENT
LAMPS
+9V
the segment relays.

The 117 -volt ac supply is applied to 22011
R3 R4
R5
22011
IK
the display lamps to light each seg- 7
ment. When S2 is closed, the full ac xC7

7474 RUN
supply is applied to provide a bright C4 5 14

4700 pF R6
display. With S2 open, diode D1 per- IK
mits only the positive half cycles to be

applied to the lamps, producing a 10 II
I
II
10
14 5 17-171 5
dimmer display. 5 2C8

74121 I TT
1
9
ZCIOC 6 I
7492
ZC9 S 14 ZCII
7490
1Hz
7400
Integrated circuit IC8 is a one-shot 6 7 10 7-1-7"-T
6 7 I
multivibrator which provides a clean RESET
60-Hz pulse from the ac supply so that I I

CLK
any noise on the power line can't
cause false timing. This pulse is then Fig..3. Regulated .5-volt .supply is used for TTL.
coupled to IC9 (a divide -by -six The 60 -Hz is counted down to produce 1 -Hz clock pulse for timing.
AUGUST 1975 29
A
9 8
9
10
PARTS LIST 200 IC24C LOAD
CI- 4000 -pF, 15 -V tantalum capacitor IC24A

C2- 2000 -µF, 15 -V
tantalum capacitor 71
C3- 1000 -pF, 15 -V tantalum capacitor D
C4- 4700 -pF, 100 -V ceramic capacitor

CS to C 10- 0.1 -pF, I00 -V ceramic capa-
citor
DI,D2,D4-Diode (1N4001 or similar)
D3 -6.2 -V zener diode 4
IC23A
D5 to D33-1N914 diode 5
lad Fig. 4. (A), left,
F1 -2A fuse and holder
12
3
0
Il to 130- 117-V, 71/2-W incandescent and (B), belote,

lamp are schematics of
IC1,1C2,1C12,1C17 -74192 decade F units and tens of
up/down counter seconds stages.
1C3,1C4,1C13,IC18-8233 quad 2 -to-1
multiplexer CLK
IC5,IC6.1C14,IC19 -7447 BCD -to -7-
segment decoder
IC7 -7474 dual -D flip -flop
IC8 -74121 monostable multivibrator
1C9 -7492 divide -by -6/12 counter
ICIO -7400 quad 2 -input NAND gate
=CK
IC238
Q 9 + 5V
IC11 -7490 decade counter CL

RIS
1C15,IC16 -74153 dual 4-to -1 multi- 6 2 2K
plexer RESET
IC20 -7404 hex inverter
1C21,1C22 -74H21 dual 4-input AND
gate
IC23 -7473 dual JK flip -flop
1'8 SWITCH 53 10'5 SWITCH
IC24 -7410 triple 3-input NAND gate
K l to K29- 12- V reed relay +5V Á B C + V +5V
QI,Q3- 2N5225 transistor R14 RI5
Q2- 2N3055 transistor R17
/ --
I I
n,
RI- 150-ohm, -W resistor R13 RI6
/
I
R2,R5,R6,R11-1000 -ohm, -W resis-

1
I I
A
tor
/
B
R8 I
R3,R4-220 -ohm, I -W resistor
R7 to RIO, R12 to R26 -2200 -ohm, 1/2-W I
resistor 51 6110 III 4 12 13 3 14 2 4 12 13 3 14 2
R27- 4700 -ohm, 1/2.-W resistor '6.111 pp pp
IC15 15 15 ICI6
SI -Dpst switch
7 9 7 9
S2,S4,S6,S9 -Spst switch
S3- Four -decade thumbwheel switch
(EECO 1776 or similar)
S5 -Spst switch
S7- Normally open spst pushbutton
switch
S8- Normally closed spst pushbutton 2
12 5
15 10 9
12
switch -CARRY
IH= 4 ICI2 31 IC I?
Tl- 6.3 -V, 2 -A filament transformer
4 14 III I
I
I I
I I 4
14
BORROW
Misc. -Heat sink kit for Q2; lamp sock-

5 ICIOB p--
ets (30); hookup wire; I" x 2" wood
J
I II I I I I
strips for display frame; pegboard for

I
RESET
display back; translucent white plastic E
for display front, glossy white or silver

paint; flat black paint; thin wood or
LOAD
2I
9
SI III I41 j 61
G
RII ICI3
metal strips for segment dividers; suit- 7 6 15 10 2 5 II 141
31 41121131
able metal chassis; multiconductor TIME/ IC18
SCORE
cable; press -on type; mounting hard-
ware; line cord; perforated board; IC + 5V
121 131
7 2 6 7141
sockets (24); component mounting ;I
clips; etc. R12 IC14 IC19
I
LAMP
131 121 III 101 91 151 141 131 12 10 9 15 14
TEST
I
A
I1
BC
I
D
I
E
I
F
I
G A B C D E F G
UNIT SECONDS 10'S SECONDS

SEGMENTS SEGMENTS
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
100'5 SWITCH S3 1000'9 SWITCH
+5v + 5V
ing down, the sequence is 5- 4-3-2-
s B C D Á B C D
R19
Rzo
III I 1
R2 3
V
RN 2VQN.
1-0-5-4 etc.
The feedback to produce this logic
I
R I I
is implemented as follows (for the up
R22 R26 count; the down count logic is identi-
cal). When the counter cycles from 5
to 6, we want it to replíce the 6 with a
O. The 6 count from IC' 7 is sensed by
IO 9 15 I 101 91 IC21A and the resulti g high state

12
CARRY
4
IC
131 4
IC2 presented to the J (pi 14) input of
BORROW 74192 I
74192
111141 31 21 61 71 14 II 3 2 6 7
IC23A is stored. The high outpUt of
RESET IC23A causes 1C17 to enter a load
I I I
LOAD
21 51 111141 I 6 IO 15 2 5 II 14 6 IO 15
condition; and, at the some time, 1C14
GND IC4 IC3 and IC16 (arranged a5 a four-pole,
8233 8233 four-position switch) force a count of
31 41121131 4 12 13
TIME/
SCORE
r91 0 into the counter. When this 0 is de-
tected by IC23A, the load command is
1 1 1
LAMP -
1
TEST 71 I1 21 61 2 6
IC5 I06 removed and the counter continues to

RI9- R26.2.2K
ICI -IC6: PIN 16 TO +59 131121 III
7447
IOI 91 151141
4 131121
7447
1111 91151141
time from the 0 state. While the invalid
PINS TO GND 6 digit would be displayed, it is only for
A B C D E FI G A B C D E F G 1/60 of a second and will not be ob-
UNIT MINUTES
SEGMENTS
0'S MINUTES
SEGMENTS served. IC15 is wired for a code of 0
Fig. .5. Schematic of the units and tens of minutes stages. (used during time up) and a code of 5
Part of circuit is also used to preset the score. (used during time down), with the BCD
LAMPI COLOy
AC 1
12
When pin 11 of IC12 is low, the BCD
present on pins 15, 1, 10, and 9 is
loaded into the counter; and when tim- + 9V
ing begins, it starts from this preset D5

code. The preset code is generated in SEG A
KI
the applicable thumbwheel switch in

the control box.
When the counter is being clocked R27
TIME/
(up or down), carry and borrow lines SCORE
(FIG.1)
cascade IC12 to ICI 7, another decade
up /down counter that forms the 10's SEG B
of seconds counter. Each time IC12

reaches a zero on its up count, an out- GPM
put pulse increments IC17. Likewise,

NOTE: OTHER THAN 03 CIRCUIT,
on a down count, a borrow pulse is ONE OF FOUR DIGITS
generated for every zero transition. In- SEG
tegrated circuit IC13 acts as a four -
pole, two -position switch. When pin 9
is low (indicating a score display), the
BCD code from the thumbwheel
switch is routed to IC14. When pin 9 is
SEG D
high, the BCD from counter IC12 is
routed to IC13. Note that changing the
display from TIME to SCORE does not
affect the timing operation. The
selected output from 1C13 is decoded
in IC14 and converted to seven - SEG E
segment format with the standard

segment (A through G) designations. D
SEGMENT
Decade counters can be cascaded IDENTIFICATION
for as many digits as required. How-

ever, since a minute consists of 60 SEG F
seconds (not 100), external circuitry

must be added to 1C17 to make it a
divide -by -six counter. This is not too r7
much of a problem, except that both
up and down counting are involved. SEG G
K7
For counting, up, the sequence must Fig. 6. There is one relay board for each digit in display.
be 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-0-1 -2 etc.; while for count- Relay circuit for colon display is on only one board.
AUGUST 1975 31
code from the thumbwheel switch
routed into the counter during the
normal loading time.
The minutes and tens of minutes
decoders are shown in Fig. 5. These
are conventional circuits receiving
+9V ) TO
BUZZER
their instructions from the control

box.
Relay Board. The outputs of the

BCD -to- seven -segment decoders INPUTS
FROM
(IC14, IC19, /C5, and IC6) are con- COUNTERS
nected to their respective reed relay
coils shown in Fig. 6. Other than the
colon circuit, the reed -relay circuits
are duplicated for each digit on the
display. One side of each relay coil is
connected to the nine -volt supply and
the other to the decoder output. The
Fig. 7. This optional circuit can take the outputs
diode across each coil eliminates the
from the counters and connect power to sound
inductive spike that is generated when a horn accessory when the time is 00:00.
the segment drive voltage is removed.
The switching is arranged so that each
117 -volt segment lamp is placed in the circuits in a smaller box (8" x 12" x3 "). the lamps for each segment so that the
circuit as its reed relay operates. Other, possibly smaller arrangements light did not spill over. Black masking
Transistor Q3 saturates when the could be used; but if overall size is not tape can also be used to avoid light
TIME switch on the control box is op- important, the extra room facilitates spill.
erated. This energizes K29 and /29 and wiring and maintenance. The front face can be secured to the
130 to form the colon. Since the logic circuits operate at frame in any way that will provide a
low frequencies, special layouts are good overall appearance. Keep in
Horn Option. An additional circuit not necessary. However, since there mind that the front may have to be
(not included in the prototype) can be are current spikes flowing in the 5-volt removed to replace lamps. A light
used to sound a horn or buzzer at zero and ground leads, it is a good idea to shade can be added over the top of the
time (Fig. 7). The BCD code from each insert bypass capacitors (0.1 µF) be- front to make the digits more visible in
counter is routed to its own four -input tween each 5-volt line and ground. bright ambient light. It has been found
NOR gate (7425). When all lines are at Decoupling all counter IC's is also a that yellow lamps in the display pro-
a zero level (zero time), the output of good idea. vide better definition. However, avoid
four -input NAND gate (7420) goes low The control box can be connected lamps rated at more than 71/2 watts, or
causing the SR flip -flop composed of to the electronic circuits through a the reed relays may be damaged. If
the two 7400 NAND gates to produce a length of multiconductor cable, or the brighter lamps are needed, an extra
high state. This state is retained until control box can be mounted on the driving stage (with SCR's or triacs) will
the RESET switch on the control box is larger package. be necessary.
operated. The output transistor is The display board can be con-
used to operate a relay whose switch structed to fit your needs. The pro- Operation. The controls are as fol-
contacts should have the capability of totype was 48" long and 14" high. A lows:
handling the current demand of the wooden frame was constructed. The THUMBWHEEL SWITCH: Used to set in
selected horn or buzzer. Any relay that front face was made of translucent the time and score.
can operate at 9 volts can be used and white plastic (available from most LAMP TEST: Lights all segments of all
the transistor should have sufficient building supply stores) the same size digits for testing.
collector current (when saturated) to as the frame. The face was prepared LOAD: Timer is forced to time set by
operate the relay coil. by masking out the four digits (seven thumbwheel switches.
segments each) and the colon on the TIME /SCORE: In the TIME position, the
Construction. The electronic cir- back of the face. The back was then display indicates the preset time and
cuits can be wired on perforated sprayed with flat black paint so that the colon is lit. In SCORE, the colon is
boards, using sockets for the IC's. No only digits and colon remained trans- dark and the display indicates the
particular arrangement is required. lucent. score preset on the thumbwheel
The circuits can be grouped on boards Pegboard was used to mount the switches.
as shown in the schematics, but sepa- lights and provide ventilation. After DOWN: Makes the timer count down
rate boards will be required for each cutting the board to size, it was from preset time. If switch is not
relay system (Fig. 6). (Only one colon painted glossy white (or silver) to add closed, time counts up from preset
circuit is needed.) In the prototype, brightness to the lamps. A 71/2 -watt time.
most of the circuits, including two sets lamp socket was mounted at the RESET: Returns timer to all zeroes.
of segment lamp drivers, were assem- center of each segment and wired as RUN: Starts timer. When opened, the
bled in one aluminum box (12" x 17" x shown in Fig. 6. Pressboard or sheet timer stops. (This switch is useful for
3 ") with the other two segment driver aluminum was then used to separate time -out periods.)
mow en CI CfTDOLOPC
What they are, how they work,
d how you can de n your own.
W4,./
FOR H IFI
BY LEONARD FELDMAN
THE FIRST thing you're likely The Crossover Network. With a In a simple two- driver speaker sys-
to learn about loudspeaker sys- single source of power energizing all tem, the typical circuit of a crossover
tems, whether through experience or of the drivers in a multi- speaker sys- network would look like that shown in
by reading about them, is that differ- tem, a device is needed to direct the Fig. 1A. The lower part of the network
ent speakers are needed for different proper portions of the audio band to would deliver to the woofer low fre-
portions of the audio spectrum. You their respective speakers. This device quencies up to some predetermined
need a woofer to handle deep bass is usually a passive capacitor/inductor point based on the values of inductor
tones and a tweeter to handle the network. L1 and capacitor Cl. Beyond the
highs. Very often, one or more extra
speakers are used to handle the mid-
range, upper bass range, and the
super highs.
The analogy is often made between
a multi- driver (speaker) system and a
human choral group in which basses,
baritones, tenors, mezzo- sopranos,
and coloraturas are all needed to
cover the spectrum of songs created
by composers. The analogy is valid
only up to a point. The chorus is
"powered" by as many human beings
as there are voices, each supplying the
acoustic "watts" for his or her range
of frequencies. The multi- driver
speaker system, on the other hand, is
usually powered by a single amplifier, The Crown International Model VFX-2 two-channel
feeding all drivers simultaneously. crossover network has .fixed 18-dB/octave rollgff
AUGUST 1975 33
selected point, all higher frequencies low- distortion fixed capacitors of high is shown in Fig. 2B.) How much power
would be attenuated, or "rolled off," at value. For example, if the speakers to would the amplifier now have to de-
a rate of 12 dB /octave by the lower be driven are rated at 8 ohms, L1 and liver to the speaker load? If you said
portion of the network. L2 would have to be about 2 mH in 100 watts, you are wrong. The com-
The upper portion of the network inductance. Since low- frequency bined 50 -Hz and 1000 -Hz tone
would be designed to pass all fre- audio current will be flowing through waveform would look like that shown
quencies beyond a certain point, de- Li within the pass band, the inductor in Fig. 2C. At 40 volts rms, its am-
termined by the values of C2 and L2. must be made from fairly heavy wire so plitude would be exactly twice that of
All frequencies below that point would that its dc resistance will be negligible either waveform by itself.
be attenuated at a rate of 12 dB/ oc- and the power dissipated within it will Since power varies as the square of
tave. be minimal. The values for Cl and C2 the voltage (P = E2/Z, where P is power
The response curves of both parts of would be greater than 30 µF, and in watts, E is voltage, and Z is the im-
the network are shown in Fig. 1B. The complicating matters would be the pedance of the speaker load), the am-
intersection of the curves is called the fact that these capacitors would have plifier would actually have to deliver
crossover point or frequency. Most to be nonpolarized. 200 watts to the load. An amplifier
crossover networks are designed so rated at 50 watts would have clipped
that the crossover point is 3 dB below Power and Harmonics. Modern re- the waveform horribly.
(half) the levels of the frequencies corded music hasmuch more
within the pass band of each part of dynamic range than was contained in a I
the network. Theoretically, if the recordings of a few years ago. This INPUT C2
FROM
TWEETER
crossover is at 600 Hz, the woofer and means that audio amplifiers must be POWER
AMP
the tweeter will each produce sounds able to respond to sudden large tran-
that are only half of that required at sient peaks and deliver accurate rep-
this frequency. The combined sound licas of high -amplitude signal wave-
power would then equal that required LI
forms without clipping or distorting.
by the original signal (1/2 + 1/2 = 1). To make matters worse, most popular CI WOOFER
When the theory is put into practice, sealed -enclosure speaker systems re-
problems often develop. What is sel- quire much more power for a given
dom mentioned concerning passive amount of sound output than did their
crossover networks is that even the large vented predecessors.
best of them introduce time -delay dis- Suppose that during a given instant
tortion in the region of the crossover of music the amplifier is called upon to 0
/7\
frequency. This occurs for a variety of deliver a few cycles of 50 -Hz tone at 20 20
reasons, including unequal phase de- volts rms. Assume that the amplifier 8
lays between the two halves of the will develop and deliver 50 watts of 30
network, differences in response power to the speaker output termi-
characteristics, differences in the ve- nals, to which an 8 -ohm speaker sys- 10 100 IK IOK 20K
FREQUENCY-142
locity of the sound coming from the tem is connected. If the amplifier is
Fig. i. (A) L/(' crossover networks
woofer and the tweeter, and many rated at 50 watts /channel output
(12 (lBloctace) and (B) response.
other variables. power, the signal waveform might ap-
Even if an ideal crossover network pear as shown in Fig. 2A.
were designed, the manufacturer Now, suppose that simultaneous When an amplifier clips off the tops
would still be faced with the problem with the 50 -Hz tone a 1000 -Hz burst, and bottoms of a musical waveform, it
of having to fabricate very large value also at 20 volts rms, appears at the creates unwanted harmonics (multi-
inductances and buying low -loss, output of the amplifier. (Its waveform ples of the desired frequencies that
were not in the original signal
waveform). Worse still, since the har-
monics might contain high- energy
content and, being at higher and
higher frequencies, some harmonics
might pass right through the upper fil-
ter section of the crossover network
and be fed to the tweeter. The network
cannot discriminate between the high
frequencies that are really part of the
music and high frequencies gener-
ated by harmonic distortion, but the
tweeter can. It is accustomed to ac-
commodating musical high frequen-
cies that usually contain much less
energy than is ordinarily contained in
ae,olvcen s.ec,nw.cc.swe.
rervws. boe r_ex the middle- and low- frequency regis-
ters. Faced with having to handle un-
natural amounts of high- frequency
U.S. Pioncer Electronics Model SF -850 crossover network energy, the tweeter either distorts
pro?ides.tor selection of 6 -, 12 -, or 18 -dB /octane slopes. badly or it burns out.
impedance is the impedance of the
CIRCUIT VALUES speaker elements themselves. So, in
FOR LOW -LEVEL NETWORKS such crossover networks, it is difficult
to vary crossover frequency without
changing the values of both the
capacitors and inductors. In the case
FR0 M TO HIGH
PREAMP FREQUENCY of low-level crossover networks work-
OUTPUT POWER AMP ing into the high- impedance input of
an amplifier, an arbitrary resistance
can be used to terminate the filter sec-
tions. It is, therefore, possible to work
TO LOW out a filter network for specific cross-
FREQUENCY
POWER AMP
over frequencies using a fixed value of
inductance and varying the values of
the capacitors and terminating resis-
tors.
Frequency Cl (NF) R1 (ohms) C2 (µF) R2 (ohms) Listed in the table are the compo-
1500
nent values for several popular cross-
' 500 Hz 0.04 0.06 1500
1200 Hz 0.062 1200 0.10 1200 over frequencies. These values apply
1000 Hz 0.01 1000 0.15 1000 to the crossover network shown. The
800 Hz 0.20 790 0.25 790 resistances have been chosen to be
650 Hz 0.25 600 0.40 600 low enough so that the parallel input
impedance of the following power
Clipping also causes a great deal of hind the current switch to bi- amplifiers will have little or no effect
intermodulation (IM) distortion to ap- amplification and tri- amplification, a on the frequency response character-
pear at the output of the amplifier. IM technique that has been used in pro- istic available at the woofer (low -
distortion, consisting of the sum and fessional studio monitoring and other frequency) and tweeter (high -fre-
difference between the two desired professional sound applications for quency) outputs.
frequencies, is far more annoying to years. Hi -fi enthusiasts who have rec- Low -level crossover networks have
the average listener than simple har- ognized the many advantages of a further advantage in that the termi-
monic distortion. multiple -amplifier /speaker systems nation is purely resistive and unvary-
Suppose that instead of feeding have also made the switch, usually by ing. Part of the problem with passive
both tones to the same amplifier we fabricating their own low-level filter networks introduced between the
fed each tone to a separate amplifier networks from scratch. amplifier and speaker system is that
and connected the woofer to one am- Making your own filter (crossover) they are presumed to terminate in a
plifier and the tweeter to the other am- network is not a formidable task. The constant impedance when in fact the
plifier. If each amplifier were rated at low-level network is introduced ahead impedance of each driver coupled to
50 watts or more output power, there of the power amplifiers in a system, the network varies widely with fre-
would be no clipping. The woofer usually between preamplifier and quency. Consequently, the carefully
would receive pure 50 -Hz energy, power amplifiers, and is therefore fed chosen capacitor and inductor values
while the tweeter would receive the from a low- impedance source and seldom yield the optimized transfer
same amplitude 1000 -Hz tone. drives a high- impedance load. As a re- characteristic shown in Fig. 1B. In
The sound power delivered to the sult, capacitor values become quite fact, a typical curve might exhibit a
listener would be exactly the same as low, while inductances -though somewhat random transfer charac-
if a single 200-watt amplifier, plus the greater in value-are not required to teristic as in Fig. 3.
conventional crossover network, had handle appreciable power and can be The situation becomes even more
been used, and there would be no quite small in size. complex when an attempt is made to
harmonic or IM distortion created at In passive crossover networks that design an 18 -dB /octave passive
the output of either amplifier or driver are connected between the amplifier crossover network such as shown in
element. This is the driving force be- and speaker system, the terminating Fig. 4. The reason is that this filter con-
Fly. 2. At (A) is 50-Hz, 20-V amplifier output tone; (B) is 1000 -Hz tone at same
/»litude; (C) is (A) and (B) combined with twice the cottage and four times the power.
AUGUST 1975 35
over frequencies for the particular sys- There is one precaution you should
tem and experiment with different take if you embark on a multiple -
slope rates for each of the two cross- amplifier project. Normally, when a
over points to determine which are the manufacturer installs a passive cross-
220 best. over network inside his speaker en-
0
With the other two level controls in closure, he takes pains to make sure
30
the crossover system turned fully that all drivers are connected in phase.
down in each case, adjust each level (This is particularly important when
10 loo 10K 20K
FREQUENCY -H. control in turn to obtain a random - connecting woofers and midrange
noise level reading of about 80 dB on drivers which, if accidentally hooked
Fig. .3. Idealized response of the SLM in each of the three bands. up out-of- phase, will cause their out-
Fig. i way actually be like this. Carefully note the exact setting of puts to cancel.) In the case of an elec-
each control as it is set. tronic crossover network and as-
figuration is also based on the as- Next, set all level controls to the sorted power amplifiers, there is no
sumption that the termination is a noted positions, and play some music guarantee that the various speakers in
constant -resistance load. through the system. As you listen to a system are wired in accordance with
Attempting to make the crossover the reproduced music, you might have the phasing indicated at the terminals.
network variable to compensate for to touch up the setting of one or two of Unless you are using identical
loudspeaker characteristics, listening
environments, and listener prefer-
the level controls to make the system power amplifiers for each driver -a
response as flat and neutral sounding rather expensive approach since in
ences is an almost hopeless task. as possible. Differences in individual most cases the tweeter does not need
Many manufacturers resort to simple speaker efficiencies and gains in the nearly as much power as do the mid-
L -pad controls that provide a means three power amplifiers might require range speaker and woofer-different
for adjusting the level of the energy widely different control settings in amplifiers might have different num-
fed to the driver itself, after the cross- each band, but this should be of no bers of stages. Ordinarily, each stage
over network. This further upsets the concern as long as the overall musical produces a 180° phase shift of the
impedance relationships between the response is smooth and flat when you waveform fed to it. So, you might well
theoretically designed network com- are finished. have one amplifier with an odd
ponents and their termination. It is Once the system is set up via the number of stages, with the result that
also quite difficult to design a passive controls on the active crossover net- the signals at their outputs will be 180°
crossover network with one slope rate work, the volume control on the pre- out -of -phase with each other.
for attenuating the low- frequency amplifier then becomes the system's Since you might not be able to in-
signals and another slope rate for at- master volume control. terpret the number of stages merely by
tenuating the high- frequency signals. looking at the amplifier's schematic,
But this is exactly the type of response the best way to solve the phasing prob-
that is often desirable with certain lem is by trial and error. Even in a
WOOFER
speaker combinations. For example, (IMPEDANCE
three -way system, there are only four
=Zw)
we might want to roll off the low fre- possible ways to hook up the mid-
quencies fed to the woofer at an range speaker and tweeter with re-
18 -dB /octave rate, while rolling off the
spect to the woofer. So, establish a
middle or high frequencies fed to the connection to the woofer and then try
TWEETER
midrange driver or tweeter at a more (IMPEDANCE
ZT) the four combinations of midrange
gradual 12 -dB /octave rate. and tweeter connections one by one.
Play only a single (mono) system at
Setting Up a System. It is more dif- LI=
3Zw
C2
I
one time to avoid confusion, and listen

4irfc 37rfcZT
ficult to set up a multi -amplifier system for the combination of connections
Z,
than it is to set up a single-amplifier L2=
4nfc
C3-
irfcZT that gives the fullest, widest -range
system. Getting the volume -control 3ZT sound. You will be able to tell when the
2
settings for the woofer, mid -range, CI =
37rfcZ,
L3=
8nfc system is in -phase just by listening to
and tweeter amplifiers just right for a ordinary musical program material.
smooth energy response from the Fig... An 18- dBloctare network;
lowest bass to the highest treble re- farnrnlas for calculating values.
quires more care and a sound level In Conclusion. Multiple -amplifier
meter. (Very few of us can judge abso- The differences between single- and systems are not for everyone. In gen-
lute sound levels at all frequencies multiple -amplifier systems begin to eral, the loudspeaker systems chosen
without the aid of some metering de- become very obvious as volume levels for multiple -amplification applica-
tions should be relatively efficient,
vice.) Most SLM's sell for hundreds of
-
dollars, but Radio Shack has one
the No. 33 -1028 that retails for only
- are increased. At the level where a
single -amplifier system would begin
to have audible distortion, the
which would make them large and un-
suited for bookshelf placement.
$49.95. multiple -amplifier system will still If your present speaker systems are
Here is one way you might set up an sound clean and distortion -free. of the small bookshelf variety,
active-crossover-netwo rk/tri-ampl if ier Further increases in volume will only chances are good that they are also
system using an FM tuner set between make the distortion more intolerable sealed -enclosure units. If they are
stations to serve as a wide -spectrum in the single -amplifier system, while sealed, you might not want to tear
noise generator and an SLM. First, de- the multiple -amplifier system will still into them -especially if they are ex-
termine which are the proper cross- be going strong. pensive and still under warranty. O
Pnalll AD Ca orronuIre
t4%3SICIIL "Isp4
.i%
,- -:t =
WITH SYNTHESIZED SOUND

How the sounds of traditional instruments
can be produced electronically
BY DON LANCASTER
IN A previous article ( "Timbre and some organ pipes, or diapasons, have The formant or fixed -filter method (or
and Voicing Circuits for Electronic strong second harmonics, obtained a voltage -controlled filter with a fixed
Music," June 1975), we discussed by adding extra energy (usually more input reference) is normally best for
techniques for altering the tonal qual- than is available in an unmodified saw - synthesizing traditional musical in-
ity of a basic waveform to produce the tooth) at twice the fundamental fre- strument sounds, although a tracking
desired musical effects. Now, we can quency. Filtered noise forms the basis filter or vcf is useful for changing har-
consider specific ways of synthesizing for many of the percussion instru- monic content during note decay and
the sounds of given traditional musi- ments, particularly drums. for sympathetic resonance effects.
cal instruments. Once we know how to While any of these techniques is a Precise control of many harmonics,
accomplish this, we can go on to de- good place to start and can produce a preferably the first 30 or so involved,
signing our own "voices" for the in- "clarinet- like" or a "trumpet- like" is required for successful voicing.
struments. (Imitating an instrument is tone, they will all sound less than real. Synthesis techniques that use or build
called "voicing." Proper voicing can So, let us look at some basic voicing up only the first few harmonics are
make an electronic instrument, while principles to find out what is needed doomed to failure. Harmonics 30 dB
improper voicing will break it.) in synthesized voices to make them and more down from the fundamental
As a gross and crude approximation sound more realistic. can have a significant effect on overall
to classes of instruments, you can use tone quality.
sine waves with slight amounts of Principles of Voicing. Successful Voicing must be accomplished in
second -harmonic content to imitate voicing schemes must customize both register to be successful. If a trumpet
flutes, piccolos, and bland tibia organ the envelope and the timbre to the in- has a certain acoustical range, the fil-
pipes. Sawtooth waveforms, with strument. Having a fixed envelope tering to imitate that range should
either additional high -pass filtering shape and changing only the timbre is handle only those notes a trumpet
for brightening or low-pass filtering just as bad as having a fixed timbre would normally cover. Extensions out
for softening or mellowing, produce and changing only the attack, sustain, of register on the high or low end will
string -like tones. The same sawtooth and decay characteristics of the voice. sound too bright or too shallow to be
waveforms passed through a fixed Admittedly, some instrument limita- realistic.
resonant bandpass filter circuit or two tions are somewhat tolerant of varia- Voicing must not be spread too thin
will produce a horn -like resonance. tions in envelope and timbre, but to do if it is to be successful. With modern
Square waves with some softening the job properly both envelope and low -cost operational -amplifier active
and perhaps some even -harmonic timbre must be controlled, in addition filters, there is no reason to use only
content added are useful as a source to adding special effects. one active filter for an entire voice reg-
of "hollow" or "woody" tones, such as Successful voicing cannot be ac- ister. By customizing the filtering to
those produced by the clarinet and complished with resistors and ca- one -third or one -half octave steps and
other woodwinds and some stopped pacitors alone. Active electronic fil- using multiple filters, a much better
organ pipes. Lower piano notes and ters or inductors are usually needed. continued on page 40
AUGUST 1975 37
CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
(Numbers in parentheses give the instruments range, indicated by note and octave on the piano keyboard I
Bassoon (A #1 -D #5): Typical of the

bassoon are its moderate Q reso-
nances at 550 and 1150 Hz. Dropoff of
higher harmonics is very rapid above
the second peak. The blip -free attack
lasts 50 ms and sustain is 60 ms in dura-
tion, followed by a gradual noise-free
decay.
Bass Violin (E1 -E3): Characteristic of

the bass violin is its range through an o 100
almost pure sawtooth wave on the low

end (50 Hz) through a steeply low - -to
CO
pass- filtered sawtooth on the high end a,so-
-20 o
(250 Hz). The rise and decay times are ENVELOPE
both 0.5 s in duration. A slight low - -30
frequency noise modulation appears 0 He 000 300 00 0
t
d
t
.a
I
.t
t
.Y
1
40
on the envelope. HERTZ SECONDS
Cello (C2 -E3): The sound from the

cello is obtained by a predominantly
sawtooth waveform that is moderately
low- pass -filtered. Filter cut -off be- -a
comes steeper and must move up with -m
increasing frequency. Very gradual at-
tack and decay, with decay becoming -30
more abrupt on the higher notes.
characterizes the envelope.
Clarinet (D3 -F6): The sound of the

clarinet consists predominantly of odd
harmonics, although a low level of
even -harmonic content must also be
provided. Even harmonics are some-
what stronger for the upper notes. The
rise time is about 50 ms, and a 10%
modulation of low- frequency random
noise adds to tone character. SECONDS
English Horn (G #3 -C #6): A high,

flat- topped resonance at 600 Hz and a
narrower resonance at 1900 Hz are
characteristic of the English horn. The
dip between the two resonance peaks,
located at 1300 Hz is some 26 dB down 0-
from the lower- frequency resonance
peak. The two -step rise time is 5 ms to -te -
m
60% amplitude and then more gradu- a
ally to maximum at 400 ms. The final
attack and sustain have a characteris- -30
t
tic 10 % random -noise amplitude mod- tit
T
2K yK
ulation. /IERTZ
Flute (C4 -C7): The flute is another

double- resonance instrument with a
minor resonance peak located at 300
Hz and a stronger peak at 600 Hz. Har-
monics are very weak. The rise time is
about 50 ms. A very pronounced
(50-75% of maximum) tremolo of 5 to 7 1K 2K 4K
Hz is present. NEWT(
French Horn (B1 -F5): Has a single
resonance at 500 Hz and much narrow-
RICH NOTE
er bandpass than the trombone. Rise-
time varies between 100and 20 ms, with LOw 11011'
an attack blip on lower notes.

ENVELOPE
Oboe (A3 -G6): A very complex spec-

ace I 2K / .2. .3 .
NERTZ SECONDS
trum structure is characteristic of the
oboe. It has a 1050 -Hz resonance peak,
a 30-dB dip at 200 Hz, and a final high -
pass resonance at 3000 Hz. Much more
harmonic energy is in the oboe's sound
than in other instruments. The rise time
is 60 ms, sustain time is zero, and decay b
begins 100 ms after the start of the ENViLOFë
note. The envelope starts out relatively -sa
clean but then takes on a 10% noise os .1 .15 .2. .1s
modulation during the decay period. SECONDS
Piano (A0-C8): The absolute minimum tones, combined with sympathetic- each note. The waveform structure for
needed to create a piano voice is three resonance buildups and interactions the piano note is too complex to be
tone sources with non-harmonic over- of harmonic overtones with time for shown here.
Trombone (E2 -B4): The trombone's

frequency spectrum curve shows a
single resonance peak at 475 Hz whose
rise time is on the order of 60 ms. The
á
envelope has a very pronounced dou-
ble blip on the leading edge. Por-
tamento or frequency modulation is too IC. lK
needed for slide effects. HERTZ
Trumpet (E3 -A #5): The trumpet's

single resonance peak falls at 1150 Hz. -w-
Its envelope displays a characteristic
horn blip or impulse change in am- -301
V
r
plitude. The rise time is 50 ms. 1K 2K 4K
NEQTZ
-lo
Tuba tuba's voice has a
(F1 -F4): The
oo
single resonance peak located at 275 -m
Hz. A very pronounced horn blip is on
the attack edge of the envelope. Rise
time is 400 ms. 500 I K
HEkTZ
Viola (C3 -E4): The voice of the viola o-

ranges from a brightened, high -pass-
sawtooth on the low -to N/GH
at 140 Hz through slightly low-pass-
filtered sawtooth on the high end at 750
Hz. The attack time is 150 ms, followed
- [OWnDTE
%n se
by a 150 -to- 300 -ms decay time. The en- -30 100 IK óK
velope exhibits some low- frequency NERTZ
noise modulation.
Violin (G3 -C6); The violin's voice

ranges from a brightened high -pass- o-, Ir
emphasized sawtooth on the low end
at 200 Hz through a slightly low -pass- -ID-
filtered sawtooth on the high end at a -1O -
750..
1500 Hz. The attack time varies be- ENVELOPE

tween 80 and 200 ms, and a 6- to 8 -Hz
frequency -modulation vibrato is op- o IM K wK .2 ,y
tionally present. NERTZ SECONAS
AUGUST 1975 39
The better the training
the better you'll IN- CIRCUIT TRANSISTOR TESTER
TROUBLESHOOTER
COMPU -TRAINER VOM
SOLID -STATE
OSCILLOSCOPE
NTS /HEATH \
GR2000
Digital
Solid -State
Color TV
315 sq. in.
Picture
(Simulated TV Reception)
ELECTRO-LAB
As an NTS student you'll acquire the know -how that This electronic gear is not only designed for train-
comes with first -hand training on NTS professional
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ing; it's field -type -like you'll meet on the job, or
when you're making service calls. And with NTS
courses include equipment like the NTS /Heath easy -to -read, profusely illustrated lessons you learn
Digital GR -2000 Solid State color TV with first -ever the theory behind these tools of the trade.
features like silent varactor diode tuning; digital
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=
NATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
I=
I4000 South Figueroa St., Los Angeles, Calif. 9003'
Dept.
clip coupon if card is missing. Please send FREE Color Catalog and Sample Lesson.
NO OBLIGATION NO SALESMAN WILL CALL.
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I Please fill in Zip Code for fast service
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400 So. Figueroa St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90037 Check if interested ONLY in classroom training in Los Angeles
AJGUST 1975 43
V -a {EYER
OK
VOA
ACTIVE
LOW-PASS
FILTER
5VMM/NG
AND
Weivriko
--o0urPV7
job can be done at negligible addi-
tional cost. An alternate approach in
1 WEAK 7REM0L 0
monophonic instruments is to use a
ENVELOPE bank of vcf's and shift their paramet-
WEAK NOISE ers as needed to get the desired effect.
(A) Multiple or movable filters greatly
ease the loudness balancing (scaling)
KEyER Acr/VE
--. SVMM /N4 problem from note to note.
MM oR $4NA°AS .-a ANO ---0 OUTPUT
VGA FALTER WE 161? W4 One must recognize that instrument
t-- ENVELOPE sounds are norms and not absolutes.
811P A bass violin sounds quite different
(B) when played in a tiled room than it
does in a concert hall. It sounds even
ACTT vE more different in an anechoic, or
BANDPASS
acoustically "dead," room. Further-
,44,44-...
KETCR
DR
F/crEk
- SUMMING
AND -°O(1TPUJ
more, the model and age of the in-
VGA
ACTIVE
1-- WEIGHT/4 strument, its quality, the ambient
BAND PAs3 temperature and humidity, mood of
- ENVELOPE
BLIP
FILTE4 a2 the performer, and context in which
the instrument is used all combine to
produce the final effect of the sound
(C) heard.
Finally, successful voicing cannot
ZIW KFTSk
OR
r
ACT/YE PEAKED'
LOW -PASS
SUMMING
AND -a DU7'PUi
be accomplished by an engineer
CA FILTER WE-410-0)G alone. Nor can the musician alone do
LOW -LEVEL
EVEN ENVELOPE
the job properly. It must be done by
HARMONICS NO /SE both people contributing their best
t
(D) efforts.
KETER ACTIVE SUMMING Instrument Sound Synthesis. The

vtMnl -+ G2 LOW -PASS AND --o 0 UrPUT accompanying box illustrates some
D /STo TED VCR FALTER WEIGHT /NC
s /NE WAVE
4 of the characteristics essential to a
ENVELOPE
WEAK NOISE Fig. 1. Synthesis circuits: (A) number of popular traditional musi-
L_STROAÇ TREMOLO AM strings, (B) single -resonance horn, cal instruments. Bear in mind that the
(E) (C) double-resonance horn, (D) information given in the box is only
woodwind, (E) flute or piccolo. a starting point in designing a sys-
tem capable of realistic instrument
voicing.
For most of the instruments listed,
you can use a system setup like one of
SC ALJNÇ
f/NG/V/OVAL-GA/N) those shown in Fig. 1. In general, start
RF
CONTRDLó
MASTER with a sawtooth waveform and pass
A
NI GAIN'''. ppi the signal through a suitable active fil-
/0K ter or two. Use similar circuits for each
NPl/r5 10k
NONNI octave or, better yet, each half- or
third -octave increment. This permits
cA
/0K SK each portion of the register to be
lop /ND /WDUAC _ weighted for optimum voicing and
`R
0--
RX GA/NS
volume level. Where a clarinet voice is
(A) needed, a square wave or two saw -
QF tooths are used as an input. (A
/OK fundamental- frequency and minus
8 one -half of the second harmonic -
/NPU7S
C
frequency sawtooths can be summed
/DK OUTPUT
to obtain a square wave. Filtering then
'% takes over.)
Fig. 2. Miring and You can combine and mix various
/si/= PASS
-SV= BLOCK CO)lbining Imite outputs: instrument voices, either in the preset
(A) Summing and scaling form of the synthesizer or in the stop -
/ND/v/DUAC several sources to a
....
GAINS =
0 AR RF /e, tablet form of an electronic organ,
tSV B D 5V single output. (B)
A C (DEPENDING ON with the aid of one of the circuits
=ELECT /ON) Selecting voices with
SELE["T a CMOS analog switch shown in Fig. 2. The CMOS analog
/NP U7S .
for stops or presets. switch in (B) is ideal for voice switch-

(8) ing because it draws essentially zero
control -line power.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
USER'S
BUYING GUIDE áPECIAL
TO REPORT
ON
CB BASE $TATIONS
CB
What to look for in terms
of specifications and performance.
TRANSCEIVERS
BY JOHN J. McVEIGH, Assistant Editor
MORE and more people are turn- ters found in most mobile rigs. Many
have speech processors to improve in- USER'S
ing to the "no test" 27 -MHz Citi-
zens Band for personal and business telligibility. These circuits raise the BUYING GUIDE 45
communications. Growth of the band average modulation level of the signal,
has been geometric, with over 6 mil- thereby boosting the rig's "talk
lion two -way CB radios said to be in power." Others which don't have this BASE STATION
current use by U.S. citizens. feature frequently incorporate it in
EQUIPMENT
The majority of CB users with dc- matching desk microphones.
Base stations often have a battery of DIRECTORY 48
powered mobile transceivers also in-
stall ac- powered units in fixed controls which make operations
locations- homes, factories, depots, easier and more effective. An r -f gain
and marinas. These "base stations" control is one example. It is useful in CB COMMUNICATION
differ physically and, in many ways, helping the transceiver cope with very
RANGE 53
electronically from mobile transceiv- strong signals which overload its au-
ers. Additionally, the more sophisti- tomatic gain control (agc). The signal
cated base station antennas provide strength is reduced to a level the rest
extra receiving and transmitting of the transceiver can handle. "Delta
"power" for base station equipment. tune," also found in the more sophis-
ticate mobiles, allows one to tune the
Base Station Transceivers. A CB receiving frequency slightly off
base transceiver is usually larger than center -channel to compensate for var-
a mobile unit, is designed for desk -top iations in the transmitting frequency
operation, and uses ac line power. of other transceivers. Tone controls
However, the distinction is not as clear are also found on some base station
as it once was. Many new models now rigs.
feature dual power supplies (12 V dc Base stations offer a number of
and 117 V ac) and have mid -sized en- other convenience and performance
closures. They also have other fea- bonuses not often found in smaller
tures common to mobile and /or base mobile units. For example, some have
units. built -in digital clocks with turn -on
Base stations, of course, can be alarms, and most have built -in speak-
used to talk to mobile units, or for ers. Another popular feature is the
communicating with other base sta- channel 9 priority monitor found in
tions. There are AM -only and AM/SSB some of the latest crop of transceivers.
types. The latter are becoming in- These units incorporate a separate re-
creasingly popular. ceiver permanently tuned to channel 9
Typically, base stations have more (the emergency frequency). When an
complete metering and control emergency signal is transmitted from
facilities. Some have built -in power a point within the base station's nor-
and /or SWR meters, dummy loads, mal range (20 to 30 miles), it interrupts
and peak modulation meters, in addi- whatever was on, so that the priority
tion to the S /r -f (relative) output me- message can be heard.
AUGUST 1975 45
Some transceiver manufacturers tions easier on the eyes. Sleek console creased performance is well worth the
have carried this idea further by build- designs, attractive anodized panels, extra investment. Further, there ap-
ing complete vhf Public Service and walnut cabinets will often be appear to be more serious communica-
monitors into the CB equipment. For a preciated by the XYL! tors on SSB, making CB more enjoy-
person active in REACT or working able.
closely with local authorities during Circuits. Base and mobile trans- Both the transmitting and receiving
emergencies, this feature is invalu- ceivers also have internal (circuit) dif- sections of an SSB rig are more corn -
able. Another performance extra ferences. While the trend is toward plicated than their AM counterparts.
commonly found in base stations, as completely solid -state designs (in- The transmitting circuits must filter
well as better mobile transceivers, is cluding IC's and FET's), some hybrid out both the unwanted sideband and
the digital noise blanker. This circuit is (tube and transistor) and vacuum -tube the carrier before they reach the final
placed in the r -f portion of the re- units are still being manufactured. Al- amplifier. In most cases, these are
ceiver, cutting out any short -duration though the high -voltage and filament "set- and -forget" circuits that need no
noise spikes. It works so fast, though, supplies required by tubes are a dis- attention after being adjusted at the
that you don't "miss" any of the de- advantage in mobile applications, factory. In fact, on TRANSMIT, you really
sired signal. These r -f noise blankers they are easily derived from base sta- can't tell the difference between an
are much more effective than the tion ac supplies. Tubes, moreover, can AM and SSB transceiver. Both are op-
common diode -type noise limiters, offer competitive performance to erated in exactly the same way.
which can only shave off the top -of- transistors in r -f circuits, and their RECEIVE is a different story, how-
signal noise. Some base station units mere presence should not detract ever. Tuning in an SSB signal requires
combine both types of noise from an otherwise fine rig, assuming a practiced touch. Otherwise, the
reducers. its features, performance and price operator you're listening to will sound
Voice -operated control (VOX) oper- are attractive. like a weird variation on Donald Duck.
ation is more commonplace with base The front ends of base transceivers A "clarifier" or fine -tune control is
station equipment. VOX automatically are generally not as "hot" as those in used to lock -in the voice properly.
turns the transmitter on when you mobile units. This is not a drawback, In general, you'll find that SSB re-
start to speak, and then flips back to though, because most base antennas ceiving circuits are more sensitive and
receive after a short holding period. are more efficient than mobile whips more selective than those for AM.
The vox DELAY control allows the user and thus provide the receiver section Briefly, this means that they can pull in
to vary this holding period. Operators with more signal to work with. weaker stations even if there are
usually make it long enough so that stronger signals on a nearby fre-
the switchover relay won't chatter be- SSB. This year you'll find more quency.
tween the words in one phrase or sen- single -sideband (SSB) transceivers in
tence, but short enough so that they'll the marketplace. SSB is a much more Specifications. Many people who
be back on RECEIVE fairly quickly with- efficient mode of communicating. It are in the market for a CB base trans-
out missing the first few words of the requires only half of the spectrum ceiver become very confused by
transmission. The vox SENSITIVITYCOn- space, thereby doubling the number specifications. So, it pays to have an
trol sets the point where the VOX will of available channels. SSB rigs with understanding of the key terms. They
trip. It is usually adjusted so that the AM (double sideband) provisions pro- tell you a good deal about the per-
operator's voice activates the system, vide 69 channel choices. In truth, formance you can expect from a parti-
but fainter background noise or voi- though, only operation on 23 or 46 cular transceiver. Here are a few of the
ces will not. channels is possible. If everyone in more important specifications. (For a
Squelch, found on almost all trans- your area is on SSB, then 46 "sub - more complete overview of CB trans-
ceivers, is analogous to VOX, but it channels" are available -23 upper ceiver ratings, see "CB Specifica-
works on receive instead of transmit. sideband (USB) and 23 lower tions Made Easy," POPULAR ELEC-
The SQUELCH SENSITIVITY control allows sideband (LSB). Two SSB stations can TRONICS, March 1975.)
you to keep the receiver muted except operate on the same channel without
when a signal above a certain interference if one uses LSB and the Receivers. One of the most impor-
threshold appears at the antenna. other USB. However, if strong AM sta- tant specifications for a receiver is its
If you have any need to talk to a tions dominate the channels in your sensitivity. This relates to how strong a
group of people in your immediate vi- area, you'll experience interference signal must be in order to be heard ata
cinity, you'll welcome public address from them no matter which sideband given level above the background
(PA) facilities built into some trans- you are on. noise (some of which is generated in-
ceivers. In general, the PA power out- SSB has a 6 -dB efficiency advan- side the receiver). Typically, this figure
put of a CB base transceiver is 4 to 41/2 tage over AM. This means that only will be 0.5 µV in SSB units and 1 µV in
watts, which is enough to drive a one watt of SSB output will do the AM rigs, (the lower the better), for a
high- efficiency speaker to reasonable same job of communicating as four S/N ratio of 10 dB (the higher the bet-
paging levels. watts of AM. As in all things, you don't ter). Selectivity, in its broadest sense,
Finally, there are certain cosmetic get something for nothing. In this tells how well the receiver can dif-
differences between base and mobile case, the extra "talk power" that SSB ferentiate between the desired signal
rigs. Some base stations have large will deliver is the product of a more and another one on another fre-
"On The Air" signs which light up complex circuit. The extra engineer- quency. It is given in terms of the
when the transmitter section is active. ing required to produce an SSB trans- receiver's response (in dB) to a signal
Most base stations have larger knobs ceiver will generally be expressed in a whose frequency is not on the center
and dials than mobiles, making opera- higher pricetag. You'll find that the in- of the channel. (A "narrow slot," down
to 2.5 kHz, and a greater negative dB outputs equal to the 4 -watt legal limit. cernable difference between the two
number are desirable.) Don't look upon this as absolutely figures. It's important not to go over
A typical figure for an AM trans- necessary to a good rig, though. You 100 %, however, since overmodulation
ceiver is -6 dB at 6 kHz (±3 kHz) and won't be able to hear the difference causes splatter interference to other
-40 dB at 20 kHz ( ±10 kHz). This between two transceivers (other CB'ers, and even TVI!
means that a signal 3 kHz away from things being equal) if one puts out 3 or
the frequency to which the receiver is 3.5 watts and the other runs 4 watts. In Conclusion. Here are some final
tuned would have to be 4 times Something that is just as important purchasing considerations. Be sure
stronger than the desired signal to ap- as the total output is what can be that the CB rig you buy is type
pear equally strong. At 10 kHz, the un- called undesired products. This refers accepted. This means that the FCC
wanted signal would have to be 100 to those parts of your transmitted has approved it for CB service. All
times stronger than the desired one. signal at other frequencies than the transceivers licensed for the first time
SSB rigs usually have more selective desired one. They can take the shape on or after November 22, 1974 must be
receivers than AM units, since they of harmonics (high- frequency ener- type accepted. Those transceivers
must reject signals on the other gies which can get you into trouble licensed before this date can be used
sideband of the channel being used. with the FCC and /or your neigh- until November 23, 1978, but must be
There is a whole group of specs bors-they are a prime cause of TVI) taken off the air then.
related to selectivity, such as adjacent or in -band components. These sig- Another area to look into before you
channel rejection, unwanted side - nals cause interference to other buy a rig is its method of frequency
band suppression, image rejection, CB'ers and rob you of usable output. generation. If it uses separate crystals
etc. Each tells how well the receiv- All such undesired products, whether for each transmit and receive channel,
er can ignore unwanted signals at they are called splatter, intermodula- does it include them for all channels of
frequencies removed from the center tion distortion products, harmonic interest? Sometimes they don't, and
of the channel. distortion, unwanted sidebands or it's necessary to shell out roughly $10
A final specification of interest is the carrier, or harmonics, should be at for each additional channel ($5 for re-
receiver audio output, expressed in least 25 to 50 dB below the level of the ceive, $5 for transmit crystals). If a fre-
watts at a given level of distortion. desired signal. quency synthesizer is used in place of
Anything up to 1 watt at 10 %distortion Frequency stability tells you how crystals, are all desired channels cov-
will be adequate in most cases. Fre- close your signal is to where it's sup- ered?
quency response is limited to the posed to be (the channel center). Finally, consider the total cost of the
voice band (500 to 3000 Hz) since that Almost all rigs are rated a percent- rig with all the operating features and
is all the range needed. age slightly better (lower) than the conveniences you want -VOX, exter-
legal limit of 0.005 %. Modulation nal speaker (if needed), desk mike, r -f
Transmitter. The primary spec that percentage indicates how fully you are wattmeter, etc. In some cases, these
CB'ers use in judging a transceiver's putting the carrier to work in convey- are available only as options, and will
transmitting section is its r -f power ing intelligence. The optimum figure is raise the final package price consid-
output, expressed in watts. Almost all 100 %, and most rigs will be rated be- erably. For some, extras are frills; for
base station transceivers have rated tween 90 and 100 %. There is no dis- others, they are most desirable.
JC Penney Pinto 23B (AM)

Tram Diamond D201 (AM /SSB) Regency CR -142 (AM)
SBE Trinidad (AM)

Dynascan Cobra CAM -89 (AM)
Sonar FS -23 (AM)
AUGUST 1975 47
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Hy-Gain 623A (AM/SSB)
Browning Eagle Mark Ill (AM /SSB)
Teaberry T-Scout (AM)
Royce 1 -640 (AM /SSB)
Realistic TRC -57 (AM /SSB)
Pace 1000B (AM /SSB)
Pearce- Simpson
Pussycat 23 (AM)
E. F. Johnson Messenger 132 (AM) Kris 23+ (AM)
Fanon /Courier Conqueror Il (AM)
Midland 13 -887 (AM)
PAL Electronics Roadrunner 23 (AM)

AUGUST 1975 49
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CB COIáMIINICATION RANGE
Several factors affect the "talk power" you get
from your station. Some are under your control, while
others depend on surroundings BY LEO SANDS
HOW far will be able to

I But, it is not the skip range that is distances. And, if antenna elevation is
talk ?" is the question most important. It's the useful local range increased nine times, from 30 feet to
often asked by a prospective CB'er, which is governed by erp, eae, effec- 270 feet, propagation losses decrease
when shopping for equipment. The tive receiver sensitivity (ers), and 20 db which means a 100 times in-
dealer will usually reply it depends" plane earth propagation loss, terrain crease in received power (Fig. 1).
since it does depend on a lot of factors loss, and diffraction loss. When an antenna extends 20 feet
he can't control. However, if he knows above a 10- foot -high building, its ele-
the neighborhood where you live and Propagation Losses. Every radio vation is 30 feet or when an antenna
you tell him how high your house is, he transmitter sends power through extends 20 feet above a 20-foot -high
should be able to make an educated space, but very little of the power building on top of a 230- foot -high hill,
guess. reaches the receiver. At a distance of the elevation is 270 feet.
The hedges regarding the base sta- seven miles from the antenna of a The figures in Table 1 are approxi-
tion include the altitude of your prop- 50,000 -watt station, the power level at mate and subject to local variations.
erty, density and proximity to vegeta- the terminals of a dipole antenna They include antenna height gain and
tion, type of structure on which the would be 0.5 mícrowatt. Thus if a CB 10 dB allowance for terrain loss. Table
antenna can be mounted, and possi- antenna system radiates 4 watts of 2 lists the approximate signal levels at
ble interference sources. With a power, only 1 /100 -billionth of it is the receiving antenna from a station
mobile unit, it is the severity of electri- present at a receiving antenna seven whose effective radiated power is 4
cal noise generated by the vehicle. miles away -but it is plenty, consider- watts, which is equal to +36 dB above
Range is determined by: (1) trans- ing how sensitive most of the receiv- 1 milliwatt.
mitter output power which is limited ers are today. When the propagation losses are
by the FCC to 4 watts on AM or 12 The plane earth propagation losses only 90 dB (a 1- billion times power
watts peak envelope power (pep) on for various distances are listed in loss), received power is down 54 dBm
SSB; (2) antenna system gain or loss; Table 1 with respect to effective an- (0.025 µW) and the signal voltage level
(3) effective antenna elevation (eae); tenna elevation above the earth or sur- at the terminals of a 50 -ohm, unity -
(4) proximity to dense vegetation; (5) rounding terrain. It can be seen that, gain receiving antenna is 1400 µV (all
receiver sensitivity; and (6) noise level as distance is doubled, propagation microvolt figures are rounded off).
in vicinity of antenna. losses increase 12 dB, which repre- When propagation loss is 140 dB, re-
Signals at 27 -MHz travel outward sents a power loss of 16 times. It can ceived signal level is 104 dBm or ap-
and upward. The outward -going also be seen that, when effective an- proximately 1.4 microvolts.
energy reaches somewhat farther tenna elevation is tripled from 30 feet If you are not familiar with decibels,
than 1.2 times the distance from the to 90 feet, propagation losses de- remember 3 dB represents a power
antenna to the horizon with strong increase 10 dB. This indicates that ratio of 2, a voltage ratio of 1.4; 10 dB,
tensity and farther with reduced inten- power is ten times greater at the same 10 and 3.16; and 20 dB, 100 and 10. To
sity. The upward -going energy is
wasted except when "skip" condi-
tions prevail. Then the energy is re-
- 20'
20'
flected by the ionosphere to points
hundreds or thousands of miles away.
The signals generated by a 4 -watt
(output) CB transceiver might be
heard only 5 to 25 miles away under x 20'
normal conditions and thousands of 230'
miles away when skip propagation
conditions exist. The latter is prohi-
bited by the FCC, limiting communica-
tion to 150 miles.
I 90' lo'
20'
Fig. 1. Examples of
effective antenna io'
elevation for a
7-=
t;ypi H1 CB base station.
AUGUST 1975
Have you ever
asked yourself,
"Can make it
r
in Electromes?"
CIE may be the answer
if you have a technical
aptitude and a serious
desire to get ahead.
Right now, you're reading a technical magazine with You can master career Electronics without missing one
articles that require a certain amount of electronics day of work. Without sacrificing one paycheck Because !
know -how. And that says a couple of things about you. you study in your free time ... setting the study pace
First, you're involved in Electronics ... on the job, or that best fits your schedule. You decide when and where
as a hobby. you want to study. So you can go right on enjoying your
Second, you obviously realize the importance of staying leisure time because there are no rigid classroom schedules
up -to -date on the latest technical applications and devel- to be met. You're in control!
opments. Reading a technical magazine helps, but it takes
more than that to get you where you want to be ... if How can you afford
you're serious about Electronics. ... the expense of the additional education you need?
A lot depends on which CIE course best fits your educa-
How can you afford tional goals and background. We have a variety of
... not to continue with your electronics training? electronics courses at beginner, intermediate, and ad-
You know the answer to that as well as we do. vanced college -level. And there's a convenient payment
To achieve continuing success, you have to keep build- plan available for every course. But, one way to evaluate
ing more knowledge into the Electronics background and your investment in CIE is this ... you can graduate from
experience you already have. You have to sharpen the CIE for about the cost of one year's tuition at some
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And one of the most logical ways for you to get what
you need is to seriously consider an in -depth electronics How can you afford
training program that could help you achieve your am- ... to learn Career Electronics from anyone other than
bitions in Electronics. an electronics specialist?
If you are serious about your career in Electronics, you
How can you afford owe it to yourself to investigate the home study school
... the time and trouble of going back to school?
An excellent and convenient way for you to develop and
expand your electronics knowledge is to "let the school
to Electronics. That's CIE
Electronics.
-
that devotes its entire curriculum and instructional efforts
Cleveland Institute of
come to you." We have specialized exclusively in Electronics education -
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reflect this specialized experience. No frills. No unneces- training programs in Electronics Technology, Broad-
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C' E Cleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc.
1776 East 17th Street. Cleveland. Ohio 44114
-1
Accredited Member Neboral Home Stud* Council

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Electronics Technology Industrial Electronics

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AUGUST 1975 57
use dB, simply add them. For example, satisfactory for runs of 50 feet (20% sion can be obtained, as in Figure 2B.
26 dB represents a power ratio of 400 power loss) to 70 feet (30% power Low-loss coax should be used.
(20 dB = 100, 6 dB = 4, 100 x 4 = 400), loss). For runs up to 150 feet, use Many rural residents and farmers liv-
and a voltage ratio of 20 (20 dB = 10, 6 RG -8 /U cable and for longer runs, use ing in a valley in hilly country, as in
dB = 2, 10 x 2 = 20). foam -filled coax which has much Washington and Oregon, have com-
lower losses. plained about inadequate CB range.
Antenna Gain. An antenna can act When a hill is within a few hundred
as amplifier when it provides
an Propagation -Loss Calculations. feet of the house, the antenna can be
"power gain." An omnidirectional an- Although most CB transceivers have mounted there, as shown in Figure 2C.
tenna compresses the radiated energy better than 0.5 -pV sensitivity ratings, If as much as 1200 feet of coax is re-
toward the earth so that less escapes noise usually makes it necessary to quired, 7/8 -inch foam cable should be
Fig. 2. Examples of base station

antenna installations: ((A) directly'
on house; (B) on adjacent tall
structure; (C) on nearby hill
with cable supported by poles.
COAXIAL C7
CABLE
COAXIAL CABLE
(A) (B) (C)
upward and is wasted; a unidirec- receive much stronger signals. An S9 used. It can be supported on wooden
tional antenna compresses the energy indication (very strong signal) on an S poles or buried if it has a polyethylene
in one horizontal direction; while a meter usually indicates that received jacket. Since this cable comes in max-
bi- directional antenna (such as a co- signal level is 50 or 100 pV depending imum lengths of 300 feet, splicing
phased pair of omnidirectional anten- on the reference used by the designer. connectors must be used.
nas) radiates maximum energy toward Table 4 lists the loss calculations for Although the 2.7 -dB loss introduced
the front and back or to the sides. base -to -base, base -to- mobile and by 1200 feet of 7/8 -inch foam cable will
Antenna gain increases erp. If 3.2 mobile -to- mobile transmission over a allow only 54% of the transmitter
watts of energy is applied to and distance of 14 miles. These calcula- power to reach the antenna, the loss
radiated by a unity (0 dB) gain an- tions assume a'30-foot base antenna can be made up by using a gain -type
tenna, erp is 3.2 watts. But, if antenna elevation, the Use of 4 -dB gain base antenna.
gain is 4 dB, for example, erp is in- antennas, and unity gain mobile an-
creased 2.5 times to 8 watts, and a tennas in typical terrain. It can be seen Mobile Antennas. A quarter -wave
10 -dB gain beam will increase erp to that received signal level is almost 22 (approx. 104 inches) stainless steel
32 watts -legally. times higher for base -to -base corn - antenna is an efficient radiator. But,
munication than for mobile -to- mobile. when its mount is attached to the
Transmission Lines. A CB antenna When a 3.3- microvolt signal is accept- bumper, fender, or cowl of a car, its
is fed through a 50 -ohm coaxial -cable able, it would appear that base -to- radiation pattern will be distorted. A
transmission line. Since coax intro- mobile range would be more than much shorter, but less efficient base -
duces losses, the full output power of doubled and base -to-base range more or center -loaded whip or helical
the transmitter does not reach the an- than quadrupled. But, in most cases it fiberglass antenna mounted in the
tenna. If you use 50 feet of RG -58A /U wouldn't because at 28 miles and at 56 center of the car roof will usually work
cable, dB loss is caused by the cable.
1 miles, beyond the radio horizon, ab- better since the car body won't distort
If transmitter output is4 watts, 80% sorption losses could be very high. the radiation pattern.
(3.2 watts) of the power reaches the
antenna, a small part (about 4 %) of Base Antenna Installation. A base Noise Affects Range. Corn -
which is reflected back to the trans- station antenna is usually installed in municating range can be seriously af-
mitter by a well- matched antenna with much the same way as a TV antenna, fected by ignition noise (a popping
an SWR rating of 1.5. The antenna ab- using the same types of mounting sound), even at base stations. The
sorbs about 3 watts. The coax cable hardware. Most often, the base station electrical noise generated by a car can
loss can be offset by using a gain -type antenna is mounted on top or at one often be picked up by a CB rig more
antenna. end of a house, as shown in Fig. 2A. than 100 feet away. If your home is
Table 3 lists the losses for various When a tall building, water tank, or close to a street, you can minimize ig-
types of coax and the maximum length other tall structure is adjacent to the nition noise pickup by installing your
that can be used in order to limit loss- house, the antenna could be mounted antenna as far from the street as feasi-
.. to 1 anr1 1 rlR Tuna R(..c A/I is I
nn tnp of the taller structure if parmic- hle.- likes nn the. garages at tha hark
TABLE 1-PROPAGATION LOSSES
Distance Effective Antenna Elevation

(miles) (30 ft) (90 ft) (270 ft) TABLE 2- RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVE S
7 110 dB 100 dB 90dB (4 -W ERP)
14 122 dB 112 dB 102 dB
28 134 dB 124 dB 114 dB Propagation Level at Receiving
Antenna
(loss in dB) (dBm) (microvolts)
90 54 1400
100 64 440
110 74 140
120 84 44
130 94 14
TABLE 3 -CABLE ATTENUATION LOSSES

140 104 4
Cable Type dB/100 ft

RG -58A /U 2.2
RG -58 foam 1.7
RG- 8 /A -AU 0.98
RG -8 foam 090
TABLE 4-TYPICAL LOSS CALCULATIONS

Base -to -Base Base -to- Mobile Mobile -to- Mobile
Transmitter output (4 W) +36 dBm +36 dBm +36 dBm
Coaxial cable loss ( -1 dB) ( -1 dB) ( -0.4 dB)
Antenna gain +4 dB +4 dB 0
Eff. radiated power (8 W) +39 dBm +39 dBm +35.6 dBm

Propagation loss (14 miles) (-122 dB) (-122 dB) (-122 dB)
Antenna height gain (30 ft) +20 dB) +10 dB) 0
Terrain factor loss (-10 dB) (-10 dB) (-10 dB)
Power at receiving antenna -73 dBm -83 dBm -96.4 dBm
Receiving antenna gain +4 dB 0 0
Coaxial cable loss (-1 dB) (-0.4 dB) (-0.4 dB)
Power at receiver input -70 dBm -83.4 dBm -96.8 dBm
Voltage at receiver input 71.2 µV 15.2 µV 3.3 µV
At a base station, interference can sions can be heard when your rig is On the other hand, if your receiver is
be caused by a nearby TV set, fluores- not set to the channel on which he or desensitized by a nearby FM or TV
cent lamps, sewing- machine motors, she is transmitting, your antennas may broadcast station or land- mobile sys-
aquarium heaters, thermostats, and be too close together. Move yours tem FM base station, installa low -pass
other electrical devices with moving farther away and place it higher or filter between the antenna connector
contacts. To avoid radiated interfer- lower than the other antenna. Al- of the transceiver and the antenna
ence, place the transceiver as far as though modern CB rigs are usually transmission line.
possible from appliances, particularly very selective, don't expect to escape
TV sets, and not under a fluorescent channel bleedover when another Summary. Transmitting range de-
light fixture. Connecta powerlinefilter CB'er pumps thousands of microvolts pends on effective radiated power, ef-
between the ac outlet and the offend- into your antenna. fective antenna elevation, and mod-
ing appliance. To minimize feed - When another CB'er or a ham can ulation level. Receiving range de-
through from the power line to the be heard on all channels, or your re- pends on effective receiver sensitivity,
transceiver, install a line filter in series ceiver is so desensitized that you can't which is affected by antenna gain and
with the power cord and to the nearest use it, chances are that the CB'er (un- capture area, noise level, and near-
earth ground. lawfully) or ham (lawfully) is using a ness to other transmitters which might
high -power linear amplifier. If it is the or might not desensitize the receiver.
Transmitter -Caused Interfer- CB'er, the FCC should be happy to Range, either way, is affected by
ence. If a nearby CB'er's transmis- hear about it. power- source voltage.
AUGUST 1975 59
ABOUT 15 years ago, it was dis-
covered that, when ultrasonic
energy in the low- megahertz range is
Listen to beamed into the body, the energy is

reflected back to the surface by cer-
tain internal structures. If the struc-
tures move, the frequency of the re-
your Heart flected energy is changed in propor-

tion to the velocity of the movement
due to the Doppler effect. Develop-
ment of this principle has given the
medical profession a valuable and
with completely harmless tool for the

noninvasive examination of move-
ments inside the body -especially of
the heart, its valves, and the flow of
Doppler blood within the heart. All of the

movements cause characteristic
sounds which can be heard with the
aid of an easily constructed ultrasonic
stethoscope.
The basic elements in the stetho-
Ultrasound scope are two lead zirconate -lead

titanate piezoelectric crystals. One of
the crystals is energized by a signal
from a 2 -MHz oscillator so that it ex-
Ultrasonic stethoscope lets you hear snapping pands and contracts setting up pres-
sure or sound waves that are transmit-
of heart valves and blood flow sounds. ted into the body. When this wave
(which is very directional) passes from
one medium to another in the body, a
BY JOSEPH JAFFE portion is reflected back to the second
crystal, which generates an electrical
signal. If the reflecting surface is
stationary, the signal generated in the
receiving crystal is 2 MHz. If the re-
flecting surface is moving away from
the transducer, the frequency is lower
than the transmitted wave. Similarly, if
the surface is moving toward the
transducer. the reflected frequency is
higher. By mixing a portion of the
transmitted frequency with the re-
ceived frequency and detecting the
difference. we get a frequency in the
audio range that is proportional to the
velocity of the reflecting surface.
Circuit Operation. In the transmit-

ter circuit (Fig. 1) Q1 operates as a
2 -MHz oscillator. Positive feedback is
Editor's Note. Experiments have

shown that beaming high- frequency
sound into the body is not harmful. The
technique has even been used suc-
cessfully in listening to the hearts of
unborn babies in the mothers' wombs.
It should be remembered, however,
that this project is for experimentation
and entertainment. Do not attempt to
interpret the sounds diagnostically for
yourself or for others. Only a physician
can do this by correlating the sounds
with other medical information.
1 www.americanradiohistory.com
R6
9211
IV
REC
The detected audio signal is am-
plified by IC/.
Construction. The circuits are as-
sembled on a single pc board, using
the foil pattern and component instal-
lation shown in Fig. 3. Since IC1 is in a
round, TO -type package, you must
bend its leads to conform to the in -line
Fig. 1. Schematic pads on the board.
of the stethoscope
Construction of the transducer as-
transmitter circl(it.
sembly is shown in Fig. 4. The two
transducers are made by carefully
cutting in half a -inch diameter 1
PZT crystal (1/32" thick) to make two

D- shaped devices. Fine wire, such as
#36 or smaller, should be soldered to
each side of the crystal using silver -
PARTS LIST provided from the secondary of T1 bearing solder to avoid lifting the
through C2. The frequency is deter- silver electrode. Use a low -power sol-
B1- 6-volt battery (4 AA cells) mined by the value of C3 and the tun- dering iron (25 W or less) and a
C1-0.001 -pF polystyrene capacitor ing of Ti. The oscillator is coupled minimum of solder.
C2,C6,C 13,C 14- 0.01 -pF polystyrene
capacitor through C5 to Q2, an amplifier whose Maximum efficiency of power con-
C3 -12 -pF ceramic disc capacitor output is tuned by T2. The amplified version is achieved when the trans-
C4,C15- 30 -pF, 15 -V electrolytic ca- signal is then coupled to the transmit- ducers are "air- backed" so that most
pacitor
C5,C8-0.005 -pF polystyrene capacitor ter transducer TR1 through a length of of the ultrasonic energy is radiated
C7,C9,C I 1- 0.05 -pF polystyrene ca- shielded cable. The transmitter gen- from the front of the crystal. Most of
pacitor erates about 25 milliwatts per square the ultrasonic energy reaching the
C10- 0.04-pF polystyrene capacitor
C12- 10-pF, 15-V electrolytic capacitor centimeter of transducer surface. air -backed surface is reflected to the
Dl -Diode (1N295 or 1N4148) In the receiver (Fig 2), the voltage front because of the poor acoustic
ICI -Audio amplifier (RCA CA3020) generated across TR2 by the reflected matching. As shown in Fig. 4, a porous
Jl -Phone jack
Q1 to Q3- Transistor (2N708, 2N5134) ultrasonic signal is coupled to Q3, a material such as cork or foam is suita-
Unless otherwise noted, following are tuned amplifier with a gain of approx- ble for mounting the crystals to
1/4 -watt, 10% resistors:
R1,R4- 27,000 ohms imately 300. The signal is detected by achieve the air backing. The two
R2,R5- 68,000 ohms D1. Though it might appear that an FM crystals are secured to the backing
R3,R6.R9-82 ohms detector would be used here, the AM material with small amounts of adhe-
R7- 33,000 ohms
R8- 10,000 ohms detector provides better sensitivity sive, with the two flat edges of the D
R10- 100,000 ohms and is simpler to construct. It also re- shapes about 1/16 "apart. The thin wires
R11- 680,000 ohms quires no alignment. Amplitude detec- soldered to the crystals are threaded
R12 to R14 -4700 ohms
R15- 10,000 -ohm potentiometer tion can be used because a portion of through the backing material.
R16-27 ohms the transmitted pressure wave is di- A 4' or 5' length of two -conductor,
S1 -Spst switch (on RIS)
T1 to T4- Transformer (Lafayette rectly coupled to the receiver trans- individually shielded cable is soldered
#99-6300) ducer at the surface of the body. The to the thin wires, making sure the sol-
TR1,TR2 -PZT-5 Vernitron Piezoelec- mixing of the direct wave with the re- der joints don't touch any other con-
tric 16035 disc (see text and note)
Misc.-2- conductor individually spiral - flected wave causes amplitude mod- nection or metal. The entire assembly
shielded cable, plastic or metal tube ulation at a frequency determined by is then encapsulated with epoxy. The
(11/4" ID x 2"), cork or foam, epoxy,
the Doppler effect. active faces of the transducers should
silver- bearing solder, Telex HMY -2 or
#799 2000 -ohm headset, knob, mount-
ing hardware, etc.
Note -The following are available from +
+6V
Products and Processes, P.O. Box C15
305F
380066, Miami, FL 33138: PZT -5 disc at C9 RII
6801<
$22, complete transducer and cable at
$49.50, pc board at $4.50, cassette re-
corded with typical sounds at $2.50. All
prices postpaid. Florida residents please
include 4% sales tax. C8 CIO
.005 .04
yF yF
R13
10 4 4.7K
IC
3 CA3020
C13
R14 .01yF
21 51 61 12 4.7K
CII +
.056F
Fig. 2. Re('eiver OTR2 C12
10pF
fill e R12
4.7K C14
tele of'tran.t(lllcer .015F
JI
((s the tr(tllslllitter.

R15
10K
VOL
AUGUST 1975 61
be slightly below the edge of the tube
and covered with epoxy for insulation.
Be sure there are no air bubbles in this
coating.
Connect the transducer cable to the
pc board as shown in Fig. 3, with each
shield connected to ground.
The pc board and batteries, with Si,
R15 and J1, can be mounted in any
suitable enclosure.
When assembly is complete and the
circuit is energized, you should hear
a low -level hiss coming from the
stethoscope. Connect a 20,000 -
ohms /volt meter across the diode
load resistor (test point A to ground)
and tune the oscillator transformer
(Ti) and amplifier transformer (T4) for
maximum voltage. If you don't have a
voltmeter, fill a water glass half full
and immerse the transducer about
one inch into the water. Keeping the
face of the transducer under water,
oscillate it rapidly up and down, listen-
72
02
R4
ï
TI
A
C2
,OI
I, 7CI
ing for the Doppler effect as the sound 21
is reflected from the bottom of the R16 R3
^ -6V
C5 c44.
glass. Tune the transformers for max-
r
R6
imum volume and best signal -to -noise C15 +6V
ratio. RI4
R7 ICI C133 ~-JI

-R15,JI
RII
Testing and Use. To get good re- 73 74 *DI a4
sults, the acoustical impedance of the 11 9: >1,
TR2
rRI2 ''Cl2
RIO CIO
transducer must be matched to that of I--+ ti 18
4
the body so that the pressure waves

are transmitted into the body rather
Fig. .1. Etching and drilling gnide ,for printed
than reflected back at the skin surface. eircnit board is at top. Component layout below.
To obtain an impedance match, use
a liquid or a liquid -gel between the
Typical sounds are the low- pitched means. You will be able to hear the
transducer and the skin. Water, olive
"harrumph- oomph" of the heart wall, changes if you are successful.
oil, or mineral oil will work; but better
the snapping sounds of the heart Because there is attenuation of the
results will be obtained with a liquid -
valves, and the "shushing" of blood sound wave as it passes through the
gel such as Aquasonic or Sonigel,
flow. These sounds occur briefly dur- body, those with a heavy build may
which are specifically made for this
ing each heart beat, and you will quick- find it necessary to try alternate body
purpose and are available in medical
ly learn to recognize the distinctive positions to bring the heart closer to
supply stores.
sounds. You will be able to study the the chest wall and the transducer. Two
Apply a small amount of liquid or
effects of slow or fast breathing on suggested positions are lying on the
liquid -gel to the active transducer sur-
your heart rate, as well as the effect of left side or leaning forward in a sitting
face and place the transducer firmly
against the bare chest several inches exercise. position.
If you are interested in biofeedback After you have successfully heard
to the left of center and about 10 inch-
training, you may want to try to control the Doppler sounds in one area, you
es below the shoulder (Fig. 5). Place
your heart rate by meditation or other can move the transducer to other
the transducer so that the ultrasonic
beam passes between two ribs, for
rill
FACE
best transmission. You should be able TRANSDUCERS
WITH
EPDXY
to hear the movement of the heart.
Remember that, as you change the di- Fig. .4. Diagram shows how
to assemble troilsd?leers
rection in which the transducer faces
FORM
CORK r°1' transmitter and
(always keeping it firmly against the
II reeeii'CI' ill Stethoscope.
chest), the sounds you hear will SOLDERED
FILL WITH
change, depending on what surfaces FINE EPDXY
WIRE
are in the path of the beam. When you
TUBE, -1/4 I.D.
take a deep breath, the sound may X 2"
1
LONG
II_METAL/PLASTIC
disappear because the lung fills with
air, covering a portion of the heart; 2- CONDUCTOR,
and air is a poor conductor of high - INDIVIDUALLY SHIELDED
CABLE,4 TO 5 FEET LONG
frequency sound.
Fig. .5. To hear heart sounds, place the Fig. 6. To boor blood in arm rein, the
transducer about 10 inches below should( transducer must point up toward shoulder.
areas to compare thesounds. Rocking It issometimes possible to hear the from the red blood cells; and when
the transducer back and forth in one flow of blood in the main (brachial) you have located the artery correctly,
position will also change the sound as artery in the arm along the inside of you will hear a short pshhh" sound '
the direction of the beam changes. the elbow (Fig. 6). In this case, the with each heart beat. For this experi-
This helps bring in the valve and transducer is not placed flat against ment, use enough liquid -gel to fill the
blood -flow sounds. If loud scratchy the arm but is oriented so that the space between the tilted transducer
sounds are heard when moving the beam points along the arm in the di- face and the arm. It will also be neces-
transducer around, turn off the rection of the blood flow (toward the sary to use an external amplifier and
stethoscope while moving it. shoulder). The beam is then reflected speaker to get better sensitivity.
iY1`P YOURSELF
SHAKER BYrjFY
AND 6V1:
You know specs, but you want speakers to speak for
themselves.CTS speakers do; they sound just the way you
like. For example, choose a CTS STARRSONDTM system.
Let CTS dealer /consultants tell you how to install it in an
ideal enc osure. You'll know why many famous manufac-
turers use CTS speakers in their brand -name products!
Write, send coupon or circle reader service number for
our catalog on speakers for home, musical instruments,
E
1975 CATALOG
auto and other uses. Then visit your CTS dealer and hear
them: OF
The ones that speak for themselves. CIRCUIT
CTS OF PADUCAH, INC,
SUBSIDIARY OF CTS CORPORATION ELKHART. INDIANA
DESIGN
AND
BREADBOARDING
EQUIPMENT
Send for your free copy of Circuit Design's
new 1975 catalog. In it, you'll find lots of new
ideas in solderless breadboarding aids and
instrumentation (in kit form or assembled),
as well as a host of hard to find compo-
CTS of Paducah, Inc.
1565 North 8th St. nents. If you are involved in any aspect of
Paducah, Kentucky 42001 electronics, you can't do without it-.
Please send me your latest catalog. For your free copy, write to:
NAME
ADDRESS
CIRCUIT DESIGN, INC.
Div. of E &L Instruments
CITY P.C. Box 24 Shelton, Connecticut 06484
STATE ZIP
J
CIRCLE WO 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE NO. 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD
aur,usr 1a7s 63
visions, although one set is labelled
Pro duct as 4 CHANNEL and is suggested for

use with an external quadraphonic
adapter if the system is to be con-
verted to 4- channel operation.
Test Reports The outputs of the power amplifiers

can be switched to either of two pairs
of speaker systems or to both pairs
simultaneously, and can be shut off
for private headphone listening. In the
DYNAQUAD mode, the second pair of
ABOUT THIS MONTH'S HI -FI REPORTS speaker systems (they should be lo-
cated in the rear of the listening room)
This month we are reporting on two products that provide top value for
is connected into the system in the
the buyer's money. Sherwood's S -7310 stereo receiver, for example, is a
ambience-recovery scheme for simu-
well -conceived, competently engineered unit where even the AM tuner sec- lated 4- channel sound reproduction
tion performs exceptionally well. It clearly offers better than average per-
with stereo program sources.
formance at a moderate price. The tuning dial occupies the upper
Another long-established company, Stanton Magnetics, has revived (with
modifications) a unique single -play manual turntable and tonearm which portion of the front panel, along with a
single tuning meter and large TUNING
they ,first introduced several years ago. Supplied with its excellent 681EEE
and LOUDNESS control knobs. The
calibrated cartridge, the new Stanton 8004 stereo record player (a four- window is faced with a filter that
channel version is also available) eliminates all the problems often as- blacks out the logging scales and
sociated with record player installations. The integrated system enables one
meters when the receiver is switched
to just plug it in and use it.
off or is on and neither tuner section is
-Julian D. Hirsch being used. The meter operates as a
zero -center indicator for FM tuning
SHERWOOD MODEL S -7310 AM/STEREO FM RECEIVER and a peak indicator for AM tuning.
High performance, medium power, has simulated 4- channel sound. All remaining controls and switches
are located along the lower portion of
the front panel. Six pushbuttons are
for switching in and out the TAPE MON,
4 CHANNEL (or second tape monitoring
system), FM MUTING, MONO/STEREO
mode, HI FILTER, and LOUDNESS Com-
pensation.
Two jacks on the front panel are
labelled HEADPHONE and TAPE
DUBBING. The latter jack duplicates the
functions of the rear -apron tape re-
corder inputs and outputs.
Some of today's also a 4cH FM output jack on the All remaining inputs and outputs are
HIRSCH better medium - receiver's rear apron for use with a located on the rear apron of the re-
IIOUCK priced stereo re- discrete quadraphonic FM decoding ceiver. Also included is an external AM
ceivers offer a system should the FCC approve this antenna input, as well as a hinged and
high level of scheme in the future. pivoted ferrite -rod AM antenna.
performance and operating flexibility. The receiver measures 171/2 "W x
The Sherwood Model S -7310 is an ex- 131/4 "D x 51/4 "H (44.5 x 33.7 x 13.3 cm) Laboratory Measurements. The
cellent example of such a receiver. Its and weighs 24 pounds (10.9 kg). It audio amplifiers in the receiver sur-
FM tuner section employs a state - comes in a wooden walnut- finished passed all of their published specifica-
of- the -art phase -locked -loop (PLL) cabinet and retails for $369.95. tions by a wide margin. At the rated
integrated circuit for stereo demodu- output of 38 watts /channel into 8
lation with outstanding channel sepa- General Description. The re- ohms, the THD was less than 0.1%
ration and low distortion. Another IC is ceiver's direct -coupled audio ampli- from 20 to 20,000 Hz. Below 1000 Hz,
used in the final -f- amplifier /limiter
i fier system is rated at 38 watts /chan- where the THD measurements in-
section of the FM tuner. Four transis- nel continuous output power into cluded small amounts of power supply
tors and nine diodes are used in the 8-ohm loads over a frequency range of ripple, our instrument readings were
interstation muting system to provide 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz and with less than typically about 0.05% at full power,
a smooth, noise -free transition be- 0.5% harmonic and IM distortion. The half power, and one -tenth power.
tween the system's on and off states. preamplifier section has inputs for the When we used a filter in the distortion
Built into the AM /stereo FM receiver receiver's AM and FM tuners, a analyzer to remove the power fre-
is a Dynaquad ambience-recovery sys- magnetic phono cartridge, and two quency components, the THD above
tem that derives the rear-channel high -level Aux sources. There are also 1000 Hz measured between 0.01 %and
signals from two -channel sources for two sets of tape recording input/ 0.02% up to about 10,000 Hz and
a simulated 4- channel sound. There is output jacks, with monitoring pro- 0.05% to 0.1% 10 to 20 kHz.
Bd
POPULAR ELct,Inunn,a
riv
o
-10 SHERWOOD S -7310
II
AUDIO
1 I OU
O dB =1 VOLT
(TAPE -OUTPUT JACKS)
P I I
and the 50-dB quieting sensitivity was
32 pV. The ultimate quieting was very
good in both modes, measuring 72.5
FM SECTION dB in mono and 70 dB in stereo. FM
-20 distortion was 0.32% in mono and, at
,`
2 p IHF SENSITIVITY - - - - STEREO MONO
0.2 %, was surprisingly lower in stereo.
30 The FM capture ratio was 1.8 dB at
III 111111
\\sue TOTAL DISTORTION, NOISE HUM - 1000 pV. AM rejection was a very good
L 11____
RE:100%. MOD. AT 1000Hz 64 dB, and image rejection was 73 dB.
60
-70
ofl
50ÁB
QUIETING
SENSITIVITY
I 1 I
-s
NOISE .
.- ..._._.,._ ,- I
i i il
¡èl`+iÌ`K
The alternate -channel selectivity,
which was essentially the same above
and below the signal frequency (un-
like most tuners), measured 68 dB.
The 19 -kHz pilot carrier leakage into
10 100 IK 4K 10K 30K the audio outputs was 59 dB below
INPUT - MICROVOLTS HV)
100% modulation.
The stereo FM response was ±1.8
The 1000 -Hz THD was below the HI FILTERhad a 6-d B/octave slope, with dB from 30 to 15,000 Hz, with a slightly
receiver's noise level until the output the -3 -dB point
at 5000 Hz. The RIAA elevated output between 2000 and
power reached 10 watts, where it phono equalization was as accurate 10,000 Hz. Channel separation was
measured 0.01 %. It was only 0.02% at as our test instruments can measure, better than 40 dB from 35 to 6000 Hz
45 watts. (The output clipped at 46 varying by less than 0.25 dB from 20 to and was about 48 dB throughout
watts.) The IM distortion was about 20,000 Hz. The equalization was virtu- much of the midrange. It reduced to
0.05% at 0.1 watt, decreased to 0.02% ally unaffected by cartridge induc- 24.5 dB at 15,000 Hz. The AM fre-
between 5 and 10 watts, and measured tance, with a response change of less quency response was relatively flat
0.06% at 50 watts. throughout its useful range. It was
Into 4- and 16 -ohm loads, the +10 down 6 dB at 30 and 4500 Hz.
1000 -Hz clipping power was 52.6 and
29.4 watts, respectively. The IM distor-
tion at very low power levels remained ô
O
IO
11111
11111
11111
11.uu1111u'
,}ii1I
!: =911
111111\
1111
1111111
User Comment. The performance of
the audio section of this receiver
11111 0111111
less than 0.1% down to about 20 mW 11111 SHERWOOD S -7310 111111 speaks for itself. Except for greater
20
and rose to 0.47% at about 1.3 mW. 11111 FM STEREO
AVERAGE BOTH CHANNELS
111111 output power, it is difficult to imagine
The amplifiers required an input of 11111 1111111 how the audio section could be im-
76 mV on AUX and 0.9 mV on PHONO to
produce a 10 -watt reference output
power. The respective noise levels
'-30
_BO
20
11111
¡Nina!".
11111 - 1111I!
CROSSTALK
11111I1111i ; ::::i::.l11111IU
50 100 200 2K 5K IOK 201I
500 1K
1r,'
/d1111
1111111FI
proved upon without a very large in-
crease in price. Similarly, the FM tuner
cannot be surpassed in most respects
measured -86 and -73.5 dB. The FREQUENCY IN Hz
without a substantial increase in price.
phono input overloaded at a very good The dial scales on this receiver, in
95 mV. The tone controls had an ex- than 1 dB in the range between 10,000 spite of being calibrated at unusually
ceedingly wide range, considerably and 20,000 Hz. wide 2 -MHz intervals, are so linear and
exceeding the rated ±10 dB. At 30Hz, The FM tuner had an IHF usable accurate that one has no difficulty in
for example, a boost or cut exceeding sensitivity of 2.0 pV in mono, with 50 interpolating readings and pre- tuning
20 dB was available, while at 20,000 dB of quieting achieved at a very low to any desired channel.
Hz, the range was +15 dB. 2.8 pV. The muting and automatic The receiver's FM muting is com-
The loudness compensation circuit stereo switching thresholds were es- pletely free of noise bursts. Even the
boosted only the low frequencies as sentially the same at about 4.5 pV. In AM tuner, about which there's gener-
the volume setting was reduced. The stereo, the usable sensitivity was 5 pV ally little to say because most man-
1.0
SHERWOOD S -7310 SHERWOOD S -7310
-_II
REFERENCE POWER (38W)
--- -
0.5 .HALF POWER( -3E8) 0.5 N TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
LOW POWER( -1D461 60/7000 Hz l4 I IM DISTORT ON
I
0.2
/.,if\es- RR
OF
..........I 0.1
/ifl_IJifw.\01f ma
IMINIMMR4
cc
O
'NMI
A
-M11M/
=NM/
f
z
.05
á
.02 ,
.01
.005
.005
002
002 0.1 02 05 2 5 10 20 50 100
20 50 COO 200 500 11,H1 21012 511, 10 Hi 20
FREQUENCY IN Hz (CYCLES PER SECOND) zN
CONTINUOUS AND EQUIVALENT
SINE -WAVE POWER OUTPUT PER CHANNEL IN WATTS
AUGUST 1975 65
ufacturers skimp in this area, had a quadraphonic receiver with a basic jority of lower- priced receivers and, in
dead -silent background, low distor- matrix decoder. many respects, the peer of a number
tion, and excellent overall quality. In conclusion, the Sherwood Model of deluxe stereo units costing sub-
Finally, the Dynaquad feature gives S -7310 is an excellent receiver that is stantially more.
as pleasing a 4- channel effect as any demonstrably better than the vast ma- CIRCLE NO 65 ON READER SERVICE CARD
STANTON MODEL 8004 -II RECORD PLAYING SYSTEM

force scale were accurate to within 0.1
Single-play, hell -driven manual with arm and cartridge. gram at all points. Unlike most anti -
skating devices, the calibrations on
this system's dial were exactly correct,
with or without the brush installed.
Except for a measurement of tonearm
resonance, no tests were made of the
cartridge's performance. (The TT681
cartridge is identical, except for the
width of its mounting flange, to the
681EEE cartridge reported on in this
column in April 1975.) The low -fre-
quency tonearm /cartridge resonance
was at about 8 to 9 Hz at a 5 -dB ampli-
tude peak.
The tonearm tracked warped rec-
ords considerably better than most
arms we have used, suggesting that its
The Stanton "Gy- turntable. The entire tonearm / turn- low mass and balanced symmetrical
HIRSCN- ropoise", Mod- table structure, in turn, "floats" on a pivot design provide a direct benefit to
HOUCK the user. The total wiring and cable
el 8004 record soft suspension from the mounting
playing system plate, to which the motor is rigidly fas- capacitance measured 90 p F/channel,
consists of a tened for isolation. which would be ideal for proper oper-
two -speed belt- driven turntable, The "Unipoise" tonearm is pivoted ation of the CD -4 version of the sys-
low -mass tonearm, and high -quality on a single point bearing. The car- tem. Although the capacitance is con-
cartridge. The whole is set into a wood tridge plugs into a slim plastic shell siderably lower than is normal for the
base that has a removable hinged that is fixed to the tonearm's tubular 681 cartridge, it appeared to have no
plastic dust cover. The system comes body. The finger lift extends upward undesirable effects on cartridge per-
completely assembled and ready for from the cartridge shell instead of to formance. The lateral tracking error of
playing discs. the right side of the shell as is the case the tonearm was less than 0.77in. over
The Model 8004 record playing sys- with most tonearm assemblies. the entire record surface and was typ-
tem is available in two forms. The The tonearm is balanced by a coun- ically about 0.6 °/in. of radius.
Model 8004 -11 (which we tested) for terweight. The desired tracking force The turntable speeds were exact.
stereo records is fitted with a Stanton is user set by sliding a small weight on They did not change with line- voltage
TT681 cartridge, while the Model the arm's tube. Tracking -force calibra- variations of 95 to 135 volts. At both
8004 -IV for discrete 4- channel records tion marks are at 0.5-g intervals that speeds, the wow was 0.1% and the
has a Stanton TT -780 cartridge. cover a range of 0 to 4 grams. The flutter was 0.035% (unweighted rms).
The record playing system mea- anti- skating adjustment ring around The unweighted rumble, including
sures 143/4"W x 13"D x 7"H (37.5 x 33 x the base of the tonearm support has both lateral and vertical components,
17.8 cm) with dust cover in place and separate scales for conical and ellipti- was 31 dB down. With RRLL audibility
weighs 103/4 pounds (4.9 kg). It retails cal styli. weighting, this figure became 55 dB
for $199.95 as the Model 8004-II and The system is controlled by three down, which is typical for a high -
$224.95 as the Model 8004 -IV. sliding plastic plates located on the quality record playing system.
motorboard. At the left front is the
General Description. The turntable speed selector. It should be operated User Comment. This is a very com-
platter is driven by a low -speed only when the turntable is stationary. pact record playing system, with a
(300 -rpm), 24 -pole synchronous To the right of the platter are the on /off base that is barely larger than the 12"
motor. The operating speeds are 331/3 switch and the cueing lift control for (30.5 -cm) diameter of an LP disc and a
and 45 rpm, selected by a control that the tonearm. Both the lift and the de- weight that is far less than that of most
shifts the neoprene belt from a pulley scent of the tonearm are viscous contemporary turntables. It does a
of one diameter to a pulley of another damped. There is no automatic arm lift first -class job of playing records, and
diameter. The nonferrous cast platter, or system shut -off. Hence, the tone - the cartridge has been effectively in-
weighing 23/4 pounds (1.25 kg), is sup- arm must be returned to its rest post tegrated into the 8004 system.
ported vertically by the magnetic re- and the motor must be shut off manu- The controls could hardly be sim-
pulsion that exists between two ring ally at the end of play. pler or smoother to operate. The
magnets, one of which is on the rotat- easy -to -use cueing system has no
ing platter and the other on the cast T Laboratory Measurements. The tendency to jar the pickup and no lat-
bar that links the tonearm with the calibration marks on the tracking eral drift during tonearm descent.
66 POPULAR ELm,UnuNICS
Once you become accustomed to the The lack of automatic tonearm pick- platter. If the dust cover is not lowered
rather unusual tonearm finger lift, it is up and return and shut-off is a minor carefully while playing the disc, the
convenient to use. The design of the inconvenience in a manual record edge of the record can rub against the
cartridge and the open face of the playing system. Also minor is our one dust cover and cause a momentary
mounting shell give an unobstructed criticism. There is barely 1/32" (0.79 "wow." Other than this, the system
view of the stylus when cueing the mm) of clearance between the left side performed flawlessly.
pickup. of the dust cover and a 12" disc on the CIRCLE NO. 66 ON REAOER SERVICE CARO
DYNASCAN COBRA MODEL 29 MOBILE AM CB TRANSCEIVER back to a separate microphone am-

Has switches for automatic noise limiter and noise blanker. plifier stage, where it is used to pro-
vide automatic modulation control.
A multi- section network in the
The synthesizer produces the sum power amplifier stage provides match-
frequency of one of six crystals in the ing to 50 -ohm loads. A TVI trap and a
23.290 -to- 23.540 -MHz range and one filter in the transmitter mixer's output
of four crystals in the 14.950 - minimizes spurious responses.
to- 14.990-MHz range. Heterodyning Receiver /transmitter switching is ac-
the resulting -f at the second mixer
i complished with an all- electronic sys-
with an 11.730-MHz crystal -controlled tem that employs diode switches.
signal frequency brings the -f down to
i Using a 13.8 -volt dc power supply,
455 kHz. (A ceramic filter provides the we measured 3.5 watts of carrier out-
selectivity.) put, with 100% sine -wave modulation
MICROPHONE and r -f gain con- The rest of the receiver system con- at 1000 Hz at 2.4% distortion. With
trols, switchable automatic
a sists of two -f stages, diode detector,
i a 6 -dB increase in audio level, the
noise limiter (anl), and a separately series -gate anl, and a three -stage distortion rose to 8 %, and some
switched noise blanker-all rarely audio section that ends in a push -pull negative -peak crossover resulted.
found on mobile rigs -are among the output configuration. The noise Under normal voice operation, how-
features you'll find in the Dynascan blanker gate, located after the second ever, adjacent -channel splatter at this
Cobra Model 29 AM CB transceiver. mixer, is a balanced configuration that point was 55 to 60 dB down. The audio
This FCC type- accepted rig uses minimizes switching- transient noise response of the transmitter was nomi-
crystal synthesis for coverage of all 23 during gating. nal ly 500 to 2800 Hz at the 6-dB points.
Class -D CB channels. Among the Our measurements revealed a re- The radio -frequency tolerance fell be-
more or less standard features you'll ceiver sensitivity of 0.6 pV (better than tween -65 and -775 Hz, depending
find on most mobile rigs, are: adjusta- the rated -µV figure) for 10 dB (S +
1 on the channel in use.
ble squelch, delta tune, and PA cir- N) /N at 30% modulation and 1000 Hz.
cuits; external- speaker jacks; an The image rejection measured 74 dB, User Comment. This is an attractive
S- unit /power-output meter; and while -f signal rejection was 52 dB and
i transceiver, with its satin -finished
transmitter -on and modulation lamps. spurious responses were down a silver-colored front panel accented by
The transceiver is designed primar- minimum of 40 dB. a chromed bezel and chromed control
ily for mobile service. It can be pow- Selectivity provided an adjacent - knobs. The knobs themselves are
ered by any nominal 13.8 -volt, positive channel rejection and desensitization rather small. The channel -selector
or negative ground source through a of 40 dB, with an overall nominal re- knob, owing to its small size, could do
doubly filtered, polarity -protected ceiver response in the audio section of with some knurling to improve its
supply line. Zener diode regulation is 450 to 3500 Hz for crisp voice quality. "grip."
built into the power supply for critical The agc held the audio output to Miniature toggle switches are pro-
circuits. within 12 dB with an 80 -dB r -f signal vided for switching the PA/CB, ANL, and
The 51/2 -pound (2.5 -kg) transceiver change at 1 to 10,000 µV. A 100 -pV NB (noise blanker) functions. The delta
measures 81/2"D x 67/s "W x 21/4 "H (21.6 signal was required to yield an S9 in- control is detented at its center -of-
x 17.2 x 5.7 cm). It comes with a de- dication on the meter. rotation position for convenience. Al-
tachable push -to -talk dynamic mi- The squelch threshold range was though the transceiver uses an
crophone and mobile mounting 0.35 to 250 pV. The maximum receiv- edgewise movement, the meter is
hardware. It retails for $185. ing output was 4 watts at 5% distortion larger and easier to read than is usu-
with a 1000 -Hz test signal, but on PA it ally the case in mobile rigs.
The Receiver. Double conversion is dropped to 3 watts at 10% distortion, The and system is extremely effec-
employed in the receiver section. The both into 8 ohms. tive on many types of low- and high -
r -f input stage is protected by diodes. level noises. On the other hand, the
A diode -type variable attenuator at the The Transmitter. On transmit, the noise blanker was not effective until
antenna input serves as the r -f gain output of the synthesizer is mixed with impulse noise exceeded 1000 pV.
control. an 11.275 -MHz crystal signal to gener- The transmitter's output was a bit
The first conversion is made to an ate the carrier. The driver and power lower in power than is usually the
11.275-MHz -f by heterodyning the in-
i output stages of the transmitter are case, amounting to a neglible 0.75 dB.
coming signal with a signal in the conventionally collector modulated What is more important is the fact that
range from 38.240 to 38.530 MHz, ob- by the receiver's output stage. A sam- the transmitter easily maintained a
tained from the crystal synthesizer. ple of the modulating voltage is fed clean, fully modulated signal.
AUGUST 1975 67
As is common where a microphone control setting for a given degree of cause undue overmodulation or splat-
gain control is furnished, this trans- modulation. However, most users ter with this transceiver, as we noted in
ceiver has no built-in means for accu- would probably crank the gain up all tests with a number of different voices.
rately determining the proper gain the way anyway, which might not CIRCLE NO. 61 ON READER SERVICE CARD
McKAY DYMEK MODEL DA -3 ACTIVE AM ANTENNA Our most interesting results were
Improves AM reception, captures hard -to- receive stations. obtained by connecting the DA -3 to a
communications receiver (Hammar-
lund HO- 180A). Here, a great number
cation to his AM receiver. The non- of distant AM stations, including some
electronic section, the ferrite rod, foreign ones, were brought in. Sound
rests on a post above the base. It can quality ranged from poor to fairly
be rotated and tilted for best recep- good. The latter is about the best the
tion, and it has a set knob to secure its communications receiver can pro-
position. duce since audio is down 6 dB at 400
A power on -off switch and a power Hz and 8 kHz, while speaker quality is
indicating lamp round out the front certainly not "hi -fi."
panel features, while the rear panel As an example of what we received
has a slow -blow fuse receptacle, an ex- with the DA -3 connected to this sensi-
ternal antenna pin jack and an r -f out- tive, highly selective receiver, the fol-
put pin jack. ( A 35" shielded cable lowing stations were received with
with an RCA-type phono plug on one maximum clarity at midday at a Long
end and tinned, bare wire on the other Island, NY, location: WBZ (50 kW),
is included.) Manufacturer's stated Boston; WTOP (50 kW), Washington,
M HAS almost completely dis- sensitivity is one microvolt. DC; and WCAU (50 kW), Philadelphia,
placed AM as a serious listening Overall dimensions are 133/8 "W x 9 which was broadcasting an exhibition
medium for standard broadcast fare. 1/16 "D x 11 "H (34.9 x 23 x 27.9 cm). baseball game. We also got fairly good
There are certainly cogent reasons for Weight is 61/2 lb (2.9 kg), and the an- reception of WYAU (10 kW), Tampa,
this, but AM still has some attractive tenna is priced at $155.00. FL; and WBT (50 kW), Charlotte, NC.
attributes: programs not broadcast on Additionally, a number of foreign
FM, some stations that maintain User Comment. Attaching the broadcasts were picked up, though
good -quality transmissions (to 10 DA -3's output to the antenna terminals none in English at the daytime hours
kHz), and DX'ing opportunities. of an inexpensive transistor radio we were listening. (Foreign broad-
The McKay Dymek Model DA -3 AM brought in a number of AM stations casts are frequently not spaced 10 kHz
"active" antenna makes it possible for that were not previously received, in- apart, so one can often hear them,
one to enjoy all of the foregoing by cluding a few powerful distant ones. though weak, by tuning in on the dial
capturing more AM stations than Sound quality of newly received sta- "cracks" between 10 -kHz divisions.)
normally received and by reducing tions was fair. Connecting the output Clearly, the DA -3 operates admira-
interference from stations that are not to a hi -fi receiver's external AM an- bly. There was no problem in hitting an
desired. tenna terminals produced feedback S9 on the receiver's S meter, though at
howls at some frequencies and in- busy times of the day, it's difficult on
General Description. The ac- terference at others. However, the some frequencies to lift out a distant
powered DA -3 couples a shielded DA-3's manufacturer notes that the station.
ferrite -rod directional antenna with a antenna is designed for normal use The unit is handsomely designed
two -stage transistor preamplifier, with AM receivers not having a built -in with walnut wood endplates, high -
which includes a FET front end. The antenna. This was verified by discon- quality escutcheon and smooth fre-
user adjusts r -f tuned circuits by set- necting the receiver's built -in loop - quency tuning, ferrite-rod rotation,
ting a frequency control to approxi- stick. The result was a dramatic im- and tilt operation. It's suited for per-
mately the desired station frequency. provement in AM reception, which, sons who want to DX the mediumwave
The circular dial is calibrated in nine with the original loopstick, was rather band or substantially improve AM re-
AM frequencies broadly spaced a- poor. In addition to capturing all the ception quality on a well- designed AM
cross the standard broadcast band AM broadcasts that one expects, qual- receiver. Since the DA -3 is an indoor
range of 540 kHz to 1600 kHz. A front - ity of sound was improved in many antenna and strikingly attractive, it
panel sensitivity potentiometer allows instances and a bevy of distant sta- should have wide appeal.
the user to adjust desired preamplifi- tions was brought in. CIRCLE NO. 68 ON READER SERVICE CARO
EXACT MODEL 190 FUNCTION lower -cost Model 195 sweep /function
AND MODEL 195 SWEEP /FUNCTION GENERATORS generator, priced at $149.50. Both in-
struments weigh the same at 2 pounds
Compact instruments provide sine, square, and triangle waveforms.
(0.9 kg) and are housed in 81/2 "D x
73/8 "W x 27/8 "H (21.6 x 20 x 7.3 cm)
RECENTLY, we tested a pair of Danalab). The Model 190 is a "deluxe" enclosures, which makes them very
function generators from Exact function generator that retails for lightweight and compact.
Electronics, Inc. (a subsidiary of $245. The other instrument was the The two instruments share some
variable via a SINE AMPLITUDE control ceeded, mostly) all of their published
to 1 volt rms and 10 mV rms, respec- specifications. We were not equipped
tively, open circuit. Output impedance to run a full battery of tests, but those
is 600 ohms. we were able to perform convinced us
Arranged across the bottom of the that the results obtained would be re-
front panel are six banana -type output peated on those we couldn't perform.
jacks. Starting at the left, they deliver To begin with, the frequency ranges
triangle, no- legend, square, Low -sine, we obtained were greater than
no- legend, and HIGH -sine waveforms. specified, which was no surprise. The
The jacks without legends are com- Model 195's output signal levels were
mon to all of the legended jacks. This exactly as specified for the fixed out-
arrangement permits banana -jack- puts at slightly less than +3 volts on
pair cables to be plugged directly into the PULSE (square) waveform output
the instrument for any desired and 1 volt peak -to-peak on the triangle
waveform without the need for an output. The HIGH sine-wave output at
adapter. maximum amplitude into 600 ohms
The costlier Model 190 function measured closer to 1.3 volts than the
generator does not have built -in published 1.0 volt. The sine -wave dis-
sweep circuits. However, in addition tortion was indeed less than 2%; in
electrical similarities. Both offer the to sine, square, and triangle fact, it barely hit the 1% mark.
user sine, square, and triangle test waveforms, it also provides pulse and The Model 190's bench perform-
waveforms, for example. They differ in ramp waveforms. It has provisions for ance bore out the fact that this is a
frequency range (the Model 190 goes a voltage -control frequency input precision instrument. Its frequency
from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, whereas the (vcF), dc offset control, and a TTL accuracy was well within the 5%
Model 195 goes from 2 Hz to 200 kHz) pulse output. specified, and its response topped 1.1
and the types of test conditions they This is a high -performance function MHz on the top end with the frequency
offer. Also, the Model 195 is battery - generator that has been designed to dial beyond its calibrated markings.
powered for portability (an optional meet the demands of the audio, digi- Sine-wave distortion was about 0.4%
battery eliminator is available), while tal, and servo engineer. It offers con- over most of the instrument's range.
the Model 190 is line powered. (The tinuously variable signal level outputs
Model 190 is also available in a on all waveforms, variable time sym- User Comment. From performance
battery -powered version, Model 196 metry, and a floating output. The out- test results and having used these in-
for $350.) put is substantially higher than the struments for several months, we feel
195's, being variable from zero to 20 that both instruments are good in-
General Description. The low -cost volts peak -to -peak open circuit (10 vestments. We particularly liked the
Model 195 is a special type of preci- volts peak -to -peak into 600 ohms). ease of operation provided by a well -
sion function generator that takes The TTL -compatible output has a fast designed panel control and jack ar-
most of the work out of plotting fre- 25 -ns rise time and will sink 20 TTL rangement. All controls operated flaw-
quency responses. The instrument loads. lessly, and electrical performance was
has a built -in sweep generator that Frequency selection is more precise excellent.
sweeps 1000: 1 (three decades) on any than with the Model 195. Seven push- With a price differential of almost
of the three main frequency ranges. button switches provide the means for $100, how does one choose between
The sweep can be either linear or selecting the desired frequency range these two excellent instruments? The
logarithmic, simply by pressing a in decade steps from 1 Hz to 1 MHz low -cost Model 195 is ideal for service
pushbutton switch. There are also full- range. Then the specific fre- shops, particularly those concerned
three fixed 1000:1 sweep rates to quency can be dialed in via a cali- with general audio repair and mainte-
select from: SLOW (25 s), MED (250 ms) brated rotary control. nance. The built -in sweep generator is
and FAST (2.5 ms). The sweep covers Input and output connectors are very handy for overall frequency re-
20 Hz to 20 kHz in one range for fast five -way binding posts on plugpair sponse checks, while its battery power
audio- equipment response checks, centers that eliminate the need for enables it to be moved easily around
and can be internally or externally special adapters. The ramp and pulse the shop. In conjunction with a good
controlled. modes have their own separate am- scope, the Model 195 would more
The generator can also be used at a plitude control and can be instantly than earn its keep.
fixed frequency anywhere within its inverted simply by pushing a switch. The Model 190 (more expensive)
range. Coarse frequency control is Frequency accuracy of the Model 190 should be useful in engineering and
selected by three pushbutton generator is ±5% of full scale. The top -grade service shops. Its wider fre-
switches labelled 2K, 20K, and 200K, 10,000 -ohm VCF input can accommo- quency span, plus its TTL -level func-
while exact frequency control is via a date a 0-to -10 -volt input to produce a tion output enables its use in all kinds
calibrated control. Separate calibra- 1000:1 (three decade) ratio. The dc of analog and digital circuitry. Other
tions for both the linear and logarith- offset is variable from -10 to +10 features (such as the external vco
mic mode are on this control. Fre- volts open circuit ( -5 to +5 volts into capability) make this a very versatile
quency accuracy in the sweep mode is 600 ohms). instrument for original circuit design
±2% of full range. and critical repair of sophisticated
The output signal level at the HIGH Performance Results. Both in- equipment.
and Low sine jacks is continuously struments met or exceeded (ex- CIRCLE NO. 69 ON READER SERVICE CARD
AUGUST 1975 69
... here Today!
"IGNITION OF THE FUTURE"
"OPTO- ELECTRIC"
ALLISON R! MAC'S SERVICE SHOP
A Simple On -Board Tester
* The BEST...the ULTIMATE...
of ALL the Ignition Systems!
By John T. Frye, W9EGV
(We challenge ANYONE

to dispute this Fact)
"B ARNEY," Mac called out the
back door of the service
shop to his assistant, who was blow-
Now short the test leads together,
I
and the trace flips to a vertical line

(Fig. 2B). The vertical amplifier gain is
ing the dirt out of a TV chassis, "come adjusted to give a 2 " trace. The shorted
in here a minute. want to show you
I test leads short out the horizontal
something." input and cause the full 1 volt of ac to
Never wears out or needs any Maintenance! "Con mucho gusto!" Barney an- appear across R3 and so across the
swered, dropping the air hose with vertical input. Now we're ready to do
alacrity. "Wait till wash my hands.
I
some testing.
Wherever did we get that cruddy set ?" "First let's hook a resistance sub-
Does more than Pay for itself in "From Harry's Bar and Grill. The stitution box across the test leads.
GAS SAVINGS set's mounted behind the bar up near With the resistance in the megohm
the ceiling where it gets all the smoke range, the trace is that of an open cir-
...it gives you Maximum Power from the customers and the greasy
with continuous PEAK PERFORMANCE
cuit: a horizontal line. As the resis-
fumes from the grill. But here's a little tance value drops to about 50,000
...while reducing Maintenance 3
gadget want to demonstrate. Your

and Operating Costs!
I ohms, the horizontal line starts rotat-
South American friends would call it a ing counterclockwise so that, with
The Allison OPTO-ELECTRIC System eliminates the Points 'gray- bearded novelty' because of its 10,000 ohms between the test leads, it
and Condenser, replacing them with an OPTO- ELECTRONIC
TRIGGER, using a Light- Emitting Diode and Photo transistor. actual age and its recent popularity. I is almost 10° from the horizontal; at
As there are NO moving parts in rubbing contact. _Timing
adjustments are PERMANENT. The only "TRUE" Electronic
first ran across it in John F. Rider's The 1000 ohms, it is 45 °; and at 100 ohms, it
Ignition...that you can buy for under $100. Cathode Ray Tube at Work, published is a little less than 10° from the vertical
Gives 40 -Times more Timing Accuracy than ANY system in 1935. In the past few months, it has (Fig. 2C). When the ac voltage is in-
using "Mechanical" Breaker -Points! UNLIMITED RPM!
"Electronically -Controlled" DWELL automatically supplies been discussed in military and creasing in a positive direction at the
HIGHEST Performance at both Low and High speeds Spark
strength does not fall oft at high RPM. POSITIVE SPARK amateur publications. In Navy circles, vertical input and deflecting the spot
helps eliminate "Misfire" for faster acceleration and improved it's called the 'Octopus.' upward, it is increasing in a negative
Engine Performance! Smoother running (No timing fluctuation
as with Magnetic Units). Easier Starting under any condition! "The device (Fig. 1) can be used direction at the horizontal input and
Sparkplugs LAST 3 to 10 -Times LONGER.
with any type of oscilloscope and con- deflecting the spot to the right. (This
All SOLID -STATE Components. UNAFFECTED By Temperature.
Moisture, or Vibration! Highest grade materials Guarantee sists of a 6.3 -VCT filament trans- particular scope deflects to the left
*
you solid. Dependable Performance.
Perfect Timing and Dwell never change.

Pays for itself!Eliminates ignition Tune -Ups forever!
former, three 1/2 -watt resistors, and
two test probes. Half the filament volt-
with a positive voltage at the amplifier
input.) The resultant of the two syn-
"INFINITE LIFE "...Once installed...Never needs replacing. age is applied to a voltage divider con- chronized equal right -angle forces on
PERFECT TIMING INCREASES Engine Efficiency and Gas sisting of R1 and R2, yielding 1 volt ac the spot is the straight line lying half-
Mileage. SAVES Precious Fuel! Allison gives you MAXIMUM
Engine Efficiency 100% of the time and that's the name of at the top of R3. This voltage can be way between the vertical and the hori-
the game for BETTER Gas Mileage and Economy.
applied to any component or combi- zontal. The angle of this line with re-
* PROVEN RELIABILITY!
Dyno Tested up to 15,000 RPM.
nation of components across which
the test leads are placed. The current
spect to the horizontal is a function of
the ratio of the resistance of R3 to the
Road and Race Proven.
(Opto- Electric Systems won at
is limited to 1 ampere by R3. The volt- resistance being tested."
INOY Two years in a row!) age across the probes is applied to the "Neat!" Barney approved. "With a
QUICK AND EASY INSTALLATION
horizontal input of a scope, while the little practice you could estimate at a
* If you want the BEST, and SAVE!
ORDER with CONFIDENCE...
This is IT!
voltage across R3 as a result of the
current through it is applied to the ver-
glance the value of any resistance be-
tween 50 and 25,000 ohms -the val-
Only $4995 tical input. What we see on the scope ues found most often in transistor
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!
COMPLETE. is actually a display of the voltage work."
1 -YEAR FACTORY WARRANTY.
As you can see. you re not taking any
across a component under test versus "Right. Now let's see what happens
chances at all Send your Order Today the current through that component." with a capacitance between the test
State Make, Year, Engine Size. (Calif. Res. add Tax)
(So New...it's Sold ONLY FROM FACTORY DIRECT).
"If you put the leads across a
You may use your MASTER CHARGE or BANKAMERICARD. capacitor or an inductor, you actually TI RI TO
Send us (1) Your Number, (2) Interbank No.. 13) Exp. Date
Before buying any other Type ignition system
have a phase- shifting network, huh ?" VERTICAL
INPUT
Postcard for our FREE BROCHURE. "Precisely. That's how Rider used
* you have already installed a C -D ignition system.
If the circuit. Now let's hook it to the
117V A.C.
TO GND
Modernize and Increase its Efficiency... scope. With an open circuit between
CONVERT YOUR "C -D" UNIT TO BREAKERLESS!
Opto- Electric "TRIGGER UNIT "...Only '34.95 the test leads, adjust the horizontal
I
gain for a 2" trace on the 5" tube (Fig. TO

HORIZONTAL
Our BEST Salesmen are the owners
and users of our ALLISON System' 2A). Under these open- circuit condi- INPUT
tions, the full 1 -volt ac appears across

ALLISON the horizontal input. Since no current
AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY
is being drawn through R3, no voltage Fig. 1. Schematic
1269- P, East EDNA PL., COVINA, CAL. 91722
appears across it or the vertical input. of the testi Jig device.
leads. With 0.1 µF, the horizontal trace
opens slightly to form a skinny hori-
now try the
zontal ellipse (Fig. 2D); but with a
combination of parallel capacitors
that totals 2.6 µF, we get a pretty fair
circle (Fig. 2E). Finally, with 50 pF
across the probes we get a skinny
ACE
ALL CIRCUIT
vertical ellipse (Fig. 2F). Keep in mind
that current leads voltage by 90° in a
EVALUATOR
capacitor and that capacitive reac- from A P PRODUCTS
tance goes down as capacitance goes

up. The reactance of 2.6 pF at 60 Hz is
very close to the 1000 ohms of R3; so the newest
the voltages across the two are equal solderless
but 90° out of phase, a situation that plug -in
produces the circular trace. Lower breadboard
values of capacitance produce less for quick
current through R3 and flatten the cir- circuit
cle. Higher values of capacitance re-
sult in more current through R3 and
checkout send for
free catalog
less voltage across the capacitor, with
a resultant pulling in of the sides of the model 232 shown: 880
circle to form a vertical ellipse. Again,
with a little practice, you can make a 6 models 32 DIP (14 -pin) capacity
all models have plug -in

shrewd estimate of the value of any from $20 $80...
to power distribution system
capacitor from 0.1 to 50 pF." and circuit -building
a size for every matrix on .10" centers
circuit layout
accepts all DIPs and
Inductances. "Wouldn't induc- components with leads up
All products are guaranteed to .032" diameter
tances do the same thing ?" A P PRODUCTS INCORPORATED
to meet or exceed
"Yes. Unfortunately we have no published specifications use ordinary solid wire
Box 110 -H, Painesville, OPoio 44077
(216) 354 -21C1 Twx 810 -425 -2250
calibrated inductor in the range we jumpers to 22 gage
need for demonstrating, but we know CIRCLE NO, 53 ON READER SERVICE CARD
that current lags voltage by 90° across ALTAIR 8800 USERS ! !
an inductance and that the reactance FREE SOFTWARE!... well, almost free
We will send octal & Assembly language
value goes up with increasing listings to anyone sending $3 per package
for postage & handling. If you buy one of
inductance -just the opposite of the
case with capacitance. When place I
our modules, we'll send them FREE.
Package 1: Resident assembler, system
monitor, and text editor for the Altair
LISTEN!
the primary of this transformer across 8800. Really an OS for Assembly lan- We're one of
guage! For example, you can store and call
the leads, we get a fairly fat ellipse programs by name. the country's
Package 2: BASIC language interpreter - largest Mail
slanted about 15 -20° from the vertical this one should be ready by Oct. 75.
We are working very hard at putting the Order Houses
(Fig. 2G). Watch what happens when I Monitor, Assembler into a fast 16K ROM
of Stereo
module for delivery in Oct. 75. SEND FOR
short the output of the transformer: OUR FREE SOFTWARE BROCHURE. Equipment
the sides of the ellipse pull in, indicat- OUR HARDWARE
Remember, if you don't continue to buy and Musical
ing that the shorted secondary has our neat modules we won't be able to Instruments.
provide FREE software. All our modules
lowered the inductance of the pri- just plug into the 8800 bus. Check these.
mary. Inductances, unlike capacitors,
2KRO - Erasable, reprogrammable PROM Our volume buying power enables
have fairly low values of dc resistance,

3P +S-
module. Kit, $50; assembled, $75.
I/O module, 2 parallel I /O's plus a
serial interface for TTY and RS232.
us to pass the savings on to you.
Listen to us ... You can't go
and this resistance accounts for the 4KRA -
Kit, $125; assembled, $165.
4096 word STATIC high speed
memory. Kit, $225; assembled, $280.
wrong.
canting of the ellipse. When open the
I
MB 1 - Mother board, 16 card slots,
Fill out this coupon and mail to address
secondary and put 4 pF of capacitance
in series with the transformer primary
BT1 --
rugged. Kit, $35.
100PC
Bus Terminator module. Kit, $30.
100 pin edge connector, $8.50. below for our latest =ree Catalogs.
across the test leads, the ellipse col-
lapses to a straight line still about 15 to
MMM -1 - COMING SOON ! !
The first in a series of Music

Maker Modules will provide two computer
Narne
controlled tones that go directly to an audio Address

20° from the vertical (Fig. 2H). The
reactance of the capacitor cancels the
PPM -
amplifier! Free driving software.
Smart PROM programmer. Let us
know if you need to program 1702Á's or
City
inductance of the transformer pri- TC +1 -

5203's or both. About $150. 8800 Plugin.
Fully computer controlled cas-
sette transport and controller /interface.
State Zp
mary, leaving only the dc resistance of ID AUDIOCATALOG

the winding, about 200 ohms, between -
This is a really nice one! About $300 kit.
TTK True Timekeeper Module, date and
time down to .01 sec. Alarm and Real
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT CATALOG
PE
the leads. If short the secondary,
I
need 50 pF of series capacitance to

I
VTM -
Time li terrupt too! About $100.
Video Terminal Module, 16 or
more, if we can do it, lines of 64 charac-
ters to a video monitor. Smart memory
produce the straight line. This tells me allocation & very fancy text editing soft-
ware included. About $125!
the unshorted winding has a reac-
tance at 60 Hz equal to that of 4 pF of
Send for our FREE flyer or order now from:
PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CO.
Dept. P, 2465 4th St., Berkeley, CA 94710
DISCOUNTERS
7A AYLESBURY ROAD TIMONIUM, MD. 21093
capacitance, or about 660 ohms. With (415) 549 -0857 13011252 -6880
the output shorted, this drops to the CIRCLE NO. 50 ON READER SERVICE CARD

AIIrOIIST 1075 71
Communications Aeronautical Television
Engineering & Navigational Engineering
Automatic Missile &

Control Spacecraft
Engineering Guidance
Radar &
Sonar Digital Industrial
Engineering Communications Electronics
Microwave Satellite
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Cable Electronic Nuclear Special Programs

Television Engineering Instrumentation for Electronic
Engineering Technology & Control Engineers
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A Division of McGraw -Hill
If you have previous training in electronics, check here o Continuing Education Co.
Employed by 3939 Wisconsin Avenue,
Type of Present Work Washington, D. C. 20016
Veterans and servicemen, check here for G. I. Bill information
AUGUST 1975 75
reactance of the 50 -pF capacitor, or small capacitor across the diode ?"
about 50 ohms." "Let's try it and see. With a 0.1 -µF
SAVE!
MONEY TIME FREIGHT
"I'm beginning to grasp the pos-
sibilities of that thing," Barney said.
"There's more. Watch what hap-
capacitor across the germanium
diode, the vertical portion stays the
same but the horizontal line opens to
pens when put the leads across this
I form a fat 'foot' (Fig. 20). Increasing
IQUALITY STEREO EQUIPMENT
germanium diode with the red lead the value of the capacitor causes this
AT LOWEST PRICES.
connected to the cathode and the foot to get fatter and fatter. At 2 pF, its
be YOUR REQUEST FOR QUOTA-
TION RETURNED SAME DAY.
black to the anode. We get a right influence dominates the pattern, leav-
FACTORY SEALED CARTONS-
angle (Fig 21). Reversing the test leads ing only a little vertical stub to show
GUARANTEED AND INSURED. reverses the position of the angle (Fig. the diode is still getting in some feeble
2J). See the difference in similar tests licks (Fig. 2P). At higher values of
SAVE ON NAME BRANDS LIKE:
A.D.C. KLH with a silicon diode? In either case the capacitance, the diode action is
A.R. SHURE horizontal portion is longer than the swamped out entirely."
DYNACO KOSS vertical portion (Fig. 2K and 2L). Can
SONY FISHER you guess why ?" Transistors. "How about transis-
AND MORE THAN 50 OTHERS "Sure. The vertical side of the angle tors? Can it test them ?"
represents the conducting portion of "Yes. You treat a transistor junction
BUY THE MODERN WAY
the cycle. A germanium diode con- as if it were a diode -which it really is.
BY MAIL -FROM ducts practically from zero voltage, If you put the red lead on the base of a
but a silicon diode doesn't start to pnp transistor and the black lead on
conduct until 0.4 to 0.7 volts in the either the emitter or collector, you get
forward direction appears across it." the pattern in either Fig. 21 or 2K, de-
"Right on! Now let's simulate a pending on whether it is a germanium
illinov aud'a leaky diode by paralleling it with dif-

ferent values of resistance. Note de-
creasing resistance values cause the
or a silicon transistor. The same tests
with npn transistors produce Fig. 2J
for a germanium transistor or Fig. 2L
Department 217S horizontal side of the right angle to for a silicon transistor. A leaky tran-
12 East Delaware move so as to open up the angle (Fig. sistor junction opens up the angle of
Chicago, Illinois 60611 2M). At very low values of parallel re- the pattern just as with a leaky diode.
312 -664 -0020 sistance, we get the vertical line that Resistance or capacitance across a
indicates a direct short. Series resis- junction has exactly the same effect
tance, on the other hand, causes the that it has across a diode."
vertical side of the angle to pivot so as "What if the transistor isn't marked
to open up the angle (Fig. 2N). At high and you don't know which is the
values of series resistance, we have base ?"
over 2000 only the straight horizontal line of an "You touch the red lead to a tran-
open circuit." sistor terminal and touch the black
unique tools,
f handy kits,
"What happens if you put a lead alternately to the other terminals.
°mou.
precision
instruments,
technical
supplies.
Our 23rd year of service to the World's

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A carefully selected and tested assortment

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V National Camera
2000 West Union Ave., Dept. GGA
Englewood, Colorado 80110
(303) 789 -1893
Fig.
M N
2. Traces obtained on a scope using

the testing device on various components.
0 p
76 POPULAR Elm. nONICS

L
Only when the red lead is on the base
will you get almost identical traces
when the black lead is touched to the
other two :' NEW EBMXE
"I think see where you're heading.
I
You've been showing me all these in-

dividual traces so can recognize
I
them when I'm probing combinations

RANO
Designed for the CB owner who wants top perfor-
of components on a printed circuit mance, class, ruggedness and functionality. PACE
board. Right ?" CB 145 is an all 23- channel transmit and receive
"Right. This little gadget which you CB Radio with two weather channels (WX -1 and
can build for only a few dollars has WX-2) for monitoring weather information. Full
the potential of being one of the fast-
est, most informative, most versatile,
legal transmit Dower.
and most reliable troubleshooting in-
struments you ever used. Its uses are
limited only by the imagination and
technical savvy of the user. The one
volt at a maximum of one mA that it
puts out is completely safe to use on
all transistors and low- voltage diodes
and capacitors. You don't have to
worry about bending meter pointers.
You use it without any power applied NOTE THESE KEY FEATURES:
to the equipment being tested, so Noise Blanker Switch PA Control Delta Tune RF Gain Control
there's no danger of a test prod slip- Illuminated S /RF Meter
Transmit and Receive Mode Indicator Lights
ping, shorting something out and CB WX -1 and WX -2 Mode Indicator Lights Plug -in Microphone.
blowing a transistor. Since it is a Operates on 12V DC ( +) or ( -) ground. Suggested retail price $199.95
dynamic test, exposing the unit being See your distributor today.
tested to a continuously varying volt-
PACE COMMUNICATIONS, Div. of Pathcom
age, each readout yields a wealth of Inc., 24049 S. Frampton Ave., Harbor City, Ca. 90710.
information that would require doz- Available in Canada from Superior Electronics Ind.
ens of separate static tests to dupli- Export: 2200 Shames Dr., Westbury, N.Y. 11590. 62
cate. CIRCLE N0.39 ON READER SERVICE CARD
"Just consider what it will tell you: it

indicates shorts, open circuits, ap-
proximate resistance and capacitance
values, inductance, and the quality of
diodes and transistor junctions. It
separates germanium from silicon
McIntosh
CATALOG
diodes, indicates the polarity of such
diodes and separates germanium
and FM DIRECTORY
McIntosh
Get all the newest and latest information on the new Sol-
from silicon transistors and npn from id State equipment in the McIntosh catalog. In addition you will
receive an FM station directory that covers all of North America.
pnp types. It will pick out the base of
an unmarked transistor. It will reveal
the presence of resistance or capaci-
tance across a diode or transistor
junction. You can also use it to phase
_ n_ °
f
9 iR ïi_RN i IN
transformer windings-but there's no

N
MAI 111 1.111 ..°:'.`..,. .1,..1401,.

point in my going on and on. The more
familiar you become with the device,
the more uses you will find for it.
But make it a habit to understand
thoroughly the why of every trace you MX 113
see. Letter the peaks and zero - FM /FM STEREO AM TUNER AND PREAMPLIFIER
crossings of a sine wave and then let-
ter each trace to correlate the spot McIntosh Laboratory, inc.
positions with the instantaneous vol- East Side Station P.O. Box 96
tage and polarity of the applied 60 Hz
sine wave. If you see a puzzling trace,
SEND Binghamton, N.Y. 13904
Dept. PE
try to duplicate it with a diode, a resis- NAME

tance or capacitance box, and possi-
bly an inductance. Doing this will
TODAY! ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP
make an excellent teaching instru-
ment of the little unit." a hurry for your catalog please send the coupon to McIntosh.
If you are in
For non rush service send the Reader Service Card to the magazine.
AUGUST 1975 77
AM
Come;
Alive
1
The McKay Dymek DA3 shielded
ferrite loop AM antenna has a solid
%Ì Solid State
state preamp with tuning and
sensitivity controls. By Lou Garner
Overcomes the two most common AUDIO AMPLIFIERS FOR HOBBYISTS
AM reception problems: strong local
stations "hiding" weaker distant
stations close on the dial, and interfer- WITHOUT question, audio ampli- Along with a broad range of circuit
ence from TV and electrical sources. fier projects, as a class, are the options, today's hobbyists can
Improves inherent long range most popular of all among hobbyists. reasonably expect improved perform-
capabilities of AM- programs This is easy to understand, since am- ance, high efficiency, and relatively
listenable from hundreds of miles. plifiers are used in a myriad of ways: modest costs. Old timers may re-
Increases signal strength 4 to 8 headphone boosters, hearing aids, member the days when a "Hi -Fi" am-
times - really sharpens up AM radio receivers, r -f transmitters
performance in typical hi -fi receivers plifier was one with a reasonably flat
and tuners. (as modulators), TV receivers, elec- response from 50 Hz to, say, 15 kHz
Factory direct -$155.00, ten day money tronic stethoscopes, portable phono- ±2dB, where a total harmonic distor-
back guarantee. Bankamericard and graphs, controls, tape recorders and tion (THD) rating of 5% was consi-
Mastercharge welcome. For more playbacks, intercoms, PA systems, dered acceptable, and an amplifier
information or to place your order, paging installations, and test instru- with a rated output of 25 watts was
call toll free: ments (such as signal tracers and me- "high power." The parts to assemble,
Nationwide 800/854-7769 tal detectors). say, a 2 -watt phonograph amplifier
California 800/472 -7782 In contrast to the vacuum tube era, might have cost as much as ten or
McKay Dymek Co.
today's builder has a broad range of twelve dollars, even though average
q 675 North Park Ave.
Pomona, Calif. 91766 options. He can still use vacuum salaries hovered around $60 /week.
CIRCLE NO 33 ON READER SERVICE CARD tubes, or he can choose an all -IC or an We've come a long way, baby!
all- discrete solid -state design, or a Today's hobbyist expects an amplifier
where the combination of both discrete devices intended for high- quality reproduc-
CB Millions of
ACTION'S
CB radios are in
2 -way
use -millions of new ones are being sold an-
at
and IC's. A builder might select a cir-
cuit using an output transformer or
one using any of a variety of OTL con-
figurations, including direct single -
tion to have a frequency response of at
least 20 Hz to 20 kHz ± 1 dB, while 10
Hz to 40 kHz ±0.5 dB is not uncom-
mon. And while THD might be tolerated
nually to new CBers and for replacing old ended drive, quasi -complementary, or in a general -purpose design, one
units-what a market for repair service. Its the full complementary-symmetry out- would expect a THD of 1% or less in a
biggest thing in electronics since color TV.
There's only one thing wrong with CB put stages. He can assemble a low - high -fidelity instrument. Finally, des-
growth-the lack of technicians capable of power amplifier smaller than a watch pite inflation and an overall higher
servicing CB radios. That's why many TV and with minimal battery drain or, at standard of living, the average exper-
shops are expanding into CB and why new CB
shops are opening up all over the country. the other extreme, he can design an imenter would hesitate to pay much
Going CB servicing rates run from $12 to $24 amplifier with sufficient power to more than five or six dollars for the
per hour.
To get into CB radio servicing, full -time or
shake the walls while running as cool components to assemble a general -
part -time, you need test equipment, an FCC as a cucumber. purpose, medium -power amplifier.
operator license and to learn how. To learn
how, you can buy the CB RADIO REPAIR
COURSE for cash, on a monthly payment plan, SI
or charge the cost to your BankAmericard or Fig. I. A basic integrated
Master Charge account.
To make it easy to study, this 70- lesson
eircirit audio amplifier
course employs the PROGRAMMED teaching CI circuit for the hobbyist.
technique and sticks to the target -CB radio. 100jF
Study at your own pace as you receive the INPUT
self- examining lessons. We can't guarantee
that you will become a CB expert since that
depends on you. We promise nothing except
C
information. To get the facts about this course,
write a letter or card or mail the coupon below
today. No salesman will call.
CB RADIO REPAIR
COURSE, INC.
100K
RI
7
ICI
TAA- 621- A1210v/
5
C21
+I -
230F
Dept. P -8
531 N. Ann Arbor Soon len
Oklahoma City OK 73127 SPEAKER
Please send information about your Course to: CS
Name IOOyF
Address
City State Zip

-t29VNL
005
200 pF iRCA1807
1
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PROTECTION CIRCUIT
D 0;01
v^^2
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82
v
^^
v
D9 0 33
820 5W
INPUT 22
I+
25V - 2µH OUTPUT
DIO 0 33
5W 22 TURNS NO
22 ENAMELED
WIRE AROUND
A 2 -WATT
RESISTOR
D
330
L
M/ Wy
1
-
DI RCAIAIS
200 200 pFF I RCAIB08

D2 5% 0 05
T L 29VNL
Fig. 2. RCA's 4U -watt audio amplifier has full complementary-symmetry Darlington output. 92C4 24144-
7óu don't have to hilly a new car to get an electronic ignition:

Let's face it. After 37 years, even a Phantom III can use a
lift. That's why put a Delta Mark Ten B Capacitive Dis-
...
I
charge Ignition on my Phantom to give her a spark I'd

pit against any '75 model car. went to Delta because they I
aren't Johnny- come - latelys. Delta's been making electronic

ignition systems for over a decade.
Whatever kind of car you drive, you can give it the same great
Delta performance gave mine. I
Mark Ten B Capacitive Discharge Ignition Systems are

manufactured by Delta Products, Inc., a company with a
conscience, and with a proven record of reliability both in
product and in customer relations.
The Mark Ten B really does save money by eliminating
the need for 2 out of 3 tune -ups. Figure it out for yourself.
The first tune -up or two saved pays for the unit, the rest is
money in your pocket. No bunk!
Because the Mark Ten B keeps your
car in better tune, you actually can
save on expensive gasoline. MARK
With a Mark Ten B, spark plugs
stay clean and last longer ... fouling
is virtually eliminated.
r
I want to know more about Mark Ten B CDI's. Send me complete
no- nonsense information on how they can improve the performance
I
of my car.
Name
I
I Address
City State 7ìp
DELTA PRODUCTS, INC.

P.O. Box 1147, Dept. PE, Grand Junction, Colo. 81501
303 -242 -9000
_J
p
L
Mark Ten B, Standard Mark Ten,
assembled $64.95 ppd assembled $49.95 ppd
Mark Ten B, kit .. $49.95 ppd Deltakitr, $34.95 ppd
CIRCLE NO 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD 79
Except for single- transistor circuits nents and a full complementary -
used, typically, in headphone boost- symmetry output stage using a pair of
ers, the simplest design today is one high -gain npn (RCA 1B07) and pnp
using a complete audio amplifier IC. (RCA 1B08) Darlington transistors, the
Monolithic and hybrid devices are circuit was abstracted from RCA
available furnishing outputs of from Technical Specification Bulletin 791.
a fraction of a watt to a hundred or The amplifier is designed to deliver 40
more watts and requiring a minimum watts to a 4 -ohm loudspeaker or 30
of external components. A typical watts to an 8 -ohm load. With a sensitiv-
general -purpose audio amplifier ity of 500 mV, it is suitable for use with
featuring a single IC is illustrated in virtually all standard preamps. Ac-
Fig. 1. One of several designs pre- cording to RCA (Solid State Division,
Somerville, NJ 08876), the amplifier
!r'® WE'LL sented in a booklet published by the
IC's manufacturer, SGS -ATES
Semiconductor Corp. (435 Newton -
has a THD specification of only 0.5 %,
an IM distortion level (at 10 dB below
SAVE YOU MONEY ville Ave., Newtonville, MA 02160), this continuous power output at 60 Hz and
ON FAMOUS BRAND circuit is suitable for a variety of pro- 7 kHz, 4:1 ratio) of less than 0.2 %, and
NATIONALLY ADVERTISED jects ranging from a phonograph to a an IHF power bandwidth at 3 dB below
STEREO COMPONENTS, signal tracer. The rated power output rated power of 5 Hz to 50 kHz. At a -W 1
VIDEO & PROFESSIONAL is 2.2 W with an 18 -volt dc power output, the bandwidth is 5 Hz to 100
PRODUCTS EQUIPMENT source and 4.0 W if a 24-volt source is kHz. Other performance specifica-
WRITE TODAY FOR OUR QUOTE AND
OUR COMPLETE PRICE CATALOG.
used. The -3 dB bandwidth, exclusive tions are an input impedance of 18,000
FAST DELIVERY IN FACTORY SEALED CARTONS of speaker, is 300 kHz and the voltage ohms, and a hum /noise rating 100 dB
FOR IMMEDIATE QUOTE gain is 34 dB. below the continuous power output
CALL (202) 723-6060 In operation, R1 (audio taper) with the input shorted.
THE COST OF YOUR CALL WILL BE DEDUCTED serves as the gain control and input A pair of npn transistors in conjunc-
FROM ANY ORDER OVER S200.00.
bias return. Low frequency roll -off is tion with diodes D3 and D4 form an
determined by series resistor R2 in input differential amplifier, supplied
conjunction with capacitor C3. The by a third npn device which, in con-
6200 CHILLUM PLACE N.W. loudspeaker is coupled to the IC's junction with Dl and D2, forms a cur-
Master WASHINGTON. D.C. 20011
Chge/ output terminal through dc blocking rent source. The input amplifier is
BankAmericard Honored on Mail Orders
capacitor C2. Circuit power is sup- direct -coupled to a pair of pnp transis-
CIRCLE NO I ON READER SERVICE CARD
plied by an external source, either bat- tors serving as a class -A differential
teries or a line- operated supply, con- pre- driver. An npn multiplier balances
trolled by S1, with additional filtering the drive to the complementary -
provided by Cl. symmetry output stage, which con-
Commercially available compo- sists of a pair of npn and pnp high -gain
nents are specified for the circuit. The Darlingtons. Another npn transistor,
IC is an SGS -ATES type TAA 621 Al2, with D5 and D6, serves as a current
comprising seventeen transistors and source for the multiplier and part of
seven integral resistors. the pre- driver stage. Drive overload
Priced at less than two dollars each, protection is provided by an npn and
12 REASONS YOUR CAR net, in unit quantities, the TAA 621 Al2 pnp complementary pair in conjunc-
is supplied in a 14 -pin quad in -line tion with D7 through D10. Feedback is
NEEDS TIGER CDI (staggered terminal) package. applied to one side of the input differ-
Instant starting in any weather - Eliminates Turning from the simple to the ential amplifier stage through a fre-
tune -ups - Increases gas mileage - Increases
horsepower 15% - Improves acceleration sophisticated, the high -fidelity power quency conscious network consisting
and performance - Spark plugs last up to amplifier circuit shown in Fig. 2 of a 15,000 -ohm resistor in series with
70,000 miles - Reduces engine maintenance
expense - Amplifies spark plug voltage should appeal to more experienced a 560 -ohm resistor and 100 -µF
to 45,000 volts - Maintains spark plug hobbyists. Featuring discrete compo- capacitor. Finally, the loudspeaker
voltage to 10,000 RPM - Reduces exhaust
emissions - Dual ignition switch - An
Unconditional LIFETIME GUARANTEE
Installs in 10 minutes on any car with
12 volt negative ground - No rewiring - Most
powerful, efficient and reliable Solid State
Ignition made. TI
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED or money SW IN1614 +29 V NL

back
TIGER 500 assembled $53.95 12)
TIGER SST assembled $42.95 5500 mF
40 V dc
Post Paid in U.S.A. AC
LINE THERMAL
Send check or money order with order to: CUTOUT
29 V NL
r -star Corporation
O. Box 1727
P. C 2 -A
Grand Junction, Colorado 81501 SLOW - BLOW
TYPE 92CS -24141
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED Fig. .1. tiliggcstcrf power sllpplg for circHit ill Fig. 2.
r 1144002 (4)
DI D3
12V
02 03
tI C4
S00yF
(NC) 14
LINE CORD
AND PLUG
1:1.
ICI 6 + (CS
CI
0.50 ECG -740 IorF
RI 3,4,1
IOK 7,10,11,
12
C2
Fig. 4. A two-station
intercom system for use
`VGI INTO
f
in home or office.
SPEAKER SPEAKER
4-S A 4 -611
YOURSELF'
load is driven through a 22 -ohm resis- ted another circuit which, feel, is
I
Discover your
tor shunted by a 2 -pH coil. especially appropriate to our discus- Alpha Brainwaves
The Darlington output transistors sion of audio amplifiers -the two sta-
featured in the amplifier are silicon tion intercom illustrated in Fig. 4. with this professional
devices packaged in type TO -3 cases. Suitable for use in a home, small office Biofeedback System.
Both have a maximum V11,,, rating of or store, the project is inexpensive,
80 volts, maximum collector current requiring relatively few components, Lowest Cost Brainwave Monitor
ratings of 10 amperes, and device dis- and could be assembled by most hob- EICO introduces a price breakthrough in
sipation ratings (up to 25 °C) of 100 byists in two or three evenings or on a the fantastic new field of brainwave
watts. Their dc beta (gain) values are weekend. biofeedback... a completely safe, battery
specified at not less than 1000 nor Small PM loudspeakers are used in- operated, biofeedback system that offers
more than 15,000. terchangeably as both microphones features and sensitivity comparable to
A line- operated dc power supply and output devices, while a single professional models costing much more.
circuit suitable for the amplifier is il- 2.5-watt IC serves as the complete
You Will Be Amazed At What You Hear
lustrated un Fig. 3. amplifier. Potentiometer Rl acts as
The BW -300 will detect your alpha
RCA has specified standard com- the unit's gain (volume) control, Cl as
the input coupling capacitor, C5 as the brainwaves (which occur when you are
ponents for the design. All resistors
output dc blocking capacitor, and C2 totally relaxed) and produce a tone
should be noninductive and, except
and C3 as the input and amplifier varying in frequency according to your
where indicated, 1/2-watt, 10% toler-
bypass capacitors, respectively. A mental state.
ance types. Except for the power sup-
ply, where type 1N1614 is used, all dpdt switch, S2, interchanges the 100% Solid State Circuitry
diodes are type 1N5391. The thermal loudspeaker input and output connec- Reliable All Solid State IC Circuit Design
cutout should be rated to open at tions, providing a "talk- listen" capa- features an active filter that isolates alpha
90 °C. The power supply transtormer is bility. Operating power is furnished by brainwaves and a high -gain low -noise
a Signal Model 80 -4 (Signal Trans- a line- operated dc power supply,
amplifier providing 5- microvolt sensitivity
former Co., 1 Junius St., Brooklyn, NY comprising power switch SI, step -
for easy alpha recognition. The BW-300 is
11212). down transformer Tl bridge rectifier
,
supplied with stethescopic earphones,

Because of the power and gain D1 through D4, and ripple filter
electrodes headband,
levels involved, good audio layout and capacitor C4.
Craig has specified readily available
contact cream and KIT 3495
wiring practice should be observed. WIRED 59.95
instructions.
An adequate common heat sink components for his project. The inte-
should be provided for the Darlington grated circuit, IC1, is a Sylvania type
output transistors. ECG -740, while the gain control is an FREE FICO CATALOG
audio -taper potentiometer with an at- For latest EICO Catalog on Test Instruments,
Automotive and Hobby Electronics, Eicocraft
Reader's Circuit. Mistakes can tached spst rotary switch, Si. Input
Project kits, Burglar -Fire Alarm Systems and
happen. A slip of a typewriter key, and capacitor Cl and high- frequency name of nearest EICO Distributor, check reader
Craig K. Sellen (48 Briarwood Road, bypass capacitor C2 are small ceramic service card or send 500 for fast first class
Wayne, NJ 07470), who contributed or plastic film types, while the remain- mail service.
the slow -sweep wiper control circuit ing capacitors, C3, C4 and C5, are EICO -283 Malta Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11207
featured in our April column, became 20 -volt electrolytics. Leadership in

Craig S. Kellem. Apparently all is for- Layout and lead dress are not overly creative electronics
given, however, for Craig has submit- critical but good wiring practice CIRCLE NO. 23 ON READER SERVICE CARD
AUGUST 1975
should be observed. One loud- tronic Corp. (Solid State and Active capacitor combine to produce 5.625
speaker is mounted in the cabinet with Devices Division, Slatersville, RI H. Circuit Q's of over 500 can be
the amplifier, power supply and con- 02876). Designated type ATF431, realized in practice. A thin -film hybrid
trols, while the second is mounted in a Amperex's new device is the device consisting of dual monolithic
separate cabinet for the remote loca- industry's first practical audio fre- wideband differential amplifiers and
tion and connected to the amplifier quency IC gyrator. In case you've for- four 0.1% film resistors, the ATF431 is
using a length of two- conductor inter- gotten, a gyrator is a circuit configura- supplied in a 10 -lead hermetically
com wire or ordinary lamp cord. tion which is inherently capable of in- sealed TO -100 package.
verting impedances. When terminated Two new series of 8- ampere npn
Device/Product News. A unique by a capacitive load, it presents a cor- silicon Darlington transistors have
device suitable for use in active filters, responding inductive input imped- been announced by RCA's Solid State
tone generators, selective audio am- ance. Thus, a gyrator may be used to Division. Consisting of eight devices,
plifiers, medical electronic instruments obtain relatively high inductance val- type numbers 2N6530- 2N6533 and
and signal processing equipment has ues in comparatively small volumes. 2N6534- 2N6537, these new units offer
been introduced by Amperex Elec- For example, the ATF -431 and a 0.1 -1.1F a choice of V,,,,, ratings of 80, 100, or
120 volts and hF,. of 500 or 1000 min. at
3or 5 amperes. Types 2N6530- 2N6533
Expensive reasons. have device dissipation ratings of 65

watts and are supplied in the
TO -220AB straight-lead version of the
Versawatt package, while types
16 triple diffused 2N6534 -2N6537 have dissipation rat-
5 transistors.
output
Dual relay
ings of 36 watts and are supplied in
TO -66 hermetic packages.
4
Forced
air
cooling.
6 disconnect
circuits. The Fairchild Camera & Instrument
Corporation (Integrated Circuits
4 computer grade Group, 464 Ellis St., Mountain View,
capacitors storing over CA 94042) has added a new 7- segment
square inches
1000 175 joules of energy.
3 of heat -sink
radiating area.
LED decoder /driver to its 9300 TTL
family. A BCD -to -7- segment decoder
with constant -current sink outputs,
the 9374 has low -power latched inputs
which can be driven easily from all TTL
as well as most MOS and CMOS de-
vices. The unit's 15 -mA constant -
current outputs can drive virtually all
common -anode (MAN -1 type) LED
displays directly without the need for
Direct reading external resistors. The device's input
PSO (Parallel -
8 power
meters.
latch and low input load currents per-
mit simplified multiplexed display sys-
2 Series -Output)
*circuitry. tems, while its constant -current out-
put allows the LED anode supply
volt age to be varied between 2.5
and 10 volts without affecting display
Fully complementary
brightness.
1 input to output
circuitry. A new series of infrared LED's suit-
9 Quality
assurance. able for use in control systems, intru-
sion alarms, automatic door openers,
interrupted beam counters, and simi-
lar projects has been announced by
If you're going to invest $1250 in a stereo
power amplifier like our new Mark XXV heralds a new era of amplifier design. GE's Semiconductor Products De-
there had better be good reasons. Write us, and we'll send you all the good partment (Electronics Park, Bldg. No.
We have built all of the above expensive reasons why you'll 7, Mail Drop 49, Syracuse, NY 13201).
reasons and more into our Mark XXV. So
many, in fact, that this new amplifier get what you pay for. Identified as the LED55 and LED56
series, the new devices are gallium -
Components for the Connoisseur
r arsenide diodes which emit non -
coherent infrared energy with a peak
wavelength of 940 nanometers and
are ideally suited for use with silicon
Scientific Audio Electronics, Inc. detectors. Packaged in hermetically
P.O. Box 60271 Terminal Annex, Los Angeles, California 90060
Please send some more good reasons for the Mark XXV.
sealed cases with either flat or lens
Name
cap configurations, the units may be
used as replacements for the earlier
Address
SSL55 and SSL56 devices.
City State 'lip
L Model 2500 lPmjeaemnal Verx_m!_
CIRCLE NO.44 ON READER SERVICE CARD

AAJIN
.oyA Hobby Scene
0.1 Hz. to 100 KHz.
DARK -ON LIGHT
Q. I would like to have incandescent

lights around my home which will turn
on at dusk and off at dawn. Can you
provide me with a circuit?
-E. Cassidy, Los Angeles, Calif.
A. The circuit shown will handle up to

1000 W of power. The selection of
photocell PC is not critical, and any of
the experimenter -type CdS cells
should work. The light level at which your junk box.) If more than one bulb
the circuit changes states can be (11) will be used, wire them in parallel.
selected by varying the potentiometer. Choose the rating of the fuse to agree For only $39.95
(Its value is not critical, and will de- with the total load requirement. Be
Our new FG -2 Function Generator kit
pend on the photocell used. Check sure to adequately heat -sink the triac. gives you all five of the most useful
waveforms for design and testing at one
OUTDOOR ANTENNA COUPLING fourth the cost of previous similar in-
forms can be used) and position it struments. Thanks to improved IC's the
Q. How can couple an outdoor
I close to the ferrite bar or air -core an- FG -2 now features amplitude stability
antenna to a table -model transistor tenna on the back (or inside) of the set. of + 1 db over any range, Sine wave
AM radio to increase its receiv- If a directional external antenna is distortion of less than 1% from 20 Hz. to
ing range? -George Kalenchuk, being used, make sure that the built -in 20,000 Hz. and an output of 4.0 Volts
Saskatchewan, Canada peak -to -peak with adjustable offset. The
antenna is facing the same direction,
offset selector lets you put the positive
A. The easiest way is by inductive or you'll have to put the two coils in-
peak, negative peak, or the center of the
means. At the receiver end of the lead - side a small shielded enclosure to waveform on DC ground. The DC coupled
in, wind a husky coil of wire (ferrite avoid pickup from other directions. circuit keeps the waveforms in exactly
the same position no matter what the
AUDIO- OPERATED RELAY level control setting.
diode across the coil protects the
Q. Do you have a circuit for a simple transistor from inductive surges. An Gray impact plastic case 5% x 6% x
voice- or sound -controlled relay " -J. SCR or triac can be used instead of the 115 Volts 60 cycle power supply included.
Lengenfelder, Trenton, N.J. relay and the switching transistor if
solid -state switching is more desira- FG -2 Function Generator Kit
ble. Also, an active filter (bandpass) shipping weight 3.0 lbs $39.95 PPd
A. The circuit shown here will perform
this function. The Radio Shack could be inserted at the FET output if GET OUR ,
275 -004 relay is used. Its contacts can you want to activate the circuit with
handle 1 ampere at 125 V ac. The only one specific tone. NEW 1975
+6V CATALOG
+6V listing this and other unique kits
,tF R E
MIC
E"
by simply circling our number
on the reader service card.
M
HEP558
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL
O
SIMILAR Wed PRODUCTS CORPORATION
DEPT. PE
2K 219 W. Rhapsody
San Antonio, Texas 78216
CIRCLE NO 48 ON READER SERVICE CARD 85

AUGUST 1975
MACHINE
LANGUAGE
SERVICING ZENITH FOR 1974/1915
PROGRAMMING SERVICING RCA FOR 1975
FOR THE
by Stan Prentiss
8008 These first volumes of a new series contain
(AND SIMILAR MICROCOMPUTERS) full servicing information on each
Written to provide you with the detailed company's entire line of consumer elec-
knowledge you need to know in order to .11 tronics products for the appropriate years.
succsssfully develop your own MACHINE Based on manufacturer's information,
LANGUAGE PROGRAMS! Coverage in-
cludes: Electronics Library these Audel manuals cover color and
monochrome television receivers, stereo
DETAILED PRESENTATION OF THE
'8008' INSTRUCTION SET equipment, tape recorders, and small
FUNDAMENTAL
PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES radios. Each includes fold -out schematics,
ORGANIZING A FLICK OF THE SWITCH 1930 -1950 parts lists, scope waveforms, trouble-
TABLES SEARCH AND SORT ROUTINES
MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS by Morgan E. McMahon shooting guides, adjustment and align-
FLOATING
POINT PACKAGE A words- and -picture tour of the "Golden ment prodcedures, and chassis layouts. In
MAXIMIZING Era of Radio." Aimed at both nostalgia fans the Zenith manual, operating theory of the
MEMORY UTILIZATION
I/O PROGRAM- and collectors, the book contains informa- FC45 color TV line is discussed, and a
MING REAL-TIME PROGRAMMING tion on broadcasting fare, old radio receiv-
CREATIVE PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS wide- ranging solid -state servicing section
ers, early television sets, shipboard radios, is partly based on Zenith's 20 -week training
Virtually all techniques and routines illus-
trated also applicable to '8080' and similar and ham stations. Principal manufacturers course available to all technicians. Also, an
types of micro /minicomputers, with ap- are listed alphabetically, and products that entire chapter is devoted to the functional
propriate machine code substitution. Or- show promise of becoming collector items aspects of the oscilloscope, while much of
ders now being accepted for immediate are illustrated, described by year, price,
delivery at the LOW price of just $19.95.' another chapter covers new stereo cir-
Add $3.00 if PRIORITY mailing service de- number of tubes, type of circuitry, and cuitry (including FM) and four-channel de-
sired. (*Domestic prices.) Order direct many by the number of units made. Sepa- coding systems. The RCA manual follows
from - rate chapters are also devoted to WW2 the same format, and covers some of its
SCELBI COMPUTER CONSULTING, INC. military equipment, the radioman, collect- 1974 line. Test instruments such as DMM's,
DEPT. PEA ing, and how it works. The text is well illus- function generators, and color -bar
1322 Rear - Boston Post Road trated, and includes old advertisements.
Milford, Connecticut 06460 generators, are described in one chapter.
Published by Vintage Radio, Box 2045, Another chapter examines IC's (including
MASTERCHARGE ACCEPTED. MASTER - Palos Verdes Peninsula, CA 90274. 312
CHARGE customers must submit Card #,
complete circuit descriptions), modules
Bank #, Expiration Date, and card pages. $9.95 hard cover, $6.95 soft cover. and motherboards.
holder's personal signature. Published by Theodore Audel & Co., Div. of
DON'T DELAY - ORDER TODAY! Howard W. Sams & Co., 4300 W. 62nd St.,
CIRCLE NO.45 ON READER SERVICE CARD INSTALLING TV & FM ANTENNAS Indianapolis, IN 46206. 527 pages (Zenith,
by Leo Sands not counting foldouts), 384 pages (RCA,
Here's a reference work for those who wish not counting foldouts). $12.95 each, soft
to learn not only how to fasten an antenna cover.
so it will stay upright, but also how to make
moo'
Let us know 8 weeks in advance so that you won't
miss a single issue of POPULAR ELECTRONICS.
the most of available signals. Basic prop-
agation characteristics are discussed, as
well as representative antenna configura-
tions. Transmission lines, lightning protec-
DIGITAL DESIGN WITH STANDARD MSI AND LSI
by Thomas Blakeslee
This book gives a thorough design ap-
proach to today's MSI and LSI circuits. It
Attach old label where indicated and print new
tion, and types of hardware available are shows how to use standardized bargain
address in space provided. Also include your mail-
ing label whenever you write concerning your sub- also treated. Installation procedures for components to handle many system re-
scription. It helps us serve you promptly. maritime and mobile TV antennas are out- quirements and how these building blocks
Write to: P.O. Box 2774, Boulder, CO 80302, giv- lined, and urban and suburban installa- can be traded off with other mechanical
ing the following information:
Change address only.
tions are described. and electrical components for optimum re-
Extend subscription. Enter new subscription. Published by Tab Books, Blue Ridge Sum- sults. Programmed logic and program-
1=11 year $6.98 mit, Pa. 17214. 168 pages. $7.95 hardcover, ming techniques are provided, with de-
Payment enclosed (1 extra BONUS issue)
$3.95 paperback. scription of hardware and software for the
Bill me later
ro
r
,.r
AFFIX LABELS
N-
C
SOLID STATE COMPONENTS
Intel and National Semiconductor micro-
processors.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605
N by Rufus Turner Third Ave., New York, NY 10016. 357 pages.
Solid -state devices have virtually taken $19.95 hard cover.
over many functions previously performed
by vacuum tubes. For those who want to
know what these devices are, how they
work, and what they can do, this book will
'
SYLVANIA ECG SEMICONDUCTOR GUIDE
GTE Sylvania's ECG line of replacement
semiconductors is presented in this
be of interest. It covers not only semicon- catalog and cross -reference. The book
ductor devices (transistors, diodes, and provides replacement considerations,
IC's) but also devices in which the signifi- specifications, biasing, and outline draw-
cant action takes place in other solid mate- ings of the ECG products as well as a re-
rials, such as memorycores and piezoelec- placement directory which cross -
tric crystals. Cross -references to related references almost '106,000 JEDEC types
terms are included. Illustrations include and manufacturers' part numbers to the
pictorials of devices, circuit diagrams, and replacement devices.
characteristic curves. Published by GTE Sylvania Inc., Electronic
É N
ó a Published by Howard W. Sams & Co., 4300 Components Group, 100 First Ave.,
Add'I postage per year: Add $1 for Canada; $2 for al W. 62nd Street, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. 96 Waltham, MA 02154. 214 pages. $2.95 soft
other countries outside the U.S. pages. $3.95 softbound. cover.
Lelo i
Power Amplifier
The new BA 5000 Power Amplifier from Sansui

The most cramatic compo-ient in Sansui's ou-put in stereo old 4, 8 cr 16 oh is
plus 70 volt re
I
new 'DEFINITION" Series, the BA 5000 solid -state ou-put in mono Ara-ing o' 600 watts inb a 16 ce-m
ooww- amplhar is capable o- 300 watts min rms per
channel into 8 ohms, ooth channels driven, from 20
-o 20,DOC Hz, wth no more than 0.1% harmonic dis -
-ortior in the stereo mode. What's more, the BA 5300
disIortion,20 to 20E00 Hz, 6 simply urprecedented
in tansisto-equpment.
The "DEFINITION- er
es also includesthe EA 30C
Junior Monster, cncl the CA 3000 a very h gin qua ity,
}
an be strapped for mono operation to deliver 600 low distorton preamplifier.
.watts rms uncle- tl'e same conditiors. For profess cnals, sophis-icatea :udicphi es
A true mc- steramplifier. and monster lour everywhere. See t and touch
But that's not all. Un ke oihe- solid -state if i-you wish at you nearest Sansui frcnc-i3ed
ompl Ter, the ßA 5333 has o huce, laboratory- dealer or write br comnplete literature
it
qua output l ansformer, encblinc it to de iver
-aced power ins 2, 4 0- 8 ohms plus 25 volt line
SANSUI ELECTRONICS CORP.

Woodside. New York 11377 Gardena, Ccifarnra 902417
SANSUI EL=C -RIC CO. LTD. Tokyo, Japan SANSUI AUDIO EL ROPE S.ò. Antwe.r, 3elgiurn
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AN ALPHA MONITOR
Edmund quality, TEMoo mode, cold cathode for
long life. Completely self- contained units; solid
FOR $34.95?
state power supply; 110v AC. 0.3mW min
GREAT GENERAL PURPOSE LASER: 1.2mm
- Yes, because you build it! Use your ability
to tune in your brainwaves, an aid to relax-
beam dia., 2.OmRad beam Diverg. ation, concentration. Kit incls. everything
Stock No. 79,061AV $115.00 Ppd. you need (except 9v trans. batt.) to own a
1.0mW min- HI- PERFORMANCE LAB LASER: 1.2mm beam dia., 1.OmRad beam portable self -cont. BIOFEEDBACK unit for a
pittance: steth. earphones, electrode headband, solid -state circuitry; 5 microvolt
Diverg.
3.0mW min
beam Diverg.
-
Stock No. 79,050AV
DEPENDABLE HI- POWERED LASER: 1.0mm beam dia., 0.8mRad
$180.00 Ppd. sensitivity, more! Compl. assembly instructions & op. manual. With basic elec-
tronics knowledge, you can do it!
No. 61,069AV ... (KIT) $34.95 Ppd.
Stock No. 79,052AV $350.00 Ppd. No. 71,809AV ... (FULLY ASSEMBLED) $55.00 Ppd.
The MOST POWERFUL BUILD A SOLAR HOME

SOLAR CELL! " AND SAVE!
World's biggest (3" dia.), strongest silicon 1 1 t
Beat the energy crisis -build a modern 10
cell delivers over 1 amp. at .5v D.C. or /2W. 5 1
room solar heated & air conditioned home
times more efficient per cost than ever before!
Only 1 mil thick. Tab leads for any circuit, designed by famous ecological architect Mal-
100's of applications. Hook in series for more voltage; parallel-more current. Real com B. Wells! Its 10- yr.- proven Thomason
breakthrough! "Solaris System" can cut conventional heating
costs as much as much as 2/3! Your builder can modify or use as -is the complete
No. 42,270AV $19.95 Ppd. blueprints included with "Solar House Plans Ill" (by Edmund, Homan Thomason &
2" DIA. 500 mA. ar .5v
No. 42,145AV
Wells). Estimated $40,000 building cost. 48 -pg book shows all pro's and cons.
$9.95 Ppd.
PIE -SHAPED 1/4 2" DIA. 100 mA. ar .5v
Illustr.
No. 42,146AV $5.50 Ppd. No. 9469AV ... (81h ° 11" PPRBK) $24.95 Ppd.
PRO ELECTRONIC WHICH ARE YOUR

SOUND CATCHER CRITICAL DAYS?
Can Bio-rhythm tell you? We're not sure, but
Parabolic mike w/ 18 -3/4" reflecting shield we're told that vast mood shifts are caused by
& 2 I.C.'s in amplifier magnifies signals your body's Internal Time Clock whose
100X that of Omni- directional mikes. Catch rhythms can be charted ahead to possibly
warn you of "critical" days. Some are great,
a songbird 1/z mile off; OB's huddle strategy;
some blah. Maybe it's your physical, emo-
sounds never before heard. Super directivity tional & Intellectual rhythms converging at
gives highest signal to noise ratio poss. Safe: auto. cuts off ear damaging noises. the right or wrong time. Compute your cycles
Earphones, tape recorder output, tripod socket. Req. two 9v trans. batt. (not incl). with our Bio- rhythm kit and judge for your-
self. Inds Charting kit, metal Dialgraft Calc.,
No. 1649AV ...
(51/2 LB.) $299.00 Ppd.
Stock No. 71,949AV
instrs.
$11.50 Ppd.
BIG EAR "TOY" MODEL #80,176AV $32.25 Ppd. I YR. PERSONALIZED REPORT BY COMPUTER
Stock No. 19,200AV ... (send Birthdate) $15.95. Ppd.
SUPER POWER FOR CAN'T SLEEP, RELAX?

ANY AM RADIO TRY THIS!
New antenna assist turns a tiny transistor into a Electronic sound conditioner simulates 4
tiger, has pulled in stations 1000 miles away! kinds of soothing sounds of ocean surf and
Just set it beside your radio (no wires, clips, rain. "White sound" helps mask unwanted
grounding) and fine -tune Select-A- Tenna's dial t,. noise, adds restful, intriguing background
to same
Terrific for
frequency - "Gangbusters "!
sportsmen, vacationers. Great for clearing weak signals in radio de-
sound. Program the solid -state unit to
your own need: 2 surf, 2 rain, or "white sound ", proven by medical tests to have
pressed area, off -coast islands, stations in crowded frequencies. Solid state
uses no electricity, batts., tubes. Works almost forever.
- analgesic effects. Great for meditation, restlessness, sleeplessness psychology.
(A) -No. 71,997AV ...
(71 x7 x31/2") 110V AC $79.95 Ppd.
(8) -AS ABOVE, BUT "WHITE SOUND" ONLY
Stock No. 72,095AV $15.95 Ppd. No. 71,980AV ...
(6" Rd. x3'/x Hi) $28.00 Ppd.
MAIL COUPON FOR

GIANT FREE
r EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO. 300 Edscorp Building, Barrington, N.1.080í.
CATALOG! PLEASE SEND GIANT

How Many Stock No. Description Price Each Total
180 PAGES MORE THAN FREE CATALOG "AV"
4500 BARGAINS
Completely new 1975 edition. New ,terns, caregon dlustroiions. Dozens
of electrical and electromagnetic ports, accessories.sEnormous selection of
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Astronomical Telescopes. Unique lighting end ecological items. Mi-
croscopes, Binoculars, Magnifiers, Magnets, Lenses, Prisms. Hard-to -get- Interbank No.j INESIM
surplus bargains. Ingenious scientific tools. 1000's of components.
My Card No. Is
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CIRCLE NO 24 ON READER SERVICE CARO
88 POPIILAR FIFI'.TRONICS
ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE t;
NON -DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: COMMERCIAL RATE: For firms or individuals offering commercial products or services, $1.80 per word (including name and
address). Minimum order $27.00. Payment must accompany copy except when ads are placed by accredited advertising agencies. Frequency discount; 5% for 6
months; 10% for 12 months paid in advance. READER RATE: For individuals with a personal item to buy or sell, $1.10 per word (including name and address.)
No minimum! Payment must accompany copy. DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: 1" by 1 column (2 -1/4" wide), $215.00. 2" by column, $430.00. 3" by column, $645.00. 1 1
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GENERAL INFORMATION: First word in all ads set in bold caps at no extra charge. All copy subject to publisher's approval. All advertisers using Post Office
Boxes in their addresses MUST supply publisher with permanent address and telephone number before ad can be run. Advertisements will not be published
which advertise or promote the use of devices for the surreptitious interception of communications. Closing Date: 1st of the 2nd month preceding cover date
(for example, March issue closes January 1st. Send order and remittance to POPULAR ELECTRONICS, One Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016,
Attention: Hal Cymes.
ALPHA/THETA BRAINWAVE biofeedback instruments. CARBON FILM RESISTORS. Brand new as low as 2 -1/4
FOR SALE Analog instruments from $125; digital processing systems cents. FREE samples and specifications. COMPONENTS
from $225. BioScan, Box 14168 -E, Houston, Texas 77021. CENTER-PE, Box 134, New York, NY 10038.
SURPRISE! Build inexpensively, the most Unusual Test CIRCUIT Collections: 20 useful circuits you can build.
FREE! Bargain Catalog- 1.C.'s, LED's, readouts, fiber Instruments, Futuristic Gadgets' using Numerical Includes schematics, parts list, description, $3.98. RJE
optics, calculators parts & kits, semiconductors, parts. Readouts! Catalogue Free! GBS, Box 100A, Green Bank, Company. 28 Park Street, Jamestown, N.Y. 14701.
Poly Paks, Box 942PE, Lynnfield, Mass. 01940. West Virginia 24944. DATA SHEETS
GOVERNMENT Surplus Receivers. Transmitters,
Snooperscopes, Radios, Parts, Picture Catalog 25 cents.
Meshna, Nahant, Mass. 01908.
LOWEST Prices Electronic Parts. Confidential Catalog
ELECTRONIC IGNITION: Capacitor, transistor, pointless.
Auburn sparkplugs. Information 10 cents. Anderson
Engineering, Epsom, N.H. 03234.
WHOLESALE Scanners, CB, Crystals, Directories,
FREE REDUCE YOUR PROJECT COSTS
WITH EVERY ITEM
749 IC WITH
EVERY $10 ORDER*
Free. KNAPP, 3174 8th Ave. S.W., Largo, Fla. 33540. SSB/AM, Catalog 25 cents. G- Enterprises, Box 461P,
MONEY -BACK GUARANTEE
Clearfield, Utah 84105.
ELECTRONIC PARTS, semiconductors, kits. FREE FLYER. 24 -HOUR SHIPMENT
Large catalog $1.00 deposit. BIGELOW ELECTRONICS, LEARN DESIGN TECHNIQUES. Electronics Design
Newsletter. Digital. linear construction projects, design
ALL TESTED AND GUARANTEED
Bluffton, Ohio 45817.
theory and procedures. Annual subscription $6.00. sample
RADIO -T.V. Tubes -36 cents each. Send for free catalog. TRANSISTORS (NPN):
copy $1.00. Valley West, Box 2119 -B, Sunnyvale. California 2N3563 TYPE RF Amp & Osc to GHz (p1.2N9181 6/$1.00
Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105. 1
94087. 2N3565 TYPE Gen. Purpose High Gain (TO- 92/106) 6/$1.00
AMATEUR SCIENTISTS, Electronics Experimenters, 2N3567 TYPE High-Current Amplifier /Sw 500 mA 4/51.00
TELEPHONES UNLIMITED, equipment, supplies. Catalog
Science Fair Students...Construction plans -Complete, 2N3866 TYPE RF Power Amp 1.5 W 8 450 MHz $1.50
50 cents. Box 1654E, Costa Mesa, Calif. 92626.
-- - -
including drawings, schematics, parts list with prices and
AUTHENTIC, INSTRUMENTED, FLYING ROCKETS for
253903 TYPE GP Amp & Sw to 100 mA and 30 MHz
253919 TYPE RF Power Amp 10.25 W @ 3-30 MHz
6/51.00
$3.00
--
sources...Robot Man Psychedelic shows Lasers
254274 TYPE Ultra-High Speed Switch 12 os 4/$1.00
Adapter -
Emotion/Lie Detector Touch Tone Dial
Transistorized Ignition
Quadraphonic
Burglar Alarm
Sound Meter...over 60 items. Send 50 cents coin (no
- casual or serious experimenters. Over 80 scale original,
multi -stage or ready -to -fly models. Solid- propellant
engines for safe, electric launch system liftoffs up to 2,500
MPS6515 TYPE High -Gain Amplifier hFE 250
Assort NPN GP TYPES, e.g. 253694, 2N3903, etc. (15)
2N3638 TYPE (PNP) GP Amp & Sw to 300 mA
3 /51.00
$2.00
4 /$1.00
stamps) for complete catalog. Technical Writers Group, feet. Measure altitude, temp. inversions, more. Real 2N4249 TYPE (PNP) Low-Noise Amp 111A to 50mA 4/$1.00
Box 5994, University Station, Raleigh, N.C. 27607. telemetry, electronic tracking, aerial still and movie photo- FE Ts:
graphy with super- miniaturized equipment. New, detailed N- CHANNEL (LOW-NOISE)
METERS -Surplus, new used, panel or portable. Send for 2N4091 TYPE RF Amp & Switch (10 -18 /1061 3/$1.00
list. Hanchett, Box 5577, Riverside, CA 92507. tech manual and full-color catalog. 25 cents from ESTES
2N4416 TYPE RF Amplifier to 450 MHz (70 -721 2/51.00
INDUSTRIES Dept. 18M, Penrose, Colo. 81240. 2N5163 TYPE Gen. Purpose Amp & Sw (T0 -1061 3/$1.00
WE SELL CONSTRUCTION PLANS. TELEPHONE:
Answering Machine, Speakerphone, Carphone, DIGITAL ELECTRONICS! Highly effective course brings 2N5486 TYPE RF Amp to 450 MHz (plastic 2N44161 3/$1.00
immediate results, $10.00. Satisfaction or $11.00 refunded) E100 TYPE Low-Cost Audio Amplifier 4/$1.00
Phonevision, Auto Dialer, Touch Button Dialer. Central 17E4868 TYPE Ultra -Low Noise Audio Amp 2/$1.00
Dial System. TELEVISION: $35.00 Color Converter, Video Plans, Projects, Free Literature. DYNASIGN, Box 60A7,
TIS74 TYPE High -Speed Switch 4052 3/$1.00
Tape Recorder. $25.00 Camera. HOBBYIST: Electron Wayland, Mass. 01778. Assort. RF & GP FET's, e.g. 2N5163, MPF102, etc. (81 $2.00
Microscope, 96 Hour Tape Music System, Ultrasonic Dish- UNSCRAMBLERS: Fits any scanner or monitor, easily ad- P-CHANNEL:
washer, Radar -Oven, Plans $4.95 each. NEW ITEM: $75. justs to all scrambled frequencies. Only 4" square $29.95. 2N4360 TYPE Gen. Purpose Amp & Sw (T0 -106) 3/51.00
E175 TYPE High -speed Switch 125a (TO -1061 3/$1.00
Electronic Pocket Calculator, $7.50. COURSES: Telephone fully guaranteed. Dealer inquiries welcomed. PDO
Engineering $39.50. Detective Electronics $22.50, Electronics, Box 841, North Little Rock, Arkansas 72115. SUMMER SPECIALS:
Integrated Circuit Engineering, $49.50. NEW SUPER ELECTRONIC parts, low prices, free flyer: DARTEK ELEC- 1N4154 DIODE 30 V/10mA -1N914 exc. 30 V 20/51.00
HOBBY CATALOG plus year's subscription to Electronic TRONICS, Box 2460, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. 253904 NPN TRANSISTOR GP Amp & Switch 5/$1.00
News Letter AIRMAILED $1.00. Don Britton Enterprises, U.S. Inquiries. 2556 DUAL 555 TIMER 1 psec to 1 hour (DIP) 51.00
6200 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90048. 2N2222 NPN TRANSISTOR GP Amp &Switch 5 /51.00
SURPRISE! SURPRISE! Digital Piano Tuning Device tunes 2N2907 PNP TRANSISTOR GP Amp & Switch 5 /51.00
Greatest Values -
MECHANICAL, ELECTRONIC devices catalog 10 cents.
Lowest Prices. Fertik's, 5249 "D ",
Philadelphia, Pa. 19120.
musical instruments Accurately! Perfectly! Inexpensively!
Construction -Instruction -Plans Complete $12.95 Airmailed
2N3553 RF Power Amp 5 W @ 150 MHz, 10 W @ 50 MHz
BUILD IN ONE HOUR!
$2.00
Postpaid! Moonlighting quickly repays $40 electronics in- 8 -DIGIT MEMORY CALCULATOR KIT-Pocket size, 5 function
SOUND SYNTHESIZER KITS-Surf $12.95, Wind $12.95, vestment! GBS, Box 100P, Green Bank, West Virginia ( +- z + %1, addressable memory with individual recall plus constant
Wind Chimes $17.95, Electronic Songbird $6.95, Musical 24944.
and floating decimal. Timed display turnoff (saves batteries). Easy
Accessories, many more. Catalog tree. PAIA Electronics, PYROTECHNICAL chemicals. casings, fuse, tools,
- to assemble. Everything you need -ICs, keyboard, LED array, hand-
-`
Box J14359, Oklahoma City, OK 73114.
r-
literature, supplies. Catalog -50 cents, with samples some caw, etc.; lust add solder and batteries. $19.95
BUGGED ? ?? New locator finds them fast. Write, Clifton, $2.00. Westech, Logan, Utah 84321. LINEAR IC's:
11500-L N.W. 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33168. READ AND USE MICROCOMPUTER Hardware/Software 308 Micro -Power Op Amp ITO.5/MINI -DIPI $1.00
ideas in ECS monthly. Write for free catalog and subscrip- 309 K Voltage Regulator 5 V A 1T0.31 $1.50
DISCOUNT PRICES
1
tion inf. MP Publishing Co. Box 378P, Belmont, Massa- 324 Quad 741 Op Amp, Compensated (DIP) $1.75
80 2 -5 Watt Audio Amplifier 34 dB (DIP) $1.29
B &K, SENECORE, LEADER, RCA chusetts 02178.
55X Timer /a-1 hr. Dd. pinout from 555 (DIP)
1 $ .85
EICO, FLUKE and HICKOK RECONDITIONED Test Equipment. $0.50 for catalog. 09 Popular Op Amp (DIP/TO -51 $ .29
Test Equipment Walter, 2697 Nickel, San Pablo, CA 94806. 23 Voltage Regulator 3 -30 V@ 1.250mA (0IP/TO -51 S .58
ICC/Servicemaster. RCA and Raytheon Tubes 739 Dual Low -Noise Audio Preemp /Op Amp (DIP) $1.00
Complete line of electronic supplies 458 Dual 741 Op Amp (MINI-DIP) $ .65
41 Freq. Comp. OP AMP (0IP/TO -5 /MINI -DIP) 3/$1.00
Free Catalog 7400 SERIES T.T.L. DIODES:
FORDHAM RADIO SUPPLY CO., INC.
,558 Morris Ave. Bronx, N.Y. 10451 PINOUT HANDBOOK ZENERS- 400mW, Specify Voltage 3.3, 3.9, 4.3, 5.1, 6.8, 8.2,
9.1, 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 24, 27 or 33V (±10%) 4 /51.00
COVERS ENTIRE 5 40 0/7 40 0 SERIES D.I.R I.C.'S
153600 TYPE Hi-Speed Sw 75 V/200 mA 6/51.00
PIN CONNECTIONS - FUNCTIONAL SPECS 1N3893 TYPE RECTIFIER Stud Mount 400 V/12 A 2/51.00
FREE CATALOG. Parts, circuit boards for POPULAR -
CROSS REFERENCE ONLY $2.95 FRON: 1N914 w 1N4148 TYPE Gen. Purp. 100V /10mA 10 /51.00
ELECTRONICS projects. PAIA Electronics, Box C14359, TTL PINOUT HANDBOOK; Ies ASSOCIATES, INC. D5 VARACTOR 5-50 W Output @ 30.250 MHz, 7 -70 pF $5.00
Oklahoma City, OK 73114. 1298 E 14TH 5T.. SAN LEANDRO, CAL. 94577 F7 VARACTOR 1 -3 W Output @ 100 -500 MHz, 530 pF 51.00
INCL. 304 PSTG..(CALIF RES ADD 204 SLS. TAX)
TELEPHONE "BUGGED "? Countermeasures Brochure *MAIL NOWT FREE DATA SHEETS supplied with every item from this
ad. FREE ON REQUEST -749 Dual Op Amp 31.00 value) with every
$1.00, Negeye, Drawer 547, Pennsboro, W. VA 26415.
order of $10 or more, postmarked prior to 9/30/75. ORDER TODAY -All
HEAR POLICE /FIRE Dispatchers! Catalog shows items subject to prior sale and prices subject to change without notice. All
exclusive directories of "confidential" channels, receivers. MONITOR RECEIVER, Preamp, Scanner, UHF Converter items are new surplus parts -
100% functionally tested.
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG offering hundreds of semiconductors not
Send 10 cent stamp. Communications, Box 56 -PE, kits. Hamtronics, 182 Belmont, Rochester, NY 14612. lined hem. Send 104 stamp.
Commack, N.Y. 11725. FREE giant bargain electronic catalog listing thousands of TERMS: All orders must be prepaid. We pay postage. $1.00 handling
charge on orders under $10. Calif. residents add 6% sales tax. Foreign
CONVERT any television to sensitive, big -screen oscillo- components, tubes, transistors, IC's, kits, test equipment. -
orders add postage. COD orders -
add E1.00 service charge.
scope. Only minor changes required. No electronic ex- EDLIE'S, 2700-PF Hempstead Tpke., Levittown, N.Y. 11756.
A DVA
perience necessary. Illustrated plans. $2.00. Sanders, CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Laser, $2.00. TV Camera,
Dept. A -33, Box 92102, Houston, Texas 77010. $3.95. Catalog. Technologic, Box 5262, Orchard Lake,
CD IGNITIONS, VHF /UHF monitors, crystals, CB radios, Michigan 48033.
Southland, Box 3591 -B, Baytown, Texas 77520. FREE Bargain Catalog. Ultrasonic devices, LEDS, tran-
ELECTRONICS
CRYSTALS, Scanners, $3.88, include make and frequency. sistors, IC's, keyboards, Xtals, unique components. BOX 4181 AN, WOODSIDE, CA 94062
G Enterprises, P.O. Box 461PC, Clearfield, UT 84105. Chaney's, Box 15431, Lakewood, CO 80215. Tel. (415) 851 -0455
AUGUST 1975 89
-
BUILD YOUR OWN TV CAMERA!
Ideal for home & business
THE ECONOMICAL ANSWER TO HOME MON-
ITORING OF NURSERIES,
DRIVEWAYS...BUSINESS awl
SURVEILLANCE...ITV..,AMATEUR
ENTRANCES,
INDUSTRIAL
TV PLUS
- UNIVERSAL TTL/DTL /CMOS IC TESTER 100,000 test op-
erations in 0.66 seconds. Will test 16/14 pin digital ICs.
Circuit is easy to understand and build. ICs needed cost
less than $20.00; All are TTL. Plans $1.40. NORTHSTAR
ENGINEERING, 3617 North Crede Drive, Charleston, WV
UNUSUAL digital plans for games, test equipment, others.
FREE info. T. Wong, 103 E. Broadway, Dept. 4B, New York,
NY 10002.
DISTRESS! Liquidation means lowest prices available
7400, 9300, 9000 series TTL. Send stamp for list. ANTEL,
HUNDREDS OF OTHER APPLICATIONS. 25302. 216C Univ. Pk., Ithaca, NY 14850.
MODEL ST -IA, SERIES D - KIT FORM 5185'
ASSEMBLED 5275. SOLID- STATE. WORKS ON MEMORY -2102-1K Static RAM, $3.75, Quantity discount,
ANY TV SET. OPTIONAL SOUND KIT 528.95. computer components, digital clock kits. Send for free list.
1301 "ROADWAY
PHONE
ATV Research
or WRITE for catalog. D VI
DAKOTA CITY, NE. 68731

402- 981-3771 Digitex, 2603 West Davis, Dallas, Texas 75211.
AVOID electric shock device, Popular Electronics 4/74.
80 MHz COUNTER
GFI transformer $11.50, toroid $6.00. Lotronics, P.O. Box
ALTAIR OWNERS -we have accessory boards, com-
ponents, memories, etc. Boards, IC Kits tor most popular
minis. Mini Micro Mart, 1618 James, Syracuse, NY 13203.
975, El Cerrito, CA 94530.
BUILD THAT ELECTRONIC ORGAN YOU ALWAYS
j %i i 1-i i=r
WANTED AT A PRICE YOU CAN AFFORD. Third edition of

500 MHZ PRESCALER assembled and tested complete "Organ Builder's Guide," pictured product kit line, cir-
with cabinet and power supply $99.95. 200 MHZ counter kit cuits, block diagrams, design rationale using IC divider
less cabinet $139.95. Davis Electronics, 636 Sheridan Dr., and independent generators with diode keying. $3.00 post-
Tonawanda, NY 14150. (716) 874 -5848 -9. paid. Also, free brochure on keyboards. DEVTRONIX
DIAGRAM Manuals, Radio -Television, useful. 14 vol- ORGAN PRODUCTS, Dept. C, 5872 Amapola Dr., San
umes, normally $44.00, only $19.95 postpaid. Supreme Jose, CA 95129. Lhg7eae,A so..:rncoucc. cou.,cn ",. to. ,, ..c...o
Publications, 1760 Balsam, Highland Park, IL 60035. NEARLY Invisible HAM or SWL Hertz Antenna. 130 foot
DIGITAL multimeter, frequency counter, time modules and long stranded stainless steel wire with miniature PROFESSIONAL QUALITY
mainframe -assembled. Low cost -Free brochure. Feral!'
Research Corporation, P.O. Box 386, Elizabeth, PA 15037.
insulators, $12.80. Wilcox Electronics, Box 1331, S.L.C.,
Utah 84110.
Ideal for Calibration
monitoring of Ham
$275
* and frequency
Rigs, CB sets, and
other frequency dependent projects The HP 5381A
Counter covers 10 Hz to 80 MHz and combines econ-
omy with lab quality and performance. Sharp seven
digit readout. High stability crystal. Time base. 25 mV
sensitivity. Three position input attenuator. Rugged
aluminum case Other frequency counters at 225 MHz,
INTEL 8080 CPU $169.00 TRANSISTOR SPECIALS C/MOS (DIODE CLAMPED) 500 MHz, 1100 MHz. For information and catalogs
8008 8 BIT MICRO PROCESSING 2N6517 NPN Si TO-92 4/$1.00 74CO2 -$
.50 CD4019-$ .58 write Larry Johnson, H.P., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd.,
CHIP (with data book) $35.00 2N5086 PNP Si TO-92 4/51.00 74C10 -$
.50 CD4022-$1.25 Santa Clara, CA 95050. 'oom<sile USA P,ur<o,'I.
g
2102 -2 1024 BIT RAM $5.00 2N4898 PNP TO-66 $ .60 74C157-$2.00 CD4023-$ .30
5202A UV PROM $19.00 2N404 PNP GE TO-5 5/$1.00 74C165-$3.50 CD4024-$1.00
MM5203 UV PROM $19.00 2N3919 NPN Si TO-3 RF $1.50
CD4001-$ .30 CD4025-$ .30
MINIATURE TRIM POTS
MPSA13 NPN Si TO-92
2N3767 NPN Si TO-66
3/$1.00
.70 CD4002-$ .30 CD4026-$ .67 HEWLETT PACKARD
5K. 10K. 25K, 50K, 100K, 200K 2N2222 NPN Si TO-18 5/ 1.00 CD4006-$1.50 CD4027-$1.20
$.75 ea. 3/52.00 2N3055 NPN Si TO-3 .80 CD4007-$ .30 CD4028-$1.09
2N3904 NPN Si TO-92 5/$1.00 CD4009-$ .67 CD4029-$1.42
MULTI -TURN TRIM POTS 2N3906 PNP Si TO-92 51$1.00
Similar to Boums 3010 style 116"x%" x CD4010-$ .67 CD4030-$ .30 I.C. POSTCARDS, microphotographs of actual integrated
2N5296 NPN Si TO-220 $ .50
CD4011-$ .30 CD4035-$1.42
11/4; 50, 100, 2000. 5000 2N6109 PNP Si TO 220 $ .55 4 for $1.00. Send stamp for sample. Retelle,
circuit chips.
ohms. $1.50 2N3866 NPN Si TO-5 Si RF CD4012-$ .30 CD4042-$ .84
POWER $ .75 CD4013-$ .53 CD4046-$2.55 148E Hazelhurst, Ferndale, Michigan 48220.
LIGHT ACTIVATED SCR's MJ2252 NPN Si TO-66 $ .90 CD4015-$1.17 CD4047-$3.10
10-18 200V lA $1.75 5/51.00 PHOTOGRAPHIC Timer, Digital Readout, Crystal time
2N3638 NPN Si TO-5 CD4016-$ .63 CD4050-$1.05
2N2218A NPN Si TO-5 4/$1.00 base, alarm footswitch, guaranteed. Cascade Labs, 5637
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD CD4017-$1.34 CD4055-$2.74
Bayview Ave., Richmond, California 94804.
41/2"x single sided epoxy CAPACITORS DO -33 -A 3 DIG. LED
board, 1/16" thick, unetched 35V at .47 OF TANT5 /$1.00 ARRAY READOUT $1.65 Full Wave Bridges KITS. Electronic games. Digital circuitry. From $7.75. Infor-
$.50 ea. 51$2.20 35V at 6.8 OF TANT3 /$1.00 MAN -1 READOUT $1 75 mation 10 cents. NBL -E, Box 1115, Richardson, Texas
20V at 150 OF TANT .$ .40 MAN -3 READOUT $1 00 RSOBy73BL17IF.
Conductive Elastometer low Profile 6V 30 OF TANT ....5/51.00 MAN-4 READOUT $1 30 41<Sifil9kTciif4l ili 75080.
Calculator keyboard $6.00 12V 200 OF ELECT ....$.30 MAN -7 READOUT $1 2 Tr.47>iLiIZï41ETI4T7 TV CAMERAS with manual zoom lens, solid state, NEW
200V 4 7 OF ELECT ...$.30 SLA -3 $4.50 600 .35 1.75 $5.00
2N5460 P FET $ 45 CD 201
(from Cartrivision bankruptcy sale) $125 each. Bob Allen,
TIS 73 N FET $ 45 100x100 IMAGE SENSOR 4 WATT IR 124 Lundy Lane, Palo Alto, CA 94306. Phone (415) 493-
2N4891 UJT $ 45 CHARGED COUPLE DEVICES. LASER DIODE $7.95 6146.
ER900 TRIGGER DIODES 4 /51.00 USED IN SOLID STATE CAMERAS,
WITH APPLICATIONS. ..$198.00 CD 110 LINEAR 256 X1 BIT SELF QUALITY military and industrial surplus electronic com-
2N6028 PROG. UJT $ 65
FPA 711 -7 LEVEL Diode Array Op- SCANNING CHARGED COUPLED ponents. Free flyer. XTRONIX, Box 444, Baker, Oregon
VERIPAX PC BOARD tical Tape Readers $5.95 DEVISE WITH DATA ...5150.00 97814.
This board is a 1/16" single sided Low cost digital volt meter kit
paper epoxy board, 41/2"k 61/2". SAVE TIME repairing counters, DMM's, Synthesizers, com-
contains integ. circuit schem., SANKEN AUDIO POWER AMPS
DRILLED and ETCHED which PC boards, LED displays, reg- Si 1010 G 10 WATTS $ 6.90 puters, calculators or anything digital with a logic probe
will hold up to 21 single 14 pin ulators. Outer case and battery from Chesapeake Digital Devices, Inc., Dept. H, Box 341,
not supplied, accurate to . one
IC's or B, 16 or LSI DIP IC's with Si 1020 G 20 WATTS $13.95
busses for power supply con- Si 1050 G 50 WATTS $24.95 Havre De Grace, Maryland 21078. 519.95 wired, $14.95 kit,
Count, has range of one my to
nector. $5.25 1.999 VDC. Overall dimensions postpaid.
11/2 "x 3"x 5" $62.00 LINEAR CIRCUITS
RED /GREEN BIPOLAR LED $1.30 BLURB! Free, value -packed listing of electronic products
TTL IC SERIES LM 309K 5V 14 REGULATOR $1.50
MT -2 PHOTO TRANS S.60
723 -40 +40V REGULATOR ... .5.58 and components. Midwest Design, Box 163, Stevensville,
GREEN OR YELLOW LED 0.30 7476- .45
301/748 -Hi Per. Op. Amp...
.
5.30 Michigan 49127.

RED GAP OSL -3 LED 5.20 74L00- .30 7480- .60 LM 320 -5 or -15V REG... $1.75
14 PIN DIP SOCKETS 5.40 7400- .17 7483- .99 LM 376 -V to 37V POS REG. ...5.58 TELEPHONES and ACCESSORIES. Wide color selection.
7401- .17 7485 -1.10
.
16 PIN DIP SOCKETS 5.50

741A or 741C OP. AMP... 5.31 Free Catalog. Flemco, 20272 37th Ave., N.E., Seattle,
MOLEX PINS 100/51.00 7402- .17 7486- .48 709C OPER. AMP 5.25
1000/58.00 7403- .17 7490- .60 Wash. 98155.
3401 -5, 12, 15, 18, 24V
8 PIN MINIDIP SOCKETS. .5.32 7404- .21 7491 -1.00 POS. REG. TO 220 01.75
10 WATT ZENERS
7405- .20 7492- .75 101 OPER. AMP., HI PERFORM f 75
7406- .35 7493- .60
3.9. 4.7 OR 18V
1. WATT ZENERS 5.6,
f 75 EA.
7407- .37 7495- .80 LM 308 Oper. Amp., Low Power
747-DUAL 741
$1.05
S.65 WAREHOUSE
7408- .18 7496- .85 556-DUAL TIMER
10 12 15, 18 OR 22V S 40 EA.
7410- .17
7411- .27
8267 -1.95
74107- .40
537-PRECISION OP. AMP.
$1.30
$2.60 DISCOUNTS ON
Sill an P ' wer
3A
ectifi rs
12A
7412- .45 74121- .50
LM 3900 -DURO OP. AMP.
LM 324 -QUAD 741
S
$1.70
49
NATIONALLY ADVERTISED I
PRO 1A 504 7413- .72 74123.- .90 560 -PHASE LOCK LOOP $2.00
100 .06 14 30 ' 7416- .37 74125- .60 561 -PHASE LOCK LOOP C.B. RADIOS
L IMILM
$2.00
riRL1E71r:T1
orrm
BTT/BAT11 7417- .37
7420- .17
7425- .36
7426- .27
74126- .64
74150- .99
74151- .85
565 -PHASE LOCK LOOP
566 FUNCTION GEN.
567 -TONE DECODER
$2.00
...$2.00
$2.00
MONITOR SCANNERS
IN FACTORY SEALED CARTONS
FPMCE
74153 -1.05 703 -RF -IF AMP
800 ®11111111MFWM 7427- .31 74154 -1.48
5.41
1000 .20 .45 1.10 2.75 7430- .17
7432- .27
74155 -1.05
74157 -1.18
555-2 ps -
LM 370 -AGC SQUELCH AMP
553 QUAD TIMER

2 HR. TIMER
..51.15
5.65
$3.50
BUSINESS - RECREATION
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
- PERSONAL
REGULATED MODULAR 7437- .36 74163 -1.49 FCD 810 OPTO- ISOLATOR $1.35
POWER SUPPLIES 7438- .35 74164 -1.70 1456 OPER. AMP. 5.95
7440- .17 74165 -1.78 1458 DUAL OP AMP 65 WRITE FOR QUOTE
15VDC AT 100ma 74173 -1.55
S
115VAC INPUT $24.95

7441- .95 LM 380-2W AUDIO AMP. $1.29
7442- .90 74175 -1.60 LM 377-2W STERO AUDIO AMP. 52.50 ELECTRONICS WAREHOUSE, INC.
5VDC AT IA, 115VAC INPUT $19.95 7445 -1.05 74177 -1.50 LM 381 -STEREO PREAMP
12V 6A 24.95 7446-1.10 74181 -3.20
51.69 6234 LITTLE RIVER TURNPIKE (DEPT. 51
LM 382 -DUAL AUDIO PREAMP $1.69 ALEXANDRIA, VA. 22312
IN 4148 (IN914) 14/S1.00 7447-1.00 74192 -1.40 LM 311 HI PER. COMPARATOR 5.95
7448-1.00 74193 -1.29 LM 319 -Dual Hi Speed Comp. $1.15
OR PHONE: (703) 256 -1300
1103 1024 bit RAM $4.75 7472- .33 74195- .80
NEC 6003 2048 bit RAM $9.50 LM 339 -QUAD COMPARATOR $1.25
7473- .38 74196 -1.90
1101 256 bit RAM $1.75 75324 -1.75
8223 PROM $4.75 7474- .35 TRIACS SCR'S POLICE, Fire monitors, scanners, crystals discount priced.
7489 RAM $2.45 New crystal -less scanners. Box 19224, Denver, CO 80219.
8038C IC VOLT CONT. OSC..$4.40
Terms: FOB Cambridge, Mass. Send 5311, 5314 or 5316
Check or Money Order. Include CLOCK CHIPS $5.00 ea AUDIO PROGRAM CONTROL CENTER
Postage. Minimum Order $5.00. CT7001 Calendar Alarm
COD'S $20.00. CLOCK CHIP 56.75 $14.95 PPD. USA
Send 20c for our catalo featurin Transistors and Rectifiers; 145 Ham.shire St , Cambrid'e, Mass. 10 inputs, 4 out-
puts. Switch TV,
'
Short -Wave, Ham,
S)SOLID STATE SALES OFEOUR ORDERS THE
FM to Stereo Ampli
fier & Recorder.
P.O. BOX 74A DAY WE RECEIVE THEM Listen & Record.
POWERCOM CORPORATION
SOMERVILLE, MASS. 02143 TEL. (617) 547 -4005
Box 454 Dept 4 Troy, N. Y. USA 12181
i
SN7400N .I6
7400N
SN/451N 71
TTL
58174151N 1.25
OVM Chip bet
*
10110 Digital A/O Processor 16.00
JAMES AUGUST SPECIALS*
10711 Analog A/0 Processor 13 00 528.00 SA

TTL Logic Probe Kit
Detects TTL Hwle, pullet, with man
XEW KITS - 59.95 per kit
3 readout
IC'S
FUNCTION GENERATOR KIT
gman KITS
-
SN7401N .16 SN7453N .27 0974153N 1.35 THE KILOBYTE RAM CARO
SN7402N .21 SN7454N .41 55174154N 1.25 Complete K x 8 Memory
UART *A1.5.1013,1 1
S97403N .16 SN7459A .25 S9741559 1.21

40K Baud M000Ivric DART 57.95 inch Single 5V 060015
SN7404N .21 SN746081 .22 09741569 1.30 500ns Access Time
SN7405N .24 SN74709 45 S97415781 1.30
LINEAR IC'S High 9pile Immunity Components
21874069 A5 SN7472N 39 S974160N 1.75
LM3O1AN OP AMP 4/51.00
Klt Includes Socket A Bard 888.89
S974074 .45 SN7473N 45 S974161N 1.45 Natures
DIGITAL COUNTER UNIT
597408N .25 69747487 .45 S9741639 1.65 01307H
14311 It
Super Op Amp
Hi pert. V romp.
4/$1.00
.75 4 Each - Men)
Displays Dlgil Latches XR2206K triangle ende
551740981 .25 SN74759 .80 59741649 1.65
10000 Counter 0n Board Oscillator erACtaMa ceiF.wrae en square wave'.
11311 H Hi pert. V comp. .75
SN7410N .20 61174769 .47 S974165N 1.65
1M555V Timer .65 Complete with Board 529.95 Kit THO 0.5% typ..
548741111 .30 SN7480N .50 0974166N 1.70
NE565T Phase lock loop 1.25 AM /FM capabihly
0974129 .42 SN148248 1.75 S9741679 5.50
DIGITAL VOLTMETER KIT
NE5671 Tone Decoder 1.25
54874134 .85 SN7483N 1.15 S9741709 3.00
18.00 NE567V Tone Decoder 1.75 0'10 Volt, 314 digits Man 71 DVM
6974149 .70 69748581 1.12 SN74172N
LM723H Volt. Reg. 2 /SI.00 MOS 141 Design
9174164 .43 6974864 .45 5974173N 1.70 .
S974179 .43 0974889 3.50 59741749 1.95 017239 Volt. Reg. 2/$1.00 Size: 3° o 3° x 1%- $39 =95
08174189 .25 S974899 3.00 58/74175N 1.95 8030 Fpotion Generator 3.95
S974176N .90
SN74909
....
.59
SN74209 .21
POCKET CALCULATOR KIT
5474219 .39 S474914 1.20 0974177N .90
4' POWER SUPPLY CORDS 5 luncuon plut constant - XR-2206KA $19.95
09742381
697425N
09742611
SN742701
SN74299
.37
.43
.31
37
.42
0974929
5474934
6974949
08114959
08,174964
.82
.82
.91
.91
.91
0974180N
S9741819
S8,1741829
58174184N
S9741859
1.05
3.55
.95
2.30
2 20
Black
d ,594 ea.
addressable memorry
individual d igit
display plus overflow battery
sever - uses standard or
05,190able batteries all
with
-
-
Includes monolithic function generator IC,
instruction manual.
OR-2206KB
Same as XR-2206KA above and includes external components
PC hoard, and assembly
$29.95
S974309 .26 09741004 1.25 5974187N 6.00
necessary parts in ready to
0974329 31 09741079 .49 SN74190N 1.50 THUMBWHEEL SWITCHES mumble form -
instructions
for PC board.
0974379 47 5574121N .55 S9741919 1.50 TIMERS
included. 3" x 514" 517.50 each
SN7438N AO SN741229 .49 S9741925 1.50
OPTIONS - XR-555CP Monolithic Timer S 1.10
SN7439A .15 SN74123N 1.05 09741939 1.40 ;i2 EE 115VAC Transformer 4.95 each XR320P Precision Timer 1.55
018744081
09744181
.11
1.10
51147412581
74741269
.60
.81
SN74194N
59741959
1.45
1.00 01, .s r7 _sa.:oea... 6 each "N" Alkaline Batteries 2 50 lot XR -556CP Dual -555 Timer
XR-2556CP Dual Timing Circuit
1.85
120
5474429 1.08 04741329 3.00 S9741969 1.25 .394" SIAM. TRIMMER
051744381 1.05 09741419 1.15 S9741979 1.00 tanrt XR- 2240CP Programmable Counter/Timer 4.80
"-"va e LUES
097444N
S974459
1.10
1.10
SN 741429
69741434
6.50
7.00
5974198N
59741999
2.25
2.25
x á
.paap0nea. PHASE LOCKED LOOPS
XR -210 FSK Demodulator 5.20
SR
SN7446N 1.15 99741449 7.00 09742009 7.00 roar m
91741459 S9742519 atre IIw1.lráll p lea XR-215 High Frequency PLL 6.60
69744781 .89 1.15 3.50
t= w
c
a e4i OOKOTASOZO XR-567CP Tone Decoder (mini DIP) 1.95
0974489 .99 69741484 2.50 69742849 6.00 1
MONO
0974509 -16 0817415014 1.10 0474285N 6.00 Meal 0 4.1 *we goal. 1,111111
Mochl XR-567CT Tone Decoder (TD-51 1.70
r.F.:.12.1111 s7pi%Don
20% Discount tot 100 Combined 7400's STEREO DECODERS
TR II XR -1310P PLL Stereo Decoder 3.20
la,aic.ii<aWal;t:
HIGH SPEED LOW POWER SCHOTTKY
eeu. Tr
^-Tr-oa
anoxia
1/16 VECTOR BOARD
X R.1310EP
XR.1800P
PLL Stereo Decoder
PL Stereo Decoder l
3.20
3.20
WAVEFORM GENERATORS
04746004 .33 0974100N 33 071745004 .60
XR-205 Waveform Generator 8.40
097411079 .33 5N74L02N .33 S9745039 90
SN74H04N
097411059
S9744089
5974410N
S474H119
SN74H2ON
.33
.35
.33
33
.33
.33
04741039
S474104N
69741.1011
09741209
614741.309
SN74142N
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
1.50
59746049
55745059
59745109
S974511N
S9746159
S9746209
.60
60
65
.65
.60
65 -wPRanaouro1oa
Here's a low cose, biq 10 IC rapacity
breadboardkit with all Ina quairty al
XR-2206CP
OTHER EXAR
Monolithic Function Generator
XR-2207CP Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
IC'S
XR-1468CN Dual+ 15V Tracking Regulator
XR -1488N Quad Line Driver
5.50
3.85
3.85
5.80
4.80
0974H219 .33 081741739 .69 09740219 .60 XR- 1489AN Quad Line Receiver
9174H2251 .33 01.1741749 .69 04740409 .60
OT Socket and the best of the Proto- WALL or T.V. DIGITAL CLOCK XR-2208CP Operational Multiplier 5.20
59741759 .79 Board series.. complete down to the 12 or 24 Hour
S97411309 33 S51715649 .60
Iasi nut, boll and screw. Includes XR.2211 CP FSK Demodulator/Tone Decoder 6.70
59741140N .33 SN74L85N 1.15 SN74S659 .60 25' VIEWING DISTANCE
2 OT355 Sockets: 01358 Bus Slap: XR-2261 Monolithic Proportional Servo IC System
SN74H50N .33 SN74L86N .69 SN74911201 1.25 1
Walnut Case -6" a 3" a 1"
S11174H51N .35 59741909 1.60 55745153N 2.50 2 5-way binding pots;4 rubber feet;
Hr. & Min..6" High w/4 ea. Driver Transistor 3.79
screws, nuts, bolts; and easy assembly
Seconds3" High
COMPLETE KIT... $ KIT All Comp. B Can. -
S39.95 *Special Requested Items*
C04000
C04001
C04001
.29
.29 CMOS
C04030 .65
741106
74C20N
74C30N
.65
.65
65
995 Wired 8 Assembled 115 Vac 044.95
8008 Processor
1101 256 x I RAM
029.95
2.25
8267
2513
S 4.00
11.00
4024P
98197
52.25
3.00
.29
1.85 2102 1024 RAM 5.50 2518 7.00 MC1741 400
C04006 250 C04035 74C42N 2.15
C04007 .29 C04040 2.45 74C73N 1.50 DISPLAY LEDS DISCRETE LEDS ÁY5.1013 UART 9.95 2519 4.00 MC4044 4.50
1.49
RC4194 TK 5.95 2524 3.50 CA31306
C04009 .59 C04042 1.90 74074 1.15
CA Common Anode CC Common Cathode
1.50 74C90N MV 10 Red 5'41 00 8101 18.00 2525 7.00 40410 1 75
C04010 .59 C04044 3.00 MAN Cam Ano 270 81.95
I
MV 50 Red 6/$100 8263 7 00 2533 11.85 40673 175
004011 .29 C04046 2.51 i4C95N 2.00 MAN 3 Con, Cath. .125 .95
C04012 C04047 2.75 74C107N 1.25 MV 5014 Red 5/31.00
C04013
.29
.53 C04049 .79 74C151 2.90
MAN
MAN
4
7
Com.
Corn.
Cath.
Ano.
.187
.30
1.95
1.50
MV 5024 Green 4/$1.00 Renee) DIODES (Rectifier/
C 04050 .79 74C154 3.00 MV 5024 yellow 4/51.00 TYPE VOLTS W PRICE TYPE VOLTS W PRICE
CD4016 .69 0133 Com. Cath. .125 195
2.98 74C157 MV 5024 Orange 4/$1.00 400m 4/1.00 54003 200 PIV AMP .10
C04017 1.35 C04051 2.15 OL 747 Com. Ano. .625 250 N746 3.3 1
C04019 .69 C04053 2.98 74C160 3.25 N7514 5.1 400m 4/1.00 94004 400 PIV 1AMP -10
C04020 1.69 C04060 3.25 74C161 3.25 48752 5.6 40Dm 4/1.00 43600 50 200m 6 /1.00
C04022 1,25 C04066 1.75 74C163 3.00 N753 6.2 40001 4/1.00 54148 75 10m 15 /1.00
C04023 .29 C04069 .45 74C164 3.25 IC SOLDERTAIL - LOW PROFILE (TIN) SOCKETS 1754 6.8 40001 4/1.00 94154 35 1001 12/1.00
C04024 1,50 C04071 .45 740173 2.60 -24 2549 50100 N9650 15 40001 4 /1.00 44734 5.6 Iw 29
124 2549 50100 1
C04025 .34 C04081 .45 74C 193 2.75 95232 5.6 500m .28 N4735 6.2 Iw 28
.39 74CI95 2.75 8 prn S.19 .18 .17 24 pin S .68 62 .56 94736 6.8 lw .21
C04027 .85 74CDON 55234 6.2 50010 .28
14CO24 .55 1.50 14 pin .23 .22 .21 28 pm .89 .81 .73 50001 .28 94738 8.2 Iw 18
C04028 1,65 80C97 485235 6.8
16 pin .27 .26 .24 36 vin 1.10 .99 .90 .28 N4742 12 1w 18
C04029 2.90 74C04N .75 95236 7.5 500m
18 pm 46 .41 .37 40 on 1.25 1.13 .93
48456 15 401, 6/1.00 54744 15 1w 28
21 pm .65 .59 .53 48458 150 701 6 /1.00 481183 50 PIV 35 AMP 190
LM1310N 2.95 SOLDERTAIL STANDARD (TIN) N4854 180 10m 5/1.00 41184 100PIV 35 AMP 1.70
15.00
LM100H
LMI06H 260 LINEAR LM1351N 1.65 14 pin S.30 .28 .26 28 pin S .99 .90 81 94001 50PIV
94002 100 PIV I
1 AMP
AMP
.09
10
91186
91168
200
400 PIV
Ply 35 AMP
35 AMP
1.80
300
LM171H 3.75 L14373N 3.25 1514145 1.75 16 pin .33 31 .29 36 pin 1.39 1.26 1.15
LM212H 7.00 LM377N 4.00 LMI458C .65 18 pm 42 .39 .37 40 pin 1.59 145 130
LM300H .80 LM380N 1.39 LM1496N .95 24 pin .59 .54 19 TRANSISTORS
LM301H 3/1.00 LM380CN 1.05 LM7556V I.85
LM301CN 3/1.00 1M381114 1.79 LM2111N 1.95
SOLOERTAIL STANDARD (GOLD) MPS.A05 531 293905 111 4 /SI
8 pin 5.30 .27 14 24 pin $ 70 .63 57 24918 E{ 25 21429064 4/S1 253906 4151
LM302H .75 LM3829 1.79 1M29019 2.95
L143041 1.00 NE501K 8.00 LM3065N 69 14 pin .35 .32 29 28 pin 1.10 1.00 90 2712219A 331 2529074 5/S1 094249 I 4 /S1
1.55 1.40 1.26 242221 4/61 253053 2/01 P54250 4/01

LM305H .95 NE5l0A 6.00 LM39004 55 16 pin .38 35 32 36 pin
1.45 2522224 5/61 243055 .95 294409 5/SI
18 pin .52 47 43 40 pin 1.75 1.59 I
II
LM307C01 .35 NE531H 3.00 LM3905N 00 242369 5/61 2537254 231 255129 .19
1M308H 1.00 NE536T 600 LM5556N 1.95 WIRE WRAP SOCKETS IGOLO) LEVEL 43 2523694 431 293903 5/SI 295139 .19
1M308CN 1.00 8165401 6.00 MC5558V 1.00 37 24 pin 01.05 .95 .85 252484 4/$1 293904 431 C10681 SCR 2/$1
10 pin 5.45 .41
LM30971 1.10 NE550N .79 LM75255 90 14 pin .46 42 38 28 pin 1.40 1.25 1.10
LM309K 1.25 NE553 2.50 LM7528N 2.20 16 pin 55 .5O 45 36 pin 169 1.45 1 30
CAPACITOR CORNER
LM310C9 1.15 NE555V .75 LM7534N 2.20 18 to 75 .68 62 40 pin 1.75 1.55 1 40
1111- 50 VOLT CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS
LM311H .90 NE565H 1.25 LM7535N 1.25
LM311N 90 NE565N 1.95 80386 4.95 1.9 1049 50.100 19 1049 50.100
1.50 NE566CN 1.95 14176450 .49 1001 .05 .04 .03 901 .05 .04 .035
LM318CN
22 pf .05 .04 03 .0047 .05 .04 .035
LM319114
1M3190
1.30
9-00
NE567H
NE 567V
1.25
1.95
75451CN
75452CN
.39
39
50 PCS. RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS $1.75 PER ASST. 47 pf .05 .04 .03 .01 05 .04 .035
45 12 OHM. 15 OHM. 10 OHM 22 OHM

100 01 .05 .04 03 .022 06 .05 04
LM310K8 1.35 LM703CN 75453CN 39 IO OHM
.05 .04 .03 047 .06 .05 .04
220 pf
01320K 6.2 1.35 LM709H .29 75454CN 39 ASST.1 5 a: 27 OHM- 33 OHM- 39 OHM- 47 OHM- 56 OHM 1/4 WATT 5%= 50 PCS.
470 pf 05 .04 .035 I .12 .09 .075
174320K-12 1,35 LM709M .29 75491CN .79
68 OHM- 82 OHM100 OHM.120 OHM.150 OHM
LM320K-15 1.35 LM710N .79 75492C9 .89 100 VOLT MYLAR FILM CAPACITORS
ASST. 2 5 ea: 180 01111222 OHM.270 OHM.330 099.390 OHM 1/4 WATT 5 %= 50 PCS. .022011 .13 .11 .08
LM323K-5 14.00 LM711N 99 75494CN 89 .001,1 .12 .10 .01
470 OHM- 56009M-680 OHM-820 OHM- IK .0022 .12 .10 .07 047mí .21 .17 .13
LM324N 1.80 LM7234 .55 RCA LINEAR
193395 170 LM723H .55 C43013 I.70 ASST. 3 5 ea: 1.2K 1.5K 1.8K 2.2K 2.7K 1/4 WATT 5%= 50 PCS. .0047mí .12 .10 .07 Iml .27 .23 .17
.0101t .12 .10 .07 .22m8 .33 .21 .22
LM340K 1 1.95 LM733N 1.00 CA3023 2.15 3.3K 3.9K 4.7K 66K 6.8K
T. 20% DIPPED TANTALUMS (SOLIDI CAPACITORS
LM340K12 1.95 LM739N 1.29 CA3035 225 ASST. 4 5 ea: 8.2K IOK 12K 15K 18K 1/4 WATT 5 %. 50 PCS.
.1 350 28 .23 17 1.5 35V .30 .26 .21
L4340115 1.95 LM741CH 3/1.00 CA3039 1.35
47K 2.2 25V .31 .27 .22
21K 27K 33K 39K .15 35V .28 .23 .17
LM340K.24 115 LM741CN 3/1.00 CA3046 1.15
3.3 25V .31 .27 .22
ASST. 5 5 ea: 56K 68K 82K 100K 120K 1/4 WATT 5 %= 50 PCS. .22 35V .28 .23 .17
LM340To.5 1.75 01741149 39 CA3059 246 .33 35V .28 .23 .17 4.7 25V .32 .28 23
LM340T0 6 1.75 LM747H .79 CA3060 280 150K 180K 220K 270K 330K 17 35V .28 23 .17 6.8 25V .36 11 25
L513407412 1.75 LM747N 79 CA3080 .85 ASST. 6 5 ea: 390K 470K 560K 680K 820K 1/4 WATT 5% = 50 PCS. .68 35V 28 23 .17 Ill 25V .40 .35 29
043401115 1.75 LM748H .39 CA3083 1.60 10 35V .28 .23 .17 15 25V .63 .50 40
1M 1,2M 16M 1.8M 2.2M
LM340TO.24 1.75 LM748N 39 CA3086 .59
ASST. 7 5 ea. 2 7M 3.3M 3 9M 4 7M 5.6M 1/4 WATT 5% = 50 PCS. MINIATURE ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
LM3509 1.00 LM130318 90 CA3089 325 Axial Lud Radial Lod
LM351CN .65 LM13049 1.19 CA3091 8.25 47 50 15 13 10 .47 25 .15 .13 10
LM37071 1.15 0113059 1.40 CA3113 85 50 .16 .14 .11 .47 50 .16 .14 I1
Satisfaction Guaranteed. $5.00 Min. Order. U.S. Funds.

1
LM370H 1.15 LM1307N 85 CA3600 I 75 33 50 .15 .13 .10 16 .15 13 IO
California Residents- Add 6% Sales Tax

Write for FREE 19755 Catalog Data Sheets .25e each - 4.7
10
10
25
25
50
16
.15
16
.14
.13
.14
.12
.10
12 .7
25
50
16
.16
.16
.15
.14
.14
.13
II
11
10
598000
MWES
22 25 17 .15 .12 .7 25 .15 .13 10
8091 SERIES8552 249 22 50 .24 .10 .18 .7 50 .16 14 I1
0092 .59 8223 ' 3.00 8554 249 47 25 19 17 15 1 16 .14 .11 09

8095 139 0230 2.59 8810 79 47 50 25 21 .19 I 25 .15 .13 10
8121 89 8263 7.00 8820 200 100 25 24 20 18 I 50 .16 .14 17
8123 1.59 8267 4,00 8826 3.00 100 50 35 30 .28 4 50 .24 .21 19
8130 2.19 8280 75 8830 2.59 220 25 32 28 25 100 16 .19 .15 14

45 41 .38 100 25 24 .20 18
8200 2.59 8281 85 8831 2.59
P.O. BOX 822, BELMONT, CA. 94002 220
470
50
25 .33 29 27 100 50 35 .20 18
- (415) 592 -8097

8210 349 0288 1 15 0836 49
16 55 .50 45 220 16 23 17 16
1000
169 8570 19 8964 00
PHONE ORDERS
8214 1 2
2100 16 70 62 55 470 25 31 OR 26
h8.8220 169 8551 1 65 8880 105

AUGUST 1975 91
DEALER-DISTRIBUTORS
Citizens Band
P -1
The
Take
iA pygmy Amp
it anywhere!
i.**C;l
i
Ia
*
Pa *
441
* * tt
STi " *.
R C
Nei i
1
2962 W. WELDON
Send this ad with Letterhead to
PAL ELECTRONICS CO.

- PHOENIX, ARIZ. 85017
BATTERY POWERED
practice amp
headphone amp
Ile**@®[)000k
I
i
4re.
' 0080
Bill
Electronics .Fd polse:

** §1
i
i
distortion booster 1 We were 1st to offer the 8008 to hobbyists over 16 i
PHOTOELECTRIC SWITCH. 150W, Adjustable Sensitivity, stage monitor months ago; now were setting the pace again with a i
Plastic Woodgrain Enclosure, $14.99 Guaranteed. Lab - powerful new 16 bit microcomputer IC it a 40 pin DIP,
tronics, 3635P, Hillside, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197. $39.95 plus shipping mode l
VOICE DESCRAMBLERS, works with all scanners, several
6lbs. for the i Y MU MIICROCOMIPUTER C§08 i
complete kit. YOU MAY WIN ONE OF THESE CHIPS -- SIMPLY: i
new models, priced from $19.95. Krystal Kits, Box 445, Ben-
Send for our
i -
tonville, Ark. 72712. i ,)Reveal the Secret Microcomputer Co.'s true identity 1
FREE catalog ?)Tell us in 25 words or less why you should re-
UNUSUAL ELECTRONIC PLANS, Projects, Security Equip-
PAIA Electronics, Dept. "P ", 1 ceive a free chip i
ment, etc. Catalog $1.00. McCord Electronics, Box 276-PE, 1 If you con convince our jaded judges, in a form wit- 1
1020 W.Wilshire Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73116
i
* wool)
Sylvania, Ohio 43560. li able For vse'in tt'hiss mogazi1ne,,,yoou win.
TV TRANSMITTER. RCA TT -2AH. Excellent Condition.
Reasonable. P.O. Box 4162, Pasadena, Calif. 91106. TELETYPE EQUIPMENT for sale for beginners and exper-
ienced computer enthusiast. Teletype machines, parts, I
ú ii0 i " i
FINE PRINT: ALL ENTRIES MUST BE POSTMARKED BY AUG 31 AND
GUARD Master Professional Wholesale Alarm Catalogue supplies. Catalogue $1.00 to: ATLANTIC SALES, 3730 1 BE IN OUR HANDS BY SEP 7, 1975; ENTRIES BECOME PROPERTY 1
$2. Mepco, Dept. A6, Box 28007, St. Louis, MO 63119. Nautilus Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11224. Tel: (212) 372-0349. i OF BILLGODBOUT ELECTRONICS. ALL CONTESTANTS RECEIVE A DATA i
SHEET ABOUT OUR FIRST PRIZE. WINNER WILL BE NOTIFIED BY
I
1
1 OCT 1, 1975. IF YOU DON'T WIN ANYTHING THIS TIME AROUND
DON'T FEEL TOO BAD; ENTER OUR COMING CONTEST FOR A CON -
PLETE 16 BIT MICROCOMPUTER KIT. THESE CONTESTS SPOTLIGHT
k
AUGUST SPECIALS DIGITALgCCIRCUITS (DIP PKG) 1 PRODUCTS WE'RE INTRODUCING FOR FALL '75. SEND ENTRIES TO 1
7448
5203 BIT CONTEST", DOE
2355,:OAKLAND AIRPORT, CA 94614
Decoder /Driver (30V) S .89 i ,, 16
2048 hit pnlgra rnmable ROM UV erasable $14.95 7474 Dual D flip -flop .29
MAN3M LED DISPLAY 74107 Dual I-K flip -flop .33 SURPLUS BARGAINS, Computer Accessories, Equipment,
comm cathode 12- r haracter 12 for $1.98 Retrig monostable Energy Conservation, Technical Reports, Kits, Semi-
-
RH der 74123
9 DIGIT LED DISPLAY multivib wick conductors, Specifications, 20% 90% Discounts.
\On multiplexed substrate, comm. ca- LINEAR CIRCUITS (DIP PKG) Catalog 751, 50 cents. E/S Lab, Box 738, College Park,
380 2 watt audio Maryland 20740.
Ihode compatable with all 8 digit
s calculator chips, 7 segment right hand amplifier $1.09
as decimal, red with 4MA,1.8Vtyp2l "s,
3900 Quad amplifier .29
HYBRID AUDIO AMPLIFIER
yyy"' .12" character, 1 to 1.8 V typ .95 POCKET CALCULATOR KIT AtA-_....
"r" x t /'^" high
CLOSEOUT ON CALCULATOR
$3.93 5 function plus constant
addressable memory with
- MODEL 1240
-., r.
EPITEN
12 Watts
Model 1240
RMS
-8 Distortion 0.6% at 12W

CHIPS
These early model calculator chips have been
individual recall
display plus overflow
digit
- - E::-r.v
Price: $6.95 + 50 cents postage.
superseded and are now offered at this lowest price
ever. Complete with data.
battery saver uses standard
or rechargeable batteries all - (CA Residents add 6% lax)
ROYER COMPONENTS
CT5001 12 digit display and calculate. 4
function. chain operation. fixed dec. 40
necessary parts in ready to
assemble form instructions- Send Money Order P.O. Box N
nl-
11
included or COD Bellflower. CA 90706
pin package $1.95
I,
III, CTSOO5 12 digit display and calculate, 4 $12.95 PRESSURE sensitive miniature cable for burglar alarm
function plus memory. 28 pin p$3.4
ackage ASSEMBLED 14.95
$3.49 SET OF ALKALINE BATE. 2.00 systems. Place under carpet in any contour for intrusion
detection or secret switching. $4.95 for twenty feet. Cable
OUR 10% DISCOUNT HAS
BEEN DEDUCTED FROM
ALL PRICES REGARD-
T% OFF ON ORDERS OVER 550.00
10./.. OFF ON ORDERS OVER $100.00
7MEMORIES Switch Corp., Box 72 -PE, West Long Branch, NJ 07764.
SCHEMATICS Burglar Alarm Kit: 5 Alarms, 2 Sounders.
LESS OF AMOUNT OF OR-
15% OFF ON ORDERS OVER S250.00 1101 256 bit RAM MOS f 1.50
Power Supply. Send $5.00 to: DJW, 22541 Berg, Southfield,
1103 1024 bit RAM MOS 3.95
DER. 2102 1024 bit static RAM 5.55 Mich. 48075.
5203 2048 bit UV eras PROM 17.95
LINEAR CIRCUITS 5260
TTL 7.85 $,.,e 300 P. V Reg (super 723) TO-5 S .71
1024 bit RAM 2.49 VIDEO PING PONG
7400 $ .16 7186 .40 5262 2048 bit RAM 5.95
307 Op AMP (super 741) mOIP .26
7401 .17 7481 2.48
308 Micro Pwr Op Amp mDIP .89
7489 64 bit ROM TTL 2.48 PLANS - PC CARDS - KITS
7402 .17 74% .62 309K SV lA regulator TO-3 1.35
8223 Programmable ROM
Pro 3.69 ATTACHES TO YOUR TV'S ANT.
7403 .17 7491 .97
310 V Follower Op Amp mDIP 1.07
74200 256 bit RAM tr i -slate 5. ONLY 14 ICS MOSTLY 7400
7404 .19 7492 .71
311 Hi pert V Comp mDIP .95 FAMILY. SEND S0 C FOR INFO. I
.60
3,9 Hi Speed Dual Comp DIP 1.73
PACK - REFUNDED WITH FIRST
PURCHASE
7406
]40]
.35
.35
7494
7495
.%
.79
320 Neg Reg 5.2, 12, 15
Quad Op Amp
TO-3
DIP
1.04
CALCULATOR 8
321 7.52
D. Duncan Electronics
7408
7409
19
.23
7496
74105
79
.44
339 Quad Comparator
Pos Voll Reg (5V-6V
DIP 1.58 CLOCK CHIPS
7410 .16 74107 .40
7407
5001 12 DIGfund fix dec
4 $3.45 20650 Runnymede Canoga Park Ca 91306
BV- 72-
Y 15V- 1gV -34V) TO-220 1.04
7411 .26 74121 .42 5002 Same as 5001 eu blr y pwr 7.95
370 ACC /Squelch AMPL DIP .71
7413 .55 74122 .45 372 5005 12 DIG 4 fund w /mem 4.95
Strip detector
AF-IF DIP 2.93 FOR A New Electronic Experience, learn to control your
7415 .35 74123 .85 81815725 8 DIG 4 land chain 8 dec 1.98
377 AM/FM /SSB Strip DIP .53
7416 .35 74125 .54 376 Pos. V. Reg 2.42
81815736 18 pin 6 DIG 4 fund 4.45 brainwaves. Aquarius Electronics, Box 96ZE, Albion. CA
7417 .35 74126 .71 MM5738 8 DIG 5 fund K & mem 5.35
777 2w Stereo amp DIP 1.16 95410.
7420 .17 74141 1.04 81815779 9 DIG 4 Janet (bl ry sun) 5.35
7422
7423
.26
.29
74145
74150
1.04
.97
7%
380-8 I.Audio
Audio Amp
Amp
Lo Noise Dual preamp

DIP
mDIP
DIP
1.13
1.52
1.52
81815311 28 pin BCD 6 dig
24 pin
g mu.
pps BCD 4 dig muse
1
4.45
].95
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS CALCULATORS DISCOUNT HOT
LINE Toll Free (8001 638-8906. Phone us long distance free
7425 .27 74151 .79 MM5317
MM5313 28 pin pps BCD 6 dig mu. 4.45
for the low discount price on the Texas Instruments Calcu-
1
550 Prer V Reg DIP .89
7426 .26 74153 .99 MM5314 24 pin 6 dig max 4.45
555 Timer mDIP .89
lator of your choice: SR -50, SR -51, SR -16, TI -2500 II, TI-
7427 .29 74154 1.25 MM5316 40 pin alarm 4 dig 5.39
556A Dual 555 Timer DIP 1 A9
7430 .20 74155 7.07 560 Phase Locked Loop DIP 2.48
CT7001 28 pin 6 DIG alarm, dale 6.9 1500. TI -2500, TI -2550. TI -5050. All of the great new Texas
7432 .23 74156 1.07 562 Phase locked loop Instruments models. Capital Calculator Company, 701 East
DIP 2.48
7437 .35 74157 .99
565 Phase locked Loop DIP 2.38 Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850. The discount super
7438 .35 74160 139 function Gen
7440 .17 74161 1.25
566
567 Tone De coder
mDIP
mDIP
2.25
2.66
LED S market for top brand name calculators. Mail and phone
7441 ,% 74163 1.39 709 orders accepted. BankAmericard and Master Charge
Operational AMPL DIP .26 MV10B Red 3018 0 .22
7442 .77 74164 1.59 710 Hi Speed Voll Comp DIP .35 MV50 Axial leads .18 accepted.
7443 .87 74165 1.59 723 V Reg DIP .62 MV5020 Jumbo Vis. Red (Red Dome) .22
7444 .89 74166 1.49 739 Dual Hi Pert Op Amp DIP 1.07 Jumbo Vis. Red (Clear Dome) .22 BURGLAR -FIRE alarm supplies and information. Free
7445 -89 74173 1.49
7446 .93 74175
741 Comp Op Amp mDIP .32 ME4 Infra red dill. dome .54 catalog. Protecto Alarm Sales. Box 357-G, Birch Run,
1.79 Dual 741 Op Amp DIP .7t MANI
747 Red 7 seg..270" 2.19 Michigan 48415.
7447 .% 74176 .89 Freq Adj 741 mDIP
748 .35 MAN2 Red alpha num .32" 4.39
7448 1.04 74177 .84
7450
1304 FM Mule. Stereo Demod DIP 1.07 MANO Red 7 seq..190" 1.95 BURGLAR ALARM dialing unit automatically calls police.
.20 74180 .% t307 FM Mulpx Stereo Demod DIP .74 MAN5 Green 7 sog..270" 345 $29.95. Free literature. S &S Systems, Box 12375C, North
7453 .20 74181 2.% 1458 Dual Comp Op Amp mDIP .62 MAN6 .6" high solid seq. 4.25
7454 .17 71183 .79 1800 Stereo multiplexer DIP 2.48 MAN7 Red 7 seq..270" 1.19
Kansas City, MO 64116.
7460 .17 741% 1.35 3900 Quad Amplifier DIP .35 MANO Yellow 7 seq..270" 3.45
7464 .35 74192 1.25
7524 Core Mem Sense AMPL DIP .71 MAN6/ .4" high solid seq. 2.95
7465 .35 74193 1.19
7534 Core Mem Sense Amp DIP .71 MAN66 .6" high spared seq. 3.75
PLANS AND KITS
7472 .35 74194 1.25
8864 9 DIG Led Gth Drrr. DIP 2.25 Opto -iso Transistor
7473 .35 74195 .89
75150 Dual Line Driver DIP 1.95
7474 .35 741% 1.15
Dual Perepheral Driver mDIP
7475 .57 74197 .81
75451 .95
ATTENTION AUDIO FREAKS!! ... Audio Processing Cir-
7476
7483
.39
.99
Data :n..,, .,,ennee
711%
74199
o ...,,.,
1.79
1'79
75452
75453
75491
Dual Peripheral Driver
(3511 Dual Periph. Driver
Quad Seq Driver for LED
mDIP
mDIP
DIP
.35
.35
71
LOS
40004 40194 4066A $1.19
cuits ... designs, kits, units. Laboratory tested designs for
hobbyist through professional use- limiters, compressors,
Add 5 so I., .r.m, i... In.,, 5r on Alk25492 Hex Digit Driver DIP %
40014
S .39
.39 40204
$ .69
1.% 40684 .49 equalizers, phasers, mixers and more! Send now -$1.00
4002A .39 4021A 1.89 40695 .49 (refundable) for complete catalog- CIRCUIT RESEARCH
Joo64 1.95 4023A .39 40714 .40
Amen will be made via first class mail within 3 days
Satisfaction guaran teed. Shipment Y from receipt
P of LABS, 3920 E. Indian School, Phoenix, AZ 85018.
40o74 .40 4024 1.45 407M .40
order. Add 5.50 to cover shipping and handling for orders under $25.00. Minimum order 55.00. 4008A 1.98 4025A .39 4073A .40 DIGITAL CLOCK KIT $22.50, Frequency Counter kit, PC
Calilornia residents add sales lax. 40094 .69 4027A .% 4075A .40
boards only silk screened for component mounting double
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS UNLIMITED 401/4 030A '79 sided, no jumpers, full instructions $25.00. New 2N4424 or
e
.39 440o7814Á .40
P.O. BOX 1708/ MONTEREY, CA. 93940 USA 4áU4 .69 4035A LM 40824 .40 2N4248 or 1N5391, mixed or not 7 for $1.00. EAST COAST
g PHONE (408) 659 -3171

016A
40144
40154
1.%
1.98
.69
4042A
40494
40504
1.89
.79
.79
4518A
45854
40475
1.60
2.40
2.75
ELECTRONICS, 50 Scott, Hamburg, NY 14075.

POPULAR ELECTRONICS
BUY ANY 10 LOWEST PRICES INPOLV PAKS SMASHES
TAKE 15% U.S.A.I
BUY 100 'CALCULATOR' PRICES
TAKE 25% 9- FUNCTION, 8 -DIGIT EASY TO PUT TOGETHER!
no
bet
it ONLY REOURES
imagine Y.
CHIPS Iandr a READOUTI Howls for mpi
O 51474122 .48
51474123 .85
CO4000AE 5.29
C D4001 AE .29
MEMORY CALCULATOR KIT 2 Memory keys are MS Memory Storage Ana MR
Memory Recall ! reptires
The
little sol d er ing ) Thee
1-15N74125 .59
2e
.
CD4002AE .29 It's the easiest multi- display r ev is battery life Your
O 5N74126 .59 CD4006AE 2.50 display . Bel ynk shuts n ones alter the leis
SN74132 1.75 O C04007AE .29 function kit today! depressing -11 kkey. the display is
restored! Uses s N el batter,, Re decimal tor
S
SN74140 2.10 C04008AE 1.98 on left to show when b e e
O SN74145 1.05 CD4009AE .59 DOUBLE MEMORY Decimal. Clear. Constant,
e
I
5147400 $.16 $N7462 5.22
O5N74148 2.25
056174150 .98
C0401OAE .59
CD4011 AE
Percent. Constant,
Display Restore Up2y arithmetic key ed,
e and r blue colora.
t. corrlr
5147401 .16 5147470 .29 051474151 .75 O CD4012AE

.29
.29 1®0 !octet cad of
front
3 a
[back aid e a x
display panel black c se. fty
J
SN7402 .16 5117471 .49 O5N74153 .90 t for business, nol, home, and i the youngsters.
SN7403
5147404
.16
.19
5147472
5147473
.29
.36 OSN74154 1.35
05N74155 .95
CD401 3AE
CD4014AE
.69
1.98
CD401 SAE 1.98
/ into Docket, briefcase with ease Easy -to-
unerstand ptdorel instruction booklet and how-to-
5147405 .19 5147474 .36 0SN74156 .95 CD4016AE .69 c? / usebook. AC /DC ool
/
5147406 .35 5147475 .59 KIT case. 22-key keyboard
driv kit, ON-OFF
5147476 .39 OSN74157 .95 C04017AE 1.75 switch !part pf
of k dl beard, and memory
5147407 .35 05N74158 .95 OCD4018AE 1.98 4 -F Ion calculator S, 9 -digit jack e" magnifier
magnifier LED
5147408 .19 5147478 .79 OSN74160 1.35 CD4019AE .69 Arithmetic AC
5147409 .19 5147480 .52 051474161 1.25 C D402oAE 1.98 22 KEYSI battery `card iisplay. instruction wandèrytoral step -br6
5147410 .16 5147481 .99 D514741631.35 CD4021 AE 1.98 ten construction booklet.
5/47411 .25 5147482 .89 51474164 1.50 CD4022AE 1.70
5147413 .59 5147483 1.25 051474165 1.50 C04023AE .29 THE SIMPLEST! FINEST! SMALLEST!
5147414 1.65 5147485 1.25 05N74166 1.50 CD4O24AE 1.50 SlwpliRed indexing
SN7416 .34 5117486 .37 5N74173 1.45 O CD4025AE .34 Mark up and Mark d°""
5147417 .34 5147488 3.95 51474174 1.39 CD4026AE 3.95 luplles9en 6-FUNCTION AC-DC
5147420 .16 5147489 2.45 SN74175 1.30 CD4027AE .85 and
e e
division CALCULATOR KIT!
5147412 .45 5147490 .59 SN74176 1.20 CD4028AE 1.65 ed Paca
. a, 52'.ii`tñ:
SN7423 .29 5147491 1.10 051474177 1.20 CD4029AE 2.90 Designed specifically for Poly Palle under
ad. IMAGINE, only 242 .he Dent.e
5617425 .29 5f47492 .59 SN74180 .95 CD4030AE .65 8 case.
9 idea eaaHl.
5147426 .25 SN7493 .59 051474181 2.98 CD4031AE 3.95 BRITE hunted everywhere
r
5N7427 .29 5147494 .95 5174182 .74 CD4035AE 1,85 be aman. do he many Ianrrm.., w
desata .ne SIMPLE ru BUILD: WHY, flne engineering
5147430 .16 SN7495 .79 05N74184 1.98 CD4040AE 2.45 DIGITS Because
k.
SN7432 .25 57496 .79 051474185 1.98 CD4041 AE
1.90
n
has
l h bo d o
5147433 .49 SN74100 1.40 SN 741 90 1.40 CD4042AE1.90
/::
.' 9 digo readout. SIMPLE' dSIH
SN7437 .34 5N74104 .44 SN74191 1.0 CD4041AE1.50 Úi7L4hJ ../ designed
kit is even multicolor d na r
0
SN7438 .34 SN741O5 .44 k e If II calcula-
051474192 1.25 C04044AE 1.50
2elk
Kit i
S147440 .16 SN74106 .52 O SN74193 1.25 CD4049AE .79 Llihtewl[M. peekei iw fil Fl ^ peZOS6
W2h
keyboard h 1c ne,
Wit
case t d
SN7441 1.00
SN7442 .70
S1474107 .44
SN74108 .89
05N74194 1.20
05N74195 .85
O CD4050AE .79
CD4051 AE 2.98 Extra larga display
]ÌI
:.1,
' OvYo u. o ly 2'2
for K cono., MAIN pc
z o
arJ:
board: famous Cal Tech 5030 26-Pin rsswaat
for ON
t r rhp.
SN7444 1.25 SN74112 .89 SN74196 1.80 C04o52AE 2.98 T 1 plus, miaus, awa-
D e. pere 4ge, e ow bM e a.
1
SN7445 .89 SN74113 .89 O 51474197 .90 CD5053AE 2.98 .
ileeHw[ delwel s G .
asoa, back P.
weae on neet
' e.i.wr.,
Las o o-:
5N7419
.
SN 7446 1.15 SN74114 .89 1.75 CD4055AE 2.75 ..¡.'^. ' Plate O2nere.aor eve plaga
57447 .99 mnr,runn,. a.nm
OSN74121 .49 SN74200 4.95 CD4056AE 2.50 Chain ami MI. eacubtlew am k ..a. Ar e.Do-a volt battery .nd
EASIEST KIT TO BUILD
5147448
5147450
5147451
SN7452
.99
.16
.17
.17
$4.95 .VOLT NICAD
POWER PAR
nclude., d "A" cell nicad
CD4060AE 3.25
C04066AE 1.75
CD4069AE .45
CD4071AE .45
RAYTNEON-RCA
NATIONAL
Tike 10e
3 -
SN 7453 .17 Eat i e Looked o sloe CD4081AE .45 CODE
5147454 .17 u 6.v,1 e for all traes of CD4518AE 3.10 SIONETICS
State
SN7455
5147460
.22
.17 tenesrmd.. Reharw`[evbi.. CD4520AE 3.10
LINEAR Chal è'I2na, 3rd
Caso Styles
Sta = VeltaNS 5 thru 24
4 -DIGIT AM -PM IC'S ID) Duale; (OI w
OVade
FLUORESCENT CLOCK PANEL LM566 2.6t

Typa LM567 Sale 2.85
YOU ASKED FOR IT! Found only at Poly Palos at this
1-o -w price) Its ONLY 1 3/4 x 1 3/16 x 3/8" deep LM301
L101300 .69
,29
LM702
S
LM703
.49
.41 MONSANTO! XCITON!
,89 ,41
panel. Designed specifically for our MM -5318 fluores-
cent driving clock chip. Indicates 4- digits, AM -PM,
LM302
LM304 .79
LM703M
LM709 .25 LITRONIXI OPCOA!
pulsating second indicator, require. minimum of parta LM305 ,89 LM710 ,29
to build. Color: BLUE -GREEN: you can use RED or
GREEN filters. Character height: 0.6". Filament volt- $7.77 LM308
LM309H
1.05 LM711
1.05 O LM723
.29
,61 5 for $1
age is 1.76 VAC or DC @ 160 mil.. Anode voltage LM309K 1.50 LM733 1.75
25V ® 260 microampe per segment. With epee sheet., Made By LM310 1.10 LM741 .31 -340x.260 240x.200
clock construction diagrams, P.C. board layout", apees. O LM311 ,99 LM74ICV .31 Jumbo Medium
I
A DIGITAL CLOCK BUILDER'S SPECIAL. TUNG -SOL D2004 LM318 1.75 LM747(D) .69 Red Red
LM319 1.19 LM748 .35 Green Yellow
Low Prices CT 5001 t2- Digi. pin
.ion of 5001
s3.ps 3 Hm 0 . 1101320 1.25
1.75
LM753
LM1303
1.79
-79
Yellow
DAmber
Green
Amber
On CT
CT
5002
5005
9 Volt
t2- Digits, 211-pin.
3.a5 3 ter s s
D 5 5 5 Ti"." A LM324
L (0) 1.85 LM1304 1.00 O Clear
.50 af«ss
Calculator with 3-function memory 3.06 OR LM339 (0) 1.45 LM1307 .79
3fsri14. 210x.125
CHIPS CT
CT
5030
5031
TMS-0120
4-Function with "r
-Function Only
4- Function by Tes.
6.50 3 fer 515.
3.50 3far50 o 5 5 8 Dwl
741
LM341
LM35O
T 2.50
1.75
,69 3.50
LM1458(D) .69
LM1498
LMI800
.99
-340x.180
Medium Micro
MM 5725 11-Digits. 4 -fund. LED 3.50 3 ter SS. ORed Red
MM 5736 6- Digit,. 211-pin. 9V 3.50 31.r S5 2 for $1 LM370 RC2556(D) 2.25
1.05 Green Green
MM 5730 6Digits. mower, 6.50 3 N. 55 LM371 1,05
CA3026 .59 Yellow O Yellow
LM373 CA3045
1.95 .59 Amber Amber
o LM374 1.95
CA3054 -59
INDUSTRIAL SPEED CONTROL for
1.511376 .49
CA3065 ,59
Micro (Axial) MV -50 style
A $30 item from C.E.
Model
industrial
A
that control. home, shopfor controlling
de erool
many electrical
o! A
LM377
LM380-8
2.50
1.10
CA3082
LM3900
.59
.49 MV -SO Clear
MV -SS Red
.... 106 for $1.
for S1.
very elaborate circuit Easily LM380 1.39 RC4136(0) 1.95
and electronic devices.
peedfeel1t00
ra e d
ccotls 150381 1.69 RC4195 2.50
drills. brush type etc. LM382 1.69 LM4250C 2.10
speed or dimming
watts. With variable case.
control I0
LMS31 1.95 LM7520 59 7- SEGMENT READOUT SALE!
3 x 23/4 x 2. With diagram LM532 1.95 O LM7521 .59 Up to 20 mlis per seg. at SV, MAS -1
heavy -duty aluminum XENON
and hookups. LM533 1.95 1M7522 .59 All fit Into 14 -pin IC socket.
FLASH LM55S .88 O LM7523 .59 Type SIB. Color Sale 3 for
$4.95
TOUCH TONE STROBE
TUBE
] LM558(D) .69
LM560
LM561
LM7524
2.50 C LM7525
2.50 LM7528
.59
.59
.59
MAN1
MAN -3MA .12 Red
MAN -4AB .27
.27 Red $2.50 56.00 MAN -3
Red
-69
1.95
2.00
5.00
KEYBOARD KIT o $1.95
L562
LMS6S
2.50
2.50
LM7529
LM7535
.59
-59
MAN -S
MAN -6
.27
.6
Crean 4.00
4.50 12.00
1.50
Kit
with
includes x 21/2" -10 gist.
'
10 OAK "smooth touch" white
G
keys with black
etched pc board. MAN -64 .4
Red
Red 3.50 9.00
numeral., plus diagram on "touch tone encoder". Makes "BLASTAWAY" NATIONAL MAN -7
MAN -8
.27
.27
Red 1.00 2.50
Tallew 1.50 4.00
many "keyboard system." readily available. O -to -9 ON 1N4000 LM -340T VR's ALL ABOVE BY MONSANTO
RECTIFIER PRICES ro -22o
20 -WATTS :3085 1N4001
PIV
50 10 for 45e
Sale
$1.75
Case
POSITIVE VOLTAGt
Each
I Ame
Typo
SLA -1
Slee Color
.33 Red
Sale 3 for
$1.95 $5.00
SOLID STATE 1N4002 loo 10 for 55e SLA1 .33 Green 1.95 5.00..
1N4003 200 10
O 1N4004 400 10
for BSe
fer 75e
ewy 3 - Twa. 107. SLA -1 .33 Yellow 1.95 5.00
TUNER AMPLIFIER! TYPe Volts SLA3 .7 Creen 4.95 12.00
1N4008 800 10 for 85e LM-340-05 S SLA -3 .7 Yellow 4.95 12.00
IN4006 800 10 for 5Cc ]LM-340-O6T 6 707 .33 Red 1.95 S.00
watt tuner amp 1N4007 1 00010 for 1.29
as
excep t nE"Te AM-FM-MULTIPLEX
20 -watt tuner
u t,
p
O LM-340.0B.
LM-340-12T12 v
-ALTA-34045,115
8 704A
701C
.33 Red
.33 Red
1.95 5.00
1.50 3.00
LM-340-18T10v
v FND -70 .25 Red 1.50 3.00 51.4.3
60 -WATT STEREO TUNER AMPLIFIERS O LM-340-24T24 v A- Common Cathode, others
B -With bubble magnifier
Common Anode
AM- FM- MULTIPLEX e AY .all sa1 Ws, P.I.w
-FM- Watts COsei rr C-Plus or Minus 1
MUx -DIAL MW RW mal
ars.1 wwMC pewN
All Mpse, ut lampe
CLOCK CHIPS ON A .'DIP'
Ildlealwral win DATA SHEETS
Has so many unique and different functions, makes
MMS311 6digit 28 Pin 5s-50 LITRONIX "JUMBO'S"
it the finest system kind 4 -digit 24Pln 5.50 Singles lee: 1 x 3/4 x 5/16
"peakehy system, built-in MM5312
onI prices. Features: MM5313 6 -digit 28 -Pin 5.50 Duals niee:.8 x .9 e .29
WATT AMn record
e player jacks on separate panel. x- MM5314 6 -dIgit 24 -Pin 5.50 7- Segment, 25 -mil per eagnwnt
penal ennaiet"sateliiteVlst
Anotherr
terni! FM and AM antenna, "
4o radios ground. jacks for
peckers eto
a tape
systems to record.
MMS316
MM5316 - 4 -digit 40 -Pin, alarm 5.50
no alarm 3.95 Typa
721D
SI3e Color Sels
.5
3 for
Red $5.95 $15.00
recorder pa radio tuner or phono of eckteha will Play 727E .5 Rad 5.95 15.00
Lower inputs for connecting tape deck that jack for
back MICROPROCESSORS! 746F .6 Red 3.95 11.00
back the internal amplifier for 747 .6 Rad 3.95 11.00
RED. GREEN
GREEN and
end CLEAR in-
CLEAR
phono power
ridators for Phono, oel AM. and respectively. Includes ROMS! RAMS! D-Plus or Minus 1 plus a digit (11/2 digits)
STEREO indicator. -Equal digits
E
red indicator on tronc panel for other MEMORIES! -Plus or Minus
F
Ha., separate input to plumas
mike, r acr 1
cal -instrumente as well a another

for plug- 8008 Microprocessor $44.00
ging in e pair of stereo headphones. 8080 Super 8008 250.00 Terms: uuld Postage Rated: net .10
front panel. PHOI'O- 2102 1024 Static RAM 3.95
Has the following controle on Phone Order, Wakefield, Mass. (617) 245 -3829
STEREO-AM-FM, MONO.switch. FM STEREO. GUITAR. TAPE. 1101 256 bit RAM 1.50
Retail: 10 -16 Del Carmine St., Wakefield, Mass.
MIKE master control LOUDNESS. BALANCE, 1103 1024 bit RAM 2.95 Ioff Water Street) C.O.. D.'S MAY BE PM/RED
2.95
-
dFornh MM5260 1024 RAM
les MM5262 2048 bit RAM .. 8.50 O 20c CATALOG On Fiber Optics, 'ICs', Semi's, Parts
switeh.Eand AFC ON -OFF. Des ¢nedwfor
to use as all unit DEN or FAMILY ROOM. ortco.- 2513 Character generator 12.50 MINIMUM ORDER 54.00
trol
who
by easy chair in family
h to design their
tem. With 6 ft. 115 VAC cord and plug.
room,
console rnnodular .Ya-
include
Only 13 0
M M52020
0
Eraceable PROM
1702A Eraceable PROM
8223 Programmable ROM
..
19.95
19.95
2.95
POLY PAKS
P.O. BOX 942E, LYNNFIELD. MASS. 01940
for
3
e, pine gram Sho di 3 Lolate
knobs.
CIRCLE 110.40 ON READER SERVICE CARD

95
AUGUST 1975
QUALITY ELECTRONIC COMPONENT\ ALTAIR 8800 Kits. Your assembled plug -in boards tested
- SAME DAY SERVICE - free. Midwest Electronics, Box 344, Henning, Minn. 56551.
PERSONALS
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION. Safe, High Effici-
NEW DISCOUNT SCHEDULE
ency, under $80.00. Plans: $3.00. Kits. Cordless Power
SAVES YOU EVEN MOREI Company, 7100 Sea Cliff Road, McLean, Virginia 22101. MAKE FRIENDS WORLDWIDE through international
AMAZING ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS -Pocket Laser, See - correspondence. Illustrated brochure free. Hermes, Berlin
1024 BIT STATIC MOS RAM In- The -Dark, Scramblers, Penlight Strobe, Energy Devices, 11, Box 110660/ZD, Germany.
$ 3.50 2102... TV Disruptor, Many More, All New. Catalog $1.00.

INFORMATION UNLTD., West St., Milford, N.H. 03055
WINEMAKING. Make delicious homemade wine expertly.
Recipe, $2.00. GIGI, Box 220-B, Miami, Florida 33168.
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS -
7415%... ne
TTL, CMOS, LINEAR S. MOS CYCLOPS TV CAMERA KIT, featured on cover of February
PE, available from CROMEMCO, 26655 Laurel, Los Altos,
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE. Collect every penny. De-
740011
7401N
241
24c
653N
454N
22c
22c 741568... 770
401941
40206F. SI
58c
67
45194E. .. 11.28
45204E _ SIM
tailed Instructions, $2.00. Clifton, Box 220 -A, Miami,
7102N 341 460N 2I, 74157N.. 680 40214E SI SO 457740 12.38 California 94022. Florida 33168.
74034 341 4764, ... 3k 741681,1. 1.10 4022AF... S1 25 45284E. 9k
74044 241 47311 34, 74161N. SI 11 905401. .. 5154
71051 24c 47311 31c 74167N... SI 19 40744E. _ . 11.00 905534 .. 5161
74064 174X_....31c 40256F... 1E5544 ..1167
7407N
241
34, 47511 5Ic
7416314..
74164.. 78
SI
SI
19 197
4026ÁF.._51 67 NE555v....e& HIGH FIDELITY INVENTIONS WANTED
7404 240 474 3k 74174.. .51.09 402744 677 905564....690
74094 240 440X. .6N 741751.. 51.02 02284E... S1 00 905608.. 0.93
7416! 240 182N 697 741664....411 40]90E-._S1 42 NE5618. .9363
74114 .. .. 24, 493/4 687 741819.. .52.13 4133040, 50c 90562e .. 53.91
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74140 740 4861 310 74190N. .1.45 p341E... 91.34 NE5666. 1.2e
7474...107 4589N .. 12.13 741919 ... f1.45 02396 ...SI02 NE5679 .. SI 36 prices for Shure, Pickering, Stanton, Empire. Grado and Procedure ". Washington Inventors Service, 4221
7416N 24c 4961. .411 74192N.,. 31.19 40106F... S1 67 W709Ú... 43c
74776 24c 4914 774 74193N... 1.1 40414E....M1 26710CA. .. 36c ADC. Send for free catalog. LYLE CARTRIDGES, Dept. P, Washington Building, Washington, D.C. 20005.
747N 3k ac 74194... ,1042.4E 940 k4n1CA...37c
Box 69, Kensington Station. Brooklyn, New York 11218.
10714 51.71
1414 240 49311 480 74195N. 51.11 40434E . .. 67c 267T1CÁ ... 60c
FREE PAMPHLET: "Tips on Safeguarding Your Invention."
1425N 650 4941 777 40444E.. 670 447490,... 43c
7424
743404
241
430
19511
4961
..85c
771 40000E 290
40464E
45494E
.. 52.51
.561
2671
447
..691
41c
..41c
Write: United States Inventors Service Company, 708 -T
74338 311 410011.._1.34 I00709 .._ 240 40504E 54, MC1ë8V .511
LISTEN TO SPECTACULAR 4- CHANNEL SOUND!
Carry Building. Washington, D.C. 20005.
1437N 241 4107N.. 311 _ 40060E .t1.50 40514E 51 50 1129 .. SI 25
1438N 740 41219 40070E 3k 405LE. 1 50 1730 51.25
Expand your stereo to quadraphonic HiFi.
74464 24c 11269 40084E.. S1.17 4000E. SI 50 1131 $125
141111 ... 11.11 412311 IW94E .. 677 406010. 1.67 I16309I S1.80 Build the VISTA Full logic "SQ" Decoder.
7442N
74434
14446
74451
7444
611
610
610
61c
774
41251
412611
41314
41419 7k
4149N...11.16
730
40104E
027347E
40134E
..
...29c
.... 79c
40134E.... 53c
4014E...1167
670 4066AF
40714E
1072ÁE...
40734E....307
4075Á0....3á
.
.071
30c
30c
1r43244
Á7605C0.91.25
4A7806N. 51.25
44700801. 91.74
4081201.
SI .28
Latest CBS licensed circuitry using 3 IC's to provide Full Logic and Wave
Matching.
Exclusively ours. kit SQ -1 $40.00. Shipped prepaid in USA A CANADA.
Inventors Wanted
7447N. 771 47í4M... SI 36 02154E... COIN .... L1 267815N.51.25 RECOGNITION, FINANCIAL REWARD,
744804 850 1519 850 02164E..
SI
.6á
17
4092ÁE 44718C0. 51.25 Send for information. Send ror FREE
1450w 220 4753N 77c 02114F SI N uA7824CU.91.25 OR CREDIT for "inventing it first" INVENTORS KIT
715111, lá 415417 SI 36 40180E Sl 67 45114E 2102 1.50
. .
PHOTOLUME CORPORATION Includes Vital Mica -
Ils East 26th Street, New York, N,Y. 10016 may be yours! We'll develop your
SILICON TRANSISTORS matlon on Protection,
94918 21c 0/52.00 1C/517.85 2N3640 10/52.00 21c 1C/S17.95
idea, introduce it to industry, Development, Marketing
EN930 16t 0/21.55 1C/913.60 2143641 16c 10/S1.55 1C/513.60
publicize it, negotiate fór Cash of your lnvennon
MP5930 16c 0/$1.55 1C/513.60 2043643 16c 10/51.55 1C/513.60 Important "Invention
E112222 16c 0/31.55 1C/513.60 MP53643....160 10/51.55 1C/513.60 WANTED Sale or Royalty Licensing. Record Form"
MP52222A 16c 0/51.55 10513.60 2N3645 21c 10/5200 1(317.85
E923694.... 164 0/51.55 1C/313.60 2N3646 21c 10/32.00 1C/517.85 Directory of 500 Cor-
MP52369A...16c 0/81.55 1C/513.60 2143904 160 10/51.55 1C/513.60 QUICKSILVER, Platinum. Silver, Gold, Ores Analyzed. RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION porations Seeking
48322712...,164
E112907
MP52907A...
16c
16c
0/51.55
0/51.55
0/51.55
IC/513.60
1C/513.60
IC/513.60
2N3906
2N4124
314126
16c
16c
160
10/81.55
10/S1.55
10/51.55
1(313.60
1(7513.60
1C/513.60
Free Circular. Mercury Terminal, Norwood, Mass. 02062. 230 Park Ave. No.,New York, NY 10017
IPlease rush FREE INVENTORS KIT A -739
New Products /
2633916.... 39 0/52.00 1C/517.85¡-1 2N4401 16c 10/51.55 1C/513.60
2N3392 16c 0/51.55 IC/513.60 YY 2144403 161 10/51.55 1C/513.60
MP53392.... 161 0/51.55 7(/513.60 2145087 16c 70/51.55 1013.60 TUBES
243393
MP53393....
164
160
0/51.55
0/5135
1(/513.60
1(1813.60
2N5089
2365129
54* 10/51.55
210 10/52.00
1C/513.60
1C/517.85
I Name
2N3394 160 0/51.55 1C/813.60 2615133 210 10/52.00 1C/117.85
MP53394.... 16c 0/51.55 1(413.60 2115134 21, 10/$2.00 1C/577.85 RADIO & T.V. Tubes -36 cents each. Send for free Address
MPS3395.... 0/5135 1C/513.60 2935137 215 10/52.00 1(/517.85
J
16c
283563 21c 0/52.00 1C/517.85 2N5138 21c 10/52.00 1C/317.85 Catalog. Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105. City State Zp
2N3565 0/52.00 1C/517.85 2N5139 21c 10/52.00 íC/517.85
- -
210
2113638 16c 0/51.55 1(/513.60 2465270 1k 10/51.55 1C7513.60 RECEIVING & INDUSTRIAL TUBES, TRANSISTORS. All
2143638A.... I6c 0/91.55 IC/513.60 2N5457 52c 10/54,48 1C/344.20 Brands Biggest Discounts. Technicians. Hobbyists.
MP5363M...1& 0/$7.55 1C/513.60 10/f1.50 lC.80 Experimenters Request FREE Giant Catalog and SAVE!
MPS-A13 40c 10/53.75 1C/534.00
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS ZALYTRON, 469 Jericho Turnpike Mineola, N.Y. 11501.

- - INVENTIONS IDEAS
,
lufd/50v
- Radial Load
84 10/64c
- 1C/S 5.41 l0ufá /506....
Aw1s1 Load
140 10/51.13 IC /5 9.56
TUBES receiving, factory boxed, low prices, free price list.
Transleteronic, Inc., 1365 39th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.
22ufd/50v & 147/64t 1c/s 5.41 22156/16v.... 120 10/98c 1C/5 8.31
11218A, Telephone: 212 -633 -2800.
3.3ofd/50
4.7aN/25v . . .
8c
&
10/64¡
10/64c
1C/S
1C/5 5.41
5.41 220d /25v.... lac
33056/160.... 120
10 /51.03
10/51.00
1C75 8.74
1(/5 8.48
TUBES "Oldies ".latest. Lists free. Steinmetz. 7519
WANTED
10ufd/25v & 10/67c 1C/5 5.66 33ufd/25v.... 140 10/51.13 1C/S 9.56
10aN/50v I0c 10/77c 1C/5 6.58 47135á41óv.... 14c 10/51.13 1C/5 9.56 Maplewood, Hammond, Indiana 46324. Manufacturers Need New Products. Your invention, new
221dd/25v 9c 10/72t IC/5 6.09 471354/250 170.... 10/51.32 1C/$1.22
22ufd/50v 12c 10/51.00 1C/S 8.48 100o54/16v 370 ... 10/51.32 1(75111.22 CASH PAID FOR OLD TUBES RCA45. RCA50, WE205B, product or idea developed for cash I royalty sales by
100ufd/6.3v 9c 10/740 IC/5 6.32 100ofd/250 20c ... 10/51.57 1C313.30
100ufd/16v 11c 10/86< 1C/5 7.28 TOWN/50v 29c ... 10/52.32 1(/519.70 WE252A, WE300B, WE3508, WE274A, and sound Hi -Fi Professional Organization.
1000d/25v
lufd/50v
- Axial 13c
110
10/51.08
Load
10/90c
- 1C/S 9.15
IC/5 7.65
220054/160
22(Md/254
3300d/16v
20c
290
295
...
...
...
10/51.57
10/$2.35
10/52.35
1(413.30
1C/$19.96
1C/519.96
equipment of Western Electric, Macintosh, Marantz, Leak,
Quad, old and new types. Contact: M. Takabe, Room 1816, 11No Idea Is Too Smallrf*
2.2511/50v 125 10/92c IC/S 7.82 3381354/25v 320 ... 10/52.54 1(/521.62
303 Fifth Ave., NYC 10016. Free Booklet: "How to Safeguard, Develop
3.1/11/35v . 12c 10/93¡ IC/S 7.91 470056/16v 320 ... 10/52.54 1(/521.62
:.3ufd/50v 12t 10/985 lC/S 8.31 47000//256 37c ... 10/52.98 10525.36
and Market Your Ideas to Industry"
4.70d/35v 12c 10/930 1C/S 7.91 100001d /166 .. 390 10/53.13 1(/526.61
10ufd/16v llc 10/90c 1C/S 7.65 IO0Oufd/25v 56c .. 0/54.50 1(/538.23
MOVIE FILMS
10u0d/250 120 10/98c 1C/S 8.31 22000fá /166 .. 620 10/S4.94 1C /í41.98 LAWRENCE PESKA ASSOCIATES
DISC CAPS HARDWARE 500 Fifth Ave.,Dept, MM, N.Y.C. 10036
100pf/500v k 10/36c 2C/S 6.09 2-56 1/4 Strew.... 90c /C 7.20/M
Phone (212) 354 -9696
22001/500v . . 46 10/361 2C/S 6.09 2-56 1/2 Screw.... 98c/C
S
S 7.80 /M
8MM -SUPER 8 -16MM MOVIES! Biggest Selection! Lowest
470pf/500v . . 4c 10/36c 2(/5 6.09 4-40 1/4 Screw.... 968/( 5 7.80 /M Prices! Free Catalog! Cinema Eight. Box PE. Chester,
1000pf/500v 4c 10/37c 2C/S 6.22 4-40 1/2 Screw.... 92c /C 7.30/M A trademark of Lawrence Pes4a As000iales. Inc
?ZOODIÌ&1ói3 6.321/4 Screw.... 92c /C
S
S 7.30 /M
Connecticut 06412.
47000/50D4 4c 5.41 6-32 1/2 Screw.... Beef( S 7.00/M
Oluut(d/500v 6c 10/500 2C/5 8.55 8-32 3/8 Screw .. 51.05 /C S 8.40 /M
.01ufd/SOv 3c 10/24, 2C/5 4.05 8-32 578 Screw .. S1.35/C 510.80/M
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT
.022ufd/250 3c 10/28c 2(/f 4.73 2-56 Hex NN ... 51.35/C 510.80/M
INSTRUCTION
.047ufd/25v 5c 10/42[ 2C/S 7.17 4-40 Hex Not 51.45/C ... 517.607M
.104/25v , & 10/62c 2C/510.57 6-32 Hex Nut 51.45/C ... 911.70/M
8-32 Hex NO 51.50 /C $11.80/M PLATING Equipment, Portable Platers, Supplies and
SILICON DIODES No. 2 Lod Washer. 45c /C S 3.50/M
"Know- How." Build your own tanks for nickel, chrome,
114148.. 10/40c 1C/53.50 IM/534.00 No. 4 Lock Washer 450/C S 3.50/M LEARN ELECTRONIC ORGAN SERVICING at home all
etc. Easy -to- install PVC liners. Rectifier components -all
.
makes including transistor. Experimental kit- trouble-

94001.. 10/70c 1C/56.13 158/559.50 Ho. 6 Lock Washer. 450/C S 3.50/M
No 9 Lock Washer. 45c /C 3.50 /M
64002.. 10/72c
64003.. 10/74c
1C/56.30
1C/86.48
1M/561.20
143/562.90
S
sizes. Schematics, parts lists. formulas, operating shooting. Accredited NHSC, Free Booklet. NILES BRYANT
64004.. 10/76c 1C/56.65 1M/564.60 REED RELAYS 5 V. Coil ... S1.70 instructions for all plating. Guaranteed to save you 25%- SCHOOL, 3631 Stockton, Dept. A, Sacramento, Calif.
N4005.. 10/82c 1C/57.18 143/569.70 6 AMP 5P5T 8.0.
6 v. Coil ... 11.70
75%. Some good used units for sale. Write for details.
044006.. 10/900 1C/57.88 1M/576.50 14V. Coil . .. 51.70 95820.
CONTACTS ..
144007..10/99, 1(/58.75 IM/585.00 24V. coil .51.70 Platers Service Company. 1511 -PE Esperanza, Los
Angeles, Calif. 90023. LEARN WHILE ASLEEP, Hypnotize! Strange catalog free.
1/2 8 1A WATT CARBON COMP. RESISTORS Auto -suggestion. Box 24 -ZD, Olympia, Washington 98501.
5 each of the 85 standord 105. volues (2.2.2258) '7 W Resistors (425 pcs.)
Sorted by volee 513/set 2 -4 are S12/565 5 -9 are S11/set. DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS through correspondence. Free
5 each of the 70 stordord 10% values (10 -5.6M) '7/ W Resistors (350 pcs.)
TAPE AND RECORDERS catalog. Grantham, 2000 Stoner Avenue, Los Angeles,
Sorted by valve S13 /set 2.4 are 512 /set 5-9 me 511 /set. California 90025.
MOLEX SOLDERCON IC TERMINALS 4 -Track open reel tapes-all major labels -3,000
100/51 500/S4.20 1000/58.20 5000/038.20 50,000/9275
REN F
different - free brochure. Stereo -Parti, 55 St. James Drive,

Santa Rosa, Ca. 95401.
INTENSIVE 5 week course for Broadcast Engineers. F.C.C.
First Class license. Radio Engineering Incorporated, 61 N.
VOLUME DISCOUNT SCHEDULE I.C. SOCKETS Pineapple Ave., Sarasota, Florida 33577 and 2402 Tide-
Matkedw M.rdeaee 1930 -1962 Radio Programs. Reels, $1.00 Hour! Cassettes, water Trail. Fredericksburg. VA 22401.
Ind Memo e,94 44.s28 8 Pin Solder -Tob .. 17c
S 0.00S 9.99.... NET 100.004499.99 LESS 15% S
14 Pin Solder -Tob .. 20c $2.00 Hour!... Mammoth Catalog, $1.25. AM Treasures,
S 10.003 N.99. LES 5% 910.004999.92 114 20% 16 Pin Solder -Tab .. 226
S
18 Pin solder -Tab .. Box 192F, Babylon, N.Y. 11702.
S
-
25-005 9999 LES 10%
Then Add the M...dead Cheeps Slew
9100000 0 up.. 1255 25%
24 Pin Solder -Tub
28 Pin Solder -Tab 45c ..
29c
OLD RADIO SHOWS ON CASSETTES. $1.50 per show.

STANDARD SHIPPING /HANDLING 40 Pin 5older.Tab ..
CHARGE 8 Pin Wire -Wrap
63c
. 34c
Catalog 25 cents. Radio Classics, Box 804A. Mattituck,
14 Pin Wire -Wrap .. N.Y. 11952. PASS FCC E3(AMSI M,Nnori4e study - -Tn-
IfM e,rfYM. r.N 8I3.4 Ohm* 1. Mesa: 520
16 Pin Wire-Wrap .. 58c Arr.w(' for FCC In and 2,d Ore Redo
0.035 4.99. odd 52.00 50.00.599.99 odd 50.25 18 Pin Wire -Wrap .. 60c Telephone Ikaraa Newly reeked multiple
Egan ad
S S
S 5.00524.99.. odd W.75 9100.03 L up .. No Ong 24 Pin Wire -Wrap 960 choke diagrams cower ell neat
S 25.0151999. odd S0.50 28 Pin Wire -Wrap 51.12
.
GOVERNMENT SURPLUS Ned in FCC Nome plus "SII.Study AD,liry

Goa.nw
.
I04á4.4 AWN, a lswat. t. ESA a rmed. 40 Pin Wire -Wrap. 51.56 Teat" 59,95 paten& Mweybek
106 he 4. 641444.
ACCEPE!D roe SAME PAT
Oaa81 sr kdt /.003MAND PRODUCNONS P.O. BOX 26348 -P
COD
-
SHIPMENT CALL 2104 -111 -474 *to SS see. GOVERNMENT Surplus. How and Where to Buy in Your 01010 IM6118716 tIn19E SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94126
"Unhy (luulin Compurrvnrs Su161'.
Area. Send $2.00. Surplus 30177 -PE Headquarters Bldg.,
Washington, D.C. 20014. SCORE high on F.C.C. Exams...Over 300 questions and
DIGI -KEY CORPORATIO MANUALS for Govt Surplus radios, test sets, scopes. List answers. Covers 3rd, 2nd, 1st and even Radar. Third and
`.O. Box 677 Thief River Falls, MN 56701 50 cents (coin). Books, 7218 Roanne Drive, Washington, Second Test, $14.50; First Class Test, $15.00. All tests,
D.C. 20021. $26.50. R.E.I., Inc., Box 806. Sarasota, Fla. 33577.
CIRCLE NO 22 ON READER SERVICE CARO
Altaj Electronic Bargains
PRICES SLASHED! WE WANT YOUR BUSINESS. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED ON EVERY ITEM
COMPUTER BOARD BONANZA $2.95 #BR13251 Neon 7 segment readout

Latest design for calculators. etc
We bought over 4 tons of Requires 160 VDC Right hand deci-
mals Brand new. factory fresh We
assorted boards. Contains include mating socket FREE 2.95
NOTE With purchase of above read- LM309K
TTL, diodes, transistors, etc. 'y.11 VVVVV 11s1 out array we offer motorola 2N5401 TO -3 Case. t AMP 5 VDC
5 hoard assmt. with 150 to BURROUGHS PANAPLEX II PNP High Voltage driver transistor for Voltage Regulator Brand New
10c each. By National $1.19
250 IC's - S3.95. 12 DIGIT READOUT
3 DIGIT LED READOUT ARRAY

LITRONI
MAN -3 LED READOUTS
Like Litronix DL -33 3 MAN -3 style read - READOUTS Brand new, factory prime unite. 12 in
outs in one package Factory new units 30 IN.CHAR. Common Anode. character Common cathode Perfect for
1,
Designed 'or calculators Special - SPECIAL - calculators 39e so. Best Price Any -
$1.3913 Digits) $1.19 w here'
CALCULATOR CHIP BONANZA DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK IC CMOS 1 AMP RECTIFIER RIOT!
PRICES SLASHED! The newest and easiest to use alarm chip CD4001 - 33c CD4017 - $1 .39 We bought over 10 million
The newest and easiest to use chips CD4030 59c
available today Made by famous US mfg.
on the market today. Features: CD4002 - 33c -
pieces untested. 1N4000
1.Single supply voltage. CD4009 - 69c 74CO2 - 39c
All are 28 pin DIP. Features: direct LED 2. LED Intensity control CD4011 - 33c 74C04 - 39c series. Also a few 1 watt
l
segment drive. low power consumption. 3. Simple time set. CD4012 - 33c 74C107 - $1.49 ZENERS mixed in. Sample
internal keyboard debounce, internal tests show this lot contains
;
4. 4 or 6 Digit LED Display CD4016 - 69c
clock oscillator, single supply voltage, 5. AM -PM Indication
internal keyboard encoding, and floating fa-- s many useable devices, some
6. 24 Hr. Alarm.
decimal point. Does not require many 7. 10 minute snooze. even up to 1 KV. Sold as is
external components as do older types assorted, but you will be
like CT5001, 5002. 5005, etc. We otter the
most sophisticated functions for the
lowest price anywhere.
Order #70250
8. Outperforms MM5316
- $6.95 (2 FOR $12) DIGITAL WRIST
WATCH CRYSTAL
happy. 100 PCS
500 PCS -
$4.95
$1.29 -
Chip 41 -B Digit, Constant, Six Func-
tion ( - -, x, 4- %
MM5314 NATIONAL CLOCK CHIP
The most popular clock chip around. We
Brand new, mfg. by CTS -KNIGHT. 32.768
KHZ. Standard, most popular type. Free 28 Pin Socket with purchase of
, ,
$2.49 Special $1.95 any clock or calculator chip.
made a huge special purchase of factory
MOTOROLA MJE 3055 fresh, prime units. Lowest price in USA. $1 VALUE -FREE BONUS
Plastic version of 2N3055. NPN Silicon.
90 Watts 15 Amps. SPECIAL 69c - 24 Pin DIP. 4 or 6 Digits. With Specs.
$3.95
COLOR ORGAN CONTROL MODULE
Completely self- contained. Has SCR
circuitry, AC line cord, etc. From a 8
POCKET CALCULATORS
Digit. LED various styles.
close out by a mfg. of color organs.
8008 MICROPROCESSOR New, unused These are complete units, but
CT7001 BY CAL -TEX $1.49
Computer on chip. 8 Bit a Digital alarm clock chip with calender are customer returns for vari-
Parallel CPU. Can address 16k feature. 4 or 6 digits. Also has timing MOTOROLA SCR ous reasons. We got these
circuitry for radio ON -OFF control fac- 2N4443 8 Amp 400PN, Plastic Power
x 8 bits of memory. With Case. 69c from the mfg. and have not
tory fresh.
specs. Factory tested units. $6.95 checked them out or culled
GE POWER DARLINGTON
$24.95 NPN Plastic Power Tab Case. through them. Includes 4, 5,
VCE6 -30 HFE- 30,000 TYP. Brand new and even 6 functions. No
2102-1K RAM's for above
$4.95 or 8 For $30
- JUMBO LED READOUT
Twice the size of regular readouts. .65
units, but leads are slightly trimmed
for P.C.B. choice. A super value just for
parts.
inches. Like Litronix DL747. Outperforms
and easier to read than SLA -3, only 20 1024 BIT SIGNETICS P -ROM SPECIAL $7.95 -
--
MA per segment. Our best readout for 8251291 -256X4 bipolar, field pro
Sorry no Data Available
-
74121 -
TTL SUPER SPECIAL
ONE SHOT 41$1
digital clocks.
$2.95 ea 16 FOR $15) Common Anode
-
gramable ROM Fully TTL compa-
tible. 50 ns. max address access
time Much faster than MOS type
Sold as is
7505 STYLE REGULATORS
-
LINEAR IC SPECIALS units. Perfect for code conver- TO -220 Plastic Caes 5VDC Regulator
555V -75c 567V -S1 95 723CH -59c 741 CV -39c
LM324 by National -
Quad 741C in one DIP $1.19 - sions. microprogrammers, hand - Brand New by National 99c -
wired algorithms. controllers. etc FACTORY NEW LED'S
With specs Regular $35 ea Jumbo Red -Like MV5024 -8/$1
12VDC REED RELAY FILTER CAPS SPECIAL 3.95- Jumbo Green -Like MV5222 -5/$1
Coil is 500 OHM. SPST -No. 1000 MFD 16VDC upright BEST MEMORY BUY IN USA, Jumbo Yellow -5 /$1
$1.49 Sub -Mini. style. 4 FOR $1 Mini Red -Like MV50 -10/$1
FORD SOLID STATE MODULES
PRIME TTL DIP IC'S SO3! FUNCTION GENERATOR LOOK Mfg by Centralab for Ford car radios.
7400 -16c 7448 -89c 74151 -75c Brand new Voltage con- MOS 4 DIGIT COUNTER Each module contains 2 transistors
7402 -16c 7453 -16c 74153 -89c trolled oscillator. Has sine, An ALTAJ exclusive. These are plus other components. These modules
7404 -16c
7406 -24c
7473 -37c
7474 -37c
74154 -95c
74157 -99c
square wave, and triangular out-
puts. $4.50 each
the latest state of the art. MOS
chips. By a famous US mfg.
Contains a complete 4 digit count-
include specs. -
were used as audio pre-amps. We
4 For $1
7408 -16c 7475 -65c 74161 -99c er, including 4 decade counters, TTL IC ASSORTMENT
7410 -16c 7476 -39c 74163 -1 19 latches, multiplexing circuits, dis-
7413 -49c 7483 -85c 74164 -1 29 play decoders, etc. Features: 5 - Various types. Most are marked. Our best
IN4148 DIODES VDC operation, 25 MW power selling assortment. Untested but in-
7420 -16c 7490 -69c 74165 -1 49 cludes many useable devices.
Brand New Units. Same as IN914. consumption, both 7 segment and
7427 -24c 7492 -75c 74174 -1 29 Full Leads. BCD outputs. Perfect for making 200 PCS FOR $3.95
7430 -16c
7437 -39c
7438 -35c
7440 -16c
7442 -69c
7447 -89c
7493 -75c
7495 -75c
7496 -75c
74121 -38c
74123 -75c
74150 -70c
74175 -1 39
74181 -2.75
74192 -1 25
74193 -1 25
74195 -79c
74197 -79c
'a'
6c each
READOUTS
'
.27 IN. Character. Common
a
DVM's, frequency meters, tacho-
meters. stopwatches. or any other
device requiring 4 or more digits.
Complete with specs. 28 PIN DIP.
QTY Limited.
SPECIAL
BACK IN STOCK'
-
$12.50
FM TRANSFORMERS
We bought a load of coils and
transformers that were used in Ford
AM -FM car radios. Includes 19KHZ,
38KHZ, OSC. Coils, etc. All New.
Anode
--
Perfect for experimenters or repair-
-
--
men. 10 Pc Asst. 99c
AUDIO AMP ASSEMBLY MAN 5 GREEN $1.29
From Audio Eqmt Mfg. Pc Board with
-
2 watt lc Amp plus other components.
SPECIAL $1.49 Very Limited Qty.
MAN 8 YELLOW
PHASE LOCKED LOOP
$1.29
RCA CA3043 FM IC -
Used in FM stereos. Contains IF
ALTAJ ELECTRONICS
P.O. BOX 38544
565A by Signetics. Extemely Amp, Limiter. FM Detector, and DALLAS, TEXAS 75238
stable. High linearity, wide fre- an Audio Preamp and Driver all in
P & B RELAYS quency range. TTL compatible. one 12 lead TO -5 package. With TERMS: Check or money order. No COD.
4P.D.T Miniature Size
--
Perfect for tone decoders, FSK,
SCA receivers, frequency multipli-
Spec Sheets.
A $3.00 Valve 99c - Add 10% Pstg. and Hdlg. Tex Res. add
5%.
24VDC Coil
115VAC Coil
1.49
1.79
cation and division
WITH SPECS
$1.75. -
CIRCLE NO S ON READER SERVICE CARD
AUGUST 1975 97
r
STEREO RECEIVER CHASSIS UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY MAIL! Bachelors. Masters,
Ph.D's. Free revealing details. Counseling, Box 1162 -PE8,
Tustin, California 92680.
This receiver was designed SELF -STUDY CB RADIO REPAIR COURSE. THERE'S
to mount in an elaborate MONEY TO BE MADE REPAIRING CB RADIOS. This easy -
cabinet. Ideal for custom to -learn course can prepare you for a career in electronics
installation.Has inputs for enabling you to earn as much as $1600 an hour in your
¡a
phonograph and tape deck.
Outputs for 2 sets of sp-
eakers,and headphone jack.
For spare time. For more information write: CB RADIO REPAIR
COURSE, Dept. PE085, 531 N. Ann Arbor, Oklahoma City,
Okla. 73127.
/itch, stereo indicator, 5 position function switch,bass
EARN WHILE YOU LEARN Television Servicing. Simplified
treble -Dalance controls. We supply the external power trans-
former, but no speakers. Ready to go with your speakers.
Data sheet included: 15 "x10 "x5'''4 ". Wt. 7 lbs. Guaranteed.
faster proven troubleshooting techniques. Profusely illustrated.
Easily understood. Send $2.00 for first lesson. Money re-
funded if not satisfied. Electronics Learning Center, 4501
STOCK NO.P5276 $37.50 ea; 2/70.00 Cedros, No. 245A, Sherman Oaks, California 91403.
LOADED COMPUTER PARTS BOARDS service UPDATE your electronics knowledge and add a FCC first
class license. Home study. Free catalog. Genn Tech, 5540
Hollywood Bv., Los Angeles, CA 90028.
LEARN BROADCASTING. Become a disc jockey, get free
tapes, records. Start own station. Complete details free.
Broadcasting, Box 5516, Walnut Creek, CA 94596.
USE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UP TO 60% DISCOUNT. Name brand instruments catalog.

We have group of boards that are loaded with highly desirable
a
semi -conductors, ''4 watt resistors and capacitors. A sample set
ZIP Freeport Music, 455N Route 110, Melville, N.Y. 11746.
WHOLESALE! Professional Guitars, PA Systems, Altec
of 4 boards yielded the following: 101 TO -5 transistors, 43 TO- Speakers, 240W RMS Amplifiers. Free Catalog, Carvin,
18 transistors, 480 ''4 watt resistors, 238 small signal diodes, Escondido, Calif. 92028.
113 small discaps, and much more. Enough parts for a lot of
building and experimenting. CODE FREE CATALOG! 30% ro 50% discount. Any model: guitar,
amp, drum, banjo, dobro! Write: Warehouse, PE -2, Box
STOCK NO.P9160 4 different boards,5.00. 9 different, 9.00. 11449, Ft. Worth, TX 76109.
COMPUTER GRADE CAPACITORS

TREASURE FINDERS
15 Volts 10,000 MF D. P2352 3.50 3/9.00
on
1
50 Volts 4,000 MF D. P2189 2.50 4/9.00

50 Volts 9,000 MFD. P2350 3.25 4/12.00 FREE FACT - FILLED CATALOG! World's largest selection!
75 Volts 3,750 MFD. P2116 3.00 3/8.00 Metal detectors starting at $79.50. Two year guarantee!
Three factories, U.S.- Canada. 1,200 dealers - Service
Enclose sufficient postage. Excess will be refunded. Send
for our new catalog 14. 64 pages of electronic bargains.
all Centers nationwide. Finest instruments at any price!
Budget Terms. Dealer inquiries invited. Write: White's
Electronics, Inc. Dept. PD5V, 1011 Pleasant Valley Road,
Sweet Home, Oregon 97386.
DELTA ELECTRONICS CO.

BOX LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 01903
1,
mail TREASURE FINDER locates buried gold, silver, coins,
treasures. 6 powerful models. Instant financing available.
Write or call for free catalog. Phone (713) 682-2728 day or
Phone (617) 388 -4705 night. Dealer inquiries invited. Relco, Dept. AA20, Box
10839, Houston, Texas 77018.
CB SPECIALS OEM SPECIALS

2SC517 4.75 2SC781 3.25 2SC1237 2.00 2SC1678 5.75 1N270 06 2N630 3.10 2N1540 90 282325 2.10 283247 3.50 283856 20 2N4403 19
2SC710 .70 2SC799 4.25 2SC1239 2.80 1N749.A 16 2N677C 5.00 2N1543 3.00 2N2326 3.00 2N3250 40 2N3866 90 2N4409 .19
2SC1679 5.75 1N750.A 16 2N706 20 2N1544 80 282327 4.00 2N3375 4 95 2N3903 19 284410 .19
2SC711 .70 2SC1013 1.50 2SC1243 1.50 2SC1957 3.50 1N751.A 16 2N706B 35 2N1549 1.05 2N2328 4.25 2N3393 19 2N3904 19 2N4416 75
2SC735 .70 2SC1014 1.50 2SC1306 5.25 2SD235 1.00 1N914 06 2N711 35 2N1551 3 50 282329 6.00 2N3394 19 283905 19 2N4441 85
2SC756 1.50 2SC1017 1.50 2SC1307 6.25 MRF8004 3.00 1N4148 06 2N711B 50 2Ní552 3.50 2N2368 .25 2N3414 22 2N3906 19 2N4442 .90
2SC773 .85 2SC1018 1.50 2SC1377 6.75 4004 3.00 1N4746 50 2N718 18 2N1554 175 282369 19 283415 25 283924 3.25 2N4443 1 25
2SC774 1.75 2SC1173 1.25 2SC1449 3.50 4005 3.00 1N4747 .50 2N718A 25 2N1557 1 50 282484 .20 2N3416 28 283925 4 50 284852 60
1N4749 50 2N720A 1.35 2N1560 3.00 282712 .25 2N3417 30 283954 4 50 2N5061 25
1N5355 75 2N759A 90 2N1605 35 2N2894 40 2N3442 1.90 2N3954A 4.90 2N5064 40
1N5357.A.B.75 2N760 40 2N1613 30 282903 3.50 2N3553 1.50 2N3955 250 285130 .19'
JAPANESE TRANSISTORS N5358.A.B 75
1
1N5359.Á.875
2N173 2.00
2N877
2N894
2N918
2.25
1.75
281671 1.00 2N2904
2N1711 30 2N2904A
281907 4.25 2N2905
_19 2N3563
.25 283565
19 283638
18 2N3955A
18 2N3957
18 2N3958
2.90 2N5133
130 285138
.15
.15
19 1 20 2N5154 6.25
2SA52 60 2SB370 110 2SC478 80 2SC829 75 2SC1509 1.25 2N178 90 2N930 19 2N2060 90 2N2905A
1 25 2N3642 19 2N4037 60 285157 8 95
2SA101 70 258379 .65 2SC482 1.75 2SC833 .70 2SC 1569 1.25 2N327A 1.25 2N956 20 2N2102 40 282906 19 2N3643 15 2N4093 90 2N5198 3.85
2SA103 70
2SB380 .70 2SC491 2.50 2SC838 70 2SC1756 1 25 2N334 1.25 2N960 40 2N2218 20 2N2906A 20 2N3645 15 284124 .18 2N5294 60
2SA22t 60 258405 1 00 2SC495 .70 2SC839 85 2SD30 95 2N336 90 2N962 40 2N2218A 25 282907 19 2N3646 10 2N4126 23 285296 45
2SA473 85 258407 210 2SC497 1.60 2SC930 65 25O45 2.00 2N338A 110 2N967 40 2N2219 20 2N2907A 25 2N3730 1.25 284141 23 2N5306 20
2SA495 65 258415 1.05 2SC515 .80 2SC945 65 2SD64 75 283980 90 2N1136 125 2N2219A 25 2N2913 75 2N3731 165 2N4142 16 285354 25
2SA497 55 258461 1 25 2SC535 95 2SC1010 .80 25D65 75 28404 20 2N1137A 1.65 2N2221 19 282914 125 283740 100 2N4143 15 2N5369 20
2SA505 65 256463 1 65 2SC536 65 2SC1012 80 2SD68 .70 2N443 105 2N1142 1.95 2N2221A .19 2N2916A 3.75 2N3771 90 2N4220A 1 90 2N5400 50
2SA562 70 258471 t 75 2SC537 .70 2SC1013 1.50 2SD72 1,00 2N456 1.15 2N1143 1.75 282222 19 2N3019 1.25 283772 2.00 2N4234 1 25 285401 .50
2SA607 2 25 258474 1.75 2SC563 2.50 2SC1014 t 50 25088 1.50 2N501A 3.50 2N1302 25 2N2222A 19 283053 19 283773 2.10 284235 1 60 2N5457 .35
2SA613 00 258481
1 2 10 2SC564 .70 2SC1018 1.50 2SD120 .85 2N5084 35 2N1305 30 2N2270 .30 2N3054 70 2N3819 25 2N4400 19 2N5458 35
2SA643 85 2513492 1 25 25E568 70 2SC1030 3.25 2SD130 1 50
2N512B 2.50 2N1377 1 25 282322 1.50 283055 75 2N3823 60 284401 19 2N5467 2800
2SA647 275 2SB495 .95 2SC582 .85 2SC1051 2.50 2SD141 2.25 2N555 45 2N1420 18 2N2323 60 283227
1 2 10 2N3843 25 2N4402 19 C10681 45
2SA673 85 2SB605 2.00 2SC591 2.50 2SC1061 1.65 250151 2.50 2N652A 90 2N1483 1 00 2N2324 200
2SA679 225 2SB606 2.00 2SC605 1.00 2SC1079 3.95 250170 2.00
2SA682 95 2SC15 65 2SC619 70 2SC1096 1.20 250180 3.00 SILICON UNIJUNCTIONS INTEGRATED CIRC. RECTIFIERS
2SA699 30 2SC24
1 65 2SC620 .80 2SC1098 1.15 2SD198 2.50 2N2646 To-18 50 UA703C 40 10 100
2SA699A 2 00 2SC32 65 2SC627 75 2SC1115 2.75 2513201 2.50 2N2647 To-18 4.00
.fr 2SA705 2SC33
1
65 CA3066 1N4001 .60 5.00
55 .65 2SC644 70 2SC1166 .70 25D218 500 2N6027 PUT To-92
2SA714 2 50 2SC41 4 00 2SC645 85 2SC1170 4.00 250235 1.00 .55 CA3068 6.50 6.00 1N4002 .70
2SA720 70 2SC49 80 2SC681 250 2SC1172134.25 2SD261 .80 2N6028 PUT To-92 75 MC 1305 1.50
.80 7.00 1N4003
2SA733 65 2SC56 95 2SC684 2.10 2SC1173 1.25 2813291 .85 2N1671 To-5 1.00 1N4004 .90 8.00
Replacement for Zenith
2SB22 65 2SC 143 3.50 2SC687 2.50 2SC1213 .75 2SD292 .85 D5E37 To-18 4/1.00 1 N4005 1.00 9.00
2SB54 70 2SC154 3 75 2SC696 2.35 2SC 1226 125 2SD300 2 -50
221 -36, 221 -37, 221 -39 3.50
25856 70 2SC 162 375 2SC710 .70 2SC1237 2.00 250313 1 20 1N4006 1.10 10.00
25877 70 2SC163 4 50 2$C711 .70 2SC1239 2 80 250315 75 1N4007 1,20 11.00
258128 2.50 2SC185 1 00 2SC712 .70 2SC1293 85 2S0318 .95 TRANSISTOR GRAB BAG -Germanium and Silicon small sigs and power transistors.
2513135 95 2SC202 00 2SC713 70 2SC1308 5.00 250341 -95
258152 4.50 2SC206
1
2SC732
Untested. 50/1.00 FAIRCHILD 9L00 IC's, prime units 29
1 00 70 2SC1317 60 2SD350 3.50
258172 55 2SC240 1.10 2SC733 .70 2SC1325 5.00 25D352 .80
HOBBYIST'S 16 Pin Digital IC- Untested. -15/1.00 709C Hi -Pert. Op Amp 5/1.00
258173 55 2SC261 .65 2SC735 70 2SC1347 .80 2SD380 6.00 Fairchild 7400 IC- While They Last! 8/1.00 741C Hi -Pert. Op Amp 4/1.00
2SBt75 55 2SC291 .65 2$C739 .70 2SC1377 6.75 2SD389 .95
256178 1.00 2SC320 75 2SC756 1.50 2SC1383 75 2SD390 75
258186 60 2SC352 75 2SC774 1.75 2SC1393 60 2SD437 6.00
258187 60 2SC353 75 2SC775 2.00 2SC1409 2 75 2S0458 80
2513235 t 95 2SC371 70 2SC778 3.00 2SC1410 2.75 2501111 350
258303
2SB324
2SB337
65 2SC372
1 00 2SC380
2.10 2SC387
70
70
70
2SC783
2SC784
2SC785
1
100
00
70
2SC1446 1.25
2SC1447 1.25
2SC1448 1.25
2SD1115
23109
2SK30
3 75
2.25 ,New-Zane eleciralrks
1.25
258364 65 2SC394 70 2SC792 3 00 2SC1450 1.00 2SK40 1 60
P.O. BOX 1738 A
2SB365 65 2SC458 70 2SC793 2.50 2SC1454 2.75 .3SF11 3.14
2SB367 1.60 2SC460 70 2SC828 75 2SC1507 1.25 SG609 4.95 BLOOMFIELD, N.J. 07003
20% off on Replacement orders of 25.00 or more. Above is partial list of current sock TERMS. Check or money order. CODs accepted. Include 10ò for postage and handling N.J. residents
available at drastic reductions. Send for complete list! add 5% sales tax. Minimum order 5.00.
ALL PARTS GUARANTEED AND TESTED ON PREMISES.
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG AND LG. QUANTITY DISCOUNTS.
CIRCLE 80.38 ON READER SERVICE CARD

OR POPIII AR FLECTRONICS
PRICES !c;'ned up to 50%
Take advantage of our new Volume Discount.
SPECIAL CLOSEOUT
SALE on 74500 series 74501 .50
Schottky TTL. This is a 74503 .50
74504 .55
one -time offer, as we are 74505 .55
SEMICONDUCTORS discontinuing our line of

this fast TTL. These
74509
74515
74520
.50
.50
.50
Solid State Systems, Inc. has in stock a wide range of
SEMICONDUCTORS including 7400 TTL, Linear IC's, 7400 SERIES items are offered at our
cost, but only while
74521
74522
74540
.50
.50
55
Diodes, Transistors, and TRIAC's. Unit Catalog Unit .50
Catalog 74550
These items are ALL factory tested FIRST -RUN Number Price Number Price they last. These items 74551 .50
PRIME All IC's are supplied in 18 -, 14 -, 16 -, or 24 -pin 7400 20 7484 2.80 will NOT be backorder- 74560 .50
DIP plastic or ceramic package except for NE540 and 7485 1.40 74565 .50
7401 .20 ed and credit will be 74574 .99
7402 .20 7486 .45
SE540, which come in a TO -3 package.
7403 .20 7489 3.50 issued for all items 74576 .99
Catalog Unit 7404 7490 .68 74578 .99
Descrition rices
Prices
.21
1.00
SOLD OUT. Get them 745107 .99
7405 .21 7491
12 -17501 NE501A Video Amplifier 2. b0 7406 .40 7492 .68 while they are still in 745112 .99
7407 .40 7493 .68 745113 .99
12 -27531 NE531V High Slew Rate OP Amp 2.60
stock! 745114 .99
NE540L Power Driver 2.00 7408 .22 7494 .98
12 -37540
12 -35540 SE540L Power Driver 4.00 7409 .22 7495 .98
1217550 NE550A Precision Voltage Regulator 1.00 7410 .20 7496 .98
82 -03554 SI-3554E, 5V 3 Amp Voltage Reg 7.50 7411 .21 74100 1.25
12 -27555 NE555V Timer .80
1.50
7413
7416
.45
.38
74104
74105
.60
.60 4000
12 -25556
12 -25558
12-17560
N5556V Operational Amp
N5558V Dual Operational Amp
NE5608 Phase Locked Loop
.68
2.25
2.25
7417
7418
7420
.38
.30
.20
74107
74121
74122
.42
.48
.60
CMOS SERIES
12 -17561 NE561B Phase Locked Loop
12 -17562 NE562B Phase Locked Loop 2.25 7421 .20 74123 1.00
12 -17565 NE565A Phase Locked Loop 2.25 7423 .40 74141 1.25 Catalog Unit
74145 1.21 Description
12 -27566 NE566V Function Generator 2.25 7425 .40 Number Prices
12 -27567 NE567V Tone Decoder PLL 2.25 7426 .26 74150 1.42
1.00 4000 Duel 3 -Input Positive NOR Gate Plus Inverter .29
12 -15595 N5595A Linear 4 -Quad Multiplier 2.25 7430 .20 74151
1.25 4001 Quad 2 -Input Positive NOR Gate .29
12 -15596 N5596Á Balanced Modulator -Demod 1.65 7437 .44 74153
1.95 4002 Dual 4-Input Positive NOR Gate .29
12 -25709 709CV Operational Amp .38 7438 .44 74154
1.25 4006 18 Stage Static Shift Register 2.55
12 -15710 710CA Voltage Comparator .30 7440 .20 75155
1.25 4007 Dual Complimentary Pair Plus Inverter .29
12 -15711 711CA Dual Voltage Comparator .32 7441 1.00 74156
74157 1.30 4008 4-Bit Full Adder W /Parallel Carry Out 1.36
12 -15723 723CA Precision Voltage Reg .85 7442 1.00
1.00 74158 1.30 4009 Hex Buffer, Inverting Type .74
12 -15733 733CA Differential Video Amp 1.40 7443
1.00 74161 1.50 4010 Hex Buffer, Non- Inverting Type .74
12 -25741 741CV High Performance Op Amp .45 7444
1.20 74162 1.50 4011 Quad 2 -Input Positive NAND Gate .29
12 -15747 747CA Dual Operational Amp .95 7445
1.00 74163 1.50 4012 Dual 4 -Input Positive NAND Gate .29
12 -25748 748CV High Performance Op Amp .35 7446
7447 .90 74164 1.50 4013 Dual D -Type Flip -Flop W/Set -Reset .67
. DIODES
21 -10270 N270 Germanium Switching Diode .12 7448 1.00 74165 1.50 4014 8-Stage Static Shift Register 1.86
1
7450 .20 74166 1.50 4015 Dual 4 -Stage Static Register 1.79
42 -14001 1N4001, 1Amp, 50PRV, Rec Diode .07
7451 .20 74170 2.75 4016 Quad Bilateral Switch .67
4017 Decade Counter /Divider W /Decoded Outputs 1.69
7453 .20 74175 2.00
42 -14003 1N4003, 1Amp, 200PR V, Bee Diode .09
4018 Preaettable Divide-By-"N" Counter 1.86
.10 7454 .20 74176 1.75
42 -14004 1N4004, 1Amp, 400PRV, Rec Diode 4019 Quad AND -OR "Select" Gate .67
7459 .20 74177 1.75
4020 14 -Stage Ripple -Carry Binary Counter /Divider 1.86
7460 .20 74180 1.00
42 -14006 1N4006, 1Amp, 800PRV, Rec Diode .12 4021 8-Stage Static Shift Register 1.79
7470 .32 74181 3.95
42 -14007 1N4007, 1Amp, 1000PRV, Rec Diode .13 4022 Divide -By-8 Counter W/8 decoded outputs 1.69
.08 7472 .29 74182 .95
42 -14148 1N4148 Silicon Switching Diode 4023 Triple 3 -Input Positive NAND Gate .29
.15 7473 .40 74192 1.25
73-10746 1N746Á, 3.3V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode 4024 7 -Stage Binary Counter 1.43
7474 .40 74193 1.25
73-10747 1N747A, 3.6V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 4025 Triple 3 -Input Positive NOR Gate .29
7475 .64 74196 1.95
73-10748 1N748A, 3.9V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 4026 Decade Counter/7 -Sep. Decoder, Disp. Enable 2.89
7476 .42 74197 1.95
73 -10749 1N749Á, 4.3V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 4027 Dual J -K Master -Slave Flip -Flop W/Set & Reset .84
1N750Á, 4.7V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 7480 .50 74198 2.65
73-10750 4028 BCD -To-Decimal Decoder 1.43
1N751A, 5.1 V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 7482 .93 74199 2.65
73 -10751 4029 Presetteble Up/Down Counter, Binary or BCD 2.11
73 -10752 1N752A, 5.6V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 7483 1.30
4030 Quad Exclusive -OR Gate .67
73 -10753 1N753A, 6.2V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 4033 Decade Counter /7 -Sag. Decod. & Ripple Blank. 3.23
73 -10754 1N754A, 6.8V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 4035 4-Stage Shift Register (Parallel -In, Parallel Out) 1.86
.15 If your merchandise total is between:
73 -10755 1N755A, 7.5V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode 4040 12 -Stage Ripple -Carry Bin. Counter /Divider 1.86
73 -10756 1N756A, 8.2V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 4041 Quad True/Compliment Buffer 1.35
.15
STANDARD CHARGES
73 -10757 1N757Á, 9.1V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode 4042 Quad Clocked "D" Latch 1.28
73-10758 1N758A, 10V, 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15 1.26
$ 0.00 - $ 4.99 add $2.00 4043 Quad NOR R/S Latch
73 -10759 1N759A. 12V. 5 %, 400MW, Zener Diode .15
$ 5.00 - $24.99 add $0.75 4044 Quad NAND R/S Latch 1.26
TRANSISTORS
54 23860 2N3860 NPN General Purpose Transistor .21 $ 25.00 - $4999 add $0.50 4049 Hex Buffer/Converter, Inverting Type .72
$ 50.00 - $99.99 add $0.25 4050 Hex Buffer/Converter, Non -Inverting Type .72
TRIACS
45 03003 3mA Gate 50V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.31
$100.00 and up NO CHARGE 4051 Single 8- Channel Multiplexer 2.11
4052 Differential 4- Channel Multiplexer 2.11
45-03203 3mA Gate 200V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.69 The above charges include shipping via
4053 Triple 2- Channel Multiplexer 2.11
45 -03403 3mA Gate 400V 3 Amp. TRIAC 2.11 First Class or UPS (your Choice), and
4060 14-Stege Ripple -Carry Bin. Count. /Div. W /Osc. 2.55
45 -10003 10mA Gate 50V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.06 insurance for all domestic shipments.
4066 Quad Bilateral Switch 1.26
45 -10203 10mA Gate 200V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.36
4071 Quad 2 -Input OR Gate .36
45 -10403 10mA Gate 200V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.70 SPECIAL CHARGES 4072 Dual 4 -Input OR Gate .36
46 -25003 25mA Gate 50V 3 Amp. TRIAC .85
4081 Quag 2 -Input AND Gate .36
45 -25203 25mA Gate 200V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.19 COD $1.00 -additional 4082 Dual 4 -Input AND Gate .36
45 -25403 25mA Gate 400V 3 Amp. TRIAC 1.53 Air Mail $0.50- additional 4502 Stobed Hex Inverter /Buffer 1.28
45-50010 5OmA Gate 50V 10 Amp. TRIAC .84 Postal Insurance $0.25 -additional 4510 BCD Up/Down Counter 1.96
45-50015 50mA Gate 50V 15 Amp. TRIAC 1.31 Special Delivery $0.75 -additional 4511 BCD -To -7 Seg. Latch/Decoder /Driver 1.96
4512 8- Channel Data Selector 2.13
VOLUME DISCOUNT SCHEDULE 4514 4 -Bit Latch /4- 16- Decoder(Hi) 2.47
4515 4 -Bit Latch/4- 16- Decoder( Lo) 2.47
Merchandise Total Discount 4516 Binary Up /Down Counter 1.96
46-50010 50mA Gate 50V 10 Amp. TRIAC .75 4518 Dual BCD Up Counter 2.04
0.00 -$ 9.99 NET
46 -50015 50mA Gate 50V 15 Amp. TRIAC 1.18 $
4520 Dual Bin. Up /Down Counter 2.04
46 -50215 50mA Gate 200V 15 Amp. TRIAC 2.10 $ 10.00 -$ 24.99 Less 5%
4528 Dual Monostable Multivibrator 1.69
1.55 $ 25.00 -$ 99.99 Less 10%
46-50410 50mA GAte 400V 10 Amp. TRI AC 4585 4 -Bit Magnatude Comparator 2.13
$ 100.00 $499.99 Less 15%
46 -50415 50mA GAte 400V 15 Amp. TRIAC 2.60 -
$ 500.00 -$999R9 Less 20%
SEND YOUR ORDER TO: $1000.00 and up

OR CALL: 800- 325 -2981
Less25%
SSOLID STATE SYSTEMS, INC.

P. 0. BOX 617 master charge BANKAMERICARD
71.1f INrER190Rx CRD
i 1,41(24/44/;2.y
I-1 COLUMBIA, MISSOURI 65201

AUGUST 1975
A_
PRO SPORTS FILMS Popular Electronics

SUMMER FILM FESTIVAL -order Ali-Foreman heavy-
weight championship; the '75 Super Bowl (Stealers -
Vikings) in Super 8, Color, $18.95 each PPD. You save
POTTER $1.50 on every print you buy. Sam Snead Cuts Strokes; '72
NBA Basketball, Super 8, 200' reel, B& W, $5.95 each PPD. AUGUST 1975
BRUMFIELD Or choose other interesting films (including Super 8
T
Sound) from Castle, Columbia and Sportlite catalogs (30
4 PDT 3A Contacts
4) 24 VDC (650 coil) $1.50 EA.
cents each, coins or stamps). PRO SPORTS FILMS, Elect. ADVERTISERS INDEX
Dept. -8, Box 24 -500, Speedway, Indiana 46224.
120 VAC (10.5 MA coil) $1.75 EA.
DO- IT-YOURSELF
DIP 50CIIET5 TTL SPECIAL READER PAGE
8 PIN PCB .22 7400 DIP TTL Signetic/
SERVICE NO. ADVERTISER NUMBER
14 PIN PCB .26 House Numbered TELEPHONES, ALL TYPES. Equipment, Supplies, Keyed
16 PIN PCB .30
Regular, Decorator. Catalog 50 cents. Box 1654J, Costa
24 PIN PCB .75 7404 DIP TTL Hex Inverter
40 PIN PCB 1.25 Signetic /House Numbered Mesa, California 92626.
1 A.D.R. Audio Video 80
14 PIN WIRE WRAP .35
Each $ .17 Ten for $1.50 2 A P Products Incorporated 23
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES 53 A P Products Incorporated 11
FAIRCHILD "TRIMPOTS" 3 Adva Electronics 89
IMADE $40,000.00 Year by Mailorder! Helped others make 4 Allison Automotive Company 70
Brand new 20 turn precision trimners. These
are prime parts mostly individually packed money! Free Proof. Torrey, Box 318-NN, Ypsilanti,
6 Altaj Electronics 97
in sealed envelopes. These values in stock: Michigan 48197.
7 Ancrona Corp 101
50 OHM 1K 5K 25K FREE CATALOGS. Repair air conditioning, refrigeration.
500 OHM 2K 10K 8 Antenna Specialists Co., The 22
Tools, supplies, full instructions. Doolin, 2016 Canton,
Each only S .89 10 for $7.50 9 Audio Technica U.S., Inc 23
Dallas, Texas 75201.
CARBON RESISTORS MAILORDER MILLIONAIRE helps beginners make $500
11 Babylon Electronics 100
Carbon Resistors 1 -Watt 5% -full prime weekly. Free report reveals secret plan! Executive (1K8),
All values in stock. 10 per value (min- 333 North Michigan, Chicago 60601. Bell & Howell Schools 18, 19, 20, 21, 83, 84
imum quantity). 10 for $ .45 12 Browning Laboratories, Inc 14
PIANO TUNING LEARNED QUICKLY AT HOME! Musical
knowledge unnecessary. Free Information. Empire
2102-2 MOS 1024 BIT MEMORY (DIP) School, Box 450327, Miami 33145. 13 CB Radio Repair Course, Inc 78
FULLY DECODED STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
DIRECTLY TTL COMPATIBLE INPUTS AND OUTPUT
SINGLE 5V SUPPLY - - NO CLOCKS OR REFRESH
' l
)
y $200.00 DAILY In Your Mailbox! Your opportunity to do
what mail -order experts do. Free details. Associates, Box
CREI Capitol Radio Engineering
Institute 72, 73, 74, 75
$5.00 each 8 for $34.95 136-J, Holland, Michigan 49423. 14 CTS of Paducah, Inc 63
FREE BOOK "2042 unique proven enterprises." Work 15 Circuit Design, Inc 63
DIODE ARRAY home! Hayling -B, Carlsbad, CA 92008. 16 Cleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc 54 55, 56, 57
VrI'T !`l'r'Trl!l'rw ELECTRONIC Assemby Business. Big profits. Start home, 17 Cobra, Product of Dynascan Corporation 5
10 - 1N914 Silicon Signal Diodes in one
package. 20 leads spaced .1 "; no common spare time. Investment, knowledge, experience unneces- 19 Continental Specialties Corp 13
connections. Each $ .25 10 for $2.25 sary. Free illustrated literature. Barta, Box 248CV, Walnut
Creek. Calif. 94597. 20 Delta Electronics Co 98
SPECIAL
Numeric Display 21 Delta Products, Inc 79
PROM P d
1/4" Single Digit PROM 22 Digi -Key Corporation 96
GaAsP LED
COMMON CATHODE WITH RH DECIMAL
I_ lllllllh UIGt,,f,P,C Citizens Band 23
24
EICO
Edmund Scientific Co
81
88
SUPER SPECIAL $.59 32aWORD
DEALER-DISTRIBUTORS 25 Edmund Scientific Co 102
TEN for $4.95 ACTUAL SIZE MEMORY Send this ad with Letterhead to
3 13.00 EA. G C Electronics 6
Compact
H'ghly legible
-
-
10 che,ts in width
panel
bright red t' character easily d 10 - 129 PAL ELECTRONICS CO.
n 10 feet over a wide v Ingg angle (t40)ed
YE P, O LRAM
Low power - 125 ma per d,g1t at ty Cal brightness
OR 5 EACH 2962 W WELDON - PHOENIX, ARIZ. 85017 5 Heath Company 25
26 Hy -Gain Electronics Corporation SECOND COVER
RECTIFIER 1N4007 - 1 AMP - 1000 volt PRO
.13 each 10 for $1.00
EXCEPTIONAL profits installing professional -grade, silent
SPECIAL! $
Illinois Audio
Police -Calling hold -up & burglary alarms. We teach you 27 76
how -Fast. Write: Garrison Protective, B -550, 42 -55 International Electronics Unlimited
SEND FOR C.O.D. ORDERS
PHONE Colden, Flushing, New York 11351.
28 92
FREE FLYER! ACCEPTED --$10 MINIMUM

GET RICH with Secret Law that smashes debts and brings 29 James 91
All IC's new and fully tested, leads plated you $500 to $5 Million cash. Free report! Credit 4K8. 333 30 Johnson Co., E.F. 26
with gold or solder. Orders for $5.00 or more North Michigan, Chicago 60601.
are shipped prepaid, smaller orders- -add 55c. MAKE durable building plastic easily. Waterproof, fire- 31 Lafayette Radio Electronics 12
California residents add Sales Tax IC's proof, economical. Bays Laboratory, Cedaredge. Colo.
shipped within 24 hours. P.O. BOX 41727
81413.
B B T LO
ELECTROfi ICS
SACRAMENTO.
916 334 2161
CA
RUBBER STAMPS
32
33
McIntosh Laboratory, Inc
McKay Dymek Co
77
78
34 MITS 1
35 Mallory & Co., Inc., P.R. 2

RUBBER address stamps. Free catalog. 45 type styles. 36 Midland International Communications
Jackson's, Box 443G, Franklin Park, Ill. 60131. Division FOURTH COVER
BOOKS AND MAGAZINES NRI Schools 8, 9, 10, 11
37 National Camera 76
FREE catalog aviation /electronic /space books. Aero National Technical Schools 40, 41, 42, 43
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Publishers, 329PE Aviation Road, Fallbrook, California 38 New -Tone Electronics 98
92028.
ELECTRONICS /AVIONICS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUN-
FREE book prophet Elijah coming before Christ. Wonderful 39 Pace Communications 77
ITIES. Report on jobs now open. Details FREE. Aviation
Employment Information Service, Box 240E, Northport, bible evidence. Megiddo Mission, Dept. 64, 481 Thurston 40 Poly Paks 95
New York 11768. Rd., Rochester, N.Y. 14619. 41 Processor Technology Co 71
REAL ESTATE HYPNOTISM 42 Radio Shack 15

43 Royce Electronics Corporation 7
SLEEP learning. Hypnotic method. 92% effective. Details
BIG...NEW...FREE...FALL CATALOG! Over 2,600 top free. ASR Foundation, Box 23429EG. Fort Lauderdale,
values coast to coast! UNITED FARM AGENCY, 612 -EP, 44 SAE, Inc 82
Florida 33307.
West 47th St., Kansas City, Mo. 64112. 52 Sansui Electronics Corp 87
FREE Hypnotism. Self- Hypnosis. Sleep Learning Catalog! 45 Scelbi Computer Consulting, Inc 86
Drawer H400, Ruidoso, New Mexico 88345.
46 Solid State Sales 90
RECORDS AMAZING self- hypnosis record releases fantastic mental 47 Solid State Systems, Inc 99
power. Instant results! Free trial. Write: Forum (AAB), 333
OLDIES. 45rpm. Free Catalog. Corny's Record Shop, Box 48 Southwest Technical Products Corporation 85
North Michigan, Chicago 60601.
166TL, Mason, Ohio 45040. 49 Stanton Magnetics THIRD COVER
50 Stereo Discounters 71
FREE RECORD COLLECTION Reviewers wanted. Anyone
MISCELLANEOUS
qualifies. We ship you new records to review. You pay
postage. Records are free. Applicants accepted "first 51 Tri -Star Corporation 80
come" basis. Write: Research PE, 6162 Washington Circle, WINEMAKERS: Free illustrated catalog yeasts, equipment.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53213. Semplex, Box 12276P, Minneapolis, Minn. 55412. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 89, 90, 92, 96, 98, 100
C -MOS y, WAVEFORM GENERATOR DISPLAYS
LEDs
1-9 10 up DUAL 0 .125" dia.
40004E .26 .25 XR205K KIT Only 825.00 OPCOA
4001AE .26 .25 Here's a highly versatile lab in
LOW NOISE SLA1 Red 2.25 209 Red $25
EP 9125
40024E .26 .25 strument at a fraction of the cost OP AMP SLA11 Green 3.60
9 -DIGIT DISPLAY
209 Yellow .35
4004A E 5.83 5.82 of conventional unit. Kit includes LM331N: SLA21 Yellow 3.60 209 Green .35
40064E 1.35 1.34 two XR205 IC's, data & applica- Vip = 6mV SLAT Red 1.60 $7.90
4007AE .26 .25 tions, PC board (etched & drilled, lie = 1000 nA LITRONIX 1/8" character height .160" dia.
40084E 1.79 1.78 ready for assembly) and detailed lb= 2000 nA DL80 Red 6.00 ompact, thin PC 216 Red .25
40094E .60 .59 instructions. Noise = 1.5d13 13L81 Red 6.00 c package 216 Yellow .30
4010AE .59 .58 $2.20 DL10 Red 6.00 wide viewing angle 216 Green .30
40114E .26 .25 DL OA Red 4.00
40124E .26 DL101 Red 4.90 .200 dia.
4013AE :ái :á6 7400N TTL DL57 Red 9.90 OPTOISOLATORS 220 Red .25
40144E 1.49 1.48
7400N 7444N $1.05 7496N $.85 74161N 1.28 DL61 Red 12.00 220 Yellow .30
4015AE 1.26 1.25 $.14 DL33 Red 4.00 MONSANTO 220 Green .30
7401N .17 7445N .93 74100N 1.30 74162N 1.50 MCT2 1.35
40164E .56 .55 74163N 1.48 DL44 Red 6.00
4017AE 1.20 1.19 7402N .14 7446N 1.10 74104N 1.25
OL402 Red 4.00 LITRONIX LOW PROFILE
7403N .17 7447N .88 74105N .45 74164N 1.22
40184E 1.49 1.48 74107N .40 74165N 1.78 DL701 Red 3.40 L1 1.30 226 Red $.25
40194E .52 .51 7404N .20 7448N 1.00 2.25 1.40 226 Yellow .30
7405N .20 7450N .15 74109N .75 74166N 1.50 DL704 Red L12
40204E 1.49 1.48
7406N .30 7451N .20 74110N .72 74170N 2.60 DL707 Red 2.35 L16 1.80 226 Green .30
4021AE 1.34 1.33 DL747 Red 2.50 L74 1.35 226 Orange .30
7407N .30 7463N .20 74111N .92 74173N 1.55
4022AE
40234E
1.11 1.10
.26 .25 7408N .18 7464N .26 74114N .92 74174N 1.20 0©O -: XCITON
)(A N72 Red 2.00
LD74 1.75
LQ74 3.40 5063 Red .35
4024A E .90 .89 7409N
7410N
.22
.18
7455N
7460N
.37
.25
74115N .92
74118N 1.51
74175N
74176N
1.60
1.30 O0© XAN52 Green 2.00 5053 Yellow .40
40254E .26 .25
0©0 5053 Green .40
40264E
40274E
4028A E
3.72 3.70
.60 .59
.98 .97
7411N
7412N
7413N
7414N
.27
.52
.65
1.80
7462N
7464N
7465N
7470N
.37
.37
.37
.30
74121N
74122N
74123N
74125N
.37
.37
.90
.48
74177N
74180N
74181N
74182N
1.50
.73
3.20
.75
O _
74LS
74LSOO
74LSO1
.58
.58
74LS76 .92
74LS78 .92
9300 SERIES
9300PC
9301PC
1.00
1.20
5053 Orange .40
216 - MV5024
4029A E 1.27 1.26
7415N .37 7471N .49 74126N .64 74184N 2.90 74LS02 .58 9304PC 1.50 5053 = MV5053
40304E .44 .43 74LS107 .92
7416N .22 7472N .32 74128N .94 74185N 2.29 CALCULATORS 74LSO3 .58 74LS109 .92 9306PC 6.90 iI
4033A E 3.51 3.00
7417N .34 7473N .38 74132N 1.74 74188N 4.90 MV50 Rad $.30
4035A E 74LSO4 .63 74LS112 .92 9308PC 2.50
4040A E
1.27 1.26
1.49 1.48 7420N .17 7474N .33 74136N .92 74190N 1.49 (Limited Oty.) 74LSO5 .63 74LS113 .92 9309PC 1.60
7421N .60 7475N .60 74140N 2.50 74191N 1.20 74LS08 .58 74LS114 .92 9310PC 1.50
4041ÁE 4.06 4.05
7422N .27 7476N .33 74141N 1.19 74192N 1.40 $19.00 74LS09 .58 74LS138 2.38 9311PC 2.30
4042AE
4043A E
.75 .74
.60 .59 7423N .48 7478N .55 74145N 1.08 74193N 1.00 74LSIO .58 74LS139 2.38 9312PC 1.20 1 -AMP RECTIFIERS
7425N .34 7480N .60 74147N 2.35 74194N 1.35 74LS11 .58 74LS151 2.10 9314PC 1.30
4044A E .60 .59 74148N 2.20 74195N 10 100 1000
4047A E3.54 3.53 7426N
7427N
.25
.31
7481N 1.19
7482N .90 74150N .99 74196N
.80
1.90
1024 -BIT 741_515
74LS20
.58 741_5153 2.38 9316PC
9318PC
1.50
2.30
1N4001 1.00 7.00 60.00
40484E .58 74LS157 2.10 1N4002 1.10 8.00 70.00
40494E
1.43 1.42
.52 .51 7428N .52 7483N .65 74151N .75 74197N .80 N- Channel 74LS21 .58 74LS158 2.40 9321PC 1.20 1514003 1.20 9.00 80.00
7430N .20 7484N 3.02 74152N 1.50 74198N 2.00 74LS22 .58 74LS160 2.70 9322PC 1.30
4050AE .52 .51
7432N .25 7485N 2.50 74153N 1.05 74199N 2.09 RAM 74LS27 .64 74LS161 2.70 9324PC 2.00
1 N 4004 1.30 10.00 90.00
40514E 1.34 1.33 7433N .62 7486N .36 74154N 1.48 74200N 5.90 1N4005 1.40 11.00 100.00
4052A E1.34 1.33 2601-1 11.40 74LS3O .58 74LS170 5.92 9328PC 2.50 1N4006 1.50 12.00 110.00
7437N .36 7489N 2.40 74155N 1.08 74221N 1.75 2601-21 11.40 74LS32 .64 74LS174 3.02 9334PC 2.95
40534E 1.34 1.33
7438N .35 7490N .54 74156N 1.18 74251N 1.75 1 N4007 1.60 13.00 120.00
4055AE 2.68 2.58 26028 8.00 74LS38 .65 74LS175 2.90 9338PC 3.30
7439N .39 7491N 1.00 74157N 1.18 74278N 2.95 2602-1B 8.00 74LS51 .58 74LS181 3.72 9340PC 5.00
40564E 3.43 3.39 7440N .16 7492N .60 74158N 1.44 74279N .99 2602-2B 8.00 74LS54 .58 74LS251 2.55 9341PC 4.10 PHASE- LOCKED
4060AE 1.50 1.49
4066AE .90 .89 7441N .95 7493N .60 74160N 1.50 74293N .95
74298N 2.24
MK4102P 11.40 74LS55 .58 74LS253 3.05 9342PC 1.15 LOOPS
.78 .68 7442N .69 7494N 1.20 7552-1CPE 8.00 74LS73 .92 74LS260 .58 9360PC 1.75
4069AE 7443N .95 7495N .80 LM567CM Mini -dip .80
4071AE .26 .25 7552-2CPE 8.00 74LS74 .92 9366PC 1.76
40764E 1.68 1.48
4081AE .26 .25
4508AE 2.30 2.20 DECODED INTERFACE MODULES
4510AE
45164E
45184E
1.98 1.78
2.30
3.28
2.20
2.98
READ/WRITE PREMIUM OUALIITS COMPONENTS CY1010 Instr. Amp., Bipolar Input 29.00
CY1011A Instr. Amp., Bipolar Input 49.00
4520AE 1.88 1.68 We've been buying and selling top quality components for nearly CY1020 Instr. Amp., FET Input 34.00
45284E 2.30 2.20 P1 R s$e.2o ten years. Our annual volume exceeds $3 million. CY1021 Instr. Amp., FET Input 49.00
49014E .43 .36 CY1021A Instr. Amp.. FET Input 59.00
4911AE .43 .36 We handle only original parts, from the world's CY2137 DAC, 10 Bit, Low Drift 39.00
74S158N 2.40 DAC, 12 Bit, 2 Quad Multiplying 149.00
SCHOTTKY TTL 74S160N 4.70 leading manufacturers and our customers include CY2218
1.30 74S161N 4.70 CY2237 DAC, 12 Bit, Low Drift 69.00
74SOON .45 74S74N some of the largest and most quality -conscious DAC. 4 Digit BCD. Low Cost 79.00
74S85N 6.10 745174N 3.30 CY2735
74002N .80 CY3035 ADC, 8 Bit, Sect. Counting,
74003N .75 74886N 2.70 745175N 3.30 companies. Now you can take advantage of our Low Cost 89.00
74SO4N .75 748112N 2.20 740181N10.20 component buying skills and power and select CY3635 ADC, 3 Digit BCD, Sect. Count,
74SO8N .80 740113N 1.50 74S189N 5.10 Low Cost 119.00
74510N .75 74S132N 3.60 745194N 3.30 from a broad range of advanced circuits.
74S11N .65 74S133N .90 745195N 3.30
74S20N .80 74S138N 2.40 74S251N 2.40
74S30N .80 74S139N 2.40 745253N 2.40 LINEAR Ks
74S32N .80 74S140N .90 74S257N 2.40 AUDIO AMPS IC SOCKETS H=TO5 N=DIP M=MINI-DIP D-CER-DIP KTO3
74540 .80 746151N 2.40 74S258N 2.40
74051N .80 748153N 2.40 Type
743260N .90 V W S2 Price SOLDER - TIN LM114H 3.00 LM311 H 1.70 LM711CN .90
74S64N .80 740157N 2.40 746280N 5.70
LM352 6-16 1.15 8 1.60 8 pin DIL .19 LM300H 1.20 LM311D 1.90 LM715CH 4.30
LM354A 6-27 2.80 8 2.50 14 pin DIL .23 75107 LM300N 1.20 LM311M 1.75 LM715CD 4.60
TAA61 B 12 6-15 1.16 8 1.60 16 pin DIL .25 LM311 N 2.00 LM723CH .90
LOW POWER 1
TAA621Al2 6-27 1.40 8 2.00 75107BN 2.60 LM301AH .90

LM312H 2.70 LM723CN .75
HIGH SPEED TTL TB4641811
24 pin DI L .53 7516N 2.30 LM301AM .80
LM725CH 5.00
74HOON .34 74H53N .36
6-18 2.20 4 3.00 28 pin DIL 1.10 75109N 2.20 LM301AN 1.10 LM318H 2.60
TBA800 5-30 4.70 8 2.20 36 pin DIL 1.70 LM3O1M .90 LM324N 1.90 LM725CD 5.20
74LOON .34 74H01N .25 74H54N .36 75110N 2.20 LM733CH 1.40
74H55N .36 TBA810AS 4-20 2.50 4 3.00 40 pin DIL 1.90 75115N 2.25 LM301H .90 LM331N 2.20
74L02N .34 74H02N .30 TBA820 3-16 0.75 4 1.70 LM339N 3.20 LM733CD 3.50
74L03N .39 74H04N .38 74H60N .36 WIRE WRAP -GOLD 75138N 2.95 LM302D 3.50 1.30
TCA830 5-20 2.00 4 2.20 14 pin DIL .38 LM302N 1.30 LM320-5K 2.90 LM733CN
74L04N .39 74H05N .37 74H61N .36 75150N 3.10 LM741CH .45
74H08N .40 74H62N .36 TCA940 6-24 6.50 8 4.40 16 pin DIL .41 75154N 4.10 LM302H 1.50 LM 320-5T 2.50
74L10N ,34 SOLDER - GOLD LM304H 1.50 LM320-12K 2.90 LM741CD 1.25
74L20N ,39 741-I10N .36 74H71N .80 75208N 2.70 LM741CM .44
74H11N .36 74H72N .74 14 pin DI .35 75234N 2.50 LM305H 1.05 LM320-12T 2.50
74L42N 1.62 16 pin DIL .40 LM305AH 1.06 LM340-06K 2.60 LM741CN .70
74L51N .34 74H2ON .36 74H73N .90 Ì 75450N 1.25 LM747CH 1.70
74H21N .36 74H74N .87 TEFLON 75451N 1.00 LM305N 1.00 LM340-06K 2.60
74L73N .74
74L74N .89
74L9oN 1.62
74H22N .36
74H3ON .36
74H76N .90
74H101N .80
YZ524V 3 pin TO -5
4 pin TO -5
.55
.65
75452N
75453N
1.00
1.00
LM306H
LM3O7H
.95
.75
LM34408K 2.60 LM747CN
LM340-12K 2.60 LM747CD
LM748CM
.90
2.50
.55
74L93N 1.74 74H40N .36 74H102N .80 Recirculating 512 Bit 6 pin TO -5 .90 7520 SERIES LM307N
.95 LM34O15K 2.60
74H50N .36 74H103N 1.10 8 pin TO -5 1.10 1.50 LM340-18K 2.60 LM748CN .55
74L95N 1.62
74H51N .36 74H106N .95
Dynamic Shift Register 10 pin TO -5 1.40 L 308AH 1.20 LM340-24K 2.60 LM377CH 2.15
93L00 1.50
74H522NN .36 -24: $3.40 25 up: $3.30 SENSE AMPS LM308M H 5.00 LM555CM .90 LM777CM 2.10
93L01 1.60 1
4.00 LM3080 2.00 LM556CN 1.30 LM3046CN .95
93L08 3.20 t. -I FM STEREO 621N 2.00 LM308M 1.20 LM709CH .45 LM3054CN 1.50
93L09 1.80 LM309H 1.75 LM709CN .45 SG4501T 2.20
93L10 2.80 MEMORY DEMODULATOR 7523N 4.25 1.75 LM309K 1.95 LM710CH .90 SG4501N 2.20
93L 11 4.20 C3101 6.50 MOS-LSI XR1310 $3.20 7524N 2.00 LM310H 1.60 LM710CN .90 LM5000K 7.50
93L12 1.80 P3101 4.90 P1101Á 6.90 C2102-1 8.00 4035 4.95 7525N 4.50 LM31OM 1.80 LM711 C H .90
93L14 1.70
C3101Á 7.30 P1101Á1 8.50 P2102-1 5.40 4102 4.95
93L16 3.20 P3101A 5.80 1402AN 5.40 C2102-2 8.00 7552 4.95 MM K POWER REGULATORS
93L18 3.50 IM5501CDE 7.30 5.40 MM404H 12.00
93L21 1.50 1403ÁH 8.00 P2102-2 5.50 7552-1
5V, 60OmA 2.40
IM55O1CPE 5.80 1403AN 5.40 2505K 3.30 7552-2 5.50 MM405H 23.00 LM335K:
93L22 1.80
MM5560D 7.30 1404A H 8.00 2512K 5.50 8102 4.90 MM406H 6.50 HYBRID LM336K: 12V, 500mA 2.90
93L24 2.80
93L28 3.70 MM5560N 5.80 1404AN 5.40 2521V 4.00 8102-2 5.10 MM407H 6.50 power LM337K: 15V, 450mA 2.90
DM8599N 5.80 1405A 4.10 2524V 3.40 9102PC 5.50 MM451H 11.40
93L34 4.00 93403PC 5.80 1506 4.00 2525V 5.30 MM5025N20.00 MM454F 18.00 AMPLIFIERS COM2601
93L38 4.20 MM5026N20.00 MM500H 2.00
93L40 6.50 1507 4.00 2533V 8.50 51 -1010G 10W $6.90
93L41 6.50 1602 33.130 2602 4.95 MM5027N20.00 MM506H 3.20 SI -1020G 20W 9.90 USRT
93L60 3.00 33.00 2602-1 5.40 MM5055N 5.50 MM507H 3.20 SI -10300 30W 18.70
93L66 2.70 TWO -PHASE C720202 8.00 2602-2 6.50 MM5056N 5.50 MM550H 5.90 SI -1050G 50W 25.90 UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS
MOS CLOCK P2102 4.95 3341PC 8.20 MM5057N 5.50 MM551H 5.60 RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER
4034 5.50 MM5058N 5.50 MM555H 5.60 POWER
DRIVER from Standard Microsystems
COMPUTER MH0026CN $5.50 XR-215 PHASE. TRANSISTORS STR, BSC, bi -sync and interleaved bi -sync modes
INTERSIL 8038 LOCKED LOOP BU204 3A 1300v $4.14 of operation fully programmable full or half
INTERFACE BU205 3A 1500V 4.95 fully double buffered directly
PRECISION WAVEFORM For FM or FSK demodulation, 3A 1700V 5.94
duplex operation
DM8820N 2.40 freq. synthesis and tracking fil- BU206 TTL compatible high speed operation low power
DM8820AN 6.90 GENERATOR & VCO ter applications. 5 to 26V from BU207 6A 1300V 5.85 PRICE: 1 -9 10 up
DM8830N 2.40 For simultaneous sine, square 0.5Hz to 35MHz. Accepts ana- BU208 6A 1600V 6.93 $30.00 $24.00
DM8831 N 5.20 and triangular weveforms<..001 log signals 300mV to 3V. In- BU209 6A 1700V 8.64
DM8832N 6.00 He to 1MHz. terfaces with DT L, TTL & ECL
N8T26B 4.40 41- Part No. 1 -9 Rap 1.24 25up
9600PC 1.30 A PORTABLE 8038CCPD $4.50 $3.70 576:0(T $12.50
COM2502
9601PC 1.20 4'h DIGIT TF1(1T1iFT11111Tii: UART
9602PC 2.10 MINIMUM ORDER: $10.00
9614PC 2.30 MULTIMETER
9615PC 2.40 FOR $299. Add $1.00 to cover postage and handling UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS
9616DC 5.00 A 10 MHZ SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER (NO C.O.D.) TO: RECEIVER /TRANSMITTER
9617PC 3.50 COUNTER OPTION
9620PC 4.00 FOR $50.
California residents add 6% salas tex. from Standard Microsystems
9621PC 4.00 Direct TTL compatibility full or half duplex op-
eration fully doubla buffered fully program-
PULSE
GENERATOR
Interdasign 1101: 0.1Hz 2MH z.
0 5V Output, var width line
ANCRONA P.O. BOX 2208P, Culver City, CA 90230
mable high speed operation
PRICE: 1 -9
$13.20
tri -state outputs
10 up
$10.60
SPECIFICATION SHEETS: $.25
banery operatlon. yr ea.

AUGUST 1975
4/ WHEN YOU COME TO PHILADELPHIA BE SURE 10 SEE
FREE BICENTENNIAL LIGHT SHOW

`
IN THE WORLD IN BARRINGTON. N ONLY 10 MINUTES AWAY AT
EDMUND FACTORY STORE

MORROW ...TODAY! 3- CHANNEL COLOR ORGAN KIT
REE 180 PAGE CATALOG is packed with Easy to build low -cost kit needs no
ence items
if
-
and unusual values in electronic, hobby
plus 4,500 finds for fun, study
... for every member of the family.
technical knowledge. Completed unit
has 3 bands of audio frequencies to mod-
ulate 3 independent strings of colored lamps
(i.e. "lows" -reds, "middles " -greens, "highs" -
blues. Just connect hi -fi, radio, power
A BETTER LIFE lamp etc. & plug ea. lamp string into
own channel (max. 300w ea.). Kit features 3 neon indicators, color intensity
STARTS HERE controls, controlled individ SCR circuits; isolation transformer: custom plastic
housing; instr.
Stock No. 41,831AV $18.95 Ppd
TOTAL KIRLIAN AM RADIO FITS

PHOTOGRAPHY SET IN /ON YOUR EAR!
Explore "aura" photography w/ superb new Wear it inconspicuously everywhere, listen as
you work (lawn, yard, office), watch (game,
search Unit. Terrific value -
self-contained Kirlian Electrophotography Re-
introduced at
$99.95 ($140 in Sept.)! Has everything but
beach) or wait. Instant music, news, sports. No
gimmick -6/10 oz. technological wonder
vinyl photo changing bag. Ideal for color or w /integrated circuit, 11 transistors, patented
b &w 35mm, sheet or Polaroid film for photos ferrite antenna /tuner /volume dial. Works best
up to 5x7" all without camera or lens. Variable voltage 12v to 32kv. Ultimate outdoors. Uses hearing aid batt. (incl)-up to 100
safety design -fully encased in plastic; patented electronics. Instrs. hrs. playing. New batt. to slip in avail. at drug stores (about 50v). No lengthy wires,
No. 72,104AV ...
(3x57/9,,77/9") $99.95 Ppd. bulky cases, or power -packed!
No. 42,240AV ...
(CHANGING BAG) $ 6.50 Ppd. Stock No. 42,275AV $14.95 Ppd.
ELECTRONIC DIGITAL KNOW YOUR ALPHA FROM THETA!

STOPWATCH: $69.95 For greater relaxation, concentration, listen to
your Alpha -Theta brainwaves, Ultra- sensitive
Aprice breakthrough! New pocket size 4 oz. electrode headband slips on/off in seconds -
eliminates need for messy creams, etc. Atch'd
timer acc. to -±2% of last digit (1 /100 sec. in- to amplifier, filters brainwaves, signals beep for
crements). Compares with others twice the r ea. Alpha or Theta wave passed. Monitoring
price! Instant error -free readouts to 9999.99 button stimulates Alpha sound; audio & visual
sec. (over 23/4 hr). Starts, stops re- starts (ac- (L.E.D.) feedback. Reliable, easy-to -use unit comparable to costlier models. Com-
cumulates). Mechanical pushbutton & electrical remote on /offs w /any 3.5- 150, pletely safe. Comprehensive instruction booklet.
AC'DC source. Plug -in jack. Incls. 9v batt. Solid state. No. 1635AV (8 x3 x4"; ; 24 oz.) $134.50 Ppd.
DELUXE "ON" TIME MONITOR- Measures and records °/, LOW COST "STARTER" UNIT
No. 1943 AV (2t/ox41/4x7/9 ") $69.95 Ppd. No. 1652AV (15 x 10 x 6 ") $349.50 Ppd.
DELUXE 2 EVENT STOPWATCH ( -0.01 k OF LAST DIGIT)
No. 71809AV $55.00 Ppd.
No. 1653 AV (PRICE UP IN SEPT I) $120.00 Ppd.
DO- IT- YOURSELF KIT No. 61,069AV $34.95 Ppd.
QUALITY DETECTOR
FUEL MISER RECLAIMS HEAT UNDER $40
Save your 40% wasted heat to warm a basement,
garage or rec room at no extra cost! Instead of
New Edmund -developed, fully transistorized
BFO unit capable of locating quarter at 18"
powerful 6- trans. oscillator -amplifier circuit.
-
Easily compares to others priced 50% higher!
going "up the chimney" it goes where you want it. Aluminum pole and housing-not plastic! 6"
Remove part of furnace exhaust pipe, slip Heat waterproof search coil (Faraday shielded to
Exchanger in. At 125" fan automat. forces elim. outside interference); long 50-hr. battery
clean air through unit which heats to over 200°F., can be ducted to 20 ft. from unit. (9V) life; powerful 2" speaker; 1 -knob on-off tune control. Perfect balance;
110v AC. Inst. lightweight (2 lbs.). Great buy!
Stock No. 80,222AV $39.95 Ppd.
No. 19,194AV (5" DIA.) Shpg. 17 Ib. $99.00 FOB
DELUXE UNIT W /EAR PHONES, METER
No. 19,195AV (6" DIA.) Shpg. 17 Ib. $99.00 FOB No. 80,134AV ....
(11" coil) $169.00 Ppd.
No, 19,198AV (7" DIA.) Shpg. 17 Ib. $99.00 FOB
41/4" ASTRONOMICAL
LOW COST 7X TELESCOPE
INFRA -RED VIEWER See moon craters, rings of Saturn, double stars.
New equatorial mount. f /10, 1/4 wave mirror
For infra -red crime detection surveillance, se-
"1. Gives theoretical limit of resolution.
(Pyrex
curity system alignment, I.R. detection, laser Rack & pinion focusing. Aluminum tube, 6X
checking, nite wildlife study, any work req. I.R. finder. 1" F.L. 45X Kellner achromatic eyepiece
detection & cony. to visible spectrum. Self cont. and Barlow lens to double & triple power up to
scope w /everything incl I.R. light source. 135X. Free Star Chart plus 2 Books.
6v or 12v power, 6032 I.R. converter tube, f/4.5 objective lens, adjust. triplet
eyepiece. Focuses from 10' to infinity. Stock No. 85,105AV (Shipping Wt. 42 lbs.) $149.50 FOB
$275.00 Ppd. 41/4' WITH CLOCK DRIVE No. 85,107AV $189.50 FOB
No. 1659AV (11 041/4x3")
6" REFLECTOR TELESCOPE (48X to 360X) No. 85,187AV $249.50 FOB
WITHOUT LIGHT SOURCE 6' WITH CLOCK DRIVE No. 85,086AV $285.00 FOB
No. 1648AV $225.00 Ppd. 3 DELUXE REFLECTOR (30X to 90X) No. 80,162AV $ 79.95 Ppd.
STANDARD 3" REFLECTOR No. 85,240AV $ 49.95 Ppd.
MAIL COUPON FOR

GIANT FREE EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO. 300 Edscorp Building, Barrington, N.1.08007
CATALOG! PLEASE SEND GIANT

How Many Stock No. Description Price Each Total
180 PAGES MORE THAN FREE CATALOG "AV"
4500 BARGAINS
Completely new 1975 edlnon. New items, categories illustrations. Dozen{
of electrical and electromagnetic
tic parts, cce sor s. tnormous selection of
Charge my BankAmericard
El Charge my Master Charge Add Handling Chg. $1.00, Orders Under
$5.00, 50g, Orders Over $5.00
Astronomical Telescopes. Unique lighting and ecological items. Mi-
croscopes, Binoculars, Magnifiers, Magnets, Lenses, Prisms. Hord- to -get- Interbank No. j
MIS!!! Chirp!
surplus bargains. Ingenious scientific tools. 1000's of components. NaRAYIRIGRO
enclose check money order for TOTAL 5
NEES
I
I
II
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO. My Card No. Is I 1
300 Fescue Building. Barrington, N. 08001

Please rush Free Giant Catalog "AV"
J.
Carl'. Expiration Dale

11111 Signature
Name,
30 -DAY MONEY -BACK GUARANTEE. Name
Address You must be satisfied or return Address
city
State Ztp
any purchase in 30 days for full
refund. "$15.00 minimum City
State Zip
J
Creation of the new Calibration Standard
filkd a need... the accEptancE of
Stanton's 681 TRIPLE -E is unprecEdEntEd!
It was no accident! at all frequencies. It achieves perfectly flat frequency
The Recording Industry needed a new calibration response beyond 20 kHz. As ultra miniaturized stylus
standard because it had been cutting discs with higher assembly has substantially Is
mass than previously,
accuracy to achieve greater definition and sound quality. yet it possesses even greater durability than had been
So, the engineers turned to Stanton for a cartridge previously thought possible to achieve.
of excellence to serve as a primary calibration standard Each 681 TRIPLE -E its guaranteed to meet its speci-
in recording system check -outs. fications within exacting limits and each one boasts the
The result: the new calibration standard, The Stanton most meaningful warranty possible. An individually cali-
681 TRIPLE -E. brated test result is packed with each unit.
The rest is history! As Julian D. Hirsch of Hirsch -Houck Labs wrote in
Major recording studios adopted it ... as did many Popular Electronics Magazine in April, 1975: "When we
of the smaller producers. Radio stations across the world used the cartridge to play the best records we had
put the 681 TRIPLE -E on all of their turntables, boch for through the best speaker systems at our disposal, the
on -the -air broadcasting and for disc -to -tape transfer. results were spectacular ".
And, audiophiles by their purchases have voted it Whether your usage involves recording, broadcasting,
the oustanding stereo cartridge available. or home entertainment, your choice should be the choice
The Stanton 681 TRIPLE -E offers improved tracking of the professionals ...
the STANTON 681 TRIPLE-E. srarrnon
Write today for further information to Stanton Magnetics, Terminal Drive, Plainview, New York 11803
CINCLE NO. 41 OW READER SERVICE CARD
c6: Whath stopping your
For less than 50 bucks, you can be into serious Citizens Band radio. Not in big, maybe, but in.
Because the great thing about Midland CB is that'you can get into it, go as pro as you want,
and still be assured of the same unquestioned quality and reliability that you'd expect from a
company consistently ranking among the top CB names in the world. You've come to cemand
quality in electronics. Demand it in Citizens Band radio as well.
ID
Whatever you want, whenever you're ready, Midland has it in CB. Specifically: 18 professional
walkie- talkies, 14 base and mobile transceivers, plus more than 40 helpful CB accessories.
So, if you've even thought about getting into CB within the last year, your best bet is to
start by checking out what Midland has to offer.
Ask for your FREE 1975 Midland CB brochure. Simply contact your nearest Midland CB dealer
or write to Midland Communications Division, Dept. A, Post Office Box 19032, Kansas City,
Missouri, 64141, Or circle the number below on the Reader Service Card.
NTE R NATI ONAL

I
Communications Division
Communications is Our Middle Name: In CB, Amateur, Scanners, Marine, IntercoTS.

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ELECTRONIC CROSSOVER NETWORKS FOR HI-FI

BUILD A GIANT -SIZE DIGITAL TIMER- SCOREBOARD

LAB TEST REPORTS

1y -Gain Electronics Corporation: 8601 Northeast

Limit, one per customer.

Altair 8800 Computer Kit

Your choice of Interface Boards (kit)

Input Output Devices. The Comter II Computer Terminal has

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY

Serial RS232 Serial TTY

Altair 8800 Kit Assembled Options (list on separate sheet)

MALLORY DISTRIBUTOR PRODUCTS COMPANY

Popular Electronics WORLD'S LARGEST SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE

PRODUCT TEST REPORTS

ALEXANDER W. BURAWA NO FROWNS IN DISTRIBUTOR LAND

The publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary

PRODUCT OF DYNASCAN CORPORATION

CIRCLE NO 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD

LLW1JCTI CB'ers and SWL's. One needs only a min-

which use in Scouting, boating, and

JAN STIGELL in certain professional applications (as

DANIEL J. NETTO be removed. Also, the IC's are sensitive to

*ATTRACTIVELY PACKAGED ON 3 -COLOR CARDS.

See the complete line of Mobile and Base Antennas

Royce electronics corporation

CIRCLE ND. 43 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Learn computer design, construction, main-

NRI prepares you for a

can train you at home

reliability New Products color-coded scale. Devices can be tested in

tape the manufacturers. Either circle the item's

HIGH -VOLTAGE /CURRENT MEASURING PROBE

Lafayette AUDIOANALYST "TOWER OF SOUND"

CIRCLE NO 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD

AS FASTAS YOU ThINK!

PROTO BOARD 203

trols, a dual tape system for uninterrupted Order today!

mixes the signal from any program source

AUDIO SWEEP GENERATOR /FREQ. METER

Foreign orders add 15 %. Box 1942, New Haven, CT 06509 203/624-3103

above one of four symbols -

pads for 250 tests (Cat. No. 72,092) are

ELECTROSTATIC SPEAKER BROCHURE

An Electrostatic Research brochure de-

FREE New 1976

Scans up to 16 crystal -controlled channels, in any combnatior, on

Stereo Scene simple servo -controlled capstan mo-

went there to get a feel for the viability

couraged. Many of the experts foresee

Designing the Sinclair Scientific Kit Components

Fig. 1. A typical musical (analog) waveformu. The

one 8. Each of the digits in 1001 is

zero in on trouble spots

Division of ORION INDUSTRIES, INC.

23 22 21 2° 10 new models accommodate

that exceed the range of our number

New 21/2 -digit Heathkit DMM -only $79.95

Messenger 130 and 132

write for free catalog

E.F. Johnson Co.

CIRCLE NO 30 ON READER SERVICE CARD

A DIGITAL TIMER SCOREBOARD

CONTROL S5 TIME /SCORE T I I I I I 1 I I