International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 5 Issue 5, July-August 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

An Interventional Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of

Selected Nutritional Diet on Growth of Pre-Schooler at
Selected Slums Area of Bhopal (M.P)
Akhil Kumar Pandey1, Sunita Singh2
1
Assistant Professor, L.N. Nursing College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
2
Lecturer, Baba Educational Society Institute of Paramedical College of Nursing, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Akhil Kumar

Background: Children are the future pillars of a nation. Nutrition of Pandey | Sunita Singh "An
these children would determine the strength of tomorrow’s nation. Interventional Study to Evaluate the
Inadequate nutrition of these children leads to retarded growth and Effectiveness of Selected Nutritional
Diet on Growth of Pre-Schooler at
development and may cripple the child the child for life long.
Selected Slums Area of Bhopal (M.P)"
Malnutrition is a worldwide problem and a major public health
Published in
concern. More than half of the yearly 10.8 million deaths of children International
younger than 5 years are attributed to malnutrition according to the Journal of Trend in
international reference recommended by the World Health Scientific Research
Organization (WHO). Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the and Development
effectiveness of selected nutritional diet on growth of pre-schooler. (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
Methods: The research approach adopted for this study was 6470, Volume-5 | IJTSRD45072
quantitative approach. The research design selected for the study was Issue-5, August
pre- experimental study one group pre & post-test design. Data was 2021, pp.1597-1602, URL:
obtained from 30 Pre-schooler children. And sample was selected www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45072.pdf
used purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help
Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and
of demographic Performa and standardized tools. The obtained data International Journal of Trend in
was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Scientific Research and Development
The hypothesis was tested using paired ‘t’ test. The value of ‘t’ was Journal. This is an
calculated to analyses the difference between mean pre and Open Access article
interventional effect of selected nutritional diet on children. Weight- distributed under the
The value of t- test is t = 23.77 which is greater than table value terms of the Creative Commons
therefore research hypothesis is accepted. Height- The value of t- test Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
is t = 6.42 which is greater than table value therefore research (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
hypothesis accepted. Conclusion: The study concluded that
intervention was effective in increasing the weight and height of pre-
schooler children through selected nutritional diet.
KEYWORDS: Parents, Pre-schooler children, Growth, Intervention,
Selected nutritional diet

INTRODUCTION
William C. Shiel Jr, The process of taking in food malnourished children. over one third of the children
and using it for growth, metabolism, and repair. in developing countries are malnourished.
Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, Malnutrition is a major health concern because a large
transport, assimilation, and excretion. A nourishing number of young children die each year due to
substance, such as nutritional solutions delivered to complications resulting from poor nutritional status.
hospitalized patients via an IV or IG tube. Malnutrition coupled with the high incidences of
infections account for the high mortality rates
Christine Joy T. Soldao, (2017) Reported that
observed among children in developing countries. A
malnutrition is a worldwide problem and a major
young child's eating plan should consist mostly of
public health concern. A report by the International
healthy foods, such as lean meats, poultry, seafood,
Food Policy and Research Institute indicated that
eggs, and legumes; whole grains, such as whole-wheat
developing countries have the largest proportions of
bread and cereals; at least two servings of dairy foods

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
daily; and fresh or lightly processed fruits and malnourished; 30.2% were moderately nourished;
vegetables. 50.5% were malnourished (moderate and severe). In
the urban areas, 12% of the children were severely
Preschool-age children are still developing their eating
malnourished and 27% were moderately malnourished
habits and need encouragement to eat healthy meals
and 39% were malnourished (moderate and severe).
and snacks. These children are eager to learn. They
Malnutrition levels were much higher among tribal
will often imitate eating behaviors of adults. They
children in rural areas. In Madhya pradesh the
need supervision at mealtime as they are still working
incidence is as high as 73.6%.
on chewing and swallowing skills.
The final report of this study revealed that nutritional
Elsevier,(2018)Good nutrition in early childhood is
awareness had increased among mothers and the
essential to ensure children reach their growth and
incidence of malnutrition and growth retardation
developmental potential. Furthermore, dietary health
dropped from 6.5% to1.8% as measured against the
behaviours and food preferences are learnt early and
weight for height.
carry through into adulthood. In all ages, and
increasingly in younger populations, poor food PROBLEM STATEMENT:
choices and overconsumption are associated with a “An interventional study to evaluate the effectiveness
higher risk of developing obesity. Excessive weight of selected nutritional diet on growth of pre-schooler
developed in early childhood is particularly at selected slums area of Bhopal M.P.”
problematic as it is associated with an increased risk
OBJECTIVES:
of developing physical, social and psychological To assess the pre-interventional growth of pre-
conditions and earlier onset of non-communicable schooler.
diseases (NCD). Contrary to popular belief, many To assess the effectiveness of selected nutritional
children carrying extra weight do not outgrow it and diet on growth of pre-schooler.
childhood-onset obesity is particularly difficult to To find out the difference between pre and post
address in later life. As such, concern for children’s interventional growth of pre-schooler.
health, and escalating rates of NCD, have prompted To find out the association between weight and
the prioritization of healthy diets for young children height of the pre-schooler with selected
globally. demographic variables.
Pre-schooler children need to develop healthy eating
HYPOTHESIS:
and physical activity habits early on. Children pattern
H1: There is a significant difference between the post-
habits after parents and caregivers. Pre-schoolers
interventional and pre-interventional mean score
quickly grow and change physically, mentally, and
regarding growth of pre-schooler.
socially. Pre-schoolers need healthy food to meet
their growth and developmental needs. These can best H2: There is a significant association between pre-
be met by following national and/or local food guide interventional mean of weight with selected
recommendations for ages 2-5. Meal and snack times demographic variables.
teach sharing and socializing skills. Small children H3: There is a significant association between pre-
have small stomachs and get full quickly. They need interventional mean of height with selected
child-sized servings for meals and snacks that respect demographic variables.
local traditions and customs.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Need For the Study: Evaluate: It is a measurement of growth of pre-
In a developing country, like India there are many schooler children
constraints to better living and adequate nutrition.
Lack of awareness about the dietary requirements and Effectiveness: It refers to outcome of the growth in
nutritive value of different food is the main cause for term of height and weight among pre-schooler
growth retardation among pre-school children. children after the intervention regarding selected
nutritional diet pattern.
Over all nearly half of the young children in India are
underweight (46%) and one in six children were Intervention: It means action taken or interventing to
wasted (16%).The levels of under nutrition are much improve the growth of pre-schooler children by in
higher in rural areas than in urban areas .Under calculating the selected nutritional diet among pre-
nutrition is most prominent in the states of Bihar, schooler.
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan. About half Growth: It is a quantitative changes that make some
the children are stunted in Assam and Haryana. In the varies in term of height and weight intervention period
rural areas. 20.3% of children were severely of the pre-schooler at prescribed.

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Nutrition diet: It means protein rich food that Description of the tool:
researcher is provide to measure the growth of pre- PROTOCOL OF SELECTED NUTRITIONAL
schooler children, eg: sprouted grams, butter and milk, DIET-
egg (optional). According to- National health portal of India
Pre-schooler: In this study preschooler denotes the Energy rich foods (Carbohydrates and fats)-whole
children between the age group of 3-6years at selected grain cereals, millets, vegetable oils, ghee, nuts and
slums area, Bhopal. oilseeds and sugars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Body building foods (Proteins)- Pulses, nuts and
Research approach: oilseeds, milk and milk products, meat, fish, poultry.
Quantitative with evaluative approach.
Protective foods (Vitamins and minerals) - Green
Research design: leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk
Pre-Experimental. and milk products and flesh foods.
Variables: PROJECTED OUTCOME:
Independent variables: Assessment of The finding will give on insight into the assessment
intervention nutritional dietary pattern on the of interventional nutritional dietary pattern on growth
growth among pre-school children. of pre-schooler children.
Dependent variables: Growth of pre-schooler in
Data collection procedure-:
term of height and weight.
The investigator obtained written permission from
Demographic variables: Such as Age, sex, type
the Selected slum area Bhopal.
of family, Occupation of the parents, Education of
The purpose of the study was explained to them
the parents.
and confidentiality was assured to all the
Research setting: respondents. The children were selected by
The study was conducted in Slum Area of Bhopal convenient sampling technique.
district. The pre-assessment of height and weight done for
Population: Pre-schooler children at Selected Slum 10 days on a total of 30 respondents following the
Area of Bhopal district. administration of intervention diet for 10 days
along with assessment of height and weight then
Sample: assess the height and weight post-intervention for
Pre-schooler children at slums area of Bhopal. 10 days.
Sample size: 30 Pre-schooler children. Ethical consideration:
Sample techniques: Formal permission was obtained from the
Purposive sampling technique Banjari and Fanda slums areas, Chief medical
officer, Child development programme officer,
Criteria for sample selection: Bhopal, Block medical officer.
Inclusion criteria: After explaining the purpose of the study written
1. Who were in pre-school age in Selected Slum consent will be taken from the mother of
Area. preschooler children at Banjari and Fanda slums
2. Who were available at the time of data collection. area.
3. Who were willing to participate.
Plan for data analysis:
Exclusion criteria: The data will be analyzed using both descriptive and
1. Who were not willing to participate. inferential statistics.
2. Who were not available at the time of study. Demographic variables &knowledge scores
Tool and method of data collection: would be analyzed by usingmean, mean
Methods of data collection include selection and percentage, mean difference and standard
development of tool, testing of tool for validity and deviation.
reliability and pre-testing by administering on few ‘t-test’ will be used for effectiveness of
samples and data collection procedure. assessment of interventional diet on growth of
pre-schooler children.
Chi squire test used for finding the association
between preinterventional score with selected
demographic variables.

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RESULTS:
Table No.1 Frequency and percentage distribution of pre-schooler children based on demographic
variable.
S/N Demographic Variable Frequency Percentage
4 21 70
1 Age
5 9 30
Male 16 53.33
2 Sex
Female 14 46.7
Joint Family 17 56.7
3 Type of family Nuclear Family 13 43.33
Extended Family 0 0
Non- Family 12 40
Primary 6 20
High School 3 10
4 Parent education
Higher Secondary 6 20
Graduate 3 10
Post Graduate 0 0
Labour 18 60
Private job 8 26.7
5 Parent occupation
Government job 0 0
Business 4 13.33
Table 1. Described about the frequency, percentage distribution of demographic variable. Distribution of the
subject by age revealed that majority of the subject, i.e. higher (70%) belongs to 4 years followed by (30%) of
pre-schooler in the age group of 5 year. With regard to sex higher of pre-schooler (53.33%) are male and
(46.7%) are female. With regard to type of family that higher of pre-schooler belong to (56.7%) joint family and
(43.33%) belongs to nuclear family. With regard to parent education that higher of Parents (40%) non-formal,
(20%) of primary and higher secondary, (10%) of high school and (10%) of graduate. With regard to parent
occupation higher of Parents are (60%) labour, (26.7%) having Private job and (13.33%) having self business.
Table 2: Analysis of effectiveness of selected nutritional diet in weight
N=30
Mean score Pre-interventional mean Post Interventional mean t-test
Weight 13.66 13.90 23.77
This shows that intervention mean is greater than pre intervention mean. There is effectiveness of selected
nutritional diet.
For proved it, paired T-test done. The result of T-test shows that obtained value is 23.77 which is greater than
table value is 2.05. so hypothesis H1 is accepted.
Table 3: Analysis of effectiveness of selected nutritional diet in height
N=30
Mean score Pre-interventional mean Post-interventional mean t- test
Height 102.88 103.02 6.42
This shows that post intervention mean is greater than pre intervention mean. There is effectiveness of selected
nutritional diet.
For proved it, paired T-test done. The result of T-test shows that obtained value is 6.42 which is greater than
table value is 2.05. so hypothesis H1 is accepted.

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Table 4.Chi-square Test showing the association between pre-interventional mean of weight with
selected demographic variables
Selected
Selected
nutritional Table Obtained
demographic Category Df Significance
diet mean value value
variables
≤ ≥
Age of 4 15 6
1 3.84 6.19 S
children 5 2 7
Male 10 6
Sex 1 3.84 0.45 NS
Female 7 7
Non formal 5 7
Primary (1-4) 4 2
Education of High school(7-10) 2 1
5 11.07 1.77 NS
parents Higher secondary(11-12) 4 2
Graduate 2 1
Post graduate 0 0
Labour 10 8
Occupation of Private job 5 3
3 7.82 0.16 NS
parents Govt. job 0 0
self Business 2 2
Nuclear 10 7
Type of
Joint 7 6 2 5.99 0.09 NS
family
Extended 0 0
NS= Not significant S= Significant
The table No 4.shows that there is significant association between pre-interventional score of weight and
selected socio-demographic variables of children such as Age of child, and no significant association between
pre-interventional score of weight and selected socio-demographic variables of children such as Sex, Type of
family, Education of parents, Occupation of parents. So majority of demographic variable had no significant
association hence the research hypotheses H2 is not accepted.
Table 5.Chi-square Test showing the association between pre-interventional mean of height with
selected demographic variables
Selected
Selected
nutritional Table Obtained
demographic Category Df Significance
diet mean value value
variables
≤ ≥
4 16 5
Age of children 1 3.84 7.63 S
5 2 7
Male 8 8
Sex 1 3.84 1.41 NS
Female 10 4
Non formal 7 5
Primary (1-4) 3 3
Education of High school(7-10) 3 0
5 11.07 2.56 NS
parents Higher secondary(11-12) 3 3
Graduate 2 1
Post graduate 0 0
Labour 11 7
Occupation of Private job 5 3
3 7.82 0.18 NS
parents Govt. job 0 0
self Business 2 2
Nuclear 10 7
Type of family Joint 8 5 2 5.99 0.02 NS
Extended 0 0
NS= Not significant S= Significant

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Table No 5-Shows that there is significant association between pre-interventional score of height and selected
socio-demographic variables of children such as Age of child, and no significant association between pre-
interventional score of height and selected socio-demographic variables of children such as Sex, Type of family,
Education of parents, Occupation of parents. So majority of demographic variable had no significant association
hence research hypotheses H3 is not accepted.
DISCUSSION: Bangalore Printing and Co limited: page no
The result of T-test shows that obtained value is 230, 540
23.77 which is greater than table value is 2.05. so
[2] Kumar. A, Jai A. K: Mittal P. et. al, “Weight
hypothesis H1 is accepted. and Height of 5-10 yrs, old children of upper
Majority of demographic variable had no
socio-economic status’’ Indian paediatrics.
significant association hence the research
1990;27(8);835
hypotheses H2 & H3 is not accepted.
[3] Pari R, Chawla P and Menta S, “Retention of
Conclusion: Intervention was effective in increasing
nutrition and health knowledge and proteins –
the weight and height of pre-schooler children
After an in-service training programme”, Indian
through selected nutritional diet.
journal of nutrition and Dietetics. 1994; 21(11);
Recommendations: 437-443.
1. Provide nutritional training for the teachers about
[4] Shanti Ghosh, Nutrition and Child care, 2nd
good nutrition to the preschool children. Edition, Jaypee brothers, 178.
2. Provide dietary services to recognize the
preschool malnutrition disease and put the [5] Malnutrition in India’’.
treatment healthy programs for them. http:/www.Nutritionorg/misc/terms.shtml.
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mothers about the recommended daily allowances intervention for reducing malnutrition among
and good healthy nutrition to the preschool children under five years of age in the Islamic
children. republic of iran. East Mediters Health Journal
4. Preventing buy any candy foods like gas drinks or 2000, Mar-May:6(2-3)238-45.
chips in the Kindergarten. [7] Sadka, L. Nancy, “Integrated child
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dental care in the preschool children. by UNICEF. 1984; 8-12pp.
6. Integrate nutritional courses to the children in the [8] WHO Report, “Life in the 21st Century – a
kindergarten to learning good food habits and vision forals’’ WHO Geneva, 1998.
practices.
[9] Getanesh T. Protein Energy Malnutrition in
Conflict of interest: No urban children Prevalence and Determinants.
Financial support: Self Ethiop Medical Journal 1998; 36(3); 153-156.
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