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Breathing Exercise
Breathing Exercise
BREATHING
The process that moves air in and out of
the lungs called breathing or pulmonary
ventilation.
Breathing starts at the nose. You inhale air into your nose, and
it travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe
or trachea.
Trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes.
Bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divided into
smaller air passages called bronchioles or bronchial tree.
The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli.
The body has over 300 million alveoli.
The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels
called capillaries.
Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli
walls and into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out of the
blood into the air in the alveoli.
MUSCLES OF INSPIRATION
Diaphragm (primary m/s of inhale)
Scalene
Sternocleidomastoid
Serratus anterior
External intercostal( moves upward and
outward)
MUSCLES OF EXPIRATION
External oblique
Rectoabdominal
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominal
BREATHING EXERCISES
Breathing ex and ventilatory training are the
fundamental interventions for the prevention for
acute and chronic pulmonary disease patients
with high spinal cord lesion and who underwent
thoracic and abdominal surgery and bedridden
patients.
Studies indicate that breathing exercise and
ventilatory training have affect and alter a
patients rate and depth of ventilation ,so these
technique is used to improve the pulmonary
status and increase patients overall endurance.
GOALS OF BREATHING EXERCISE
Improve ventilation
Increase the effectiveness of cough and promote
airway clearance
To prevent post operative pulmonary
complications
To improve the strength endurance coordination
of the muscles of ventilation
Maintain and improve chest and thoracic spine
mobility
Promote relaxation and relive stress
To teach the patient how to deal with episodes of
dyspnea
Cont…
Area of exercises
Explanation & Instructions to the
patient
Patients position
Evaluate the patient
Demonstration of exercise
Patient practice
GUIDELINE FOR TEACHING
BREATHING EXERCISES
Diaphragmatic breathing
Glossophryngeal breathing
Pursed lip breathing
Segmental breathing(costal expansion
exercise)
a) Apical breathing
b) Lateral costal expansion
c) Posterior basal expansion
DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
Patient take several gulp of air (6 to 10), then by closing the mouth
the tongue pushes the air back and trap it in the pharynx the air
is then forced to lungs when the glottis is opened.
Procedure
Have the patient sit and lean forward on a pillow,
slightly bending the hips.
Place the PT hand over the posterior aspect of the
lower rib and do the same procedure in lateral costal
expansion.
Right middle lobe or lingula expansion
While the patient in sitting place your hand at either
the right or left side of the patient’s chest just below
the axilla, and follow the same procedure in lateral
costal expansion.
Apical expansion