Professional Documents
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Physical Education Sba
Physical Education Sba
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT
Candidate Name: Yovendra Singh
Candidate Number: 090003
School: Anna Regina Secondary School
School Code: 090003
Subject: Physical Education
Topic: First Aid
Territory: Guyana
Teachers Name: A. Bisnauth, N. Hastings
ANNA REGINA
SECONDARY SCHOOL
Acknowledgement
Due to the successful completion of this project, the researcher would like to extend
gratitude to all persons who abetted and co-operated with him to put together and to ensure the
successful completion of this project. The researcher would like to express his profound thanks
to the persons who assisted him to complete the project on time successfully.
Inaugurally the researcher would like to blissfully extend gratitude to the almighty God
for compassionately guiding and bestowing him with courage, strength, faith and a creative and
constructive mindset, which would have helped him to successfully complete this project. The
researcher would go on to extend sincere gratitude to his parents who esoterically provided
unerring adoration and profoundly providing funds to clear the expenses for the purchase of
materials for the completion of the project therefore making it successful.
Moreover the researcher would like to extend a heartfelt gratitude to his subject teacher
Sir A Bisnauth and Sir N. Hastings who tutored him step by step and coordinating with his
parents to get the project done successfully and more so on time.
Finally the researcher once again would like to extend thanks to all persons whose names
are too numerous to mention. He is optimistic that all people’s time and effect was well noted
and accepted.
BIO-DATA
FULL NAME: Yovendra Singh
DATE OF BIRTH: 15th November, 2004 PICTURE OF YOVENDRA SINGH
GENDER: Male
AGE: 16
RELIGION: Hinduism
HEIGHT: 152.4cm (60 Inches)
WEIGHT: 58kg (127.8lbs)
ETHNICITY: East Indian
NATIONALITY: Guyanese
HOBBIES: Drawing, Building ornaments and Making
Crafts.
FUTURE JOB: Civil Engineer
WHY I PLAN TO BE A CIVIL ENGINEER?: I plan
to be a Civil Engineer because I Have a keen interest in
Civil Engineer and also because it is a very profitable
career. It enables me to express technical skills which I
would have acquired through reading and teaching in
school. It is my dream job from a young age as I was
inspired by my dad.
WHY I CHOSE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY?: I chose Physical Education because
it trains a person methods and ways of Training the
body to become fit and healthy and to perform at their
maximum potential with their fitness. Since my dream
job involves Physical Exertion it is best to be fit and
healty.
WHERE DO I SEE MYSELF IN THE NEXT FIVE
YEARS?: I see myself in the next five years as a
trained Civil Engineer self-employed owning a
contracting company along with a metal workshop to cater for the needs of fellow citizens in
metal work.
CONTENT PAGE
Content Page
Item Page Number
Introduction 1
Definition of Terms 2
Reference 25
Appendix 26
Glossary 27
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Firstly the researcher would like to thank the Ministry of Education for implementing
this School Based Assessment, as it would significantly help in obtaining a great score at the
Examinations
First aid is a revolutionary achievement that has potentially saved many lives. First Aid
is the immediate medical treatment given to an injured or ill person before professional help
from a doctor or and medical Professional is offered. The person performing the act is referred to
as a first aider and utilizes items in a kit know as a first aid kit or first aid station. First aid is
there to prevent pain suffering and to some extent reduce the chances of death.
First aid has become a key principle in many work and sporting environments so that
persons can get immediate medical attention and prevent the situation from getting worse.
However the person offering first aid must be able to offer it correctly in the proper procedure so
as not to worsen the situation.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Definition of Terms
First Aid- First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a causality for an injury
or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance or a doctor or other medically
qualified persons.
First Aid Officer- this is someone who has undergone a training course to administer first
aid and holds a current first aid Certificate.
First Aid Kit- is a kit containing medical supplies and equipment and used to issue
assistance to an injured persons during the First Aid Treatment.
Accident- an unexpected happening causing loss or injury which can be injurious or
detrimental.
Emergency- an Unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that callas
for immediate action.
Treatment- the techniques or actions used and applied in a specific situation particularly
injuries that would help to suppress, ease or remove pain or suffering etc.
Symptoms- is an evidence or indication that indicates the existence of something.
Injury- an act which involves bodily harm, damages or pain.
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)- is an emergency procedure that combines chest
compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact
brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation
and breathing in a person who is in Cardiac Arrest
Recovery Position- refers to one of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three
quarters prone position of the body, in which an unconscious but breathing causality can
be placed as part of first aid treatment.
Fatal- this means deadly or detrimental
Airway, Breathing Circulation (ABC)- Is an initial systematic test carried out on an
injured or ill persons for which the first aider checks if the person’s blood is in
circulation, if he or she is breathing properly and is not having breathing disorders. These
are the main first aid signs to look for.
HISTORY OF FIRST AID
The Greek Emperor Napoleon, his surgeon Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, is given credit for
creating an ambulance corps which they called Ambulance Volantes, in which its main aim is
to carry medical assistance to offer First Aid in a battle. In the 1859 the aftermath of the
Battle of Solferino left Jean Henri Dunant with grave shock and such it lead to him
developing the Red Cross, with a key stated aim of “aid to sick and wounded soldiers in the
field.” The Red Cross and the Red Crescent are still the largest providers of first aid
worldwide. In the year 1870 a Prussian military Surgeon by the name of Friedrich von
Esmarch was the guy who formalized first aid to the military and named the act as “erste
hilfe” which translates to first aid and started preparing and training soldiers for the
upcoming Franco Prussian War in preparation of offering care to wounded comrades as they
used their pretrained skills of bandaging and splinting skills and also the use of Esmarch
bandage which he designed. The bandages were issued to the soldiers and included pictures
demonstrating their use.
Two years later the order of Saint Jerusalem in England would have changed their focus
From Hospice care and set out to starting a system of practical medical help which involved
offering a grant to the United Kingdom’s first Ambulance Service. This lead to the
Formation of the St John’s Ambulance litter. Their aim was to Train men and women for the
benefit of the sick and wounded.
After the advantages of von Esmarch’s teaching, surgeon Major peter shepherd had seen the
advantage and introduced a programme for the British army. Later Colonel Francis Duncan
took advantage of the focus of St John and starting teaching first aid to civilians. The first
classes were conducted in the hall of the Presbyterian School in Woolwhich. Eventually first
aid began spreading around the world to the point it is at today.
QUALIFICATIONS,
QUALITIES, DUTIES
AND AIMS OF A
FIRST AID OFFICER
To preserve life- this is the main aim of medical care is to save lives and minimize death
and reduce the patients pain level and keep the calm
Prevent further harm- prevention of further harm means to cure or treat an injury so that
is does not become worse therefore causing more pain to the injured person.
Promote recovery- the act of first aid involves attempting to start the recovery process
from the illness or injury in which it involves offering a treatment to the wound or injury
that does not require professional medical help.
UNIVERSAL DRILLS OF
FIRST AID
FAST (stroke)
FAST is an acronym used to denote that a person is having a stroke and ways of detecting
bodily responses to determine such. Hence the acronym stand s for Facial dropping, Arm
weakness, Speech Difficulties and Time to call emergency.
Facial drooping- a section of the face, particularly one side is drooping and difficult
to move and can easily be recognized by a disfigured smile.
Arm weakness- this is where the person is unable to raise or move one’s arm fully
and also being unable to hold or squeeze something.
Speech Difficulty- this is where the person is unable or finding it very difficult to
speak or to understand someone else.
Time- one these symptoms are witnessed time is key in calling the emergency
services to immediately tend to the person having the stroke.
ABC
Airway Breathing and Circulation was invented to remind First aiders about CPR. It is now
called the ABC of first aid.
Airway- opening the persons airway by lifting the chin and tilting the head backwards
Breathing- observing for signs that the person is able to breathe and if he or she is breathing
Circulation- observing for signs of blood not circulating such as change in colour of skin,
movement of eyes and feeling a pulse.
INJURIES
Injuries
1) Sprain
Definition- A sprain is an injury whereby the stretching or tearing of a ligament occurs. The
ligaments are tough fibrous tissues that connect two or more bones together.
Symptoms
Symptoms include
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Limited ability to move affect joint
The sound or feeling of a pop in the joint at the time of the injury
Causes
Ankle- from exercising or walking on an uneven surface, landing awkwardly from a jump
Knee- from pivoting during sporting activities
Wrist- Landing or excess pressure on a stretch out wrist
Thumb- overextending the thumb especially due racquet sports such as tennis
Treatment
2) Fracture
Definition- a fracture may be defined as the injury whereby a bone is broken or cracked
completely.
Symptoms
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Discoloured skin around the affected area
Angulation whereby the affected area is bent or turned in an unusual angle
Inability to apply weight or pressure in the injured area
The inability to move the affected area
The affected area may feeling a grating sensation from bones rubbing against each other
Show there be a punctured of the skin there will be bleeding
Causes
Treatment
The bones must be aligned and then immobilized by either: Plaster cast or Plastic
functional Braces, metal plates and screws, intra medullary nails, external fixators.
Then the natural healing process takes place and time may vary depending on the severity
of the fracture
3) Bruise
Definition- a bruise is an injury that occurs to soft tissues resulting in breakage of the local
capillaries and a leakage of red blood cells into the skin.
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
The RICE method can be applied to help treat bruises with rest, ice, compression and elevation
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
5) Hamstring strain
Definition- The hamstring is a group of three muscles found at the back of the leg that help with
bending the knee. A hamstring strain is where one or more of these muscles are overloaded and
sometimes tear.
Symptoms
Sudden and severe pain during the activity while also hearing a popping sound or
snapping
Pain at the back of the thigh or lower buttock when walking
Tenderness
Bruising
Causes
Treatment
6) Muscle pull
Definition- Muscle pull, muscle strain or even a muscle tear refers to damage to a muscle r its
attaching tendons as a result of overloading the muscles with excessive pressure
Symptoms
Pain
Bruising
Swelling or redness
Weakness of the muscles or tendons
Inability to use the muscle at all
Causes
Poor flexibility
Poor conditioning
Overexertion and fatigue
Not warming up before exercise
Treatment
Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and improve
your ability to move around.
Remove all unnecessary clothing
Use RICE method to rest the muscle, apply ice to the muscle, compress the muscle
occasionally and elevate the muscle to prevent swelling.
7) Shin splints
Definition- shin splints also referred to as tibial stress syndrome is an injury where by stress
causes connective tissues that attach muscles to the bones to become inflamed and painful.
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
8) Concussion
Definition- a concussion may be defined as a mild brain injury
Symptoms
Confusion
A headache
Dizziness
Ringing in ears
Nausea
Tiredness
Loss of consciousness
Causes
Falls
Sudden jolts
Sports injuries
Cycling accidents
Treatment
Rest to help the brain get well faster by removing stress and strain
Use painkillers such as Tylenol
Do not engage in sporting and others activities in a hurry
Should symptoms get worse seek medical attention
9) Sunburn
Definition- is an injury where your skin is exposed to extreme sun light and heat and starts to
burn.
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
Symptoms
Pain
Shock in arm if jerked suddenly
Painful to raise or straighten hand
Causes
Treatment
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
12) Dislocation
Definition- Dislocation occurs when a bone slips out of its joint. The most common on being the
shoulder but can also happen to many body parts
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
Age:
Gender:
Address:
Location of Incident:
Time of Incident:
Date of Incident:
Action taken:
Injury detail:
Emergency Contact:
Witness: (1)
(2)
Hospital attended:
Reference
https://www.webmd.com/fitness-excercise/groin-pull
https://www.healthline.com/health/sports-injuries
https://www.webmd.com/fitness-excercise/guide/muscle-strain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bruise
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158876
APPENDIX
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Action taken: Placed Victim in the recovery position. Application of Ice along with
Bandage for Compression.
Glossary
First Aid- First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a causality for an injury
or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance or a doctor or other medically
qualified persons.
First Aid Officer- this is someone who has undergone a training course to administer first
aid and holds a current first aid Certificate.
First Aid Kit- is a kit containing medical supplies and equipment and used to issue
assistance to an injured persons during the First Aid Treatment.
Accident- an unexpected happening causing loss or injury which can be injurious or
detrimental.
Emergency- an Unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that callas
for immediate action.
Treatment- the techniques or actions used and applied in a specific situation particularly
injuries that would help to suppress, ease or remove pain or suffering etc.
Symptoms- is an evidence or indication that indicates the existence of something.
Injury- an act which involves bodily harm, damages or pain.
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)- is an emergency procedure that combines chest
compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact
brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation
and breathing in a person who is in Cardiac Arrest
Recovery Position- refers to one of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three
quarters prone position of the body, in which an unconscious but breathing causality can
be placed as part of first aid treatment.
Fatal- this means deadly or detrimental
Airway, Breathing Circulation (ABC)- Is an initial systematic test carried out on an
injured or ill persons for which the first aider checks if the person’s blood is in
circulation, if he or she is breathing properly and is not having breathing disorders. These
are the main first aid signs to look for.