Answer Key

Answer Key
Contents
1 FIRST UNIT TEST (PAGE 1 - 4) 2
2 PAGES (5 - 6) 10
3 MATH SELFIE (PAGE 7) 19
4 MATH GROUPIE(PAGE 7) 21
5 MATH SMASH(PAGE 7) 24
7 MATH GROUPIE (PAGE 8) 26
8 MATH SMASH (PAGE 8) 28
9 OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS (PAGE 9 - 10) 30
1
1 FIRST UNIT TEST (PAGE 1 - 4)
A. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. lim (5x2 − 4x + 3)
x→2
Solution:
lim (5x2 − 4x + 3) = 5(2)2 − 4(2) + 3

x→2
= 15
Answer: b. 15
x2 − 49
2. lim
x→−7 x + 7
Solution:
x2 − 49 (x − 7)(x + 7)
lim = lim
x→−7 x + 7 x→−7 x+7
= lim x − 7
x→−7
= (−7) − 7
= −14
Answer: c. -14
√
3. lim− 9 − 3x
x→3
Solution:
√ p
lim− 9 − 3x = 9 − 3(3) for all x less than 3
x→3
=0
Answer: d. 0
2x2 + x − 6
4. lim
x→−2 x+2
Solution:
2x2 + x − 6 (2x − 3)(x + 2)
lim = lim
x→−2 x+2 x→−2 x+2
= lim 2x − 3
x→−2
= 2(−2) − 3
= −7
2
Answer: a. -7
√
x−6
5. lim+ √
x→6 x2 − 36
Solution:
√ √
x−6 x−6
lim+ √ = lim+ p
x→6 2
x − 36 x→6 (x + 6)(x − 6)
√
x−6
= lim+ p p
x→6 (x + 6) (x − 6)
1
= lim+ √
x→6 x+6
1
=p For all x greater than 6
(6) + 6
√
1 1 3
=√ = √ =
12 2 3 6
√
3
Answer: d.
6
√
x+4−3
6. lim+
x→5 x−5
Solution:
√ √ √
x+4−3 x+4−3 x+4+3
lim = lim+ ·√
x→5+ x−5 x→5 x−5 x+4+3
x+4−9
= lim+ √
x→5 (x − 5)( x + 4 + 3)
x−5
= lim+ √
x→5 (x − 5)( x + 4 + 3)
1
= lim+ √
x→5 x+4+3
1
=p For all x greater than 5
(5) + 4 + 3
1 1
=√ =
9+3 6
1
Answer:?(cropped out)
6
x−9
7. lim √
x→9 x−3
3
Solution:
√
x−9 x−9 x+3
lim √ = lim √ ·√
x→9 x − 3 x→9 x − 3 x+3
√
(x − 9)( x + 3)
= lim
x→9
√ x−9
= lim x + 3
x→9
p
= (9) + 3 = 3 + 3 = 6
Answer: c. 6
√
x−4
8. lim
x→16 x − 16
Solution:
√ √ √
x−4 x−4 x+4
lim = lim ·√
x→16 x − 16 x→16 x − 16 x+4
x − 16
= lim √
x→16 (x − 16)( x + 4)
1
= lim √
x→16 x+4
1 1
=p =
(16) + 4 8
1
Answer: b.
8
x−3
9. lim 2
x→+∞ x − 4
Solution:
1
x−3 x
− x32
lim = lim
x→+∞ x2 − 4 x→+∞ 1 − 42
x
c
Since lim = 0 where n ∈ +N and c = constant
x→+∞ xn
0+0
= =0
1+0
Answer: a. 0
2x − 3
10. lim √
x→+∞ 2x2 − 3
4
Solution:
2x − 3 2x − 3
lim √ = lim q
x→+∞ 2
2x − 3 x→+∞
x2 (2 − 32 ) x
2x − 3
= lim q
x→+∞
x 2 − x32
2 − x3
= lim q
x→+∞
2 − x32
c
x→+∞ xn
2+0 2 √
=√ =√ = 2
2+0 2
√
Answer: c. 2
√
5x + 4x2
11. lim
x→+∞ 2x + 3
Solution:
√
q
5x +4x2 x2 ( x5 + 4)
lim = lim
x→+∞ 2x + 3 x→+∞
q2x + 3
x x5 + 4
= lim
q2x + 3
x→+∞
5
x
+4
= lim 3
x→+∞ 2+ x
c
x→+∞ xn
√ √
0+4 4
= = =2
2+0 2
Answer: b. 2
x2
12. lim
x→+∞ x + 9
Solution:
x2 1
lim = lim 1
x→+∞ x + 9 x→+∞
x
+ x92
5
c
x→+∞ xn
1
=
0+0
Because the denominator approaches 0 as x increases without bound, the whole fraction will
also increase without bound.
Answer: +∞
13. lim (−5x3 + 6x2 − 4)

x→+∞
Solution:
lim (−5x3 + 6x2 − 4) = − lim (5x3 − 6x2 + 4)

x→+∞ x→+∞
Odd Polynomial functions will always increase without bound when x increases without
bound, so,
= −(+∞) = −∞
Answer: a. −∞
14. lim (7x4 − 2x − 4)

x→−∞
Solution:
Even polynomial functions will always increase without bound whether x increases or
decreases without bound.
Answer: b. +∞
1
15. lim−
x→5 (x − 5)2
Solution:
When x approaches 5 through values less than 5, the denominator of the function will
approach 0 through values less than 0 (negative) but since we are squaring the denominator
it will still become positive, thus the function will increase without bound
Answer: d. +∞
4
16. lim −
x→−2 x+2
6
Solution:
When x approaches -2 through values less than -2, the denominator will approach 0
through values less than 0 (negative), thus the function will decrease without bound.
Answer: c. −∞
−1
17. lim−
x→7 x−7
Solution:
−1 1
lim− = − lim−
x→7 x−7 x→7 x − 7
When x approaches 7 through values less than 7, the denominator will approach 0 through
values that are less than 0 (negative), thus,
−(−∞) = +∞
the function increases without bound.
Answer: a. +∞
−1
18. lim
x→9 x − 9
Solution:
To solve for this limit, it is necessary to determine and compare the left-handed and right
handed limit. We start with the left-handed limit.
−1 1
lim− = − lim−
x→9 x−9 x→9 x − 9
When x approaches 9 through values less than 9, the denominator will approach 0 through
values less than 0 (negative), so
−(−∞) = +∞
it will increase without bound.
For the right-handed limit.

−1 1
lim+ = − lim+
x→9 x−9 x→9 x − 9
When x approaches 9 through values greater than 9, the denominator will approach 0 through
values greater than 0 (negative), so
−(+∞) = −∞
7
it will decrease without bound. Since the two limits are not the same, the limit does not exist.
Answer: b. does not exists
19. lim 8x
x→−∞
Solution:
For an exponential function, when x decreases without bound, it is like taking the limit
of the function through all negative values of x. Thus we can rewrite this limit as follows,
lim 8x = lim 8−x

x→−∞ x→+∞
1
lim 8x = lim
x→−∞ x→+∞ 8x
Now, let u = 8x , intuitively it is clear that
u → +∞ when x → +∞
So we can just substitute, this to the limit, making

1 1
lim 8x = lim x
= lim
x→−∞ x→+∞ 8 u→+∞ u
c
Again, since lim = 0 where n ∈ +N and c = constant. Therefore,
u→+∞ un
1
lim = lim 8x = 0
u→+∞ u x→−∞
Answer: d. 0
20. lim (0.4)x

x→+∞
Solution:
For exponential function with a base that is less than 1, each unit increase in x will reduce
the function by a factor equal to the base. This means that as x increases the function value
will continually decrease. However, this decrease is bounded because exponential functions
cannot take values given by the interval [0, −∞). Therefore, the limit of this decrease is 0.
Answer: c. 0
21. lim e2x+7

x→+∞
Solution:
lim e2x+7 = lim e2x e7

x→+∞ x→+∞
8
= e7 lim (ex )2
x→+∞
= e ( lim ex )2
7
x→+∞
Since lim ex = +∞, then the limit is +∞.

x→+∞
Answer: d. +∞
22. lim ln(3x + 3)

x→+∞
Solution:
lim ln(3x + 3) = ln( lim 3x + 3)
x→+∞ x→+∞
Since lim 3x + 3 = +∞, then,

x→+∞
lim ln(3x + 3) = ln(+∞) = ∞

x→+∞
Answer: d. ∞
B. Determine whether the function is continuous. If it is not, clas-

sify it as removable, jump, or infinite.
x2 − 9
23. f (x) = at x = 2
x−2
Solution:
The function does not exist at x = 2. So it already violated the first condition of conti-
nuity. So it is DISCONTINUOUS. In addition, at x = 2 the denominator will be zero, thus
the function is asymptotic at x = 2. So the discontinuity is INFINITE.
Answer: Discontinuous, Infinite

5x
24. f (x) = at x = 2
x−2
Solution:
The function does not exist at x = 2. So it already violated the first condition of conti-
nuity. So it is DISCONTINUOUS. In addition, at x = 2 the denominator will be zero, thus
the function is asymptotic at x = 2. So the discontinuity is INFINITE.
Answer: Discontinuous, Infinite
25. 2x2 + 6x − 5 at x = 4
9
Solution:
f (4) = 2(4)2 + 6(4) − 5

= 51 it exists!
lim 2x + 6x − 5 = 2(4)2 + 6(4) − 5
2
x→4
= 51 it exists!
finally,
lim f (x) = f (4)

x→4
The function is continuous!
Answer: Continuous
(
x2 + 1 if x < 1
26. f (x) = at x = 1
x2 − 2x − 2 if x > 1
Solution:
The function is undefined at x = 1. So this function is discontinuous. However, solving

for the left-handed and right-handed limit, we find.
lim f (x) = (1)2 + 1 = 2

x→1−
lim f (x) = (1)2 − 2(1) − 2 = −3
x→1+
This means that the discontinuity is a jump continuity.
Answer: Discontinuous, Jump
2 PAGES (5 - 6)
A. Find the derivative of each of the following functions.
1. f (x) = 5x − 9
Solution:
f (x) = 5x − 9
f 0 (x) = 5
Answer: f 0 (x) = 5
10
2. f (x) = −6x + 3
Solution:
f (x) = −6x + 3
f 0 (x) = −6
Answer: f 0 (x) = −6
3. f (x) = x2 + 5x − 8
Solution:
f (x) = x2 + 5x − 8
f 0 (x) = 2x2−1 + 5
f 0 (x) = 2x + 5
Answer: f 0 (x) = 2x + 5
4. f (x) = x2 − 4x + 9
Solution:
f (x) = x2 − 4x + 9
f 0 (x) = 2x2−1 − 4
f 0 (x) = 2x − 4
Answer: f 0 (x) = 2x − 4
5. f (x) = 3x5 + 6x2 + 9x
Solution:
f (x) = 3x5 + 6x2 + 9x

f 0 (x) = 3(5)x5−1 + 6(2)x2−1 + 9
f 0 (x) = 15x4 + 12x + 9
Answer: f 0 (x) = 15x4 + 12x + 9
6. f (x) = 2x5 − 4x3 + 5x − 6
Solution:
f (x) = 2x5 − 4x3 + 5x − 6
11
f 0 (x) = 2(5)x5−1 − 4(3)x3−1 + 5
f 0 (x) = 10x4 − 12x2 + 5
Answer: f 0 (x) = 10x4 − 12x2 + 5
7. f (x) = 7x3 − 5x2 − 6x + 8
Solution:
f (x) = 7x3 − 5x2 − 6x + 8
f 0 (x) = 7(3)x3−1 − 5(2)x2−1 − 6
f 0 (x) = 21x2 − 10x − 6
Answer: f 0 (x) = 21x2 − 10x − 6
8. f (x) = x−6 + 4x3
Solution:
f (x) = x−6 + 4x3
f 0 (x) = −6x−6−1 + 4(3)x3−1
f 0 x = −6x−7 + 12x2
Answer: f 0 x = −6x−7 + 12x2
9. f (x) = 4x2 + 5x−3
Solution:
f (x) = 4x2 + 5x−3
f 0 (x) = 4(2)x2−1 + 5(−3)x−3−1
f 0 (x) = 8x − 15x−4
Answer: f 0 (x) = 8x − 15x−4
10. f (x) = 6x3 + 8x−1
Solution:
f (x) = 6x3 + 8x−1
f 0 (x) = 6(3)x3−1 + 8(−1)x−1−1
f 0 (x) = 18x2 − 8x−2
Answer: f 0 (x) = 18x2 − 8x−2
12
4
11. f (x) = 5x3 −
x2
Solution:
4
f (x) = 5x3 −
x2
f 0 (x) = 5(3)x3−1 − 4(−2)x−2−1
f 0 (x) = 15x2 + 8x−3
8
f 0 (x) = 15x2 + 3
x
8
Answer: f 0 (x) = 15x2 +
x3
12. f (x) = (x2 − 3)(2x − 3)
Solution:
f (x) = (x2 − 3)(2x − 3)

f 0 (x) = 2x(2x − 3) + 2(x2 − 3)
f 0 (x) = 4x2 − 6x + 2x2 − 6
f 0 (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 6
Answer: f 0 (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 6
13. f (x) = (x2 + 5)(4x − 3)
Solution:
f (x) = (x2 + 5)(4x − 3)

f 0 (x) = 2x(4x − 3) + 4(x2 + 5)
f 0 (x) = 8x2 − 6x + 4x2 + 20
f 0 (x) = 12x2 − 6x + 20
Answer: f 0 (x) = 12x2 − 6x + 20
14. f (x) = (3x2 − 1)(2x + 3)
Solution:
f (x) = (3x2 − 1)(2x + 3)

f 0 (x) = 6x(2x + 3) + 2(3x2 − 1)
f 0 (x) = 12x2 + 18x + 6x2 − 2
13
f 0 (x) = 18x2 + 18x − 2
Answer: f 0 (x) = 18x2 + 18x − 2
15. f (x) = (5x − 2)2
Solution:
f (x) = (5x − 2)2

f 0 (x) = 2(5x − 2)(5)
f 0 (x) = 10(5x − 2)
f 0 (x) = 50x − 20
Answer: f 0 (x) = 50x − 20
16. f (x) = (3x2 + 5)2
Solution:
f (x) = (3x2 + 5)2

f 0 (x) = 2(3x2 + 5)(6x)
f 0 (x) = 12x(3x2 + 5)
f 0 (x) = 36x3 + 60x
Answer: f 0 (x) = 36x3 + 60x
17. f (x) = (6 − x2 )2
Solution:
f (x) = (6 − x2 )2
f 0 (x) = 2(6 − x2 )(−2x)
f 0 (x) = −4x(6 − x2 )
f 0 (x) = −24x + 4x3
Answer: f 0 (x) = −24x + 4x3
18. f (x) = (3x2 − 4x + 1)(2x − 3)
Solution:
f (x) = (3x2 − 4x + 1)(2x − 3)

f 0 (x) = (6x − 4)(2x − 3) + 2(3x2 − 4x + 1)
14
f 0 (x) = 12x2 − 26x + 12 + 6x2 − 8x + 2
f 0 (x) = 18x2 − 34x + 14
Answer: f 0 (x) = 18x2 − 34x + 14
19. f (x) = (4x2 − 3x + 2)(x + 3)
Solution:
f (x) = (4x2 − 3x + 2)(x + 3)

f 0 (x) = (8x − 3)(x + 3) + (4x2 − 3x + 2)
f 0 (x) = 8x2 − 3x + 24x − 9 + 4x2 − 3x + 2
f 0 (x) = 12x2 + 18x − 7
Answer: f 0 (x) = 12x2 + 18x − 7
20. f (x) = (x2 − 5x − 7)(x2 − 5)
Solution:
f (x) = (x2 − 5x − 7)(x2 − 5)

f 0 (x) = (2x − 5)(x2 − 5) + 2x(x2 − 5x − 7)
f 0 (x) = 2x3 − 5x2 − 10x + 25 + 2x3 − 10x2 − 14x
f 0 (x) = 4x3 − 15x2 − 24x + 25
Answer: f 0 (x) = 4x3 − 15x2 − 24x + 25
x2 + 5
21. f (x) =
3x + 2
Solution:
x2 + 5
f (x) =
3x + 2
2x(3x + 2) − 3(x2 + 5)
f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
6x2 + 4x − 3x2 − 15
f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
3x2 + 4x − 15
f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
3x2 + 4x − 15
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
15
x2 − 3
22. f (x) =
2x − 1
Solution:
x2 − 3
f (x) =
2x − 1
2x(2x − 1) − 2(x2 − 3)
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 1)2
4x2 − 2x − 2x2 + 6
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 1)2
2x2 − 2x + 6
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 1)2
2x2 − 2x + 6
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(2x − 1)2
x2 − 5x + 3
23. f (x) =
3x + 2
Solution:
x2 − 5x + 3
f (x) =
3x + 2
(2x − 5)(3x + 2) − 3(x2 − 5x + 3)
f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
6x2 − 15x + 4x − 10 − 3x2 + 15x − 9
f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
2
3x + 4x − 19
f 0 (x) =
(3x + 2)2
0 3x2 + 4x − 19
Answer: f (x) =
(3x + 2)2
x2 − 4x + 4
24. f (x) =
x−5
Solution:
x2 − 4x + 4
f (x) =
x−5
(2x − 4)(x − 5) − (x2 − 4x + 4)
f 0 (x) =
(x − 5)2
0 2x − 4x − 10x + 20 − x2 + 4x − 4
2
f (x) =
(x − 5)2
x2 − 10x + 16
f 0 (x) =
(x − 5)2
16
x2 − 10x + 16
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(x − 5)2
x2 − 3
25. f (x) =
4x + 1
Solution:
x2 − 3
f (x) =
4x + 1
2x(4x + 1) − 4(x2 − 3)
f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
8x2 + 2x − 4x2 + 12
f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
4x2 + 2x + 12
f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
4x2 + 2x + 12
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
2x − 3
26. f (x) = 2
3x + 4x − 5
Solution:
2x − 3
f (x) =
3x2+ 4x − 5
2(3x2 + 4x − 5) − (6x + 4)(2x − 3)
f 0 (x) =
(3x2 + 4x − 5)2
6x2 + 8x − 10 − 12x2 − 8x + 18x + 12
f 0 (x) =
(3x2 + 4x − 5)2
−6x2 + 18x + 2
f 0 (x) =
(3x2 + 4x − 5)2
−6x2 + 18x + 2
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(3x2 + 4x − 5)2
4x + 3
27. f (x) = 2
5x − 3x + 6
Solution:
4x + 3
f (x) =
5x2− 3x + 6
2
4(5x − 3x + 6) − (10x − 3)(4x + 3)
f 0 (x) =
(5x2 − 3x + 6)2
20x2 − 12x + 24 − 40x2 + 12x − 30x + 9
f 0 (x) =
(5x2 − 3x + 6)2
17
−20x2 − 30x + 33
f 0 (x) =
(5x2 − 3x + 6)2
0 −20x2 − 30x + 33
Answer: f (x) =
(5x2 − 3x + 6)2
(x − 3)2
28. f (x) =
4x + 1
Solution:
(x − 3)2
f (x) =
4x + 1
2(x − 3)(4x + 1) − 4(x − 3)2
f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
8x2 − 24x + 2x − 6 − 4x2 + 24x − 36
f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
4x2 + 2x − 42
f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
4x2 + 2x − 42
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(4x + 1)2
(4x + 3)2
29. f (x) =
2x − 3
Solution:
(4x + 3)2
f (x) =
2x − 3
2(4)(4x + 3)(2x − 3) − 2(4x + 3)2
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
64x2 + 48x − 96x − 72 − 32x2 − 48x − 18
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
32x2 − 96x − 90
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
32x2 − 96x − 90
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
4x3 − 2x + 1
30. f (x) =
2x − 3
Solution:
4x3 − 2x + 1
f (x) =
2x − 3
2
(12x − 2)(2x − 3) − 2(4x3 − 2x + 1)
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
18
24x3 − 4x − 36x2 + 6 − 8x3 + 4x − 2
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
16x3 − 36x2 + 4
f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
16x3 − 36x2 + 4
Answer: f 0 (x) =
(2x − 3)2
3 MATH SELFIE (PAGE 7)

A. Differentiate the following functions.
1. y = 4x6 − 5x2 + 6
Solution:
y = 4x6 − 5x2 + 6
dy
= 4(6)x6−1 − 5(2)x2−1
dx
dy
= 24x5 − 10x
dx
2. y = (3x + 2)2
Solution:
y = (3x + 2)2
dy
= 2(3)(3x + 2)
dx
dy
= 6(3x + 2)
dx
3. y = (5x − 3)2
Solution:
y = (5x − 3)2
dy
= 2(5)(5x − 3)
dx
dy
= 10(5x − 3)
dx
4. y = (5x2 − 3x + 1)2
19
Solution:
y = (5x2 − 3x + 1)2
dy
= 2(5x2 − 3x + 1)(10x)
dx
dy
= 20x(5x2 − 3x + 1)
dx
5. y = (2x2 − x + 1)2
Solution:
y = (2x2 − x + 1)2
dy
= 2(2x2 − x + 1)(4x)
dx
dy
= 8x(2x2 − x + 1)
dx
6. y = (4x − 2)3
Solution:
y = (4x − 2)3
dy
= 3(4x − 2)3−1 (4)
dx
dy
= 12(4x − 2)2
dx
7. y = (5 − 3x)3
Solution:
y = (5 − 3x)3
dy
= 3(5 − 3x)3−1 (−3)
dx
dy
= −9(5 − 3x)2
dx
8. y = (2 + x)5
Solution:
y = (2 + x)5
dy
= 5(2 + x)5−1
dx
20
dy
= 5(2 + x)4
dx
1
9. y = (x + 2) 2
Solution:
1
y = (x + 2) 2
dy 1 1
= (x + 2) 2 −1
dx 2
dy 1 1
= (x + 2)− 2
dx 2
1
10. y = (x − 3)− 2
Solution:
1
y = (x − 3)− 2
dy 1 1
= − (x − 3)− 2 −1
dx 2
dy 1 3
= − (x − 3)− 2
dx 2
4 MATH GROUPIE(PAGE 7)
Differentiate the following functions.
1
11. y = (2x2 + 3x + 4) 2
Solution:
1
y = (2x2 + 3x + 4) 2
dy 1 1
= (2x2 + 3x + 4) 2 −1 (4x + 3)
dx 2
dy 1 1
= (4x + 3)(2x2 + 3x + 4)− 2
dx 2
dy 1 4x + 3
= √
dx 2 2x2 + 3x + 4
1
12. y = (x2 − 2x + 3) 2
Solution:
1
y = (x2 − 2x + 3) 2
21
dy 1 1
= (x2 − 2x + 3) 2 −1 (2x − 2)
dx 2
dy 1 1
= (2x − 2)(x2 − 2x + 3)− 2
dx 2
dy x−1
=√
dx 2
x − 2x + 3
13. y = (x − 2)(3x + 1)2
Solution:
y = (x − 2)(3x + 1)2
dy
= (3x + 1)2 + 2(3)(3x + 1)(x − 2)
dx
dy
= (3x + 1)(3x + 1 + 6x − 12)
dx
dy
= (3x + 1)(9x − 11)
dx
dy
= 27x2 + 9x − 33x − 11
dx
dy
= 27x2 − 24x − 11
dx
14. y = (5x + 3)2 (2x − 1)
Solution:
y = (5x + 3)2 (2x − 1)

dy
= 2(5)(5x + 3)(2x − 1) + 2(5x + 3)2
dx
dy
= (5x + 3)(20x − 10 + 10x + 6)
dx
dy
= (5x + 3)(30x − 4)
dx
dy
= 150x2 + 90x − 20x − 12
dx
dy
= 150x2 + 70x − 12
dx
√
15. y = 2x − 1
Solution:
√
y = 2x − 1
dy 1 1
= (2x − 1) 2 −1 (2)
dx 2
22
dy 1 1
= (2)(2x − 1)− 2
dx 2
dy 1
=√
dx 2x − 1
√
16. y = 3x + 5
Solution:
√
y = 3x + 5
dy 1 1
= (3x + 5) 2 −1 (3)
dx 2
dy 3 1
= √
dx 2 3x + 5
dy 3
= √
dx 2 3x + 5
√
17. y = 4x − 2
Solution:
√
y = 4x − 2
dy 1 1
= (4x − 2) 2 −1 (4)
dx 2
dy 1 1
= (4)(4x − 2)− 2
dx 2
dy 2
=√
dx 4x − 2
18. y = (5x − 2)2 (x + 3)
Solution:
y = (5x − 2)2 (x + 3)
dy
= 2(5)(5x − 2)(x + 3) + (5x − 2)2
dx
dy
= (5x − 2)(10x + 30 + 5x − 2)
dx
dy
= (5x − 2)(15x + 28)
dx
dy
= 75x2 − 30x + 140x − 56
dx
dy
= 75x2 + 110x − 56
dx
23
19. y = (3x2 + 2x − 3)3
Solution:
y = (3x2 + 2x − 3)3
dy
= 3(3x2 + 2x − 3)3−1 (6x + 2)
dx
dy
= 3(6x + 2)(3x2 + 2x − 3)2
dx
20. y = (4x2 − 3x + 2)3
Solution:
y = (4x2 − 3x + 2)3
dy
= 3(4x2 − 3x + 2)3−1 (8x − 3)
dx
dy
= 3(8x − 3)(4x2 − 3x + 2)2
dx
5 MATH SMASH(PAGE 7)
C. Differentiate the following functions.
21. y = (x2 + 5x + 2)3
Solution:
y = (x2 + 5x + 2)3
dy
= 3(x2 + 5x + 2)3−1 (2x + 5)
dx
dy
= 3(2x + 5)(x2 + 5x + 2)2
dx
22. y = (2x2 − x + 3)5
Solution:
y = (2x2 − x + 3)5
dy
= 5(2x2 − x + 3)5−1 (4x − 1)
dx
dy
= 5(4x − 1)(2x2 − x + 3)4
dx
24
23. y = (x2 − 2x + 6)7
Solution:
y = (x2 − 2x + 6)7
dy
= 7(x2 − 2x + 6)7−1 (2x − 2)
dx
dy
= 14(x − 1)(x2 − 2x + 6)6
dx
√
3
24. y = 4x − 5
Solution:
√
3
y = 4x − 5
dy 1 1
= (4x − 5) 3 −1 (4)
dx 3
dy 1 2
= (4)(4x − 5)− 3
dx 3
dy 4
= 2
dx 3(4x − 5) 3
√
3
25. y = 6 − 7x
Solution:
√
3
y = 6 − 7x
dy 1 1
= (6 − 7x) 3 −1 (−7)
dx 3
dy 1 2
= (−7)(6 − 7x)− 3
dx 3
dy −7
= 2
dx 3(6 − 7x) 3

A. Differentiate the following.
*Note: All answers results from applying the Chain Rule of Differentiation, differentiation
theorems, and the theorems for differentiating trigonometric functions.
dy
1. y = sin(6x) =⇒ = 6 cos(6x)
dx
dy
2. y = sin(5x − 2) =⇒ = 5 cos(5x − 2)
dx
25
dy
3. y = sin(4x2 ) =⇒ = 8x cos(4x2 )
dx
2 dy
4. y = sin(2 − 3x ) =⇒ = −6x cos(2 − 3x2 )
dx
dy
5. y = x sin(3x) =⇒ = sin(3x) + 3x cos(3x)
dx
6. f (x) = cos(7x) =⇒ f 0 (x) = −7 sin(7x)
7. f (x) = cos(x2 + 3) =⇒ f 0 (x) = −2x sin(x2 + 3)
8. f (x) = cos(2x3 + 1) =⇒ f 0 (x) = −6x2 sin(2x3 + 1)
9. f (x) = x cos(2x) =⇒ f 0 (x) = cos(2x) − 2x sin(2x)

dy
10. y = tan(3x) =⇒ = 3 sec2 (3x)
dx
7 MATH GROUPIE (PAGE 8)

B. Differentiate the following.
11. y = tan(2x3 + 5)
Solution:
y = tan(2x3 + 5)
dy
= 2(3)x3−1 sec2 (2x3 )
dx
dy
= 6x2 sec2 (2x3 )
dx
12. y = tan(cos x) + 12
Solution:
y = tan(cos x) + 12
dy
= − sin x[sec2 (cos x)]
dx
13. f (x) = cot(6x)
Solution:
f (x) = cot(6x)
f 0 (x) = −6 csc2 (6x)
26
14. f (x) = cot(sin x)
Solution:
f (x) = cot(sin x)
f 0 (x) = − cos x[csc2 (sin x)]
15. f (x) = cot(2 − 4x2 )
Solution:
f (x) = cot(2 − 4x2 )

f 0 (x) = −4(2)x[− csc2 (2 − 4x2 )]
f 0 (x) = 8x csc2 (2 − 4x2 )
16. y = csc(3x2 − 1)
Solution:
y = csc(3x2 − 1)
dy
= 3(2)x[− csc(3x2 − 1) cot(3x2 − 1)]
dx
dy
= −6x csc(3x2 − 1) cot(3x2 − 1)
dx
17. y = csc(5x3 )
Solution:
y = csc(5x3 )
dy
= 5(3)x3−1 [− csc(5x3 ) cot(5x3 )]
dx
dy
= −15x2 csc(5x3 ) cot(5x3 )
dx
18. y = sec(3x2 − x)
Solution:
y = sec(3x2 − x)
dy
= (6x − 1) sec(3x2 − x) tan(3x2 − x)
dx
19. y = 3 sec(x) + 45
27
Solution:
y = 3 sec(x) + 45
dy
= 3 sec(x) tan(x)
dx
20. f (x) = 5 sec(2x) + 20
Solution:
f (x) = 5 sec(2x) + 20
f 0 (x) = 5(2) sec(2x) tan(2x)
f 0 (x) = 10 sec(2x) tan(2x)
8 MATH SMASH (PAGE 8)

C. Differentiate the following
21. y = e2x−3
Solution:
y = e2x−3
dy
= 2e2x−3
dx
22. y = e4x+5
Solution:
y = e4x+5
dy
= 4e4x+5
dx
2 −7
23. y = e4x
Solution:
2
y = e4x −7
dy 2
= 4(2)xe4x −7
dx
dy 2
= 8xe4x −7
dx
28
24. y = e2 cos(2x)
Solution:
y = e2 cos(2x)
dy
= −2(2) sin(2x)e2 cos(2x)
dx
dy
= −4 sin(2x)e2 cos(2x)
dx
25. y = e3 sin(2x)
Solution:
y = e3 sin(2x)
dy
= 3(2) cos(2x)e3 sin(2x)
dx
dy
= 6 cos(2x)e3 sin(2x)
dx
26. f (x) = 107x
Solution:
f (x) = 107x
f 0 (x) = 7(ln 10)107x
27. f (x) = 36x+2
Solution:
f (x) = 36x+2
f 0 (x) = 6(ln 3)36x+2
3 −3
28. f (x) = 44x
Solution:
3 −3
f (x) = 44x
3 −3
f 0 (x) = 4(3)x3−1 (ln 4)44x
3 −3
f 0 (x) = 12x2 (ln 4)44x
3 −3
f 0 (x) = 24(ln 2)x44x
29
29. f (x) = 10sin(2x)
Solution:
f (x) = 10sin(2x)
f 0 (x) = 2 cos(2x)(ln 10)10sin(2x)
f 0 (x) = (2 ln 10) cos(2x)10sin(2x)
30. f (x) = 10cos(3x)
Solution:
f (x) = 10cos(3x)
f 0 (x) = −3 sin(3x)(ln 10)10cos(3x)
f 0 (x) = (−3 ln 10) sin(3x)10cos(3x)
9 OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS (PAGE 9 - 10)

Solve the following optimization problems.
1. The sum of two positive numbers is 42. Find these numbers if their product is a maximum.
Solution:
Let,
x = first number
y = second number
P = product of the two numbers
The product of these two numbers is defined by,
P = xy (1a)
But, the sum of these two numbers is given as,
x + y = 42 (1b)
Solving for y in (1b), we get,
y = 42 − x (1c)
Substituting (1c) to (1a), we get,
P = x(42 − x)
30
P = 42x − x2 (1d)
To find the value of x that will make P , differentiate (1d) with respect to x.
dP
= 42 − 2x (1e)
dx
Solving for the critical points of this derivative by setting (1e) to 0.
0 = 42 − 2x
−42 = −2x
−42
=x
−2
∴ x = 21 (1f)
Applying the First Derivative test,
x1 = 20 ; x2 = 22
P 0 (x1 ) = 42 − 2(x1 ) = 42 − 2(20) = 2
P 0 (x2 ) = 42 − 2(x2 ) = 42 − 2(22) = −2
P 0 (x1 ) > 0 ; P 0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
From this we can see that (1f) will give a maximum value. Substituting (1f) to (1c),
y = 42 − 21
y = 21
Therefore, the two numbers are 21 and 21.
2. The sum of two positive numbers is 28. What are they if their product is a maximum.
Solution:
Let,
x = first number
y = second number
P = product of the two numbers
The product of these two numbers is defined by,
P = xy (2a)
But, the sum of these two numbers is given as,
x + y = 28 (2b)
31
y = 28 − x (2c)
Substituting (2c) to (2a), we get,
P = x(28 − x)
P = 28x − x2 (2d)
To find the value of x that will make P maximum, differentiate (2d) with respect to x.
dP
= 28 − 2x (2e)
dx
Solving for the critical points of this derivative by setting (2e) to 0.
0 = 28 − 2x
−28 = −2x
−28
=x
−2
∴ x = 14 (2f)
Applying the First Derivative test,
x1 = 13 ; x2 = 15
P 0 (x1 ) = 28 − 2(x1 ) = 28 − 2(13) = 2
P 0 (x2 ) = 28 − 2(x2 ) = 28 − 2(15) = −2
P 0 (x1 ) > 0 ; P 0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
From this we can see that (2f) will give a maximum value. Substituting (2f) to (2c),
y = 28 − 14
y = 14
Therefore, the two numbers are 14 and 14.
3. The sum of two positive numbers is 10. Find these numbers if the sum of their squares is
a minimum.
Solution:
Let,
x = first number
y = second number
32
Ss = sum of the squares of the two numbers
The sum of the squares of the two numbers is defined by,
Ss = x2 + y 2 (3a)
But, the sum of these two numbers is given by,
x + y = 10 (3b)
y = 10 − x (3c)
Substituting (3c) to (3a), we get
Ss = x2 + (10 − x)2
Ss = x2 + 100 − 20x + x2
Ss = 2x2 − 20x + 100 (3d)
To find the value of x that will give a minimum value of Ss . Differentiate (3d) with
respect to x.
dSs
= 2(2)x2 − 20
dx
dSs
= 4x − 20 (3e)
dx
Find the critical points by setting (3e) to 0.
0 = 4x − 20
20 = 4x
20
=x
4
∴x=5 (3f)
Apply the First derivative test to check if this value will give a minimum.
x1 = 4 ; x2 = 6
Ss0 (x1 ) = 4(x1 ) − 20 = 4(4) − 20 = −4
Ss0 (x2 ) = 4(x2 ) − 20 = 4(6) − 20 = 4
Ss0 (x1 ) < 0 ; Ss0 (x2 ) > 0 where x1 < x2
From this we can see that (3f) will give a minimum value. Substituting (3f) to (3c),
y = 10 − 5
y=5
33
Therefore, the two numbers are 5 and 5
4. The sum of two positive numbers is 18. Find the numbers if the sum of their cubes is a
minimum.
Solution:
Let,
x = first number
y = second number
Sc = sum of the cubes of the two numbers
The sum of the cubes of the two numbers is defined by,
Sc = x3 + y 3 (4a)
But, the sum of these two numbers is given by,
x + y = 18 (4b)
y = 18 − x (4c)
Substituting (4c) to (4a), we get
Sc = x3 + (18 − x)3 (4d)
To find the value of x that will give a minimum value of Sc . Differentiate (4d) with
respect to x.
dSc
= 3x3−1 + 3(18 − x)3−1 (−1)
dx
= 3x2 − 3(18 − x)2
= 3x2 − 3(324 − 36x + x2 )
= 3x2 − 972 + 108x − 3x2
dSc
= 108x − 972 (4e)
dx
Find the critical points by setting (4e) to 0.
0 = 108x − 972
972 = 108x
972
=x
108
∴x=9 (4f)
34
Apply the First derivative test to check if this value will give a minimum.
x1 = 8 ; x2 = 10
Sc0 (x1 ) = 108(x1 ) − 972 = 108(8) − 972 = −108
Sc0 (x2 ) = 108(x2 ) − 972 = 108(10) − 972 = 108
Sc0 (x1 ) < 0 ; Sc0 (x2 ) > 0 where x1 < x2
From this we can see that (4f) will give a minimum value. Substituting (4f) to (4c),
y = 18 − 9
y=9
Therefore, the two numbers are 9 and 9
5. Find two positive numbers whose sum is 15 if the product of the first number and the
square of the second number is to be a maximum.
Solution:
Let,
x = first number
y = second number
Define a value C, that will be defined as,
C = xy 2 (5a)
This represents the product of the first number and the square of the second number.
The sum of the two numbers is given as,
x + y = 15 (5b)
Solving for y,
y = 15 − x (5c)
Substituting (5c) to (5a),
C = x(15 − x)2 (5d)
To find the value of x that will give a maximum value of C, differentiate C with respect
to x.
dC
= (15 − x)2 + 2x(15 − x)(−1)
dx
= 225 − 30x + x2 − 2x(15 − x)
35
= 225 − 30x + x2 − 30x + 2x2
= 225 − 60x + 3x2
dC
= 3(75 − 20x + x2 ) (5e)
dx
Find the critical points by equating (5e) to 0.
0 = 3(75 − 20x + x2 )
0 = 75 − 20x + x2
0 = (x − 15)(x − 5)
∴ x = 5 ; x = 15 (5f)
The result x = 15, will mean that y = 0 by substituting it to (5c). This will mean that
C will be zero. But because both numbers are positive C can’t be negative. So this value
will give the minimum value of C. Applying the first derivative test to the remaining result.
x1 = 4 ; x2 = 6
C 0 (x1 ) = 3(75 − 20x1 + x21 ) = 3(75 − 20(4) + (4)2 0) = 33
C 0 (x2 ) = 3(75 − 20x2 + x22 ) = 3(75 − 20(6) + (6)2 0) = −27
C 0 (x1 ) > 0 ; C 0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
This means the value x = 5 results in a maximum value of C. Substituting this to (5c).
y = 15 − 5
y = 10
Therefore, the first number is 5 and the second number is 10
6. Find the dimensions of a rectangle with an area of 225 cm2 , whose perimeter is as small
as possible.
Solution:
Let,
l = length of rectangle
w = width of rectangle
P = perimeter of rectangle
A = area of rectangle
The area and perimeter of the rectangle is given as,
A = lw = 225 (6a)
P = 2l + 2w (6b)
36
From (6a), the width can be written as.
225
w= (6c)
l
Substituting (6c) to (6b),
450
P = 2l + (6d)
l
To find the value of l that will make P as small as possible. Differentiate P with respect
to l.
dP 450
=2− 2 (6e)
dl l
Finding the critical points by setting (6e) to 0.
450
0=2−
l2
2
−2l = −450
−450
l2 =
−2
2
l = 225
√
l = 225
l = 15 ; l = −15 (6f)
Ignore the negative result for now. Apply the first derivative test.
l1 = 14 ; l2 = 16
450 450
P 0 (l1 ) = 2 − 2 = 2 − 2 ≈ −0.3
l1 14
450 450
P 0 (l2 ) = 2 − 2 = 2 − 2 ≈ 0.24
l2 16
0 0
P (l1 ) < 0 ; P (l2 ) > 0 where l1 < l2
This means that(6f) produces a minimum value for the Perimeter. This is the length of
the rectangle. To determine the width, substitute l = 15 to (6c).
225
w=
15
w = 15
Therefore, the rectangle is a square with length and width equal to 15 cm.
37
7. Norman builds a rectangle pig pen with two parallel partitions using 150 meters of fencing
materials. What should be the dimensions of the pig pen so that it would enclose the largest
possible area?
Solution:
Let,
l = length of rectangle
w = width of rectangle
P = perimeter of rectangle
A = area of rectangle
The area and perimeter of the rectangle is given as,
A = lw (7a)
P = 2l + 2w = 150 (7b)
Using (7b), l can be expressed in terms of w.
2l + 2w = 150
2l = 150 − 2w
l = 75 − w (7c)
Substituting (7c) to (7a),
A = w(75 − w)
A = 75w − w2 (7d)
To find the width that will maximize the area. Differentiate A with respect to w.
dA
= 75 − 2w (7e)
dw
Then, solve for the critical points by setting (7e) to 0.
0 = 75 − 2w
−75 = −2w
−75
=w
−2
∴ w = 37.5 (7f)
Applying the first derivative test
w1 = 37 ; w2 = 38
0
A (w1 ) = 75 − 2w1 = 75 − 2(37) = 1
38
A0 (w2 ) = 75 − 2w2 = 75 − 2(38) = −1
A0 (w1 ) > 0 ; A0 (w2 ) < 0 where w1 < w2
This means that (7f) will produce the largest possible area. Substituting to (7c).
l = 75 − 37.5
l = 37.5
Therefore, the pig pen must be a square with length and width equal to 37.5 meters
8. The principal of a private elementary school wants to construct a rectangular garden.

She wants it to be built next to the school building (see the illustration below ). There are
90 meters of fencing materials available for the three sides. What should the dimensions of
the garden be to maximize the area?
Figure 1: Pig pen near attached to the school building
Solution:
Let,
P = perimeter of the garden that will be fenced

A = area of the garded
From Figure 1, this perimeter is defined as,
P = 2x + y = 90 (8a)
The area of the garden is still given by,
A = xy (8b)
Using (8a), y can be expressed in terms of x.
y = 90 − 2x (8c)
39
Substituting (8c) to (8b)
A = x(90 − 2x)
A = 90x − 2x2 (8d)
Differentiating A with respect to x

dA
= 90 − 4x (8e)
dx
Solving for the critical points
0 = 90 − 4x
−90 = −4x
−90
=x
−4
∴ x = 22.5 (8f)
Applying the first derivative test.
x1 = 22 ; x2 = 23
0
A (x1 ) = 90 − 4x1 = 90 − 4(22) = 2
A0 (x2 ) = 90 − 4x2 = 90 − 4(23) = −2
A0 (x1 ) > 0 ; A0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
This means that (8f) will produce the maximum area possible. Substituting (8f) to (8c)
y = 90 − 2(22.5)
y = 45
Therefore, the garden must be 22.5 meters long (from the building) and 45 meters across.
9. Make an open box from 36 cm square cardboard by cutting equal squares out of the cor-
ners turning the sides. Find the dimensions of the box that will give the maximum volume.
Solution:
Let,
x = side length of the square that will be cut out

V = volume of the box
Sb = side length of the base of the box
Observe the figure below. This shows the cardboard, The red broken lines specify the
square that will be cut out of the corner of the cardboard.The green broken lines will represent
40
the base of the box once the sides are folded up.The side length of the square that will be
cut out will become the height of the box, once the volume will be calculated.
Figure 2: Cardboard box cut out
From Figure 2, the side of the base of the box is equal to,
Sb = 36 − 2x (9a)
The volume of the box is given by,
V = xSb2
V = x(36 − 2x)2 (9b)
Differentiate (9b) with respect to x.
dV
= (36 − 2x)2 + 2x(36 − 2x)(−2)
dx
= (36 − 2x)2 − 4x(36 − 2x)
= (36 − 2x)(36 − 2x − 4x)
= (36 − 2x)(36 − 6x)
= 1296 − 72x − 216x + 12x2
= 12x2 − 288x + 1296
dV
= 12(x2 − 24x + 108) (9c)
dx
Solving for the critical points,
0 = 12(x2 − 24x + 108)

0 = x2 − 24x + 108
0 = (x − 18)(x − 6)
∴ x = 18 ; x = 6 (9d)
41
The result x = 18, can immediately be ruled out. Substitute this value to (9a). This
value will make the length of the side of the base to be zero. So the only accepted result is
x = 6. Applying the first derivative test.
x 1 = 5 ; x2 = 7
0
V (x1 ) = 12(x21 − 24x1 + 108) = 12(52 − 24(5) + 108) = 156
V 0 (x2 ) = 12(x22 − 24x2 + 108) = 12(72 − 24(7) + 108) = −132
V 0 (x1 ) > 0 ; V 0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
This shows that x = 6 will result to a maximum volume. Substituting this to (9a),
Sb = 36 − 2(6)
Sb = 24
Therefore, the box must have a square base with sides equal to 24 cm, and a height of 6 cm
10. From a piece of cardboard that is 24 cm by 48 cm, cut equal squares out of the corners.
Fold up the sides to form an open box. Determine the height of the box that will give the
maximum volume.
Solution:
Figure 3: Cut out box with rectangular base
Let,
x = side length of cut-out square

Bl = length of base
Bw = width of base
42
V = volume of box
From Figure 3, the length and width of the base is given by,
Bl = 48 − 2x (10a)
Bw = 24 − 2x (10b)
After folding up the sides, the height of the volume is given by x. So the volume of the
box is defined as
V = xBl Bw
V = x(48 − 2x)(24 − 2x)
V = x(1152 − 144x + 4x2 )
V = 1152x − 144x2 + 4x3 (10c)
Differentiating (10c) with respect to x.
dV
= 1152 − 288x + 12x2
dx
dV
= 12(x2 − 24x + 96) (10d)
dx
Solving for the critical points.
0 = 12(x2 − 24x + 96)

0 = x2 − 24x + 96
Using the quadratic formula

p
−(−24) ± (−24)2 − 4(1)(96)
x=
2
1√
x = 12 ± 192
2
8√
x = 12 ± 3
2√
∴ x = 12 + 4 3 ≈ 18.93 and (10e)
√
x = 12 − 4 3 ≈ 5.07 (10f)
Right off the bat, we can ignore (10e), because if we substitute this to (10b), it will result
to a negative number. This result is absurd. Applying the first derivative test to (10f).
x1 = 4 ; x2 = 6
0
V (x1 ) = 12(x21 − 24x1 + 96) = 12(42 − 24(4) + 96) = 192
V 0 (x2 ) = 12(x22 − 24x2 + 96) = 12(62 − 24(6) + 96) = −144
V 0 (x1 ) > 0 ; V 0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
43
This means that (10f) results to a maximum value of V . Substituting this to (10a) and
(10b).
Bl = 48 − 2(5.07) = 37.86
Bw = 24 − 2(5.07) = 13.86
Therefore, the box must be 37.86 cm long, 13.86 wide and 5.07 cm high
11. A rectangular chicken pen is bounded on one side by the wall of the house and the other
three sides by 160 meters of fences. Find the dimensions of the chicken pen if the area is a
maximum.
Solution:
Let,
P = perimeter of the chicken that will be fenced

A= area of the pigpen
x= length of chicken pen
y= width of chicken pen
FThe perimeter is defined as,
P = 2x + y = 160 (11a)
The area of the chicken pen is still given by,
A = xy (11b)
Using (11a), y can be expressed in terms of x.
y = 160 − 2x (11c)
Substituting (11c) to (11b)
A = x(160 − 2x)
A = 160x − 2x2 (11d)
Differentiating A with respect to x

dA
= 160 − 4x (11e)
dx
Solving for the critical points
0 = 160 − 4x
−160 = −4x
44
−160
=x
−4
∴ x = 40 (11f)
Applying the first derivative test.
x1 = 39 ; x2 = 41
0
A (x1 ) = 160 − 4x1 = 160 − 4(39) = 4
A0 (x2 ) = 160 − 4x2 = 160 − 4(41) = −4
A0 (x1 ) > 0 ; A0 (x2 ) < 0 where x1 < x2
This means that (11f) will produce the maximum area possible. Substituting (11f) to
(11c)
y = 160 − 2(40)
y = 80
Therefore, the chicken pen is 40 meters long (from the wall) and 80 meters wide
12. An open box with square base is to be made from 1200cm2 of materials. What will be
its dimensions so that it will have the largest possible volume?
Solution:
Let,
As = total surface area of the box

s= base length
h= box height
The surface area is defined as,
As = s2 + 4sh = 1200 (12a)
The volume of the box is equal to
V = s2 h (12b)
Using (12a), h can be expressed in terms of s.
4sh = 1200 − s2
1200 − s2
h=
4s
300 s
h= − (12c)
s 4
45
Substituting this to (12b),

2300 s
V =s − (12d)
s 4
1 3
V = 300s − s (12e)
4
Differentiating V with respect to s,
dV 3
= 300 − s2 (12f)
ds 4
Finding the critical point
3
0 = 300 − s2
4
3 2
−300 = − s
4
4
300 = s2
3
400 = s2
∴ s ± 20 (12g)
Take the positive result for now. Apply the first derivative test.
s1 = 19 ; s2 = 21
3 3
V 0 (s1 ) = 300 − s21 = 300 − (19)2 = 29.25
4 4
3 3
V 0 (s2 ) = 300 − s22 = 300 − (21)2 = −30.75
4 4
0 0
V (s1 ) > 0 ; V (s2 ) where x1 < x2
This means that the (12g) will lead to a maximum volume. Substituting this to (12c).
300 20
h= −
20 4
h = 10
Therefore, the base must have a side length of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm
13. Make an open box with square base from a 1728cm2 of materials. What should be the
dimensions of the box in order to have the largest possible volume?
Solution:
Let,
As = total surface area of the box
46
s = base length
h = box height
The surface area is defined as,
As = s2 + 4sh = 1728 (13a)
The volume of the box is equal to
V = s2 h (13b)
Using (13a), h can be expressed in terms of s.
4sh = 1728 − s2
1728 − s2
h=
4s
432 s
h= − (13c)
s 4
Substituting this to (13b),

2 432 s
V =s − (13d)
s 4
1
V = 432s − s3 (13e)
4
Differentiating V with respect to s,
dV 3
= 432 − s2 (13f)
ds 4
Finding the critical point
3
0 = 432 − s2
4
3 2
−432 = − s
4
4
432 = s2
3
576 = s2
∴ s ± 24 (13g)
Take the positive result for now. Apply the first derivative test.
s1 = 23 ; s2 = 25
3 3
V 0 (s1 ) = 432 − s21 = 432 − (23)2 = 35.25
4 4
47
3 3
V 0 (s2 ) = 432 − s22 = 432 − (25)2 = −36.75
4 4
0 0
V (s1 ) > 0 ; V (s2 ) where x1 < x2
This means that the (13g) will lead to a maximum volume. Substituting this to (13c).
432 24
h= −
24 4
h = 12
Therefore, the base must have a side length of 24 cm and a height of 12 cm.

A. Differentiate the following without solving for y in terms of x
*Note: All solutions involves the assumption that y is a function of x. Also, the equations
are differentiated on both sides while taking note of the Chain Rule.
1. x2 + y 2 = 81
Solution:
dy
2x + 2y =0
dx
dy
2y = −2x
dx
dy 2x
=−
dx 2y
dy x
=−
dx y
2. 2x + 9y = 12
Solution:
dy
2+9 =0
dx
dy
9 = −2
dx
dy 2
=−
dx 9
48
3. 3x − 3y = 15
Solution:
dy
3−3 =0
dx
dy
−3 = −3
dx
dy −3
=
dx −3
dy
=1
dx
4. x2 + 4y = 16
Solution:
dy
2x + 4 =0
dx
dy
4 = −2x
dx
dy −2x
=
dx 4
dy x
=−
dx 2
5. 3x2 + y 2 = 9
Solution:
dy
6x + 2y =0
dx
dy
2y = −6x
dx
dy −6x
=
dx 2y
dy 3x
=−
dx y
49
6. x3 + y = 1
Solution:
dy
3x2 + =0
dx
dy
= −3x2
dx
7. y − x2 + 2x = 0
Solution:
dy
− 2x + 2 = 0
dx
dy
= 2x − 2
dx
8. 4x2 + 9y 2 = 36
Solution:
dy
8x + 18y =0
dx
dy
18y = −8x
dx
dy −8x
=
dx 18y
dy 4x
=−
dx 9y
9. 16x2 + 4y 2 = 64
Solution:
dy
32x + 8y =0
dx
dy
8y = −32x
dx
dy −32x
=
dx 8y
50
dy 4x
=−
dx y
10. x2 − 4x − y = 7
Solution:
dy
2x − 4 − =0
dx
dy
= 2x − 4
dx

B. Differentiate the following without solving for y in terms of x
11. x2 − x − y = 6
Solution:
dy
2x − 1 − =0
dx
dy
= 2x − 1
dx
12. y + x2 + 6x = 1
Solution:
dy
+ 2x + 6 = 0
dx
dy
= −(2x + 6)
dx
13. x2 + y 2 + 2y = 7
Solution:
dy dy
2x + 2y +2 =0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 2) = −2x
dx
51
dy −2x
=
dx 2y + 2
dy x
=−
dx y+1
14. x2 − y + 5 = 4x
Solution:
dy
2x − =4
dx
dy
= 2x − 4
dx
15. y + 2x2 + 5 = 10x
Solution:
dy
+ 4x = 10
dx
dy
= 10 − 4x
dx
16. y − x2 − 18x = 49
Solution:
dy
− 2x − 18 = 0
dx
dy
= 2x + 18
dx
17. x2 + 2x − y = 15
Solution:
dy
2x + 2 − =0
dx
dy
= 2x + 2
dx
52
18. x2 + y 2 − 2x = 1
Solution:
dy
2x + 2y −2=0
dx
dy
2y = 2 − 2x
dx
dy 2 − 2x
=
dx 2y
dy 1−x
=
dx y
19. x2 + 9y 2 = 9
Solution:
dy
2x + 18y =0
dx
dy
18y = −2x
dx
dy −2x
=
dx 18y
dy x
=−
dx 9y
20. x2 + y 2 + 2y = 4
Solution:
dy dy
2x + 2y +2 =0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 2) = −2x
dx
dy −2x
=
dx 2y + 2
dy x
=−
dx y+1
53
C. Differentiate the following without solving for y in terms of x
21. x2 + 10x + y 2 + 17 = 0
Solution:
dy
2x + 10 + 2y =0
dx
dy
2y = −(2x + 10)
dx
dy −(2x + 10)
=
dx 2y
dy x+5
=−
dx y
22. x2 + y 2 − 2x + 4y = 3
Solution:
dy dy
2x + 2y −2+4 =0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 4) = −(2x − 2)
dx
dy −(2x − 2)
=
dx 2y + 4
dy x−1
=−
dx y+2
23. x2 + y 2 + 2y = 45
Solution:
dy dy
2x + 2y +2 =0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 2) = −2x
dx
dy −2x
=
dx 2y + 2
dy x
=−
dx y+1
54
24. x2 − 4x + y 2 + 2y = 15
Solution:
dy dy
2x − 4 + 2y +2 =0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 2) = −(2x − 4)
dx
dy −(2x − 4)
=
dx 2y + 2
dy x−2
=−
dx y+1
25. x2 − 2x + y 2 + 2y = 23
Solution:
dy dy
2x − 2 + 2y +2 =0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 2) = −(2x − 2)
dx
dy −(2x − 2)
=
dx 2y + 2
dy x−1
=−
dx y+2
26. y 2 + 3xy + x2 = 9
Solution:
dy dy
2y + 3y + 3x + 2x = 0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 3x) = −(3y + 2x)
dx
dy 3y + 2x
=−
dx 2y + 3x
55
x2 y 2
27. + =1
9 4
Solution:
2 1 dy
x+ y =0
9 2 dx
dy 2x 2
=−
dx 9 y
dy 4x
=−
dx 9y
x2
28. + y2 = 1
4
Solution:
1 dy
x + 2y =0
2 dx
dy x 1
=−
dx 2 2y
dy x
=−
dx 4y
y2
29. x2 + =1
9
Solution:
2 dy
2x + y =0
9 dx
dy 9
= −2x
dx 2y
dy 9x
=−
dx y
30. y 2 + 2xy + 6x2 = 8
Solution:
dy dy
2y + 2y + 2x + 12x = 0
dx dx
dy
(2y + 2x) = −(2y + 12x)
dx
56
dy −(2y + 12x)
=
dx 2y + 2x
dy y + 6x
=−
dx y+x
31. y 2 − 4xy + 2x2 = 10
Solution:
dy dy
2y − 4y − 4x + 4x = 0
dx dx
dy
(2y − 4x) = 4y − 4x
dx
dy 4y − 4x
=
dx 2y − 4x
dy 2y − 2x
=
dx y − 2x
32. x2 + 5xy + 3y 2 = 4
Solution:
dy dy
2x + 5y + 5x + 12y =0
dx dx
dy
(5x + 12y) = −(2x + 5y)
dx
dy 2x + 5y
=−
dx 5x + 12y
33. x2 + 3xy + 4y 2 = 4
Solution:
dy dy
2x + 3y + 3x + 8y =0
dx dx
dy
(3x + 8y) = −(2x + 3y)
dx
dy 2x + 3y
=−
dx 3x + 8y
57
A. Solve the following problems
1. A ladder 7.5 meters long is leaning against the wall of a house. The base of the ladder
is being pulled away from the wall at the rate of 1.5 m/s. How fast is the top of the ladder
sliding down when it is 5 meters above the ground?
Solution:
Figure 4: Ladder leaning on the wall
Let,
y= distance from the top of the ladder to the ground

x= distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall
dx
= rate that the bottom is moving relative to the wall
dt
dy
= rate that the top is moving relative to the ground
dt
From the Pythagorean Theorem,
x2 + y 2 = 7.52 (14a)
Since y = 5,
x2 + 52 = 7.52
x2 = 7.52 − 52
x2 = 31.25
x ≈ 5.59 (14b)
Differentiating both sides of (14a) with respect to t.

dx dy
2x + 2y =0 (14c)
dt dt
58
dx dy
Given that = 1.5, plugging in known values to (14c) and solving for .
dt dt
dy
2(5.59)(1.5) + 2(5) =0
dt
dy
≈ −1.677 (14d)
dt
Therefore, the top is sliding down at a rate of 1.677 m/s.
2. A ladder 10 meters long is leaning against the wall of a building. The base of the
ladder is sliding away from the wall at a rate of 2 m/s. How fast is the top of the ladder
moving down the wall when the base of the ladder is 6 meters away from the wall?
Solution:
Let,

dx
dt
dy
dt
x2 + y 2 = 102 (15a)
Since x = 6,
62 + y 2 = 102
y 2 = 102 − 62
y 2 = 64
59
y=8 (15b)

dx dy
2x + 2y =0 (15c)
dt dt
dx dy
Given that = 2, plugging in known values to (15c) and solving for .
dt dt
dy
2(6)(2) + 2(8) =0
dt
dy
= −1.5 (15d)
dt
Therefore, the top is sliding down at a rate of 1.5 m/s.
3. A ladder 10 meters long is leaning against the wall. The bottom is initially 7 meters
away from the wall, You are pushing it towards the wall at the rate of 0.3 m/s. How fast is
the top of the ladder moving up the wall 15 seconds after you start pushing.
Solution:
Let,

dx
dt
dy
dt
x2 + y 2 = 102 (16a)
60
After 15 seconds the bottom is at a distance x = 7 − 0.3(15) = 2.5 from the wall, then,
2.52 + y 2 = 102
y2 = 102 − 2.52
y2 = 93.75
y ≈ 9.68 (16b)

dx dy
2x + 2y =0 (16c)
dt dt
dx dy
Given that = −0.3, plugging in known values to (16c) and solving for .
dt dt
dy
2(2.5)(−0.3) + 2(9.68) =0
dt
dy
≈ 0.08 (16d)
dt
Therefore, the top is moving up at a rate of 0.08 m/s.
4. A 9.5 meter ladder is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is being pulled
horizontally away from the wall at 2.5 m/s. How fast is the top of the ladder moving down
the wall when its bottom is 5 meters away from the wall?
Solution:
Let,
y = distance from the top of the ladder to the ground

x = distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall
dx
dt
61
dy
dt
x2 + y 2 = 9.52 (17a)
Since x = 5,
52 + y 2 = 9.52
y2 = 9.52 − 52
y2 = 65.25
y ≈ 8.08 (17b)

dx dy
2x + 2y =0 (17c)
dt dt
dx dy
Given that = 2.5, plugging in known values to (17c) and solving for .
dt dt
dy
2(5)(2.5) + 2(8.08) =0
dt
dy
≈ −1.55 (17d)
dt
Therefore, the top is moving down at a rate of 1.55 m/s.
5. A 9 meter ladder is leaning against a wall. Its bottom is being pushed horizontally
towards the wall at a rate 3 m/s. How fast is the top of the ladder sliding up the wall when
the foot of the ladder is 4 meters from the wall?
Solution:
62
Let,

dx
dt
dy
dt
x2 + y 2 = 92 (18a)
Since x = 4,
42 + y 2 = 92
y2 = 92 − 42
y2 = 65
y ≈ 8.07 (18b)

dx dy
2x + 2y =0 (18c)
dt dt
dx dy
Given that = −3, plugging in known values to (18c) and solving for .
dt dt
dy
2(4)(−3) + 2(8.07) =0
dt
dy
≈ 1.49 (18d)
dt
Therefore, the top is sliding up at a rate of 1.49 m/s.
6. An 8 meter ladder is leaning against a wall and is sliding down at a rate of 3 m/s.
When the top of the ladder is 4 meters from the ground, how fast is the foot of the ladder
sliding away from the wall?
Solution:
Let,
y = distance from the top of the ladder to the ground

x = distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall
dx
dt
63
dy
dt
x2 + y 2 = 82 (19a)
Since y = 4,
x2 + 42 = 82
x2 = 82 − 42
x2 = 48
x ≈ 6.93 (19b)
dx dy
2x + 2y =0 (19c)
dt dt
dy dx
Given that = −3, plugging in known values to (14c) and solving for .
dt dt
dx
2(6.93) + 2(4)(−3) = 0
dt
dx
≈ 1.73 (19d)
dt
Therefore, the bottom is sliding away from the wall at a rate of 1.73 m/s.
7. A man 180 cm tall is walking away from a street light 6.1 meters high at a rate of 120
cm/s. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow is changing.
Solution:
64
Figure 10: Man walking away from streetlight
Let,
x= distance between the man and the light

s= length of shadow
dx
= rate that the man is walking
dt
ds
dt
Observing the figure above, similar triangles can be used.
s s+x
=
180 610
61s = 18s + 18x
43s = 18x (20a)
Differentiating both sides with respect to t.

ds dx
43 = 18 (20b)
dt dt
dx
It is given that = 120, then
dt
ds
43 = 18(120)
dt
ds
≈ 50.23 (20c)
dt
Therefore, the shadow is changing at a rate of 50.23 cm/s
65
8. A man 170 cm tall is walking away from a lamp post 4.5 meters high at a rate of 110
cm/s. Find how fast the length of his shadow is changing.
Solution:
Let,

s= length of shadow
dx
dt
ds
dt
s s+x
=
170 450
45s = 17s + 17x
28s = 17x (21a)

ds dx
28 = 17 (21b)
dt dt
dx
dt
ds
28 = 17(110)
dt
66
ds
≈ 66.79 (21c)
dt
Therefore, the shadow is changing at a rate of 66.79 cm/s
9. A man 1.9 meters tall is walking at 160 cm/s from a 6.7 meters street light.
a. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow is changing
b. Find the rate at which the tip of his shadow is changing
Solution:
a.) Let,

s= length of shadow
dx
dt
ds
dt
s s+x
=
190 670
67s = 19s + 19x
48s = 19x (22a)

ds dx
48 = 19 (22b)
dt dt
67
dx
dt
ds
48 = 19(160)
dt
ds
≈ 63.33 (22c)
dt
a. Therefore, the shadow is changing at a rate of 63.33 cm/s
b.) The rate at which the tip of the shadow is changing is equal to the rate of change
of x + s, i.e, the base of the large triangle in the figure. This is just the sum of the walking
rate of the man and the rate of increase of the shadow
L=x+s
dL dx ds
= +
dt dt dt
dL
= 160 + 63.33 = 223.33
dt
Therefore, the tip of the shadow is changing at a rate of 223.33 cm/s.
10. A man 182 cm tall is walking away from a 7.6 meters street light at the rate of 170 cm/s.
a. At what rate is the shadow increasing when the man is 15 meters from the street light
b. At what rate is the tip of his shadow moving?
Solution:
a.) Let,
x = distance between the man and the light
68
s = length of shadow
dx
dt
ds
dt
s s+x
=
182 760
380s = 91s + 91x
289s = 91x (23a)

ds dx
380 = 91 (23b)
dt dt
dx
dt
ds
380 = 91(170)
dt
ds
≈ 40.71 (23c)
dt
a. Therefore, the shadow is changing at a rate of 40.71 cm/s
b.) The rate at which the tip of the shadow is changing is equal to the rate of change
of x + s, i.e, the base of the large triangle in the figure. This is just the sum of the walking
rate of the man and the rate of increase of the shadow
L=x+s
dL dx ds
= +
dt dt dt
dL
= 170 + 40.71 = 210.71
dt
Therefore, the tip of the shadow is changing at a rate of 210.71 cm/s.

B. Solve the following problems.
11. A student is walking towards the foot of a flagpole 20 meters high at the rate of 8 meters
per minute. At what rate is he approaching the top of the flagpole when he is 25 meters
from its foot?(Disregard student’s height.)
69
Solution:
Let,
x = distance between student and foot of the pole

c = distance between student and the top of the pole
Using the Pythagorean Theorem,
x2 + 202 = c2 (24a)
Differentiating both sides with respect to t

dx dx
2x = 2c
dt dt
dc x dx
= (24b)
dt c dt
Since, x = 25
252 + 202 = c2
c ≈ 32.02
Substituting known values.

dc 25
= (−8)
dt 32.02
dc
= −6.24
dt
Therefore, the student is approaching the top of the pole at a rate of 6.24 m/min
12. A woman is walking at the rate of 6 meters per minute towards the foot of a pole 18
meters high. At what rate is she approaching the top of the pole when she is 27 meters from
its foot?(Disregard the woman’s height)
Solution:
Let,
x = distance between woman and foot of the pole

c = distance between woman and the top of the pole
Using the Pythagorean Theorem,
x2 + 182 = c2 (25a)
70
Differentiating both sides with respect to t
dx dx
2x = 2c
dt dt
dc x dx
= (25b)
dt c dt
Since, x = 25
272 + 182 = c2
c ≈ 32.45

dc 27
= (−6)
dt 32.45
dc
= −4.99
dt
Therefore, the woman is approaching the top of the pole at a rate of 4.99 m/min
13. A spherical balloon is being inflated by a science teacher. Its volume is increasing at
the rate of 300 cubic centimeters per second. Find the rate of change of the radius of the
balloon when the radius is 6 centimeters.
Solution:
Let,
V = volume of the ballon

r = radius of the balloon
dr
= rate of change of radius
dt
dV
= rate of change of volume
dt
The volume of a spherical balloon is given by,
4
V = πr3
3
dV dr
= 4πr2
dt dt
dr
300 = 4π(6)2
dt
71
dr
≈ 0.66
dt
Therefore, the radius of the balloon is increasing by 0.66 cm per second
14. A spherical balloon is being deflated and its radius is decreasing at a constant rate of 5
cm/s. At what rate is the volume of the balloon changing when the radius is 3 cm.
Solution:
Let,

dr
dt
dV
dt
4
V = πr3
3
dV dr
= 4πr2
dt dt
dV
= 4π(3)2 (−5)
dt
dV
= −540π ≈ −1696.46
dt
Therefore, the volume of the balloon is decreasing by 1696.46 cm3 per second
15. A spherical balloon is being deflated at the rate of 80 cm3 /min. At what rate is the
radius decreasing when the radius is 8 cm?
Solution:
Let,

dr
dt
72
dV
dt
4
V = πr3
3
dV dr
= 4πr2
dt dt
dr
−80 = 4π(8)2
dt
dr
≈ −0.099
dt
Therefore, the radius of the balloon is decreasing by 0.099 cm per second
16. The height of a water tank which is in the shape of a right circular cone is 300 cm. Its
top rim which is circular in form has a radius of 120 cm. If it is being filled with water at
the rate of 50,000 cm3 /min, how fast is the water level rising when it is at a depth of 150 cm?
Solution:
Figure 14: right circular cone cross-section
Let,
x = radius of water
73
y = water level
The volume of water in the tank is given by

1
V = πx2 y (26a)
3
To reduce the number of variables, notice in the figure, similar triangles can be used.
x r 120 2
= = =
y h 300 5
2
x= y
5
Substituting to (26a)
2
1 2
V = π y y
3 5
4
V = πy 3
75
dV 4 dy
= πy 2
dt 25 dt
4 dy
50, 000 = π(150)2
25 dt
dy
≈ 4.42
dt
Therefore, the water level is rising at a rate of 4.42 cm/min
17. A tank in the shape of an inverted right circular cone 4 meters high with a radius of 1.5
meter at the top is being filled with water at a constant rate of 0.3 cubic meters per minute.
At what rate is the level of the water rising when the water in the tank is 2 meters deep?
Solution:
Let,
x = radius of water
y = water level

1
V = πx2 y (27a)
3
74
x r 1.5 3
= = =
y h 4 8
3
x= y
8
2
1 3
V = π y y
3 8
3
V = πy 3
64
dV 9 dy
= πy 2
dt 64 dt
9 dy
0.3 = π(2)2
64 dt
dy
≈ 0.162
dt
Therefore, the water level is rising at a rate of 0.162 m/min
75
18. An inverted conical tank is 4 meters tall with a radius of 2 meters. The water is being
drained at a rate of 1.5 cubic meters/minute. At what rate is the water level changing when
the water level is 3 meters?
Solution:
Let,
x = radius of water
y = water level

1
V = πx2 y (28a)
3
x r 2 1
= = =
y h 4 2
1
x= y
2
2
1 1
V = π y y
3 2
1
V = πy 3
12
76
dV 1 dy
= πy 2
dt 4 dt
1 dy
−1.5 = π(3)2
4 dt
dy
≈ −0.212
dt
Therefore, the water level is decreasing at a rate of 0.212 m/min
19. A paper cup in the shape of a right circular cone has a height of 15 cm and a radius of 5
4π 3
cm. The bottom of the cup is punctured so that the water leaks out at the rate of cm /s.
3
What is the rate of change of the water level in centimeters per second when the water level
is 10 cm?
Solution:
Let,
x = radius of water
y = water level
1
V = πx2 y (29a)
3
77
x r 5 1
= = =
y h 15 3
1
x= y
3
2
1 1
V = π y y
3 3
1
V = πy 3
27
dV 1 dy
= πy 2
dt 9 dt
4π 1 dy
− = π(10)2
3 9 dt
dy 3
= − = −0.12
dt 25
Therefore, the water level is decreasing at a rate of 0.12 cm/s

C. Solve the following problems.
20. A cylindrical plastic container with a radius of 15 cm is being filled with orange juice
at a rate of 100π cubic centimeters per second. How fast is the height of the orange juice
increasing?
Solution:
Let,
h= juice level
V = juice volume
dV
dt
dh
= rate of change of water level
dt
The volume of a right circular cylinder is equal to,
V = πr2 h
78
Differentiating both sides with respect to t, keeping in mind that the radius r is constant
through time t.
dV dh
= πr2
dt dt
Substituting known values,
dh
100π = π(15)2
dt
dh 4
= ≈ 0.444
dt 9
Therefore, the juice level is rising by 0.444 cm per second
21. A jar in the form of a right circular cylinder is being filled with water at the rate of 400
cm3 per second. If the radius of the jar is 12 cm, how fast is the height of the water in the
jar rising?
Solution:
Let,
h= water level
V = water volume
dV
dt
dh
dt
V = πr2 h
through time t.
dV dh
= πr2
dt dt
dh
400 = π(12)2
dt
dh
≈ 0.884
dt
Therefore, the water level is rising by 0.884 cm per second
79
22. A right cylindrical tank filled with water has a radius of 2 meters. If the water is being
drained at the rate of 10 cubic meters per minute, how fast is the height of the water de-
creasing?
Solution:
Let,
h= water level
V = water volume
dV
dt
dh
dt
V = πr2 h
through time t.
dV dh
= πr2
dt dt
dh
−10 = π(2)2
dt
dh
≈ −0.796
dt
Therefore, the water level is falling by 0.796 m per second
80

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3 MATH SELFIE (PAGE 7) 19

6 MATH SELFIE (PAGE 8) 25

7 MATH GROUPIE (PAGE 8) 26

8 MATH SMASH (PAGE 8) 28

9 OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS (PAGE 9 - 10) 30

10 MATH SELFIE (PAGE 11) 48

11 MATH GROUPIE (PAGE 11) 51

12 MATH SMASH (PAGE 11) 54

13 MATH SELFIE (PAGE 12) 58

14 MATH GROUPIE (PAGE 13) 69

15 MATH SMASH (PAGE 14) 78

lim (5x2 − 4x + 3) = 5(2)2 − 4(2) + 3

13. lim (−5x3 + 6x2 − 4)

lim (−5x3 + 6x2 − 4) = − lim (5x3 − 6x2 + 4)

14. lim (7x4 − 2x − 4)

the function increases without bound.

it will increase without bound.

For the right-handed limit.

Answer: b. does not exists

lim 8x = lim 8−x

Now, let u = 8x , intuitively it is clear that

So we can just substitute, this to the limit, making

20. lim (0.4)x

21. lim e2x+7

lim e2x+7 = lim e2x e7

Since lim ex = +∞, then the limit is +∞.

22. lim ln(3x + 3)

Since lim 3x + 3 = +∞, then,

lim ln(3x + 3) = ln(+∞) = ∞

B. Determine whether the function is continuous. If it is not, clas-

Answer: Discontinuous, Infinite

Answer: Discontinuous, Infinite

f (4) = 2(4)2 + 6(4) − 5

lim f (x) = f (4)

The function is continuous!

The function is undefined at x = 1. So this function is discontinuous. However, solving

lim f (x) = (1)2 + 1 = 2

This means that the discontinuity is a jump continuity.

Answer: Discontinuous, Jump

5. f (x) = 3x5 + 6x2 + 9x

f (x) = 3x5 + 6x2 + 9x

Answer: f 0 (x) = 15x4 + 12x + 9

6. f (x) = 2x5 − 4x3 + 5x − 6

f (x) = 2x5 − 4x3 + 5x − 6

Answer: f 0 (x) = 10x4 − 12x2 + 5

7. f (x) = 7x3 − 5x2 − 6x + 8

Answer: f 0 (x) = 21x2 − 10x − 6

8. f (x) = x−6 + 4x3

Answer: f 0 x = −6x−7 + 12x2

9. f (x) = 4x2 + 5x−3

Answer: f 0 (x) = 8x − 15x−4

10. f (x) = 6x3 + 8x−1

Answer: f 0 (x) = 18x2 − 8x−2

f (x) = (x2 − 3)(2x − 3)

Answer: f 0 (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 6

13. f (x) = (x2 + 5)(4x − 3)

f (x) = (x2 + 5)(4x − 3)

Answer: f 0 (x) = 12x2 − 6x + 20

14. f (x) = (3x2 − 1)(2x + 3)

f (x) = (3x2 − 1)(2x + 3)

Answer: f 0 (x) = 18x2 + 18x − 2