Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Research - Q1 - Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    200SubscribersWithoutVideo Challenge
    22 views3 pages
    This lesson discusses the IMRaD format for writing lab reports and research papers. The IMRaD format structures papers into four main sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The Introduction explains the problem being addressed and its significance. The Methods section describes how the research was conducted. The Results section reports the findings without interpretation. The Discussion section interprets the results, relates them to prior work, and discusses limitations and future work. An Abstract summarizes the entire paper. The key is to report findings objectively in Results but interpret and comment on them in Discussion. Common problems are unclear Abstracts, weak Introductions, disorganized Methods, and providing commentary in Results instead of just reporting results.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This lesson discusses the IMRaD format for writing lab reports and research papers. The IMRaD format structures papers into four main sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The Introduction explains the problem being addressed and its significance. The Methods section describes how the research was conducted. The Results section reports the findings without interpretation. The Discussion section interprets the results, relates them to prior work, and discusses limitations and future work. An Abstract summarizes the entire paper. The key is to report findings objectively in Results but interpret and comment on them in Discussion. Common problems are unclear Abstracts, weak Introductions, disorganized Methods, and providing commentary in Results instead of just reporting results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views3 pages

    Research - Q1 - Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    200SubscribersWithoutVideo Challenge
    This lesson discusses the IMRaD format for writing lab reports and research papers. The IMRaD format structures papers into four main sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The Introduction explains the problem being addressed and its significance. The Methods section describes how the research was conducted. The Results section reports the findings without interpretation. The Discussion section interprets the results, relates them to prior work, and discusses limitations and future work. An Abstract summarizes the entire paper. The key is to report findings objectively in Results but interpret and comment on them in Discussion. Common problems are unclear Abstracts, weak Introductions, disorganized Methods, and providing commentary in Results instead of just reporting results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    In this section, you will perform the self-paced learning.

    That is, you can study this


    lesson on your own time and schedule. You do not need to compete with others. You
    are given enough time to do the self-study and do the activities. Do not hesitate to
    contact your teacher if you have questions. Good luck on your study!

    1.
    Lesson
    2.
    1 Writing an IMRaD Report

    What is an IMRaD report?

    “IMRaD” format refers to a paper that is structured by four main sections: Introduction,
    Methods, Results, and Discussion. This format is often used for lab reports as well as for reporting
    any planned, systematic research in the social sciences, natural sciences, or engineering and
    computer sciences.

    Introduction – Make a case for your research


    The introduction explains why this research is important or necessary or important. Begin
    by describing the problem or situation that motivates the research. Move to discussing the current
    state of research in the field; then reveal a “gap” or problem in the field. Finally, explain how the
    present research is a solution to that problem or gap. If the study has hypotheses, they are presented
    at the end of the introduction.

    Methods – What did you do?


    The methods section tells readers how you conducted your study. It includes information
    about your population, sample, methods, and equipment. The “gold standard” of the methods
    section is that it should enable readers to duplicate your study. Methods sections typically use
    subheadings; they are written in past tense, and they use a lot of passive voice. This is typically
    the least read section of an IMRaD report.

    Results – What did you find?

    In this section, you present your findings. Typically, the Results section contains only the
    findings, not any explanation of or commentary on the findings (see below). Results sections are
    usually written in the past tense. Make sure all tables and figures are labeled and numbered
    separately. Captions go above tables and beneath figures.

    Discussion – What does it mean?

    In this section, you summarize your main findings, comment on those findings (see below),
    and connect them to other research. You also discuss limitations of your study, and use these
    limitations as reasons to suggest additional, future research.

    Abstract – Summarize the entire study

    The abstract for the report comes at the beginning of the paper, but you should write it after
    you have drafted the full report. The abstract provides a very short overview of the entire paper,
    including a sentence or two about the report’s purpose and importance, a sentence or two about
    your methods, a few sentences that present the main findings, and a sentence or two about the
    implications of your findings.

    Reporting versus Commenting on your Findings

    In the Results section, you simply report your findings. In the Discussion section, you
    comment on them.

    Report (Results Section)


    1. Refer to your table or figure and state the main trend
    1. Table 3 shows that Spam Filter A correctly filtered more junk emails than FilterB
    2. Support the trend with data
    2. Filter A correctly filtered…. The average difference is….
    3. (If needed) Note any additional, secondary trends and support them with data
    3. In addition…. Figure 1 also shows….
    4. (If needed) Note any exceptions to your main trends or unexpected outcomes.
    4. However….

    Comment (Discussion Section)

    1. (If needed) Provide an explanation


    5. A feasible explanation is…. This trend can be explained by….
    2. (If needed) Compare to other research
    6. X is consistent with X’s finding… In contrast, Y found….
    3. (If needed) Evaluate whether the findings support or contradict a hypothesis
    4. State the bottom line: what does the data mean?
    7. These findings overall suggest…. These data indicate….

    Common problems in IMRaD drafts:

     The Abstract does not provide a clear statement of the main findings.
     The Introduction does not communicate clearly why the research is important.
     The Methods section is not detailed enough or is disorganized.
     The Results section provides comments and explanations instead of simply reporting
    results.

    You might also like