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TCPST (thyristor control phase shifting transformer) impact on power quality

Conference Paper · January 2013

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Conférence Internationale des Energies Renouvelables (CIER’13)
Sousse, Tunisie - 2013
Copyright IPCO-2014
Vol.2
ISSN : 2356-5608

TCPST (thyristor control phase shifting

transformer) impact on power quality
A .KHELFI#1 ,T .MESBAH#2,A.DJELLAD#3
#
Electrical Engineering Department Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University ,
P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]
3
[email protected]

Abstract – the power flow is importing in transport of present in the system for other reasons (like the
energy the transient stability. Power flow control of redirection of power flows according to agreements in
energy in system transmission have many problem ;a
novel technologies are introduced. Flexible AC deregulated markets) it possible to add a “transient-
transmission systems (FACTS); like Phase shifting stability enhancement” module to the TCPST
transformer (PST). PST aims at introducing voltage controller and in this way increase the transient-
phase shift between sending and receiving of
stability margin. The development of power
transmission line; the voltage phase shift is controlled by
adding to the voltage of one end of transmission line a electronics such thyristors, GTO………., could
quadrature voltage component. In this paper we provide fast control of the active power through a
improving the quality and power flux by controlling the transmission line . implies the potential application
phase shifting between sending and receiving voltage
bus; using PST controlling with thyristors (TCPST).we of these devices for damping of power system
evaluate the control to obtain the max power flow in electromechanical oscillations. For a phase shifting
different status in network. For get optimal control we transformer, the inserted voltage is in quadrature to
put our TCPST in a single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) the source voltage. By the development of thyristors
system. The results of different simulations realized
under the MATLAB / Simulink. with current extinguishing capability, all solid state
implementation of power flow controllers could be
Keywords — Phase Shifting Transformer, FACTS, Power realized .TCPST have advantage to controlling power
Flow and Energy Quality, PWM-control, SMIB. flow by adjusted phase shifting between voltage
sending and receiving ; for more study our apparatus
I. INTRODUCTION
we introduces him in single machine in infinite bus
The most importing in electrical network transmission (SMIB) .for the small signal stability studies of
to carry the max power this idea was developed by (SMIB) power system, the linear model of Phillips-
using flexible AC transmission systems FACTS Heffron has been used for years, providing reliable
devices. In the late 1980s, the Electric Power results [3]-[4].in this survey we look for the optimal
Research Institute (EPRI) introduces a new approach max power flow and stabilization by using our
to solve the problem of designing, controlling and system and controlling him. The proposed approach is
operating power systems: the proposed concept is illustrated through corrective action plan for a few
known as Flexible AC Transmission Systems harmful contingencies in SMIB system.
(FACTS)[1]. It is reckoned conceptually a target for
long term development to offer new opportunities for II. SMIB SYSTEM
controlling power in addition to enhance the capacity
The single machine in infinite bus system model
of present as well as new lines [2]in the coming
developed by Heffron-Phillips
decades. Its main objectives are to increase power
transmission capability, voltage control, voltage (1)
stability enhancement and power system stability
improvement.
(2)
This paper examines improvement of power flow
system by use of thyristor controlled phase shifting (3)
transformer (TCPST); it is true that it is unusual to
use TCPSTs in such a way, but if TCPSTs are already
Conférence Internationale des Energies Renouvelables (CIER’13)
Sousse, Tunisie - 2013

( ) (4) [
] (16)
Electrical equation :
As X >> R
(5)
(17)
Lossless network :

(6) (18)

(7)
(19)
(8)
(20)

IV. PHASE SHIFTING TRANSFORMER

Park transformation : BASIC PRINCIPLE

(10) Considering an ideal PST shown in Figure 1.

The transformation ratio is a complex quantity

(11)
or phase angle created by the PST[5].
III. NETWORK ACTIVE AND REACTIVE
POWER TRANSMISSION

Establishing the expression of power between two

points 1 and 2 depending on the modules and phases
of voltage and for the generalized case very beings
consider tita deferential zero .

̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
̅ ̅ ̅
Fig. 1 PST connected to networks
(12)

Expanding the numerator and matching real and

From "fig.1" we have:
imaginary parts of both sides, we obtain the desired
relationship: ; (21.1)

[ (Note: the loss of power (active and reactive)

without zero in the ideal transformer)
] (13)
(21.2)
[
(21.3)
] (14)

From the equations (21.1) et (21.2) :

By simple permutation of the indices 1 and 2, we
obtain the expression of power entering the line side
of Node 2: (21.4)

[
] (15)
Conférence Internationale des Energies Renouvelables (CIER’13)
Sousse, Tunisie - 2013

V. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

In this search after modelling the phase shifting

transformer, installed and studied in SMIB with
different angles[8] .since the analysis of IEEE 14 bus
network voltages, phases and power flow indicated in
"Fig. 3", "Fig. 4","Fig. 5","Fig. 6" and "Table. I " we
try to introduce phase shifting transformer in network
In order to improve their behavior
Fig. 2 Equivalent circuit returned to the primary of active power side.
In this study, a 7% nominal impedance of the phase
Equation (21.4) shows the equivalent circuit of shifting transformer was used. The transformer size
was 50MVA which was based on the maximum
"Fig.2" If the power losses are negligible in the
power expected to flow through the 110kV line 3_4.
circuit. This power takes into account the future loads during
the normal as well as the abnormal or contingency
, Operations[6]-[7].
The transmission of power flow control and can
increase using the equation:
TABLE I
(21.5) PHASE SHIFT IN BUSES
BUS ANGLE
DEGREE
The rang of variation of PST 1 0
(21.6) 2 -4.9891
3 -10.242
Generally limit without symmetrical around zero 4 -10.242
, then then the limits are related to the 5 -8.7601
6 -14.4469
transformation ratio of PST.
7 -13.2368
Consider that : 8 -13.2368
9 -14.8201
(21.7) 10 -15.0360
11 -14.8581
The electronics power development and the 12 -15.2973
combination with hardware network makes 13 -15.3313
the control of PST can realize with a thyristor TCPST 14 -16.0717
see "Fig.3" (thyristor controlled phase shifting
transformer) , 1.1
voltage IEEE 14 bus without PST

the control of phase shift to follow the load

1.09
change and get max of active power.
1.08

1.07
voltage (PU)

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
buses

Fig. 4 Bases voltage (pu)

Fig. 3 TCPST
Conférence Internationale des Energies Renouvelables (CIER’13)
Sousse, Tunisie - 2013

200 Fig. 7 Active power with PST 8°

MW Flow
Mvar Flow A-PST in system with 8°
150
The first observation the active powers in buses 3
100 and 4 were PST installed are increasing and also sway
at other buses. Therefore they are grow more than
50% in branch 3_4 of initial value.
50
B-PST with different phase shift
0
To better understand our system the next
-50 experience offered in this section.
Different phase shift in order to get optimal PS (phase
shift) and also set the command variation rang to this
Fig. 5 Power flow in IEEE 14 bus (branch) network.
Power IEEE 14 bus without PST
250 This experiment showing in "fig. 8".In our case when
P(MW)
Q(MVAR)
PS positive the power broad than initial state by cons
200
in opposite case ( PS negative) powers less than
pervious case. When PS = 2° for this state network
was the optimal point regulation "fig. 9".
power MW/MVAR

150

100

Power IEEE 14 bus with different phase shift

250
phase shift 8°
50 225
phase shift -8°
200 phase 2° phase shifting 5°
phase shift 10°
175
0 phase shift -5°
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150 phase shift -10°
power MW/MVAR

buses phase shift 2

125
without PST
Fig. 6 Active and reactive power in buses 100

75

VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 50

25

0
The results of the network studies are
-25
discussed in this section and displayed in a graph
-50
format. Application of different phase shift in our 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
buses
system introduced several result of power
transmission impact. The first phase shift applied Fig. 8 Different phase shift
is 8° the active power increased in majority buses
but in 1,2,7 active powers are low than without Power IEEE 14 bus with different phase shift
PST, this leverage isn’t handsome for our system 250
phase shifting 5°
this test is showing in "fig. 7". 225
phase shift 2
without PST
200
Before starting we consider : voltages stable and phase 2°
175
their module steady.
power MW/MVAR

150

125
Power IEEE 14 bus with PST 8° 100
250
A.power with PST 75

A.power 50
reactive
200 25

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
buses
power MW/MVAR

150

Fig. 9 Optimal regulation of PST

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
buses
 Conférence Internationale des Energies Renouvelables (CIER’13)
Sousse, Tunisie - 2013

VII. CONCLUSION worsen the voltage on the primary side of transformer

and destroy equipment.
The results of study shows that the phase shifting
transformer can be used to increase and low the active The phase shifting transformer ought not be
power transmission in network. connected where the primary side is directly
purveyance customs.
The angle that phase shifting transformer exploits at
should cautiously be picked since the more power Even though the phase shifting transformer can
that is permissible to pass via the transformer will improving power flow attentive account should be
wrought when selecting the rang of the phase angle as

some angle may break down the active power of

network.

VIII. REFERENCES

[1] Vibhor Gupta, “Study and Effect s of UPFC and

its Control System for Power Flow Control and
Voltage Injection in a Power System”, International
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,(4), pp.189-202,
1969.

[2] Distributed generation and FACTS Technology

- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

[3] W.G. Heffron and R.A. Phillips, 'Effect of modem amplidyne

voltage regulator characteristics', IEEE Transactions, PAS-71,
pp. 692-697,

[4] vol.2 (7), 2010, pp-2558-2566. F.P. Demello and

C.Concordla, “Concepts of synchronous machine stability as
affected by excitation control”, IEEE Transactions, PAS-88

[5] K. R. Padiyar ‘facts controllers in power transmission and

distribution’, pp.157-171, 2007.

[6] S.Sithole,N.Mbuli and J.Pretorius IEEE Africon 2011 -

The Falls Resort and Conference Centre, Livingstone, Zambia,
13 - 15 September 2011 .

[7] A.K. Datta, P.C. Garg and A. Dubey, \Operational experience of

TCSC on 400 kV Raipur-Rourkela D/C line", Conference on
Power Transmission, Central Power Research Institute,
Bangalore, December 2005.

[8] FACTS devices by direct methods ‘Transient stability

assessment of systems comprising phase-shifting’ , Electrical
Power and Energy Systems 26 (2004) 445–453.

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