Pandit Deendayal Energy University

School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Course Student Handout
INDEX
Name of the course: Course Code:
Mass Transfer 2 20CH301T
Program: B.Tech. Semester: 5th

Branch: Chemical Academic Year: 2020-21

Name of Course Coordinator: Dr. Manish Kumar Sinha

Subject Teachers (Division wise/Batch wise): Dr. Manish Kumar Sinha

1 Departmental Vision & Mission

2 Program educational objectives (PEOs) of Department
3 Program Outcomes (POs)
4 Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
5 Academic Calendar
6 Class Time Table with office hours
7 Course Outcomes (COs), Course Syllabus, Pre requisites for the course
8 Lesson Plan
9 Program Articulation Matrix and Course Articulation Matrix
10 Evaluation Scheme and Rubrics
11 Tutorials, Assignments, Case Studies, Quiz, Presentations etc.
12 Copy of Sessional Mid and End semester Examination Question Papers
13 Course covered beyond syllabus and self-study topics

Date:

Signature of Subject Teachers Signature of Department Signature of Head of the

Coordinator (IQAC) Department
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

VISION
To impart quality education in an industry research driven modules to motivate the young chemical
engineers for creating knowledge wealth to help generate employability following professional
ethics and focus towards a sustainable environment and benefits to the society.
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

To facilitate the chemical engineering students with the state-of-the-art facilities with
focus on skill development, creativity, innovation and enhancing leadership qualities.

To nurture creative minds thru’ mentoring, quality teaching & research for building a
value based sustainable society.

To work in unison with the national and international level academic and industrial
partners by venturing into collaborations to tackle problems of bigger interest to society.

To build an encouraging environment for the young faculties and staff by providing safe
work culture, transparency, professional ethics and accountability that will empower
them to lead the department in right spirit.

To inculcate the culture of continuous learning among the faculties by encouraging them
to participate in a professional development programs and envisage to address the social,
economic and environmental problems.
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

Program Education Objectives (PEOs)

Acquire the fundamental principles of science and chemical engineering with modern
experimental and computational skills.

Ability to handle problems of practical relevance of society while complying with economical,
environmental, ethical, and safety factors.

Demonstrate professional excellence, ethics, soft skills and leadership qualities.

Graduates will be active members ready to serve the society locally and internationally.
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and

design system components or processes that meet the specified need with appropriate
considerations for public health and safety, and the cultural, societal and environmental
considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to professional engineering practices.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental context, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical practices and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
 write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one′s own work, as a member and leader in the team, to
manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning of broadest context of technological change.
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

1. To analyse and tackle the complex and diverse engineering problems by appropriate experimentation, simulation,
data analysis and interpretation, and, provide probable solutions by applying principles of chemical engineering in
combination to the fundamental knowledge of basic sciences and mathematics.
2. Competence to incorporate socio-economic considerations in engineering practices, including the concept of
sustainable development, into chemical engineering practice.
3. An ability to work together collaboratively in multidisciplinary teams to tackle multifaceted problems and pursue
a bright career in chemical engineering and allied areas by demonstrating professional success at different platforms
within industry, governmental bodies or academia.
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
AUGUST 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 COMMENCEMENT OF ODD SEMESTER;: Aug. 2
2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
4 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
5 SEP. 30 31 1 2 3 4 5
6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 FIRST FEEDBACK SESSION
7 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 FIRST IA
8 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
9 OCT. 27 28 29 30 1 2 3
10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
12 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
13 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SECOND IA
14 NOV. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DIWALI BREAK : Nov.1-Nov.5
15 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
17 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 SECOND FEEDBACK SESSION
END OF ODD SEMESTER : Nov.26
18 DEC. 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 FOET Practical Exams : Nov.29 Onwards
FOLS Sem. End Examination : Nov. 30 Onwards
19 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 FOET Sem. End Examination : Dec.6 Onwards
20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
22 JAN. 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 WINTER BREAK: Dec.27-31
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 COMMENCEMENT OF EVEN SEMESTER: Jan.3
Office Hour is Monday 5.00 PM to 6.00 PM
School of Technology
5 BTech Chemical Engg
9:00 to 10:00 to 11:00 to 12:00 to 1:00 2:00 to 3:00 to 4:00 5:00
9:55 10:55 11:55 12:55 to 2:55 3:55 to to
1:55 4:55 5:55
M L- L- L- Open L- T-
O E(20CH3 E(20CH3 E(20CH3 Elective E(20CH3 E1(20CH3
N 03T) 05T) 07T) 04T) 03P)
RTV,E00 FKK,E00 PRK,E00 DEY,E00 DVS,E108
2 2 2 1
T-
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H303P)
RTV,E108
TU L- L- L- L- T-
E E(20CH3 E(20CH3 E(20CH3 E(20CH3 E1(20CH3
01T) 05T) 02T) 03T) 02P )
MSI,E00 FKK,E00 ASU,E00 RTV,E00 SRY,E109
2 2 2 1
T-
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H302P )
ASU,E109
W L- L- L- L- T-
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D 02T) 06T) 07T) 04T) 01P)
ASU,E00 SRY,E00 PRK,E00 DEY,E00 MNS,E109
2 2 2 1
T-
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H301P)
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TH L- L- L- L- L-
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04T) 03T) 01T) 02T) 6T)
DEY,E00 RTV,E00 MSI,E002 ASU,E00 SRY,E001
2 2 1
FR L- L- L- L-
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05T) 06T) 01T) 07T)
FKK,E00 SRY,E00 MSI,E002 PRK,E00
2 2 1
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

SYLLABUS
UNIT 1 EXTRACTION 13 Hrs.

Introduction to liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid equilibrium, types of co-ordinate systems, solvent selection, stage wise extraction,
liquid-liquid extraction equipment, selection of extractors, Principle and theory of solid liquid extraction, types of operations, single and
multistage operations.

UNIT 2 ADSORPTION 9 Hrs.

Introduction, Adsorption isotherm, heat of adsorption, Selection of adsorbent, batch adsorption, Rate of adsorption in fixed beds,
Adsorption Equipment, Adsorption dynamics, Regeneration of adsorbent, Thermal and pressure swing adsorption

UNIT 3 HUMIDIFICATION AND DEHUMIDIFICATION 9 Hrs.

Terminology and definitions, Psychometric charts and measurement of humidity, Classification of cooling tower, Cooling tower
calculations, evaporative cooling, types of cooling tower and dehumidification methods.

UNIT 4 DRYING AND CRYSTALLIZATION 9 Hrs.

Drying: Drying equilibrium and rate of drying, calculation of drying time, drying operation batch and continuous, types of dryers and
selection criteria. Crystallization: Solid-liquid phase equlibrium, nucleation and crystal growth, principles of super saturation, types of
industrial crystallizers.
Max. 40 Hrs.
 PREREQUISITES FOR THE COURSE

Mass Transfer 2

COURSE OUTCOMES

Course Outcome:
On completion of the course, student will be able to
CO1-Define the basic principles of mass transfer operations like extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and drying.
CO2 - Explain the principles of mass transfer operations like extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and drying.
CO3 - Apply principles related to extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and drying.
CO4 - Analyze the problems related to extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and drying.
CO5 -Justify the applications of theory learned in industrial practices regarding extraction, adsorption, humidification, and dehumidification and
drying.
CO6 - Design mass transfer equipments based upon the conditions given in the problem statement.
 Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
School of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
COURSE COVERAGE PLAN

Number of
S. No. Name of Topic References
Lectures

UNIT I
1 Liquid–liquid extraction: Introduction, liquid- 2 1
liquid equilibrium

2 Types of co-ordinate systems, 2 1,3

3 Solvent selection, stage wise extraction, 3 3,4

Liquid-liquid extraction equipment, selection of

4 1 3,4
extractors.

5 Principle and theory of solid liquid extraction 2 1,3,4

types of operations,
6 Single and multistage operations 1 3,4

7 Revision 1

UNIT II 1
8 1,3
Introduction to Adsorption
9 Adsorption isotherm, heat of adsorption 1 3

10 Selection of adsorbent 1 3

11 Batch adsorption, Rate of adsorption in fixed beds 2 3,4

12 Adsorption Equipment, Adsorption dynamics 1 3

Regeneration of adsorbent, Thermal regeneration

13 2 3,4
Pressure swing adsorption

14 Revision 1

UNIT III
15 Terminology and definitions related to 1 3
humidification
16 Psychometric charts and measurement of 2 3,4
humidity
17 Classification of cooling tower 1 3
18 Cooling tower calculation 3 3

Evaporative cooling, types of cooling tower and

19 1 3
dehumidification methods.

20 Revision 1

UNIT IV
21 Drying - Drying equilibrium and rate of drying, 1 1,3
calculation of drying time.
22 Drying operation batch and continuous 2 3

23 Types of dryers and selection criteria 1

24 Crystallization: Solid-liquid phase equlibrium, 2 3,4

nucleation and crystal growth
Principles of super saturation, types of industrial
25 2 3
crystallizers.

26 Revision 1

Total 40
 Text and Reference Books
1. R.E. Treybal, Mass Transfer Operations, 3rd Edition, International Student Edition, McGraw
Hill Education
2. W. L. McCabe, J. Smith and P. Harriott - Unit operations of Chemical Engineering, 7th
Edition, McGraw-Hill international edition, 2005
3. B. K. Dutta, Principle of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes, Prentice Hall India
Learning Private Limited, 2006
4. K. V. Narayanan, Mass Transfer: Theory and Applications, CBS Publishers, 2005

Course Articulation Matrix

CO to PO mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PS01 PSO2 PSO3

CO 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1

CO 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1

CO 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1

CO 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1

CO 5 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1

CO 6 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2

Correlation levels 1, 2 or 3 as defined below:

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)
Course code: 18CH301T Course name: Mass Transfer 2

Course Outcomes (CO's): On completion of the course, students will be able to

Course Outcome:
On completion of the course, student will be able to
CO1-Define the basic principles of mass transfer operations like extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and
drying.
CO2 - Explain the principles of mass transfer operations like extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and
drying.
CO3 - Apply principles related to extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and drying.
CO4 - Analyze the problems related to extraction, adsorption, humidification, dehumidification and drying.
CO5 -Justify the applications of theory learned in industrial practices regarding extraction, adsorption, humidification, and
dehumidification and drying.
CO6 - Design mass transfer equipments based upon the conditions given in the problem statement.
Co Assessment Tools (Direct Assessment):
Various assessment tools used to evaluate CO’s (Rubrics) and the frequency with which the
assessment processes are carried out are listed below.
Assessment Assessment Mapping Contribution
Description Marks
Method Tool with CO to CO’s
90 minutes Exam CO 1 to It fractionally
IA1 30
CO6 contributes to
90 Minutes Exam 60%
Direct
weightage of
(Continuous
CO 1 to Direct
Assessment) IA2 30
CO6 Assessment to
CO
attainment.
Topics to be covered: It contributes
to 40%
weightage of
End-Sem CO1 to
Direct 100 Direct
Examination CO6
Assessment to
CO
attainment.
 Roll No. ___________
Pandit Deendayal Energy University
Take Home Assignment
B. Tech.(Chemical Engineering.)
Semester - VI
Date:10/06/2020
Course Name : Mass Transfer 2
Course Code : 18CH309T Max. Marks:50
Instructions:
1. Submit legible hand written assignment on foolscap A4 size pages as single pdf- named with your roll
no. and name.
2. Write your name, roll no., subject name and code at top of the assignment.
3. Assume suitable data wherever essential and mention it clearly.
4. Writing appropriate units, nomenclature, and drawing neat sketches/schematics wherever required is an
integral part of the answer.
5. Submit assignment online through TCS-ION.

Part-A
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (5 x 4 Marks = 20 Marks)
Course
Question Mark
Description Outcom
No. s
e (CO)
Que-1 Distinguish between the moisture content expressed on the dry 04 CO3
basis and wet basis. A wet solid weighs 50 kg and contain 10 kg
moisture. Express the moisture concentration on wet and dry basis.
Que-2 Distinguish between the bound and the unbound moisture. 04 CO3
Que-3 Why does a big natural draft cooling tower have a hyperbolic 04 CO5
shape?
Que-4 Compare the merits and demerits of forced draft and induced draft 04 CO5
cooling towers.
Que-5 Define wet bulb and dry bulb temperature. Wet bulb or Dry bulb 04 CO5
temperature, which one has higher value and why?
Part-B
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (3 x 10 Marks = 30 Marks)
Sample Two Questions

Que-1 An air-water vapour sample at 101.3 kPa has a dry-bulb 10 CO5

temperature of 330.7 K and is 20% saturated with water vapour.
Determine the following:
(a) The absolute humidity, kg water vapour per kg dry air.
(Using psychrometric chart), write down the procedure.
(b) The partial pressure of water vapour. (Calculate)
(c) The absolute saturation humidity at 330.7 K. (Using
psychrometric chart), write down the procedure.
(d) The vapour pressure of water at 330.7 K. (Calculate)
(e) The percent relative saturation. (Calculate)
(f) The dew point of the system. (Using psychrometric chart),
write down the procedure.
Que-2 A wet material is to be dried from the initial moisture content of 10 CO4
125% to be the final concentration of 10%, both moisture contents
expressed on dry basis. Assume that the equilibrium moisture
content is negligible. The rate of drying varies with moisture
content as follows.
X, kg water/kg N, kg water/h- X, kg water/kg N, kg water/h
dry air m2 dry air m2
1.5 2.5 0.4 0.88
1.0 2.5 0.35 0.66
0.8 2.5 0.3 0.52
0.7 2.1 0.2 0.33
0.6 1.73 0.1 0.18
0.5 1.39 0 0
0.45 1.22
(a) Plot the drying rate curve
(b) Determine the time of drying in the constant rate period
(c) Determine the total time of drying
Que-3 Develop equation for time of drying, when temperature and 10 CO4
humidity of the drying gas remain constant for coss-circulating
drying with figure.
End Semester June 2021
Q Define Mass Transfer Zone, Breakthrough, Equilibrium time, Stoichiometric Front and CO
1. Stoichiometric time with the help of neat diagram? 1
Q 1000 kg of an aqueous solution containing 35 mass% trimethyl amine(TMA) and 65% CO
2. water is to be extracted using benzene as solvent. A three stage cross-current 5
extraction scheme is suggested. The amounts of solvent (98% benzene, 2% TMA)
to be used in successive stages are 815kg, 950kg, and 2625kg. Determine the
fraction of the solute removed in each stage if the stages are ideal. The
compositions of the raffinate and the extract as well as the tie line data are given
below (Water:A; Benzene:B; TMA:C)

Water-rich xB 0.004 0.006 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.036 0.07 0.13

Phase,
xC 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.40
Benzene Rich yB 0.95 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.71 0.63 0.50 0.26
Phase,
yC 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
Tie-Line Data xC 0.04 0.083 0.13 0.215 0.395
yC 0.035 0.068 0.09 0.145 0.31
or
Q 250 kg of an aqueous solution of pyridine containing 50% pyridine by weight is CO
2. extracted twice using 200 kg chlorobenzene each time. 5
(a) What will be the concentration of pyridine in the raffinate?
(b) Estimate the percentage extraction of pyridine.
Q (a) Distinguish between the moisture content expressed on the dry basis and CO
3. wet basis. A wet solid weighs 50 kg and contain 10 kg moisture. Express 3
the moisture concentration on wet and dry basis.
(b) Distinguish between the free and equilibrium moisture.
Q A wet material is to be dried from the initial moisture content of 125% to be the CO
4. final concentration of 10%, both moisture contents expressed on dry basis. Assume 4
that the equilibrium moisture content is negligible. The rate of drying varies with
moisture content as follows.
X, kg water/kg N, kg water/h- X, kg water/kg N, kg water/h-
dry air m2 dry air m2
1.5 2.5 0.4 0.88
1.0 2.5 0.35 0.66
0.8 2.5 0.3 0.52
0.7 2.1 0.2 0.33
0.6 1.73 0.1 0.18
0.5 1.39 0 0
0.45 1.22
(d) Plot the drying rate curve
(e) Determine the time of drying in the constant rate period
(f) Determine the total time of drying
or
Q Develop equation for time of drying, when temperature and humidity of the CO
4. drying gas remain constant for coss-circulating drying with figure. 4
Q (a)Discuss change in the moisture content of a solid in batch drying with typical CO
5. drying rate curve. 2
(b) Compare the merits and demerits of forced draft and induced draft
cooling towers.
Q A crystallizer is to produce 1000 kg/h of FeSO4.7H2O crystals by cooling a CO
6. saturated solution. The solution enters the crystallizer at 55C and the slurry leaves 5
at 27C. The cooling water flows counter currently through the jacket and its
temperature rises from 16 to 21C. The overall heat transfer coefficient has been
estimated to be 190 W/m2K.
(i) Estimate the cooling water requirement in kG/hr
(ii) If each crystallizer unit is 3.2m long and each meter of crystallizer
provides 2.5 m2 surface, how many crystallizer units will be required?
Given: Saturated solutions of ferrous sulphate contain 170 and 75 parts
FeSO4.7H2O per 100 parts excess water at 55C and 27C, repectively. Specific
heat of solution= 2930 J/kg K, Heat of crystallization (exothermic process) of
FeSO4 = 66.2 kJ/kg.
or
Q Nicotine (C) in a water (A) solution containing 1% nicotine is to be extracted with CO
6. kerosene (B) at 20 ͦ C. Water and kerosene are essentially insoluble. Estimate the 5
percentage extraction of nicotine if 100 kg of feed solution is extracted once with
150 kg solvent.
Following is the equilibrium data:
x’= 0 0.001011 0.00246 0.00502 0.00751 0.00998 0.0204

 


 
y’= 0 0.000807 0.001961 0.00456 0.00686 0.00913 0.01870

 


 
Q (a) Demonstrate right angled triangular diagram for liquid-liquid CO
7. extraction and solid-liquid extraction. 3
(b) Classify the ternary system.
Q Crushed oil seeds containing 28 mass% oil is to be extracted with hexane to reduce CO
8. the oil content to 0.8% in the underflow. One kilogram of the solvent is used per 6
kg of the feed. Using the extraction ‘equilibrium data’ given below, determine the
number of stages required. Apply Ponchon Savarit Method.

or
Q One thousand kg of mixture containing 40 weight % acetone in water is extracted CO
8. using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIK) as solvent. What fraction of the acetone could 6
be extracted in a two-stage crosscurrent unit using 500 kg solvent in each stage?
The miscibility data and the tie line data for the acetone-water-MIK system are
given below:

Miscibility data, weight fraction Tie line data, weight fraction of

acetone
MIK Acetone Water Raffinate Extract
0.98 0 0.02 0 0
0.932 0.046 0.022 0.025 0.045
0.773 0.1895 0.0375 0.055 0.1
0.71 0.244 0.046 0.075 0.135
0.655 0.289 0.056 0.1 0.175
0.547 0.376 0.077 0.125 0.213
0.462 0.432 0.106 0.15 0.255
0.124 0.427 0.449 0.175 0.282
0.0501 0.309 0.6409 0.2 0.312
0.0323 0.209 0.7587 0.225 0.34
0.0212 0.0373 0.9415 0.25 0.365
0.022 0 0.978 0.26 0.375