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01 CN65301EN86GLA0 System Architecture
01 CN65301EN86GLA0 System Architecture
0 System Architecture
Content
One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 About that document 4
1.2 General 5
1.3 Products and Systems 9
2 One-NDS Functionality 11
2.1 Functional Components of One-NDS 12
3 One-NDS - An X.500-Based Directory 17
3.1 General 18
3.2 The Directory 20
3.3 Distribution of data 22
3.4 Directory Service 24
3.5 In-memory database 26
3.6 Summary 28
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
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1 Introduction
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1.2 General
One Network Directory Server (One-NDS) is a subscriber data management solution
that unifies subscriber data by storing it in a single centralized repository and enables
applications to share the data for a common, consistent view. The solution is suitable
for deployment in either fixed or mobile networks. One-NDS has identical functionality
and components for all possible applications, including different types of application
servers such as Home Location Register (HLR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS),
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA), Equipment Identity Register
(EIR), Mobile Number Portability (MNP) server, and others. To provide high
performance that is suitable for telecommunications environments, One-NDS uses
entirely in-memory data storage and is optimized for high transactional throughput
and low directory latency.
One-NDS stores subscriber, service, network, and application configuration data.
Subscription and service data located within the directory is made available to
mobile, fixed, or converged network operators so that they can query the data and
update all applications in a controlled and secure manner. The separation of
subscriber data from the application server, the provisioning of an open external
interface to this data, and the extensibility of the data model lead to rapid
development of innovative services, easier application integration, and significantly
improved resilience and scalability.
Data provisioning defines the management of subscriber-specific data within the
network. To manage subscriber data, the SPML/SOAP/HTTP interface of One-NDS
can be integrated into any operator management system or operator Web portal to
allow operators access to selected subscriber data, such as user IDs and service
parameters.
In addition to read/write access to subscriber data, this interface also provides access
to the HTTP digest password, thus enabling the Web portal to authenticate the
subscriber.
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
Network Layer
Service Layer
(dataless)
HLR HSS EIR
Data Layer
One-NDS
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
EIR
The equipment identity register keeps a list of mobile phones (identified by their IMEI)
that are to be monitored or banned from the network. This is designed to track stolen
mobile phones. In theory, all data about stolen mobile phones should be distributed
to all EIRs in the world through a Central EIR. The EIR data does not have to change
in real time, which means that this function can be less distributed than the HLR
function.
The EIR is a database that contains information about the identity of the mobile
equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations.
PCS
Policy control is used to authorize and control the network resource usage by
subscribers. It also prevents the misuse of network quality of service (QoS), and
enables the operator to limit the resource usage. Policy control ensures that services,
for example voice over IP, video over IP, file transfer, and conferencing, can be
offered with guaranteed QoS for high quality user experience.
HSS
The Home Subscriber Service (HSS) is defined by the 3GPP standards as HLR, AuC
and IMS implementation in the network. The HSS provides the HLR functions in the
IMS Domain. This includes:
Authenticating subscribers when they register on the network.
Store subscriber details including locations and services.
Access point for subscriber details in the network
Support for the above functions in the Core network and the IMS domain (for IP
multimedia applications).
The IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) enables the support for IP multimedia
applications within the UMTS system, thus enabling PLMN operators to offer their
subscribers multimedia services based on and built upon Internet applications,
services and protocols.
It can be implemented as an extension to the HLR or as an extension to an already
existing HLR.
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MNP
Mobile number portability (MNP) is a facility that allows subscribers to retain their
number when moving location, changing carrier or changing operator. The MSC
forwards the request to the MNP if the HLR could not find it. The MNP will search for
the number and if it is for another network will add a routing prefix to the MSISDN
and forward it on to the foreign network.
SGSN
The general packet radio services (GPRS) system is used by GSM mobile phones for
transmitting IP packets.
A serving GPRS support node (SGSN) is responsible for the delivery of data packets
from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. Its tasks include
packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and location
management), logical link management, and authentication and charging functions.
MMSC
The Multimedia Messaging Service Center (MMSC) is the store and forward network
element that delivers the MMS messages from the sender to the recipient. The
MMSC concept is similar to an SMSC, that is, the server stores the message only for
the time required to find the receiving device. After the receiving device is found, the
MMSC immediately forwards the MMS message to the recipient and the message is
deleted from the MMSC. Thus, the MMSC is not a mailbox server, because it does
not store the message if the message can be delivered to the recipient device.
SMSC
An SMS center (SMSC) is responsible for handling the SMS (Short Message
Service) operations of a wireless network. When an SMS message is sent from a
mobile phone, it will reach an SMS center first. The SMS center then forwards the
SMS message towards the destination. An SMS message may need to pass through
more than one network entity (e.g. SMSC and SMS gateway) before reaching the
destination. The main duty of an SMSC is to route SMS messages and regulate the
process. If the recipient is unavailable (for example, when the mobile phone is
switched off), the SMSC will store the SMS message. It will forward the SMS
message when the recipient is available.
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One-AAA System One-EIR System One-MNP System NT HLR System NT HSS System DX HLR System
One-NDS
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
2 One-NDS Functionality
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NTF Config
or
INS
PGW-DSA
NE3S SM
Provisioning Gateway
NAC6
Provisioning
(SPML)
TIP
A trigger interface is used to notify application servers (e.g. NT HLR FE, PCS etc.)
about data changes in the One-NDS.
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Fig. 7
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
3.1 General
Directories provide a versatile way of organizing information and are highly
appropriate for modeling the typical hierarchical relationships between data objects in
the real world.
For One-NDS, a standard X.500 directory has been selected in accordance with the
International Telecommunication Union’s X.500 series of recommendations as the
preferred structure for arranging information within the directory. Storage capacity is
virtually unlimited and directory performance is not affected by increases in data
volume.
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The following terms discussed in this course are defined in ITU-T Rec. X.501:
access control
alias
attribute
attribute type
attribute value
Directory Information Tree (DIT)
Directory System Agent (DSA)
Directory User Agent (DUA)
distinguished name (DN)
entry
hierarchical group
object (of interest)
relative distinguished name (RDN)
root
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R-DSA DS DS DS DS DS
DS DS P
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applications
R-DSA
key, location DS DS DS DS DS
and configuration
information
DS DS
BE-DSA
subscriber data sync sync sync sync
DSA DSA
DS DS DS DS
sync sync
Fig. 10 Data Distribution Between Back End DSA and Routing DSA
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
The Primary mode server will nominate one of the Secondary Synchronized mode
servers to run as the Primary Standby. The Primary Standby server carries the
responsibility of taking over the Primary role if it detects a Primary server failure.
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
• primary (P)
• primary (P)
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
DSA
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
update e.g.
• modify subscriber
• Location update
replication
PS/SS DSA SS
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One-NDS 8.0 System Architecture
3.6 Summary
Directory is a database that follows the structure and features defined in the X.500
standards.
The X.500 standard defines a protocol (among others) for a client application to
access the X.500 directory, called the Directory Access Protocol (DAP).
External clients are accessing the data base via LDAP
The data are stored on directory servers (DS)
Several DS build a directory system agent (DSA)
One DS in an DSA is always primary
All other DS in a DSA are secondary synchronized.
Updates can only handled by the primary
Queries can be handled by every DS.
All data are held in the memory
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