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method of application of traditional medicine vary widely following two main traditional systems: the Unani-Tibb or
among the different ethnic groups living in different parts Graeco-Arab system which has been developed by the
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of the country according to their culture, living standard, Arab and Muslim scholars from the ancient Greek system,
*
Corresponding author: Zubair Khalid labu | Email: [email protected], Telephone: # 01558388956
Zubair Khalid labu et al. / Journal of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics 1 (3) 2013, 93-104
and the Ayurvedic system which is the old Indian system medicines in curing many chronic diseases is a positive
based on the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of the Hindu effort toward the healthcare development. As an example,
saints of the Aryan age, 2, 3, 4. The Government is also Mohamed et al. (2011) attested that Orthosiphon
planning to incorporate traditional medicine in Primary Stamineus Benth Leaves Extract demonstrate an
Health Care (PHC) activities. In order to achieve the goal of antihyperglycemic activity that can be used to reduce the
providing basic health needs to maximum of the rural blood glucose level in the diabetic patient.
people in the shortest possible time with minimum
expenditure, the Government is planning to bring CURRENT STATUS:
traditional medicine into the mainstream of the organized
public health services and health care delivery programs of OFFICIAL STATUS OF HERBAL MEDICINE IN BANGLADESH:
the country. In an attempt to integrate the traditional and Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine were
modern allopathic medicine practices, the Govt. has officially recognized by the Government of
already started appointing qualified Hakims and Bangladesh immediately after independence and at the
Kavirajes in the rural hospitals and health complexes along same time a Board of Unani and Ayurvedic systems of
with graduate allopathic medical doctors. With the medicine was constituted. After the introduction of a
encouragement and practical involvement of the World National Drug Policy in 1982, Unani and Ayurvedic drugs
Health Organization, efforts are now in vogue in have been brought under the control of the Drugs
Bangladesh to utilize traditional medicine more and more Administration Department of the Ministry of Health and
in the health care programs, particularly at the Primary Family Welfare by legislation to control and regulate the
Health Care level. And this is imparting a positive effect on commercial manufacturing and marketing of quality Unani
the overall health management of Bangladesh. Both the and Ayurvedic drugs. The Government is also planning to
Unani and Ayurvedic systems of traditional medicine have incorporate traditional medicine in Primary Health
firm roots in Bangladesh and are widely practiced all over Care (PHC) activities. In order to achieve the goal of
the country. Apparently the recipients of these systems of providing basic health needs to maximum of the rural
medicine appear to be the rural people, but practically a people in the shortest possible time with minimum
good proportion of the urban population still continues to expenditure, the Government is planning to bring
use these traditional medicines, although organized traditional medicine into the mainstream of the organized
modern health care facilities are available to them. public health services and health care delivery programs of
Medicinal preparations, almost all of which are multi- the country. In an attempt to integrate the traditional and
componental, used in these two systems are invariably modern allopathic medicine practices, the Govt. has
made from plant materials, sometimes with the addition of already started appointing qualified Hakims and
some animal products and also some natural or synthetic Kavirajes in the rural hospitals and health complexes along
organic and inorganic chemical substances. Both with graduate allopathic medical doctors. With the
indigenous and modern technologies are employed in encouragement and practical involvement of the World
preparing the medicines of these systems. Unani and Health Organization, efforts are now in vogue in
Ayurvedic systems of medicine were officially recognized Bangladesh to utilize traditional medicine more and more
by the Government of Bangladesh immediately after in the health care programs, particularly at the Primary
independence and at the same time a Board of Unani and Health Care level. And this is imparting a positive effect on
Ayurvedic systems of medicine was constituted. After the the overall health management programs of the country.
introduction of a National Drug Policy in 1982, Unani and
Ayurvedic drugs have been brought under the control of EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HERBAL MEDICINE:
the Drugs Administration Department of the Ministry of A total of 15 Government recognized and funded
Health and Family Welfare by legislation to control and educational institutions are currently engaged in the
regulate the commercial manufacturing and marketing of teaching of traditional medicine and training of traditional
quality Unani and Ayurvedic drugs. Traditional medicine medicine practitioners in Bangladesh. These institutions
gradually becomes tremendous potential therapy which are situated in different parts of the country. Of them, 10
can be regarded as an alternative to the conventional drugs institutions are involved in teaching the Unani system and
that attracts the attention of the world within the context the other 5 in teaching the Ayurvedic system. Each of these
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of health care provision and health sector6. The emergence institutions has an attached out-patient hospital which
of thousands clinical trials and experiments on the plant imparts internship training to the graduates while giving
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extraction illustrate the reliability of the traditional medical services to the out-door patients. These
institutions offer a four year Diploma course and six month producing these drugs, some of them, like
internship training. The curriculum of the courses offered Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh, have
includes anatomy, physiology, hygiene, community substantially modernized their factories by installing
medicine, minor surgery and other relevant subjects of the modern equipment and machineries. They use modern
respective systems. At the end of the courses, the Board of methods and technology for the production and quality
Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine conducts a control of their traditional medicines. Some of these
qualifying examination centrally. Annual intake of these factories can be compared with any modern
institutions currently stands at about 400 students. A pharmaceutical factory of this and other countries. The
Government Unani and Ayurvedic Degree College has been presentation and quality of their products are as good as
established in Dhaka with effect from the 1989-90 those of modern allopathic drugs. Many traditional
academic sessions. This college offers a five years degree medicine preparations in Bangladesh are now dispensed
course and one year internship training in the attached and sold from most of the modern allopathic drug stores,
100-bed Traditional Medical Hospital. The college is particularly those in the rural and peri-urban areas, and
affiliated to the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. some of them are even prescribed by the modern
In addition to the above institutional teaching and training allopathic medicine practitioners. Modernization and
programmes, the Board of Unani and Ayurvedic systems of utilization of modern technology and pharmaceutical
medicine is now pursuing a crash programme in knowledge in manufacturing and quality controlling of
collaboration with the WHO to impart short-term training traditional medicines are now rapidly increasing in
to 2000 untrained practitioners of traditional medicine in Bangladesh 6, 7, 9.
phases. This is an attempt to give them the minimum level Traditional medicine systems, particularly
of training and knowledge so that a second tier of Unani and Ayurvedic systems are now recognized and well
manpower in traditional medicine health care services can accepted as good alternative systems of medicine in both
be raised. They are registered in the category B register. rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Considerable research
Under a Government Project, entitled "Development of is now going on in this country both privately and
indigenous systems of medicine (Unani and Ayurvedic) in institutionally to improve the quality of these drugs.
Bangladesh" the Board envisages to set up a National Establishment of a separate Research & Development
Institute of Research in Unani and Ayurvedic Medicines and laboratory by the Hamdard Laboratories of Bangladesh, a
a modern traditional medicine production unit in Dhaka. It manufacturer of Unani medicines, in order to undertake
also envisages to establish more educational institutions in research programs to improve the quality of its current
different parts of the country for offering Diploma courses products and to develop new drugs from indigenous
in traditional medicine and to develop and modernize the natural sources, bears clear testimony to that5.
existing educational institutions of traditional medicines in
the country. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE USED IN DIFFERENT DISEASES
ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY:
PRODUCTION OF HERBAL MEDICINE: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome
More than four hundred big and small characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia caused by a
manufacturers in Bangladesh are now engaged in relative or absolute deficiency of insulin or by a resistance
manufacturing traditional medicine preparations in various to the action of insulin at the cellular level. Plant materials
dosage forms using local and imported raw materials. which are being used as traditional medicine for the
Some of the important raw materials of plant origin are treatment of diabetes are considered one of the good
derived from the rich tropical flora of Bangladesh. Many of sources for a new drug or a lead to make a new drug. Plant
them are imported from India and Pakistan. The Unani and extract or different folk plant preparations are being
Ayurvedic drugs manufactured in Bangladesh not only prescribed by the traditional practioners and also accepted
meet the local requirements but are also exported to the by the users for diabetes like for any other diseases in
neighboring countries. Although many of these many countries.
manufacturers are still using the traditional methods of
11-21, 31
Table-1: List of plants having Anti-diabetic activity
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gracecum
Sr. No. Common name Botanical Name Part Used Family Uses
1 Tulsi Ocimum sanctum All parts Labiatae Antiulcer, Antibacterial
2 Tippani Allophylus serratus Leaves Sapindaceae Antiulcer, elephantiasis
3 Shaparni Desmodium gangeticum Root Extract Leguminosae Typhoid, piles, asthma,
Antiulcer etc
4 Neem Azadirachta indica Dried bark Meliaceae Gastrointestinal dieses
extract leprosy, respiratory
disorders
5 Indian Hemidesmus indicus Leaf extract Asclepiadaceae Antidiarrhoeal,
Sarsaparilla mucoprotective,
Antiulcer
6 Satavari Asparagus racemosus Extract of Liliaceae Anti-
fresh root diarrhoeal,Antibacterial
, Antiulcer
7 Triphala Terminalia pallid Plant Extract Combretaceae Antiulcer
8 Aamla Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract Euphorbiacae Antiulcer
9 Gotu Kola Centella asiatica Fresh Juice Apiaceae Antiulcer
10 Brahmi Bacopa monniera Fresh Juice Scrophulariaceae Antiulcer
hermitic,antiamebic,
Antiulcer
ha somnifera .
7 Bhingaraj Eclipta Asteraceae Leaves Rheumatism, hair fall, fever, hepatitis, edema
prostrata possessing potent antihepatotoxic properties
/Eclipta alba
8 Punarnava Boerhavia Nyctaginac Whole plant Diuretic,
(Hogweed) diffusa, eae
9 Arjuna Termenalia Combretac Bark Bark-used as a cardio protective and cardio
arjuna eae. tonic in angina and poor coronary circulation; as
a diuretic in cirrhosis of liver and externally
in skin diseases, herpes and leukoderma
10 Garlic Alium Liliacae Bulbils Antibacterial,insecticidal,used in digestive
sativum disorder, causes lowering
of cholesterol level
11 Scotch Cystisus Papilionace Seeds Diuretic and cathartic. Emetic in large doses The
broom scoparius ae herb is used chiefly in the form of sulphate in
tachycardia and functional palpitation
12 Lotus Nelumbo Nelumbo- Arial Tranquilizer, cardiotonic and in kidney and skin
nucifera naceae parts diseases
13 Hawthorn Crataegus Rosaceae Dried Angina pectoris , hypertension
laevi flowers,
gata/ Fruits,
Crataegus leaves
oxycantha
32-41, 44, 46
Table 4: List of Plants having Anti-tumor activity
against microbes.
and feels hot. Many bacterial infections in humans can be
traced to two kinds of bugs: Staphylococcus (staph) and
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Sr. No. Common name Botanical name Family name Parts of used Others use
1 Chhagalbati Cryptolepis Periplocaceae Stem and root Antimicrobial,
buchanani Roem & antiamphetaminic
Sc.hult .
2 Talamuli Curculigo Amaryllidaceae Root Antifungal,antibac
orchioides terial.
Gaertn
3 Deshi Gab Diospyros peregrine Ebenaceae Stem bark Antiprotozoal,
Gurke antiviral,
hypoglycaemic
4 Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Labiatae All parts Antiulcer,
Antibacterial
5 Shatamuli Asparagus Liliaceae Extract of
fresh Antidiarrhoeal,Ant
racemosus Willd. root ibacterial,
Antiulcer
6 Basak Adhatoda zeylanica Acanthaceae Essential oil of Antimicrobial,
Linn. leaves Respiratory
stimulant,in
glandular tumors
7 Kunch Abrus precatorius Papilionaceae Seeds Antimicrobial,
Linn. anticancer,abortif
acient,emetic.
8 Apang Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Whole plant Antibacterial,
Linn. antifungal,
hypoglycaemic.
9 Mankachu Alocasia indica Araceae Seeds Antibacterial,
Roxb. antifungal.
10 Elcha Alternanthera Amaranthaceae Whole plant Antibacterial,
sessilis Linn. febrifuge,
cholagogue,galact
agogue.
11 Luban Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Essential oil of Antifungal,
Roxb. leaves antibacterial,
rubefacient.
12 Tur Cajanus cajan Papilionaceae Leave extracts Antibacterial
13 Bohera Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Fruits Antimicrobial,
Roxb. antimutagenic
14 Methi shak Trigonella foenum- Papilionaceae Whole plant Antibacterial,
graecum Linn. antifungal,
antitumor
15 Chichinga Trichosanthes Curcurbitaceae seed Antibacterial
auguina Linn.
USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN A VILLAGE: available, cheaper and dependable. It is not only used in
Bangladesh is a developing country. But still major above mentioned chronic diseases but also in many
100
portion of the citizen lives in the villages of our country illnesses. For examples we had focused a scenario of usage
traditionally use traditional medicine than modern ones. of TM in a small village named ‘Modupur’, a tribal area
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The probable causes behind this are that it is easily near the district of Nator where more than 50 different
medicinal plants were being used .These are used in krisak samity also plays a good role to disseminating
various lesions, antacid, itching, for dysentery, skin disease, knowledge about cultivated medicinal plants among the
cold/cough, headache, fever, appetizer, paralysis, burning farmers. Herbal medicines could be prepared from a
during urination and burning of palm and foot soles, mouth variety of plant parts like roots, bark, leaves, flowers and
wash, dental plaque, rheumatic pain, pain killer, fruits. The locally produced medicinal plants are randomly
conjunctivitis, vomiting, fairness, blindness, bronchitis being used by the villagers for some of the following
etc.The knowledge of using herbal medicine was problems.
disseminated to them by local kabiraj. The newly formed
8
Table 6: List of plants having miscellaneous Activity
Sr. No. List of traditional medicines Purposes of use in various disease condition
1 Gritakumari Pulp of Ghritakumari Keeps the stomach cool and helps in mitigating constipation, it
also control burning of hand and feet.
Erase spots and to brighten the skin
2 Misridana (root) Control gastric
3 Nilkantha leaves Reduce gastric pain
4 Simul root In the treatment of constipation and piles, suppress weakness and
also used in arthritis.
5 Lazzaboti plant For the treatment of piles
6 Rajkantha, nilkantha Body and teeth pain
7 Daudmoni, Raktachandal For treatment of ringworms or Daud
8 Anantamul For itching, scabies, and eczema.`
9 Kalomegh and Misridana Treating jaundice in the study area,
Misridana is used to control high blood pressure
10 Arjun bark Used for heart problems, for the treatment of piles.
15 Uatkambal Increase delivery pain and sometimes applied in the hair for louse
killing
16 Ishwarmul plant Treating snake bite
health care delivery programs of the country. From this activities. Hence the article concludes that herbal drugs
study, it is clear that the medicinal plants play a vital role possess antiulcer, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic and anti-
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